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CN1441074A - Prepn process of Mg-based composite material - Google Patents

Prepn process of Mg-based composite material Download PDF

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CN1441074A
CN1441074A CN 03116167 CN03116167A CN1441074A CN 1441074 A CN1441074 A CN 1441074A CN 03116167 CN03116167 CN 03116167 CN 03116167 A CN03116167 A CN 03116167A CN 1441074 A CN1441074 A CN 1441074A
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powder
reaction system
magnesium
ball milling
melt
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CN1203201C (en
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张修庆
王浩伟
马乃恒
滕新营
易宏展
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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Abstract

The preparing process of Mg-base composite material includes the following technological steps: compounding reinforcing phase reaction system powder; ball grinding to activate the reaction system powder, controlling ball grinding time, rotation speed and ball/material ratio to control particle size and stored energy and pressing the powder into prefabricated block; smelting magnesium substrate material; melting the prefabricated block into magnesium melt at proper temperature to produce in-situ reaction and to form reinforcing phase, stirring to disperse the particles homogeneously and performing the melting reaction of the reaction system; and casting the melt after being let stand to form. The reinforcing phase is fine, homogeneously distributed and excellent in interface binding, and the Mg-base composite material has excellent mechanical performance and may be used widely.

Description

The technology of preparation magnesium base composite material
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of technology for preparing magnesium base composite material, and particularly a kind of mechanical ball milling prepares the technology of in-situ particle reinforced magnesium-based composite material, belongs to the material field.
Background technology
The preparation magnesium base composite material mainly is that application adds particle or fiber strengthens at present; its main preparation method has stirring casting, pressure impregnation method, powder metallurgic method etc.; these production technique are more complicated mostly; the cost height; and it is big to add the enhanced granule granularity; the interface is in conjunction with bad, and material mechanical performance is poor.The in-situ preparing matrix material is the new preparation method that development in recent years is got up, and it is tiny that it has the enhanced granule granularity of preparation, and interface junction gets togather, the characteristics that the material over-all properties is high.Also can prepare the magnesium base composite material of high comprehensive performance so utilize in-situ techniques.Mechanical ball milling can be laid in lot of energy in by the powder of ball milling, activation is reduced the required critical energy of chemical reaction in the powdered reaction system by ball-milled powder.People such as Xi Yulin are on " heat processing technique " calendar year 2001 the 5th phase P24~26, deliver " research that powder metallurgic method prepares SiC particle reinforced magnesium base compound material technology and performance " literary composition, this article introduction comes to have prepared the technology of magnesium base composite material with mechanical ball milling mixed magnesium powder and SiC particle.But just with ball milling mix, refinement SiC and magnesium powder particles, prepared matrix material with powder metallurgy process then, the bigger and magnesium matrix of particle is in conjunction with also bad.But the powder systems of utilizing mechanical ball milling to make can not to react in the magnesium melt under the normal condition can take place in the magnesium melt behind the ball milling, and original position is synthesized wild phase.And with mechanical ball milling processing reaction system can by factors such as control ball milling time, rotating speed, ratio of grinding media to material control granular size and energy storage what, and then influence the level of response of reaction system in the magnesium melt.So can the better magnesium base composite material of processability with the mechanical ball milling method.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art, a kind of technology for preparing magnesium base composite material is provided, make it prepare in-situ particle reinforced magnesium-based composite material by mechanical ball milling, it is tiny that the magnesium base composite material of preparation has a wild phase particle, be evenly distributed, the interface combination is good, the characteristics that material property is good.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, and processing step of the present invention is as follows:
(1) determines the composition of the alloying element in the matrix material according to the alloy element component of stipulating in the standard magnesium alloy trade mark, and select TiC, ZrC, TiB according to the wettability between matrix and the wild phase 2Or ZrB 2As wild phase, the wild phase granule content is controlled at 2~15%.According to above requirement preparation wild phase reaction system powder.
Reaction system is to contain the compound powder of magnesium base composite material wild phase component and the alloying element powder of magnesium alloy, can select for use the powder more than three kinds or three kinds wherein such as aluminium powder, titanium valve, carbon dust, zirconium powder, boron carbide powder, titanium oxide powder, boron oxide powder, magnesium powder as the reaction system raw material powder, require the design reaction system according to the kind of the wild phase of matrix material and the component content of alloying element, for example select for use the magnalium base then to select for use aluminium powder to make the reaction system powder, select the magnesium zinc-base to select for use zinc powder to make the reaction system powder as matrix as matrix; Select for use the compound of titanium to select titanium valve anabolic reaction system powder for use, select for use the compound of zirconium to make wild phase and then select zirconium powder anabolic reaction system powder for use as wild phase.
(2) adopt mechanical ball milling that the good wild phase reaction system powder of proportioning is carried out activation treatment, control granular size and energy storage by control ball milling time, rotating speed, ratio of grinding media to material, make the reaction system energy storage reach a criticality, but synthetic wild phase does not also react, improve the activity of powdered reaction system, the reaction system powder compression of selecting for use suitable pressure that mechanical ball milling is handled again becomes prefabricated section.
The mechanical ball milling selected parameter is: rotational speed of ball-mill is 250~600r/min, ball milling time 30~1200min, ratio of grinding media to material 5: 1~50: 1.Mechanical ball milling finishes the back and take out powder under protective atmosphere, and the reaction system powder compression of selecting for use suitable pressure that mechanical ball milling is handled becomes blocky prefabricated section, and selecting compacting pressure for use is 5~30MPa, and the dwell time is 30~600s.Reaction system powder compression piece adopts protection of inert gas to deposit.
(3) carry out the melting of magnesium matrix material.In fusion process, add ignition-proof element beryllium, calcium etc. and prevent the melt burning, adopt gas or flux protection in the fusion process respectively.
(4) choose suitable melt temperature, mechanical ball milling reaction system prefabricated powder block is fused in the magnesium melt, make ball-milled powder that reaction in take place in the magnesium melt and form wild phase, relend and help stirring technique to make particles dispersed even, carry out the fusion reaction process of reaction system.
The reaction system prefabricated powder block was at first dried 1~3 hour in 150 ℃~250 ℃ scope, made the prefabricated section thorough drying.The temperature of magnesium melt has very big influence to the fusion and the reaction of reaction system prefabricated powder block, and the too low then fusion of temperature is slow, and reaction can not be carried out, and so not only prolongs the process time, reduces production efficiency, and can not synthesize the wild phase of expection.Temperature too Gao Zehui causes and not only increases the burning of magnesium oxide inclusion, and increased danger, so it is important to choose suitable melt temperature.The melt temperature that the present invention chooses is 740 ℃~800 ℃.Setting under the melt temperature, the reaction system prefabricated powder block is added in the magnesium melt, insulation 10~60min stirs then.Utilize to stir fully carrying out of to promote to react, make to react completely, can promote that particulate fully disperses, particle disperse in magnesium matrix is distributed, prevent that particulate from reuniting again.Also there are bigger influence churning time intensity and time to material, stirring intensity helps particulate to disperse greatly, but also increase the chance that particle collides in melt, increase and reunite, otherwise stirring intensity is little then not obvious to reaction process and particles dispersed effect, so it is very important to the preparation of material to choose suitable stirring velocity; Churning time is short, and particles dispersed is inhomogeneous, and sedimentation phenomenon is obvious, reduces the particulate recovery rate, on the contrary the oversize oxidation that then can increase melt.The mixing speed that the present invention chooses is 200~1000r/min.Churning time is 10~60min.
(5) melt is left standstill the back cast, casting, it is tiny to prepare the wild phase particle, the magnesium base composite material that is evenly distributed.The melt dwell temperature is 700 ℃~800 ℃, and time of repose is 5~20min, and cast can be selected metal mold or sand mold for use.
The present invention has substantive distinguishing features and marked improvement, the present invention utilizes the mechanical ball milling pre-treatment and is aided with stirring, choose suitable ball milling factor, grain volume fraction, melt temperature, it is tiny that churning time has been prepared the wild phase particle, be evenly distributed, the interface is in conjunction with good, and magnesium base composite material with good mechanical performance, for the preparation magnesium base composite material opens up a new way, for magnesium base composite material is laid a good foundation in the widespread use in fields such as space flight and aviation, automobile, computer, network technology.
Embodiment
The present invention adopts mechanical ball milling pretreatment reaction system to prepare in-situ particle enhanced magnesium base composite material, and the wild phase particle in the matrix material is tiny, and is evenly distributed in matrix, and matrix material has the good mechanical performance.Provide following examples in conjunction with content of the present invention:
Embodiment 1 adopts pure magnesium as the original substrate material, with aluminium powder, titanium valve, boron monoxide is divided into reaction system prefabricated section raw material, mechanical ball milling is with rotational speed of ball-mill 250r/min, 5: 1 batch mixing 30min of ratio of grinding media to material, get powder then, pressure with 5MPa is suppressed, pressurize 30s, the reaction system prefabricated section that suppresses 150 ℃ of pre-treatment 1 hour, is put into the reaction system prefabricated section 740 ℃ magnesium melt then, stir behind the insulation 10min, the steel oar stirs with 200r/min, churning time is 10min, leaves standstill the 5min cast behind the stirring 10min, and preparation quality percentage ratio is 5% (TiB 2+ TiC) mix enhanced magnalium based composites.The tensile strength of material is 268MPa, and unit elongation is 1.6%.
Embodiment 2 adopts pure magnesium as the original substrate material, with aluminium powder, titanium valve, carbon dust is divided into reaction system prefabricated section raw material, mechanical ball milling is with rotational speed of ball-mill 400r/min, 20: 1 batch mixings of ratio of grinding media to material 2 hours, get powder then, pressure with 15MPa is suppressed, pressurize 250s, the reaction system prefabricated section that suppresses 200 ℃ of pre-treatment 2 hours, is put into the reaction system prefabricated section 760 ℃ magnesium melt then, stir behind the insulation 40min, the steel oar stirs with 500r/min, churning time is 30min, leaves standstill the 15min cast behind the stirring 30min, and preparation quality percentage ratio is 5% TiC mixing enhanced magnalium based composites.The tensile strength of material is 255MPa, and unit elongation is 2.8%.
Embodiment 3 adopts pure magnesium as the original substrate material, with zinc powder, titanium valve, carbon dust is divided into reaction system prefabricated section raw material, mechanical ball milling is with rotational speed of ball-mill 400r/min, 20: 1 batch mixings of ratio of grinding media to material 2 hours, get powder then, pressure with 15MPa is suppressed, pressurize 250s, the reaction system prefabricated section that suppresses 200 ℃ of pre-treatment 2 hours, is put into the reaction system prefabricated section 760 ℃ magnesium melt then, stir behind the insulation 40min, the steel oar stirs with 500r/min, churning time is 30min, leaves standstill the 15min cast behind the stirring 30min, and preparation quality percentage ratio is 5% TiC mixing enhanced magnesium Zinc-base compounded material.The tensile strength of material is 245MPa, and unit elongation is 2.6%.
Embodiment 4 adopts pure magnesium as the original substrate material, with aluminium powder, zirconium powder, carbon dust is divided into reaction system prefabricated section raw material, mechanical ball milling is with rotational speed of ball-mill 400r/min, 25: 1 batch mixings of ratio of grinding media to material 2 hours, get powder then, pressure with 15MPa is suppressed, pressurize 250s, the reaction system prefabricated section that suppresses 200 ℃ of pre-treatment 2 hours, is put into the reaction system prefabricated section 760 ℃ magnesium melt then, stir behind the insulation 45min, the steel oar stirs with 400r/min, churning time is 30min, leaves standstill the 15min cast behind the stirring 30min, and preparation quality percentage ratio is 5% ZrC mixing enhanced magnesium base composite material.The tensile strength of material is 243MPa, and unit elongation is 2.4%.
Embodiment 5 adopts pure magnesium as the original substrate material, with aluminium powder, titanium valve, boron monoxide is divided into reaction system prefabricated section raw material, mechanical ball milling is with rotational speed of ball-mill 1000r/min, 50: 1 batch mixing 1200min of ratio of grinding media to material, get powder then, pressure with 30MPa is suppressed, pressurize 600s, with 250 ℃ of pre-treatment of reaction system prefabricated section of suppressing 3 hours, then the reaction system prefabricated section is put into 800 ℃ magnesium melt, stir behind the insulation 60min, the steel oar stirs with 1000r/min, churning time is 60min, leaves standstill the 20min cast behind the stirring 60min, and preparation quality percentage ratio is 5% (TiB 2+ TiC) mix the enhanced magnesium base composite material.The tensile strength of material is 225MPa, and unit elongation is 1.4%.

Claims (8)

1、一种制备镁基复合材料的工艺,其特征在于工艺步骤如下:1. A process for preparing magnesium-based composite materials, characterized in that the process steps are as follows: (1)根据复合材料中基体成分、增强颗粒类型及含量,配制增强相反应体系粉末;(1) According to the matrix composition, type and content of reinforcing particles in the composite material, prepare the powder of the reinforcing phase reaction system; (2)采用机械球磨对配比好的增强相反应体系粉末进行活化处理,通过控制机械球磨时间、转速、球料比来控制颗粒大小和储能,使反应体系储达到一个临界状态,再选用合适的压力将机械球磨处理的反应体系粉末压制成预制块;(2) Use mechanical ball milling to activate the powder of the reinforced phase reaction system with a good ratio, and control the particle size and energy storage by controlling the mechanical ball milling time, speed, and ball-to-material ratio, so that the reaction system storage reaches a critical state, and then select Appropriate pressure to press the powder of the reaction system treated by mechanical ball milling into a prefabricated block; (3)进行镁基体材料的熔炼;(3) Carry out the smelting of magnesium matrix material; (4)选取熔体温度,将机械球磨反应体系粉末预制块熔解到镁熔体中,球磨粉末在镁熔体中发生原位反应形成增强相,再进行搅拌使颗粒分散均匀,进行反应体系的熔解反应过程;(4) Select the melt temperature, melt the powder prefabricated block of the mechanical ball milling reaction system into the magnesium melt, and the ball milling powder reacts in situ in the magnesium melt to form a reinforcing phase, and then stir to make the particles uniformly dispersed, and carry out the reaction system. Melting reaction process; (5)将熔体静置后浇注,铸造成型,制备出镁基复合材料。(5) The melt is left to stand, poured, cast and formed, and the magnesium-based composite material is prepared. 2、根据权利要求1所述的制备镁基复合材料的工艺,其特征是,反应体系是含有镁基复合材料增强相组成元素的化合物粉末和镁合金的合金元素粉末,选用铝粉、钛粉、碳粉、锆粉、碳化硼粉、氧化钛粉、氧化硼粉、镁粉中的三种或三种以上的粉末作为原料粉末。2. The process for preparing magnesium-based composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the reaction system is a compound powder containing elements of the reinforcement phase of the magnesium-based composite material and alloy element powders of magnesium alloys, and aluminum powder and titanium powder are selected. , carbon powder, zirconium powder, boron carbide powder, titanium oxide powder, boron oxide powder, and magnesium powder are three or more powders as the raw material powder. 3、根据权利要求1所述的制备镁基复合材料的工艺,其特征是,步骤(1)中,根据复合材料的增强相的种类和合金元素的成分含量要求设计反应体系,如:选用镁铝基作为基体则选用铝粉作反应体系粉末,选镁锌基作为基体选用锌粉作反应体系粉末;选用钛的化合物作增强相选用钛粉组成反应体系粉末,选用锆的化合物作增强相则选用锆粉组成反应体系粉末。3. The process for preparing magnesium-based composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (1), the reaction system is designed according to the type of reinforcing phase of the composite material and the composition content requirements of alloy elements, such as: select magnesium Aluminum base is used as the matrix, aluminum powder is used as the reaction system powder, magnesium zinc base is selected as the matrix, zinc powder is used as the reaction system powder; titanium compound is used as the reinforcing phase, titanium powder is used to form the reaction system powder, and zirconium compound is used as the reinforcing phase. Zirconium powder is selected to form the reaction system powder. 4、根据权利要求1所述的制备镁基复合材料的工艺,其特征是,步骤(2)中,机械球磨选用参数为:球磨转速为250~600r/min,球磨时间30~1200min,球料比5∶1~50∶1,机械球磨结束后在保护气氛下取出粉末,将机械球磨处理的反应体系粉末压制成块状的预制块,选用压制压强为5~30MPa,保压时间为30~600s,反应体系粉末预制块采用惰性气体保护存放。4. The process for preparing magnesium-based composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step (2), the selection parameters of mechanical ball milling are as follows: ball milling speed is 250-600r/min, ball milling time is 30-1200min, ball material Ratio 5:1~50:1, take out the powder under protective atmosphere after mechanical ball milling, press the reaction system powder processed by mechanical ball milling into block-shaped prefabricated blocks, select the pressing pressure of 5-30MPa, and the holding time of 30-30MPa 600s, the powder prefabricated blocks of the reaction system are stored under the protection of inert gas. 5、根据权利要求1所述的制备镁基复合材料的工艺,其特征是,步骤(3)中,在熔炼过程中添加阻燃元素铍、钙防止熔体燃烧,熔炼过程中分别采用气体或熔剂保护。5. The process for preparing magnesium-based composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step (3), flame-retardant elements beryllium and calcium are added during the smelting process to prevent the melt from burning, and gas or calcium are respectively used in the smelting process Flux protection. 6、根据权利要求1所述的制备镁基复合材料的工艺,其特征是,步骤(4)中,反应体系粉末预制块首先在150℃~250℃的范围内烘干1~3小时,使预制块充分干燥。6. The process for preparing magnesium-based composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (4), the powder prefabricated blocks of the reaction system are first dried in the range of 150°C to 250°C for 1 to 3 hours, so that The prefabricated blocks are fully dry. 7、根据权利要求1所述的制备镁基复合材料的工艺,其特征是,步骤(4)中,选取的熔体温度为740℃~800℃,在设定熔体温度下,将反应体系粉末预制块加入镁熔体中,保温10~60min,然后进行搅拌,选取的搅拌转速为200~1000r/min,搅拌时间为10~60min。7. The process for preparing magnesium-based composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (4), the selected melt temperature is 740°C to 800°C, and the reaction system is Add the powder prefabricated block into the magnesium melt, keep it warm for 10-60 minutes, and then stir, the selected stirring speed is 200-1000r/min, and the stirring time is 10-60 minutes. 8、根据权利要求1所述的制备镁基复合材料的工艺,其特征是,步骤(5)中,熔体静置温度为700℃~800℃,静置时间为5~20min,浇注选用金属型或砂型。8. The process for preparing magnesium-based composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step (5), the resting temperature of the melt is 700°C-800°C, the resting time is 5-20min, and metal mold or sand mold.
CN 03116167 2003-04-03 2003-04-03 Prepn process of Mg-based composite material Expired - Fee Related CN1203201C (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1298879C (en) * 2004-02-19 2007-02-07 上海交通大学 Process of preparing composite material with in situ particle inhancing magnesium base
CN1327021C (en) * 2004-07-22 2007-07-18 同济大学 Process for preparing magnesium alloy and its composite material
CN100425720C (en) * 2005-03-31 2008-10-15 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 Creep resistant magnesium alloy materials
CN100432267C (en) * 2006-09-22 2008-11-12 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 High-strength magnesium based composite material and preparation method thereof
CN102787252A (en) * 2012-08-14 2012-11-21 大连理工大学 Method for In Situ Preparation of TiB2 Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composite
CN103464728A (en) * 2013-08-28 2013-12-25 西北工业大学 Magnesium matrix composite forming device and method for forming magnesium matrix composite by device
CN105603228A (en) * 2016-01-28 2016-05-25 大连理工大学 Preparation method of in-situ nanoparticle reinforced magnesium-based composite
CN105695781A (en) * 2016-01-28 2016-06-22 大连理工大学 Preparation method of high-performance in-situ nanoparticle reinforced magnesium matrix composite
WO2021035774A1 (en) * 2019-08-29 2021-03-04 东北大学 Preparation method for lithium-containing magnesium/aluminum-based composite material
CN113976841A (en) * 2021-12-24 2022-01-28 河北钢研德凯科技有限公司北京分公司 Protective agent for magnesium alloy melt pouring, magnesium alloy casting and preparation method thereof

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1298879C (en) * 2004-02-19 2007-02-07 上海交通大学 Process of preparing composite material with in situ particle inhancing magnesium base
CN1327021C (en) * 2004-07-22 2007-07-18 同济大学 Process for preparing magnesium alloy and its composite material
CN100425720C (en) * 2005-03-31 2008-10-15 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 Creep resistant magnesium alloy materials
CN100432267C (en) * 2006-09-22 2008-11-12 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 High-strength magnesium based composite material and preparation method thereof
CN102787252B (en) * 2012-08-14 2014-05-21 大连理工大学 Method for In Situ Preparation of TiB2 Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composite
CN102787252A (en) * 2012-08-14 2012-11-21 大连理工大学 Method for In Situ Preparation of TiB2 Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composite
CN103464728A (en) * 2013-08-28 2013-12-25 西北工业大学 Magnesium matrix composite forming device and method for forming magnesium matrix composite by device
CN105603228A (en) * 2016-01-28 2016-05-25 大连理工大学 Preparation method of in-situ nanoparticle reinforced magnesium-based composite
CN105695781A (en) * 2016-01-28 2016-06-22 大连理工大学 Preparation method of high-performance in-situ nanoparticle reinforced magnesium matrix composite
CN105603228B (en) * 2016-01-28 2017-08-01 大连理工大学 A kind of preparation method of in-situ nanoparticle reinforced magnesium matrix composite material
WO2021035774A1 (en) * 2019-08-29 2021-03-04 东北大学 Preparation method for lithium-containing magnesium/aluminum-based composite material
CN113976841A (en) * 2021-12-24 2022-01-28 河北钢研德凯科技有限公司北京分公司 Protective agent for magnesium alloy melt pouring, magnesium alloy casting and preparation method thereof
CN113976841B (en) * 2021-12-24 2023-03-21 河北钢研德凯科技有限公司北京分公司 Protective agent for magnesium alloy melt pouring, magnesium alloy casting and preparation method thereof

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