CN1465458A - Sand mould vacuum pressure casting technology and equipment - Google Patents
Sand mould vacuum pressure casting technology and equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN1465458A CN1465458A CNA02133367XA CN02133367A CN1465458A CN 1465458 A CN1465458 A CN 1465458A CN A02133367X A CNA02133367X A CN A02133367XA CN 02133367 A CN02133367 A CN 02133367A CN 1465458 A CN1465458 A CN 1465458A
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003110 molding sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000017667 Chronic Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000002352 blister Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010111 plaster casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009772 tissue formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a vacuum pressure casting process of sand mold, and is mainly characterized by that it uses the sand as raw material, and adopts a technological process system including the procedures of uniformly stirring with resin, molding, patching and finishing, temperature ageing, clamping and positioning sand mold, placing molten metal, pouring cup and sand mold in a pouring tank, when it is poured, firstly, vacuum-pumping, pouring, pressurizing, cooling, solidifying to obtain compact costing structure, pressure-releasing, taking out sand mold, cleaning sand so as to obtain the blank with high quality.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of sand casting process and equipment, be particularly useful for making high-compactness, the demand of high quality casting product.
Background technology:
The ordinary sand casting cost is low, with short production cycle in the existing casting technique, but density of foundry goods tissue (pinhole rate) and castability can't guarantee, does not satisfy the supporting requirement of scientific research and war products; Die casting technology needs expensive steel mould again, and the production cycle is long, and bleb can't be eliminated; The gypsum mould precision casting can satisfy user's specification requirement substantially.But the gypsum mould hot investment casting needs expensive high-accuracy metal die.Gypsum moulding stoving time reached more than 50 hours, and energy resource consumption is huge.Because of gypsum mould does not possess ventilative function, the foundry goods of or wall thickness big for volume, the residual air after vacuumizing during casting will become a big chronic disease that produces casting defect.Therefore, more than the equal various degrees of original casting technique, dissimilar defectives and deficiency, little for amount especially, the quality requirement height, the short new product of cycle request can not meet the demands.Be to be machined to design size bit by bit with integral material to satisfy scientific research and requirement crucial, important military products part for a long time.But integral material expends that to add man-hour too many, and the production cycle is oversize, and poor because of the cold-worked material structure stability, for some accurate thin-wall parts, often occurs being worked into when last, and part is scrapped because of distortion in addition.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of sand mould vacuum pressure casting process and equipment in order to overcome the deficiency of existing sand mold, gypsum mould, metal mold casting and pressure fabrication technique and equipment, improves the density and the quality of cast product, satisfies scientific research, the supporting requirement of military products.
Sand mould vacuum pressure casting technology step of the present invention is as follows:
A. moulding: select for use normal sands or geometry and intensity preferably cleaning quartz sand as the sand mold raw material, make it under the situation of proof strength, has gas permeability preferably, water or high-intensity resin, moulding, repair type, temperature timeliness, avoid sand mold when casting, to produce water vapour or chemical gas, harm foundry goods.
B, with the sand mold after the timeliness with special fixture location, matched moulds, clamp, install " feeding water emit cup " after, be positioned in the casting pot.
C. will refine good molten metal is placed on the casting frame in the casting pot.
D. the casting pot door is shut rapidly, opened vacuum valve simultaneously, in 0.5～15 second, the air in the casting pot is taken out, make die cavity be in airfree state.
E. will be placed on the molten metal of casting on the frame and at the uniform velocity pour in the die cavity, with " feeding is watered and is emitted cup " ooze full till.
F. open high pressure valve rapidly,, make molten metal in die cavity, be subjected to cooled and solidified under the situation of extraneous pressure, to reach foundry goods institutional framework closely to pressurizeing in the casting pot.
G. put the gas in the casting pot, open casting pot, take out sand mold, can obtain the premium casting blank after the sand removal.
The pumpdown time was pressurizeed the time limit in 8 seconds in the above-mentioned technology in 8 seconds, and effect is good.
It is the core that the present invention innovates that this craft science is selected molding sand and bonding agent for use, uses the sand mold moulding, successfully uses vacuum casting compression solidification principle.Because molding sand is positioned in the casting pot, will be in casting cycle through the positive pressure environment after negative pressure after vacuumizing and the pressurization, therefore high especially to the requirement of strength of sand mold, if sand mold intensity is not high, vacuumizing and pressurizeing that this can produce drop, the sand that collapses in a flash, so that foundry goods causes defectives such as burning into sand.Through comparative test, adopting common sand mold and corresponding bonding agent, particularly high grade quartz sand and high strength self-hardening resin is the moulding raw material, its moulding can be born ± the pressure reduction environment of 10kg and not drop, and air permeability and good is arranged.Under the casting high-temperature condition, produce the problem that chemical gas endangers foundry goods for the high strength self-hardening resin, adopted before casting and carry out 5～8 hours technology of temperature timeliness, make it discharge gas and stable moulding in advance.To the sand mold chosen before casting, specialized designs the matched moulds anchor clamps to guarantee the precision and the intensity of sand mold matched moulds.Owing to vacuumize is all air that impossible drain for a full due in the clean casting pot, if the exhaust of small portion of residual air is obstructed, will work the mischief to foundry goods.Therefore, this technology all is provided with rising head, and when making it vacuumize the back casting, the remaining a small amount of gas of die cavity all can be discharged from rising head.Can utilize the sand mold air permeability and good to be discharged for die cavity dead angle micro-air.Because foundry goods solidifies in the environment of pressurization, in the process that obtains the full texture foundry goods, shrinkage factor is very big.Remove under the unimpeded condition of assurance feeding passage, also must ensure enough feeding casting liquid and feeding temperature.For this reason, during this technological design casting system, be provided with " feeding is watered and emitted cup " (see figure 1), to satisfy the needs that foundry goods solidifies feeding.Correct control vacuumizes and the key that is the raising casting quality pressing time, after liquid to be cast fills up die cavity, is pressurized to certain pressure, and pressurize is 5～10 minutes then, puts the gases at high pressure in the casting pot, takes out sand mold, obtains the premium casting blank after the sand removal.
(3) process system principle analysis
Adopt the die cavity of vacuum die casting to select gypsum mould or metal mold usually for use, often can obtain the foundry goods of any surface finish.Yet the shortcoming of gypsum mould or metal mold maximum is not possess degassing function.After casting pot vacuumized, residual air was still in die cavity.In casting cycle, residual gas has increased the metal liquid stream dynamic resistance, will become the inevitable outcome of defective to the exhaust dead angle.This also is the reason that gypsum mould hot investment casting and metal mold hot investment casting only adapt to small-sized thin-section casting.So we select for use sand mold to make mold, successfully solve the sand mold short texture, have certain flexible characteristics, successfully avoided foundry goods to shrink decrepitation.(as Fig. 3,4).
Vacuumize, the main effect that makes the casting environment be in vacuum state is: avoid or reduce molten metal oxidation in casting cycle, guarantee the cleaning of molten metal and avoid foundry goods tissue formation slag inclusion.Reduce the die cavity air drag, improve the casting flowability of molten metal, avoid foundry goods to produce pore and defective.Do not have heat transfer medium, make molten metal in casting cycle, keep stable temperature.Helping controlling foundry goods cools off in proper order.Foundry goods shrinks in the cooled and solidified process, and volume is big more, and shrinkage factor is just big more.Pressurization can make the feeding passage more unimpeded, makes feeding more thorough.The foundry goods liquation of casting is cooled and solidified under pressure, is the effective means that forms the sound casting tissue.
After measured, the heavy 4.5kg of the V-type antenna holder of an ordinary sand casting; And the heavy 5Kg of the v antenna support of sand mould vacuum pressure casting.Thus, as can be seen the product of sand mould vacuum pressure casting than the product of ordinary sand casting than great 10%.
In the sand mould vacuum pressure Casting Equipment of the present invention, sand mold base (1), sand mold (2), foundry goods (3), water and emit cup (4), casting ladle (5), molten metal (6) all is loaded in the casting pot (7), casting pot (7) and door (8) form a system, casting pot (7) has Pressure gauge (9), negative pressure of vacuum table (10), vacuum valve (11), pressure valve (12) is connected with air bleeding valve (13), vacuum valve is by vacuum-pumping tube (14) and vacuum tank (15), vavuum pump (16) is connected, pressure valve is by forcing pipe (17) and pressurized tank (18), air compressor machine (19) is connected, vacuum tank is equipped with pressure vacuum gauge (20), pressurized tank is equipped with safety valve (21) and Pressure gauge (22), and this system operation programs is by operating console (23) control (see figure 5).The equipment of sand mould vacuum pressure casting has well vacuum compression casting equipment and horizontal vacuum compression casting equipment, and the door of well formula or horizontal equipment (8) is opened respectively in the top (see figure 5) of casting pot (7) or side (see figure 6).Closing of casting pot door, available mechanical type manual opens and closes, also available pneumatic, hydraulic pressure, semi-automatic or automatic shutter; The rotation of molten metal casting ladle, available mechanical type manual upset, also available electric hydaulic, semiautomatic control upset; Vacuum Open valve and opened by pressure valve can be with manual, and also available electromagnetic valve is opened automatically; Air compressor machine, vavuum pump all can be provided with automatic control start-stop device.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: that selects that sand mold does that mold successfully solved casting for use moves back card property and venting quality.The sand mold structure is comparatively loose to have certain elasticity, has avoided foundry goods to shrink decrepitation.Vacuumize the oxidation of avoiding or reducing molten metal, guarantee the cleaning of molten metal, foundry goods can not form slag inclusion.Can not produce pore and defective.Molten metal in casting cycle, keep stable temperature be beneficial to control foundry goods cool off in proper order.Pressurization can make the unimpeded feeding of feeding passage thorough.Foundry goods liquation cooled and solidified under pressure forms the high-compactness foundry goods.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a sand mould vacuum pressure casting casting pot schematic diagram
Fig. 2 is a plaster casting casting pot schematic diagram
Fig. 3 is that V-type support foundry goods cools off nonelastic contraction schematic diagram
Fig. 4 is a V-type support foundry goods cooling elastic shrinkage schematic diagram
Fig. 5 is a well vacuum compression casting sketch
Fig. 6 is a horizontal vacuum compression casting sketch
Sequence number among the figure: sand mold base (1), sand mold (2), foundry goods (3), water and emit power (4), casting ladle (5), aluminum melt (6), casting pot (7), door (8), Pressure gauge (9), negative pressure of vacuum table (10), vacuum valve (11), pressure valve (12), air bleeding valve (13), vacuum-pumping tube (14), vacuum tank (15), vavuum pump (16), forcing pipe (17), pressurized tank (18), press (19), pressure vacuum gauge (20), safety valve (21), Pressure gauge (22), operating console (23) is around casting frame (24), metal mold or gypsum mould (25), crackle (26).
The specific embodiment:
In Fig. 1, moulding: with quartz sand is the sand mold raw material, mixes thoroughly with the high strength self-hardening resin, moulding, repaiies type, temperature timeliness.Moulding can bear ± pressure reduction of 1 MPa, temperature timeliness 8 hours, casting pot peripheral hardware Pressure gauge (9), negative pressure of vacuum table (10), vacuum valve (11), pressure valve (12) and air bleeding valve (13), vacuum valve by vacuum tube (14) be connected with vacuum tank (15), vavuum pump (16), pressure valve (12) is connected with pressurized tank (18), air compressor machine (19) by forcing pipe (17), vacuum tank is equipped with Pressure gauge (20), and pressurized tank is equipped with safety valve (21) and Pressure gauge (22).
In Fig. 5, sand mold base (1) is put into casting pot (7), fix sand mold (2) matched moulds.Casting ladle (15) hangs on the casting frame (24), good and sound pouring cup emits cup (4) with watering, the aluminum solutions that refining is good is packed in the casting ladle, rotates with operating console (23) control casting ladle, at the uniform velocity evenly pours into liquation in the die cavity, with ooze completely water emit cup till, the opening pressure valve is increased to 0.8 MPa with pressure in the casting pot in 5 seconds, and pressurize was emitted gases at high pressure after 8 minutes, open casting pot door (8), take out sand mold, sand removal, acquisition blank.The aforesaid operations program is regulated and control by operating console.
Claims (5)
1. sand mould vacuum pressure casting technology, its processing step is as follows:
A. moulding: with normal sands or quartz sand is the sand mold raw material, mixes thoroughly, moulding, repaiies type, temperature timeliness with resin or water;
B. with sand mold location, matched moulds after the timeliness, clamp, install " feeding water emit cup ", place casting pot;
C. will refine good molten metal is placed on the casting frame in the casting pot;
D. close the casting pot door, open vacuum valve, the air in the casting pot was taken out between 0.5～15 second;
E. will be rotated in the molten metal of casting on the frame and at the uniform velocity pour in the die cavity, with " feeding is watered and is emitted cup " ooze full till;
F. open high pressure valve to pressurization, pressurize in the casting pot, pressing time is in 0.5～15 second;
G. put the gas in the casting pot, open casting pot, take out sand mold, can obtain spray after the sand removal.
2. according to the said sand mould vacuum pressure casting technology of claim 1, it is characterized in that: molten metal, sand mold be with placing casting pot, and casting vacuumizes the time limit in 8 seconds kinds, after the casting under vacuum state, cooled and solidified under pressure state, the pressurization time limit is in 8 seconds.
3. according to the said sand mould vacuum pressure casting technology of claim 1, it is characterized in that: before the casting sand mold was carried out the temperature timeliness 5～8 hours.
4. according to claim 1 described sand mould vacuum pressure Casting Equipment, it is characterized in that: sand mold base (1), sand mold (2), water and emit cup (4), casting ladle (5), molten metal (6) all is loaded in the casting pot (7), casting pot and door (8) form a system, casting pot has Pressure gauge (9) negative pressure of vacuum table (10), vacuum valve (11), pressure valve (12) is connected with air bleeding valve (13), vacuum valve is by vacuum-pumping tube (14) and vacuum tank (15), vavuum pump (16) is connected, pressure valve (12) is by forcing pipe (17) and pressurized tank (18), air compressor machine (19) is connected, vacuum tank (15) is equipped with pressure vacuum gauge (20), pressurized tank is equipped with safety valve (21) and Pressure gauge (22), and this system operation programs is controlled by operating console (23).
5. sand mould vacuum pressure Casting Equipment according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: this equipment divides well vacuum compression casting equipment and horizontal vacuum compression casting equipment, and the door (8) of well formula or horizontal vacuum compression casting is opened top or the side at casting pot (7) respectively.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02133367 CN1203945C (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2002-06-28 | Sand mould vacuum pressure casting technology and equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02133367 CN1203945C (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2002-06-28 | Sand mould vacuum pressure casting technology and equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1465458A true CN1465458A (en) | 2004-01-07 |
| CN1203945C CN1203945C (en) | 2005-06-01 |
Family
ID=34145540
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02133367 Expired - Fee Related CN1203945C (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2002-06-28 | Sand mould vacuum pressure casting technology and equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1203945C (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100464899C (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2009-03-04 | 济南铸锻所捷迈机械有限公司 | An aluminum alloy vacuum pouring device |
| CN103433479A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2013-12-11 | 河南正旭精密制造有限公司 | Thin-wall part casting process and casting cabin |
| CN105014042A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-11-04 | 烟台祥平冶金设备制造有限公司 | Pressure reduction-pressurization casting equipment and pressure reduction-pressurization casting technology |
| CN107243620A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-10-13 | 霍山县忠福机电科技有限公司 | A kind of wind-driven generator group wheel box high-pressure casting method |
| CN110026541A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-19 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | The vacuum melting of ultra-thin-wall high-air-tightness Al-alloy parts, pressure changeable coagulation forming method |
| CN110560667A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2019-12-13 | 张志国 | Vacuum-pressure conversion casting infiltration method and equipment for metal matrix ceramic composite material |
| CN110918963A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-03-27 | 成都新航工业科技有限公司 | Casting ladle and casting equipment |
| CN112719251A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-30 | 盐城瑞德石化机械有限公司 | Casting equipment for processing large-caliber high-pressure low-torque gate valve |
| CN114289705A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-08 | 江苏永瀚特种合金技术股份有限公司 | Process method for reducing shrinkage porosity in gravity casting process |
-
2002
- 2002-06-28 CN CN 02133367 patent/CN1203945C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100464899C (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2009-03-04 | 济南铸锻所捷迈机械有限公司 | An aluminum alloy vacuum pouring device |
| CN103433479A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2013-12-11 | 河南正旭精密制造有限公司 | Thin-wall part casting process and casting cabin |
| CN103433479B (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2015-07-08 | 河南正旭精密制造有限公司 | Thin-wall part casting process and casting cabin |
| CN105014042A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-11-04 | 烟台祥平冶金设备制造有限公司 | Pressure reduction-pressurization casting equipment and pressure reduction-pressurization casting technology |
| CN107243620A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-10-13 | 霍山县忠福机电科技有限公司 | A kind of wind-driven generator group wheel box high-pressure casting method |
| CN110560667A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2019-12-13 | 张志国 | Vacuum-pressure conversion casting infiltration method and equipment for metal matrix ceramic composite material |
| CN110026541A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-19 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | The vacuum melting of ultra-thin-wall high-air-tightness Al-alloy parts, pressure changeable coagulation forming method |
| CN110918963A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-03-27 | 成都新航工业科技有限公司 | Casting ladle and casting equipment |
| CN112719251A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-30 | 盐城瑞德石化机械有限公司 | Casting equipment for processing large-caliber high-pressure low-torque gate valve |
| CN114289705A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-08 | 江苏永瀚特种合金技术股份有限公司 | Process method for reducing shrinkage porosity in gravity casting process |
| CN114289705B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-11-03 | 江苏永瀚特种合金技术股份有限公司 | Process method for reducing shrinkage porosity in gravity casting process |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1203945C (en) | 2005-06-01 |
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Assignee: Chengdu Fujiang Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd Assignor: Li Zeqi Contract fulfillment period: 2006.3.1 to 2015.3.1 contract change Contract record no.: 2009510000141 Denomination of invention: Sand mould vacuum pressure casting technology and equipment Granted publication date: 20050601 License type: Exclusive license Record date: 2009.11.3 |
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| LIC | Patent licence contract for exploitation submitted for record |
Free format text: EXCLUSIVE LICENSE; TIME LIMIT OF IMPLEMENTING CONTACT: 2006.3.1 TO 2015.3.1; CHANGE OF CONTRACT Name of requester: CHENGDU FUJIANG MACHINERY MANUFACTURING CO., LTD. Effective date: 20091103 |
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Granted publication date: 20050601 Termination date: 20110628 |