CN1368946A - 新型选择性视黄醛激动剂 - Google Patents
新型选择性视黄醛激动剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1368946A CN1368946A CN00811256A CN00811256A CN1368946A CN 1368946 A CN1368946 A CN 1368946A CN 00811256 A CN00811256 A CN 00811256A CN 00811256 A CN00811256 A CN 00811256A CN 1368946 A CN1368946 A CN 1368946A
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- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- alkyl
- compound
- indenes
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Abstract
本发明涉及通式(I)的RAR选择性视黄醛激动剂,其中各符号与说明书中的指定的一样,涉及它们的药物学上可接受的盐,各异构体或外消旋或非外消旋混合物;涉及含有它们的药物组合物,和涉及它们作为治疗剂使用的方法。
Description
本发明涉及新型RAR选择性视黄醛(retinoid)激动剂,这些视黄酸受体激动剂,尤其视黄酸受体γ(RARγ)选择性激动剂用于治疗肺气肿的用途。
慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)是发病率和死亡率的主要原因,分别在欧盟和北美排在主要死亡原因的第三和第四位。COPD以最大呼气流量减少,并在几个月内没有变化和持续2年或2年以上为特征。最严重的COPD病人一般存在显著程度的肺气肿。肺气肿在解剖学上通过终末细支气管远端的气道持久扩大来定义。它是以肺弹性回缩的逐渐丧失、肺泡破坏、肺泡表面积和气体交换减少为特征,导致FEV1(第1秒用力呼气量)降低。气体交换障碍和呼气流速降低这两种特征是患有肺气肿病人的特征性生理异常。严重肺气肿病人的主要症状是低体力活动时气短。
肺气肿的最普通原因是吸烟,虽然其它潜在环境毒素也可以引起。这些各种损伤因子激活了肺中的破坏过程,包括释放活性蛋白酶和自由基氧化剂,超过了保护机理。蛋白酶/抗蛋白酶水平失衡导致了弹性蛋白基质破坏,弹性回缩丧失,组织破坏和肺功能的连续下降。损伤因子的去除(即戒烟)减缓了破坏的速度,然而,破坏的肺泡结构不会修复和肺功能不会恢复。
视黄酸是细胞行为的多功能调节剂,具有改变细胞外基质代谢和正常上皮的分化的潜力。在肺中,视黄酸已经显示了通过与选择性表达的特殊视黄酸受体(RAR)的暂时和空间作用来调节各方面的肺分化。RARβ和RARγ的配位活化已经与肺分支和肺泡化/分隔相关。在肺泡分隔过程中,视黄酸储备粒子增加了包围肺泡壁的成纤维细胞的间充质和在肺峰中的RARγ表达。这些视黄基酯储存粒子的消耗与新弹性蛋白基质的沉积和分隔同时进行。为支持这一概念,(Massaro等人,Am.J.Physiol.,1996,270,L305-L310)证明了视黄酸的出生后施用会增加鼠的肺泡数目。此外,地塞米松在防止CRBP和RARmRNA的表达和以后在生成鼠肺过程中的肺泡分隔上的能力可通过全反式视黄酸来废除。
最近的研究表明,全反式视黄酸在肺气肿的动物模型中能够诱发新肺泡的形成并让弹性回缩(elastic recoil)恢复到接近正常的水平(D.Massaro等人,Nature Medicine,1997,3,675)。然而,其中的机理仍然不清楚。
视黄醛是一类在结构上与维生素A(视黄醇)相关的化合物,包括天然和合成的化合物。若干系列的视黄醛已经发现在临床上可用于治疗皮肤和肿瘤疾病。视黄酸和它的其它天然的视黄醛类似物(9-顺式视黄酸,全反式3,4-二脱水视黄酸,4-氧代视黄酸和视黄醇)是多向性调节化合物,它能够调节各种炎症性的、免疫性的和结构性的细胞的结构和功能。它们是肺脏中上皮细胞增生、分化和形态形成的重要调节剂。视黄醛通过一系列激素核受体来发挥它们的生物效应,它们是属于类固醇/甲状腺受体总类中的配合体可诱导的转录因子。该视黄醛受体被分成两个类,视黄酸受体(RAR)和视黄醛X受体(RXR),每一个类由三个不同的亚型(α,β和γ)组成。RAR基因种类中的每个亚型为由于两个原始RNA转录的差别拼接所形成的不同数目的异化形式进行编码。全反式视黄酸是视黄酸受体的生理性激素并以大致相当的亲和力结合于三种RAR亚型,但不结合于RXR受体,对于该受体来说,9-顺式视黄酸是天然的配体。
在许多不属于肺部的组织中,视黄醛有消炎效果,改变上皮细胞分化的进程,和抑制基质性的细胞基质产生。这些性质已经导致了有关皮肤病如牛皮癣、痤疮和过度生长的皮肤伤疤的局部和系统性视黄醛治疗的发展。其它的应用包括急性早幼粒细胞性白血病,腺和鳞状细胞癌,和肝脏纤维变性的控制。视黄醛在癌症以外的治疗用途的限制是基于用天然视黄醛即全反式视黄酸和9-顺式视黄酸所观察到的相对毒度。这些天然的配体是非选择性的,因此在整个身体中具有多向性效应,常常是有毒性的。最近,各种视黄醛对于选择性地相互作用或具体地说与RAR或RXR受体或与一类中的特定亚型(α,β,γ)的相互作用已有描述。
因此,根据本发明的视黄醛能够进一步用于治疗和预防那些伴随有上皮损坏(例如痤疮和牛皮癣,光损坏和老化损坏的皮肤)的皮肤疾病;以及促进伤口愈合,例如切开伤口,如外科手术后伤口,由烧伤引起的伤口和由皮肤外伤引起的其它伤口;和用于治疗和预防恶变和恶变前的上皮损害,在嘴,舌,喉,食道,膀胱,宫颈和结肠中粘膜的肿瘤和癌变前的变化。
其中虚线键或者存在并形成双键,或者不存在;
R1、R2、R3、R4彼此独立是氢或烷基;
对于n=1,2或3,X是R8R9C<;或者
对于n=1,X是氧;
R8和R9彼此独立是氢或烷基;
R5是氢,烷基,烷氧基,烷氧基-烷基-,烷基硫基,烷基-NR10-,烯基,烯氧基,炔基,苄基,环烷基-烷基,苯基-烷基,
R10是氢或烷基;
当虚线键存在时,m=0;
当虚线键不存在时,m=1;
其中Ar是苯基或杂芳环;
R6是氢、卤素、烷氧基或羟基;
R7是氢或烷基;和
Y是-COO-,-OCO-,-CONR10-,-NR10CO-,-CH=CH-,-C≡C-,-COCH=CH-,-CHOHCH=CH-,-CH2O-,-CH2S-,-CH2SO-,-CH2SO2-,-CH2NR10-,-OCH2-,-SCH2-,-SOCH2-,-SO2CH2-或者-NR10CH2-,条件是当Y是-OCO-,-NR10CO-,-OCH2-,-SCH2-,-SOCH2-,-SO2CH2-或者-NR10CH2-时,R5是氢,烷基,烷氧基-烷基-,烯基,炔基,苄基,环烷基-烷基或苯基-烷基;
以及结构式I的羧酸的药学活性盐。
这里使用的术语“烷基”表示含有1-10,优选1-7个碳原子的直链或支化烷基残基,如甲基,乙基,异丁基,戊基,正戊基(amyl)和3-戊基,己基,庚基等;烷基链可以被氨基、羟基、卤素取代。这些基团例如是羟甲基,2-羟乙基,3-羟丙基,4-羟丁基,氨基甲基,2-氨基乙基等。
这里所使用的术语“烷氧基”是指直链或支链烃氧基,其中“烷基”部分是如上定义的烷基。实例包括甲氧基,乙氧基,正丙氧基等。
这里所使用的术语“烷氧基-烷基-”是指二烷基醚残基,如甲氧基甲基,甲氧基乙基,甲氧基丙基,乙氧基甲基,乙氧基乙基,甲氧基乙氧基甲基等。
这里所使用的术语“烷基硫基”是指直链或支链烃硫基,其中“烷基”部分是如上定义的烷基。实例包括甲基硫基,乙基硫基,丙基硫基等。
这里所使用的术语“烯基”是指具有2-8个碳原子,优选2-4个碳原子,并具有至少一个烯属双键的直链或支化烃链基团,例如烯丙基,乙烯基等。
这里所使用的术语:“烯氧基”是指直链或支链烃氧基,其中“烯基”部分是以上定义的烯基。实例包括烯丙基氧基,3-丁烯基氧基等。
这里所使用的术语“炔基”是指具有2-8个碳原子,优选2-4个碳原子,并且具有至少一个三键的直链或支化烃链基团。
这里使用的术语“环烷基-烷基”是指携带具有3-7个碳原子的环烷基的如以上定义的烷基,例如环丙基甲基,环丁基甲基,环戊基甲基,环己基甲基,环丙基乙基,环丁基乙基,环戊基乙基,环己基乙基等。
这里使用的术语“苯基-烷基”是指具有连接于端C原子的苯基的如以上定义的烷基,如苄基,苯乙基,苯丙基等,苯基可以是未取代的或者被烷基或烷氧基所取代。
这里所使用的术语“杂芳环”是指含有选自氧、硫和氮的至少一个杂原子的5-或6-元杂芳环,例如是指吡啶基,呋喃基或噻吩基。
其中R7是氢的结构式I的化合物与药物学上可接受的碱形成盐,如碱金属盐,例如Na和K盐,以及铵或取代的铵盐如三甲基铵盐,它们也在本发明的范围内。
优选的结构式I的化合物是下式的化合物:
其中
虚线键或者存在并形成双键,或者不存在;
R1、R2、R3、R4彼此独立是氢或烷基;
对于n=1,2或3,X是R8R9C<;或者
对于n=1,X是氧;
R5是氢,烷基,烷氧基,烯基,烯氧基,炔基,苄基,环烷基-烷基或苯基-烷基;
m是0,当虚线键存在时;或者
m是1,当虚线键不存在时;
Ar是苯基或者杂芳环;
R6是氢、卤素、烷氧基或羟基;
R7是氢或烷基;
R8和R9彼此独立是氢或烷基;和
Y是-COO-,-OCO-,-CONH-,-NHCO-,-CH=CH-,-C≡C-,-COCH=CH-,-CHOHCH=CH-,-CH2O-,-CH2S-,或-CH2NH-;条件是当Y是-OCO-或-NHCO-时,R5是氢,烷基,烯基,炔基,苄基,环烷基-烷基或苯基-烷基;
以及结构式I-1的羧酸的药学活性盐。
其中各符号如以上所定义,X2是氧或-NH-和Z是氧,硫或-NH-;
以及结构式IA-IH的羧酸的药学活性盐。
在结构式IB、IE和IF的化合物中的双键可以形成E/Z混合物或者是E或Z构型的,优选E构型的。
优选的化合物是其中X是R8R9C<和n是1或2的整数的那些。
尤其优选的是其中X2是氧和n是2的结构式IA的化合物,例如
B 2,4,4,7,7-五甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯基酯
D 4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯基酯
E 2-苄基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯基酯
2-丙基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯基酯
2-丁基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯基酯
2-己基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯基酯
2-苯乙基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯基酯
进一步优选的是其中Ar是吡啶的结构式IA的化合物,即:
进一步优选的是其中n是1和X是R8R9C<的结构式IA的化合物:
4,4,6,6-四甲基-2-戊基-1,2,3,4,5,6-六氢-并环戊二烯-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯基酯;
以及其中n是1和X是氧的化合物:
1,1,3,3-四甲基-5-戊基-3,4,5,6-四氢-1H-环戊[c]呋喃-5-羧酸4-羧基-苯基酯。
其它组的优选化合物是:
a)结构式IB的化合物:
b)结构式IC的化合物:
4-(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基乙炔基)-苯甲酸
c)结构式ID的化合物,其中Z是氧:
4-(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基甲氧基)-苯甲酸;
结构式ID的化合物,其中Z是硫:
4-(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基甲硫基(sulfanyl))-苯甲酸;和
结构式ID的化合物,其中Z是-NH-:
4-[(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基甲基)-氨基]-苯甲酸;
d)结构式IE的化合物
4-[3-氧代-3-(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基)-丙烯基]-苯甲酸;和
e)结构式IF的化合物
4-[3-羟基-3-(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基)-丙烯基]-苯甲酸;
对于n=1,X是氧;
R8和R9彼此独立是氢或烷基;
R5是氢,烷基,烷氧基,烯基,烯氧基,炔基,苄基,环烷基-烷基,苯基-烷基;
m是0,当虚线键存在时;或者
m是1,当虚线键不存在时;和
R7是氢或烷基;
以及结构式I-2的羧酸的药学活性盐。
尤其优选的结构式I-2的化合物是
(2Z,4E,6E)-3-甲基-7-(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基)-庚-2,4,6-三烯酸:
根据本发明的化合物能够按照本领域中已知的方式制备。尤其,其中X2是氧或-NH-的结构式IA的化合物例如可以根据合成路线1来制备:
其中X,n,m和Ar如以上所定义,和
R5’是氢,烷基,烷氧基-烷基-,烯基,炔基,苄基,环烷基-烷基,苯基-烷基;
X1是卤素,优选溴根或碘根;
X2’是-OH或NH2;
X2是氧或-NH-;和
R10是R7,或者羧酸保护基,优选烯丙基。
LDA是二异丙基氨基化锂;和
DCC/DMAP是二环己基碳化二亚胺/二甲氨基吡啶。
使用强碱,例如二异丙基氨基化锂或叔丁酸钾,其中虚线不存在和因此m是1的酸1能够用适合的烷基卤化物,优选烷基溴化物或烷基碘化物进行烷基化,或者用烷基磺酸盐,例如甲苯磺酸盐或甲磺酸盐(mesylate)进行烷基化,以获得烷基化酸2,它与羟基-或氨基芳基羧酸酯3缩合获得化合物4。在可供选择的方案中,对于其中虚线键存在和m因此是0的结构式IA的化合物,可以省略烷基化步骤。作为缩合剂,能够使用二环己基碳化二亚胺/4-二甲氨基吡啶。另外,酸2(或1,分别)能够被转换成酰基氯(亚硫酰氯,草酰氯),然后在碱(吡啶,三乙胺)的存在下与化合物3反应。在化合物3中的R10能够是R7,当X2‘是NH2时,或者必须是羧酸保护基,如烯丙基,β-三甲基甲硅烷基乙基,叔丁基或4-(三甲基甲硅烷基)-2-丁烯-1-基或苄基,当X2’是-OH时。用诸如Pd(0)/吗啉或Pd(0)/Bu3SnH(用于烯丙基),Bu4NF(用于β-三甲基甲硅烷基乙基),甲酸(用于叔丁基)或Pd(0)(用于4-(三甲基甲硅烷基)-2-丁烯-1-基)之类的试剂或者催化氢化(用于苄基),能够在不裂解内酰胺或酯键的情况下在最后步骤中除去羧酸保护基。
用作起始原料、其中虚线不存在和因此m是1的酸1能够用与在EP116277和EP115274中给出的实施例类似的方式制备。其中虚线存在并形成双键的酸1如在以下合成路线1a所述那样制备。从结构式1a的酯起始,如在合成路线1a所述那样,它被转换成相应的不饱和化合物1b:
其中各符号如以上所定义,R7‘是烷基,LDA是二异丙基氨基化锂和Ph是苯基。
其中Y是-CH=CH-的结构式I的化合物,即,结构式IB的化合物可以根据合成路线2来制备:
合成路线2:
其中各符号如以上所定义和Et表示乙基。
酸2能够被还原成醇5(例如,用LiAlH4,或者硼烷配合物),通过Swern或Dess-Martin氧化反应或者用氯铬酸吡啶鎓氧化成醛6,然后使用强碱如NaH或双-(三甲基甲硅烷基)-氨基化锂(LiHMDS),与适合的膦酸酯7进行Wittig-Horner反应来缩合,产生了其中R7不是氢的结构式IB的烯属化合物,如果需要,它能够被水解成其中R7是氢的结构式IB的化合物。双键可以是E/Z混合物,或者优选是E构型。
其中Y是乙炔基(-C≡C-)的结构式I的化合物,即结构式IC的化合物能够根据以下合成路线3来制备:
其中各符号如以上所定义和X3是卤素,优选溴或碘。
根据Corey和Fuchs的方法,通过先后与P(C6H5)3/CBr4和丁基锂反应,能够将醛6转换成炔属衍生物2。然后在Pd(0)催化的反应中,锂化产物与溴或碘取代的芳族酯8偶联,以获得其中R7不是氢的结构式IC的化合物,如果需要,它能够被水解成其中R7是氢的产物。
通过使用醇5作为起始原料,按照合成路线4能够合成其中Y是-CH2O-,-CH2S-或CH2NR10-的结构式I的化合物,即结构式ID的化合物,其中Z是-O-,-S-或-NH-。
合成路线4
其中各符号如以上所定义,X2“是-OH,-SH或-NH2。醇5的羟基能够用PX3 3或CX3 4/(C6H5)3P转换成卤化衍生物10,其中X3是卤根,优选氯根或溴根,或者使用甲磺酰氯或甲苯磺酰氯转换成磺酸盐,随后与化合物11反应,获得了结构式ID的产物,它可以被水解成其中R7是氢的结构式ID的产物。
其中Z是硫的结构式ID的化合物能够用过氧化物氧化成亚砜或砜。合成其中Z是氧或硫的结构式ID的化合物的供选择方法是根据Mitsunobu通过使醇5与其中X2“是OH或SH的化合物11反应的方法。
其中Y是-COCH=CH-的结构式I的化合物,即结构式IE的化合物能够根据合成路线5来合成。
其中各符号如以上所定义。
通过使用氢化钠(NaH),氢化钾(KH)或叔丁酸钾作为碱,酮12能够在更高取代位上被烷基化,以产生其中虚线键不存在和m是1的化合物13。化合物12或13分别与甲酰基化合物14在催化量的氢氧化钠(NaOH)、哌啶、乙酸哌啶鎓盐或甲苯磺酸哌啶鎓盐的存在下进行羟醛缩合,产生了其中R7不是氢的结构式IE的化合物,它能够通过酯基的水解被转换成其中R7是氢的终产物IE。
根据合成路线6,通过用例如NaBH或用NaBH4/CeCl3还原结构式IE的化合物,能够制备其中Y是-CHOHCH=CH-的结构式I的化合物,即结构式IF的化合物。
其中各符号如以上所定义。
其中R7不是氢的结构式IF的化合物能够通过水解转换成其中R7是氢的产物IF。
其中Y是-NR10CO-的结构式I的化合物,即结构式IG的化合物能够根据合成路线7来制备。已知有多种方法用于使酸2转换成胺15(Hofmann,Lossen,Curtius或者Schmidt-重排)。
合成路线7
其中各符号如以上所定义。
胺15例如能够与对苯二甲酰氯衍生物或适合的酰氯16在吡啶或三乙胺的存在下进行反应,以获得其中R7不是氢的结构式IG的酰胺。酯基的水解产生了其中R7是氢的结构式IG的产物。
在供选择的方案中,内酰胺键也能够通过使胺15与对苯二甲酸半酯和二环己基碳化二亚胺反应来形成。
其中Y是-OCO-的结构式I的化合物,即结构式IH的化合物能够根据合成路线8来合成。
化合物12能够根据Baeyer-Villiger用过氧酸氧化,以获得羟基化合物17。酯化使用已知方法来进行,例如通过酰氯16和碱反应的方法。
其中各符号如以上所定义。
结构式I-2的化合物能够根据在合成路线9中描述的方法来制备:
合成路线9
其中各符号如以上所定义。
醛6与膦酸酯18按照Wittig-Horner反应在强碱例如氢化钠或双-(三甲基甲硅烷基)-氨基化锂(LiHMDS)的存在下在惰性溶剂例如THF中进行反应,得到其中R7是烷基的结构式I-2的酯。该酯可以随后被水解成其中R7是氢的结构式I-2的化合物。
其中R5是烷氧基、烷基硫基和烷基-NR10-和Y不是-OCO-,-NHCO-,-OCH2-,-SCH2-,-SOCH2-,-SO2CH2-或者-NR10CH2-的结构式I的化合物能够根据已知方法来制备,例如它们可以根据在合成路线10中描述的方法来制备。
其中各符号如以上所定义。
能够在强、非亲核性碱如二异丙基氨基化锂的存在下将酯1a转换成烯醇化酯1b,该烯醇化物然后能够与以下物质反应:
a)与MoO5-配合物反应,产生相应的α-羟基化合物,它然后能够用烷基卤化物(R5X1)进行烷基化,形成化合物19,然后根据以上反应路线之一转换成所需的结构式I的化合物;
b)与适合的二硫化物烷基-S-S-烷基反应,产生相应的α-硫酯20;
c)与[NH2 ]-合成子(synthon)反应(查找这种合成子,可以参阅G.Boche的Houben-Weyl,Methods of Organic Chemistry,Vol.E21e,p.5133(1995)或者D.Enders等的Tetrahedron 1998,54,10069)。
其中Y是-OCH2,-SCH2-,-SOCH2-,-SO2CH2-或者-NR10CH2-,和R5是烷基,烷氧基烷基-,烯基,炔基,苄基,环烷基-烷基,苯基-烷基的结构式IA的化合物能够根据在合成路线11中描述的方法来制备:
其中各符号如以上所定义。
在实施例11中描述的合成中,酸22能够根据Curtius反应转换成相应的酮23,它与Lawesson试剂反应成硫酮24。添加Grignard试剂将分别产生化合物25和26。化合物15、25或26用溴甲基衍生物27进行烷基化获得了其中Y是-NHCH-,-OCH2-或-SCH2-的结构式IA的所需产物。
在另一方面,本发明涉及RAR选择性激动剂用于治疗肺气肿和肺相关性疾病的用途,其中系统给药是优选的给药方式。本发明因此涉及通过用RAR选择性激动剂治疗哺乳动物来治疗肺气肿和肺相关性疾病的方法,其中系统给药是优选的给药方式。
“治疗有效量”是指当给药于哺乳动物以治疗或预防疾病时,足以实现该疾病的这种治疗或预防的化合物的量。“治疗有效量”将根据化合物、疾病和它的严重性以及所要治疗的哺乳动物的年龄、体重等变化。
化合物的RARγ激动剂的选择性能够根据本领域中熟练人员已知的常规配体结合试验来测定,如在C.Apefel等Proc.Nat.Sci.Acad.(USA).89:7129-7133(1992);M.Teng等,J.Med.Chem.,40:2455-2451(1997);和PCT出版物WO96/30009中所述。
这里所公开的RAR激动剂的用途可以用来促进被损坏的肺泡的修复和新肺泡的分隔,尤其用于治疗肺气肿。用RAR激动剂,尤其RARγ选择性激动剂的治疗可用于促进肺泡基质的修复和分隔。因此,这里所公开的方法可用于治疗诸如肺气肿之类的疾病。
典型地,该剂量是在约0.01和1.0mg/kg体重/每天之间,优选约0.05到约0.5mg/kg体重/每天。
尤其,治疗肺气肿所需要的RAR选择性激动剂的剂量取决于症状的严重程度。这一剂量能够以普通的药物组合物形式,根据达到最高效果的需要,通过单次给药,多次给药或经过缓释给药来施用。剂量给药能够按照医学方面指导的时间长度继续保持,取决于疾病的严重程度,该时间可以是几个星期到几个月。
典型地,通式I的RAR激动剂在药物学上可接受的载体或稀释剂中的药物学上可接受的组合物如盐都可以施用。在本发明的上下文中,药物学上可接受的盐包括在适合施用给人患者的视黄醛激动剂领域中已知的任何化学上合适的盐。在本领域中已知的普通盐的例子包括碱金属盐如钠和钾盐,碱土金属盐如钙和镁盐,以及铵和烷基铵盐。
代表性的给药方法包括口服,胃肠外(包括皮下,肌内和静脉内),直肠,口腔(包括舌下),透皮,经肺和鼻内。肺部给药的一种方法包括RAR激动剂的水溶液的气溶胶化。气溶胶化的组合物可包括以可逆胶束或脂质体包装的化合物。典型的肺和呼吸的给药体系被描述在美国专利No.5,607,915,5,238,683,5,292,499,和5,364,615中。
本发明的治疗方法还包括RAR激动剂与其它活性成分同时或按顺序的系统性联合给药。
RAR激动剂典型地作为与药物学上可接受的、无毒的载体相混合的药物组合物形式给药。如上所述,该组合物被制备来用于胃肠外(皮下,肌内或静脉内)给药,尤其以液体溶液或悬浮液形式;用于口服或颊给药,尤其以片剂或胶囊剂形式;用于鼻内给药,尤其以粉剂、滴鼻剂或气溶胶形式;和用于直肠或透皮给药。任何普通的载体都能够使用。该载体能够是任何有机或无机的载体,如水,明胶,阿拉伯树胶,乳糖,淀粉,硬脂酸镁,滑石,聚(亚烷基)二醇,石油膏等等。
肠胃外给药的液体配制剂可含有作为赋形剂的无菌水或盐水,亚烷基二醇如丙二醇,聚(亚烷基)二醇如聚乙二醇,植物油,氢化萘等。它们可以使用在约4到约6的PH范围内的稍显酸性的缓冲液。合适的缓冲液包括浓度在约5mM到约50mM范围内的乙酸盐,抗坏血酸盐和柠檬酸盐。对于口服,该配制剂可通过添加胆盐或酰肉碱来增强。
鼻内给药的配制剂可以是固体和含有赋形剂,例如乳糖或葡聚糖,或可以是水性或油性溶液,以便以滴鼻剂或计量的喷雾剂形式使用。具体的鼻内给药配制剂包括适合于普通干粉吸入(DPI)的干粉剂,适合于雾化的液体溶液或悬浮液以及适合于计量剂量吸入(MDI)推进剂配制剂。对于颊给药,典型的赋形剂包括糖,硬脂酸钙,硬脂酸镁,预凝胶化的淀粉,等等。
当被配制用于鼻内给药时,在整个鼻粘膜上的吸收可通过以约0.2-15wt%、优选约0.5-4wt%、最优选约2wt%的量添加表面活性剂型酸,例如甘氨胆酸,胆酸,牛磺胆酸,ethocholic acid,脱氧胆酸,鹅脱氧胆酸,脱氢胆酸,glycodeoxycholic acid,环糊精等来增强。
口服用的固体形式包括片剂,硬和软明胶胶囊,丸剂,小袋剂,粉剂,粒剂等。每一片,丸或小袋可包含约1到约50mg,优选5到约10mg的RAR激动剂。优选的固体口服剂量形式包括片剂,两段的硬壳胶囊剂和软弹性明胶(SEG)胶囊剂。SEG胶囊剂是特别理想的,因为它们提供了与其它两种形式不同的优点(参见,Seager,H.,“软明胶胶囊:许多平板化问题的解决方法(Soft gelatin capsules:a solution to manytableting problems)”,制药工艺学(Pharmaceutical Technology),9,(1985))。使用SEG胶囊剂的一些优点是:a)在SEG胶囊剂中剂量含量均匀性是最佳的,因为药物被溶解或分散在液体中,从而能够精确地按剂量封入胶囊中;b)作为SEG胶囊剂所配制的药物显示出良好的生物利用率,因为药物被溶解、增溶溶解或分散在水混溶性或油性液体中,所以当在体内释放时,该溶液会溶解或被乳化得到具有高表面积的药物分散体,和c) 在长期贮存过程中易氧化的药物的降解得到阻止,这是因为干燥外壳的缘故。
本发明化合物经过延长的时间,例如经过一个星期到一年的时间对患者的施用,可通过含有对于达到所需释放时间而言足够的活性成分的缓释体系的单次施用来实现。各种缓释体系,如单片或贮藏型微胶囊,贮藏植入物,渗透泵,泡,胶束,脂质体,透皮贴片,iontophoretic器件和供选择的可注射剂型都可用于这一目的。希望该活性成分被给予的位置的确定是一些缓释器件的附加特征,它们已在某些疾病的治疗上证明了效果。
下面是使用这里所述的RAR选择性激动剂用于促进弹性硬蛋白媒介的基质修复和肺泡分隔的代表性药物配制剂。
片剂
均匀混合以下成分,并压缩成一成型片剂。
各成分的量 | 片,mg |
RAR激动剂 | 10 |
玉米淀粉 | 50 |
Croscarmellose sodium | 25 |
乳糖 | 120 |
硬脂酸镁 | 5 |
胶囊剂
均匀混合以下成分,并装入硬壳明胶胶囊。
成分 | 量/胶囊,mg |
RAR激动剂 | 5 |
乳糖,喷雾干燥 | 148 |
硬脂酸镁 | 2 |
悬浮液制剂
混合以下成分以形成口服悬浮液。
成分 | 量 |
RAR激动剂 | 1.0g |
富马酸 | 0.5g |
氯化钠 | 2.0g |
对羟基苯甲酸甲酯 | 0.15g |
对羟基苯甲酸丙酯 | 0.05g |
砂糖 | 25.5g |
山梨醇(70%溶液) | 12.85g |
Veegum(铝硅酸盐)K(VanderbiltCo.) | 1.0g |
香料 | 0.035ml |
着色剂 | 0.5mg |
蒸馏水 | 加量至100ml |
注射剂
混合以下成分以形成注射制剂。
成分 | 量 |
RAR激动剂 | 0.2g |
醋酸钠缓冲液,0.4M | 2.0ml |
HCl(1N)或NaOH(1N) | 加量至适合的pH |
水(蒸馏、无菌) | 加量至20ml |
鼻用制剂
混合以下成分以形成用于鼻内给药的悬浮液。
成分 | 量 |
RAR激动剂 | 20mg/ml |
柠檬酸 | 0.2mg/ml |
柠檬酸钠 | 2.6mg/ml |
氯化苯甲烷铵 | 0.2mg/ml |
山梨醇 | 35mg/ml |
牛磺胆酸钠或甘氨胆酸钠 | 10mg/ml |
给出以下制备方法和实施例以便使本领域的那些熟练人员更清楚地理解本发明和实施本发明。它们不应该被认为限制本发明的范围,而仅作为它们的举例和代表。
实施例1
1.1. 4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸的制备
在200ml的无水THF(四氢呋喃)中溶解13.6g的二异丙基胺,以及在-10℃滴入84ml的丁基锂(1.6摩尔,己烷溶液)来处理。在0℃下搅拌15分钟之后,滴入12g的4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸在40ml的THF中的溶液。反应混合物在室温下搅拌1小时,再次冷却到0℃以及滴加26.4g的戊基碘化物在30ml THF中的溶液来处理。在室温下搅拌90分钟之后,将反应混合物倒入冰/水中,用3N HCl酸化和用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机相用水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥和蒸发,以获得浅黄色、部分结晶的油。快速色谱法(SiO2,己烷/乙酸乙酯=6∶1)分析并从戊烷中结晶出来,获得了12.9g的呈白色晶体的4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸,m.p.57-58℃。
用与实施例1.1类似的方式,使用相应的烷基碘化物,合成以下化合物:
1.2. 2,4,4,7,7-五甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸,m.p.132-134℃
1.3. 2-乙基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸,m.p.108-
109℃
1.4. 2-苄基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸,m.p.118-
120℃
1.5. 2-丙基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸,m.p.110-
112℃
1.6. 2-丁基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸,m.p.89-90
℃
1.7. 2-异丁基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸,m.p.87-
88℃
1.8. 2-己基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸,m.p.68-69
℃
1.9. 2-苯乙基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸,
m.p.121-122℃
实施例2
2.1. 4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-烯丙氧基羰基-苯基酯的制备
在200ml二氯甲烷中溶解14.5g的4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸。先后加入9.7g的4-羟基苯甲酸烷基酯在160ml的二氯甲烷的溶液和6g的4-二甲氨基吡啶。将反应混合物冷却到0℃,用11.3g的1,3-二环己基碳化二亚胺处理,再在0℃下搅拌2小时和在室温下搅拌2小时。过滤反应混合物,沉淀物用二氯甲烷洗涤,有机相用水洗,用Na2SO4干燥和蒸发。部分结晶的残留物用200ml己烷在室温下搅拌1小时,再次过滤和蒸发滤液。油状产物通过柱色谱法(SiO2,己烷/乙酸乙酯2%)纯化,获得了无色油状的纯4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-烷氧基羰基-苯基酯。
用与实施例2.1.类似的方式,使用实施例1相应的烷基化酸,合成以下化合物:
2.2. 2,4,4,7,7-五甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-烯丙氧基
羰基-苯基酯,m.p.82-84℃
2.3. 2-乙基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-烯
丙氧基羰基-苯基酯,m.p.44-46℃
2.4. 2-苄基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-烯丙
氧基羰基-苯基酯,m.p.45-47℃
2.5. 2-丙基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-烯丙
氧基羰基-苯基酯,呈无色油
2.6. 2-丁基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-烯丙
氧基羰基-苯基酯,呈无色油
2.7. 2-异丁基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-
烯丙氧基羰基-苯基酯,呈无色油
2.8. 2-己基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-烯
丙氧基羰基-苯基酯,呈无色油
2.9. 2-苯乙基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-
烯丙氧基羰基-苯基酯,呈无色油
实施例3
3.1. 4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯基酯的制备
在460ml THF中溶解19.2g的4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-烷氧基羰基-苯基酯。抽空反应烧瓶,再通入氩气两次。先后加入4.6g的四(三苯基膦)合钯和37g吗啉。反应混合物在室温下搅拌4小时,倒入1500ml冰/水中,用6N HCl酸化和用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机相用水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥和蒸发,获得了黄色固体。通过柱色谱法纯化(SiO2,己烷/乙酸乙酯=1∶3),以及从乙酸乙酯/己烷中结晶出来,获得了12.9g的4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯基酯,m.p.156-158℃。
用与实施例3.1.类似的方式,使用实施例2的烷基酯,合成以下化合物:
3.2. 2,4,4,7,7-五甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯基酯,
m.p.205-206℃
3.3. 2-乙基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯
基酯,m.p.175-176℃3.4. 2-苄基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯
基酯,m.p.183-184℃3.5. 4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-丙基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯
基酯,m.p.156-157℃3.6. 2-丁基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯
基酯,m.p.172-173℃3.7. 2-异丁基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-
苯基酯,m.p.194-196℃3.8. 2-己基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯
基酯,m.p.149-150℃3.9. 4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-苯乙基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-
苯基酯,m.p.182-183℃。
实施例4
4.1. 4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-烯丙氧基羰基-苯基酯的制备
用与实施例2.1.类似的方式,使用4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸作为起始原料,合成了具有48-50℃的熔点的4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-烷氧基羰基-苯基酯。
实施例5
5.1. 4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯基酯的制备
用与实施例3类似的方式,使用实施例4.1.的烷基酯作为起始原料,合成了具有194-195℃的熔点的4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯基酯。
实施例6
在20ml二氯甲烷中溶解1g的4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸,以及在0℃下用1ml的草酰氯和两滴的DMF(二甲基甲酰胺)处理。在室温下搅拌4小时之后,蒸发溶液,油状残留物在高度真空中干燥1小时,溶解在25ml的吡啶中,并用570mg的6-氨基-烟酸乙基醚处理。在室温下搅拌一整夜之后,将反应混合物倾倒在冰/水上,用2N HCl酸化和用乙酸乙酯萃取。干燥有机相(Na2SO4),蒸发溶剂和残留物用快速色谱法(硅胶,己烷/乙酸乙酯=6∶1)纯化,在从戊烷中重结晶出来之后,获得了0.9g的晶体6-[(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羰基)-氨基]-烟酸乙基酯,m.p.92-93℃。
将该酯溶解在20ml乙醇中,并用1g的KOH(氢氧化钾)在2ml水中的溶液处理。在40℃下2小时之后,将反应混合物倾倒在冰/水上,用2N HCl酸化和用乙酸乙酯萃取。干燥有机相(Na2SO4),再蒸发溶剂。残留物从乙酸乙酯/戊烷中结晶出来,获得了0.6g的呈无色晶体的6-[(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羰基)-氨基]-烟酸,m.p.172-174℃。
实施例7
4-[2-(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基)-乙烯基]-苯甲酸的制备
在35ml的THF中溶解3.5g的4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸,并在室温下滴入1.4ml甲基硫硼烷(borane methylsulfide)在10ml THF中的溶液来处理。反应混合物搅拌2小时,然后滴入13ml的甲醇来处理,再蒸发。黄色、油状残留物用快速色谱法纯化(硅胶,己烷/乙酸乙酯=5∶1),获得了2.9g的呈无色油的(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基)-甲醇。
在100ml的二氯甲烷中溶解2ml的草酰氯,以及在-70℃下滴入2.8g的二甲亚砜来处理。反应混合物在5分钟内升温至-35℃,再次冷却至-60℃和滴入2.9g的(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基)-甲醇在20ml的二氯甲烷中的溶液来处理。在-50℃下搅拌15分钟之后,滴加5ml的三乙胺。反应混合物在室温下搅拌3小时,然后倾倒在冰/水上,用二氯甲烷萃取,干燥(Na2SO4)和蒸发溶剂。用快速色谱法(硅胶,己烷/乙酸乙酯=20∶1)纯化黄色、油状残留物,获得了2.8g的呈无色油的4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-氨基甲醛(carbaldehyde)。
在10ml THF中溶解0.7g的4-(二乙氧基-磷酰基甲基)-苯甲酸乙酯,以及在-20℃下用2.2ml的双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基化锂在己烷中的1摩尔溶液处理。在15分钟之后,加入0.46g的4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-2-氨基甲醛在5ml的THF中的溶液。反应混合物在室温下搅拌3小时,倾倒在冰冷的、饱和氯化铵水溶液上,用乙酸乙酯萃取,干燥有机相(Na2SO4)和蒸发溶剂。黄色、油状残留物用快速色谱法(硅胶,己烷/10%乙酸乙酯)纯化,获得了0.73g的呈无色油的(E)-4-[2-(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基)-乙烯基]-苯甲酸乙酯。
将该酯(0.7g)溶解在10ml的乙醇中,再用1.8g的KOH在5ml水中的溶液处理。在已经添加4ml的THF之后,反应混合物在40℃反应3小时,倾倒在冰/水上,用2N HCl酸化和用乙酸乙酯萃取。干燥有机相(Na2SO4),和结晶残留物从戊烷中再结晶出来,获得了0.4g的呈无色晶体的4-[2-(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基)-乙烯基]-苯甲酸,m.p.121-123℃。
实施例8
将4.9g的四溴化碳溶解在75ml的二氯甲烷中,和在-20℃下滴入7.7g的三苯基膦在80ml的二氯甲烷中的溶液进行处理。该浅橙色溶液在0℃下搅拌15分钟,然后用2g的4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-氨基甲醛在20ml的二氯甲烷中的溶液处理。反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时,然后倾倒在冰/水上,用碳酸氢钠水溶液稀释,再用二氯甲烷萃取。干燥有机相和蒸发溶剂,之后得到了黄色油,再进一步用快速色谱法(硅胶,己烷/乙酸乙酯=20∶1)纯化,获得了呈浅黄色油的2-(2,2-二溴-乙烯基)-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚。
将0.6g的该二溴化物溶解在10ml的THF中,冷却到-78℃和滴入1.8ml的丁基锂在己烷中的1.6摩尔溶液来处理。在-78℃下搅拌1小时和在室温下搅拌1小时之后,将反应混合物倾倒在冰/饱和氯化铵水溶液中和用己烷萃取。干燥有机相(Na2SO4)和蒸发溶剂,获得了0.4g的呈黄色油的2-乙炔基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚。
反应烧瓶中依次加入456mg的4-碘-苯甲酸甲酯,10ml的DMF,1ml的三乙胺,48mg的二氯化双(三苯基膦)合钯(II)和26mg的碘化亚铜。抽空烧瓶两次,再填充氩气。反应混合物滴入380mg的上述乙炔衍生物在5ml的DMF中的溶液来处理。在室温下搅拌2小时之后,将反应混合物倾倒在冰/饱和NH4Cl水溶液中和用醚萃取。干燥有机相,蒸发溶剂,以及用快速色谱法(硅胶,己烷/乙酸乙酯5%)纯化该粗残留物,获得了0.4g的呈无色油的4-(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基-乙炔基)-苯甲酸甲基酯。
将0.4g的该甲基酯溶解在10ml的乙醇中,并用0.55g的KOH在2ml的水中的溶液处理。在40℃下2小时之后,将反应混合物倾倒在冰/水上,用2N HCl酸化和用醚萃取。干燥有机相(Na2SO4)和蒸发溶剂。结晶残留物从戊烷中再结晶出来,获得了240mg的呈白色晶体的4-(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基-乙炔基)-苯甲酸,m.p.140-141℃。
实施例9
将680mg的6-(二乙氧基磷酰基)-3-甲基-己-2,4-二烯酸乙基酯溶解在10ml的THF中,以及在-78℃下滴入2.25ml的双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基化锂在己烷中的1摩尔溶液来处理。在搅拌10分钟之后,在-78℃下滴加500mg的4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-氨基甲醛在5ml的THF中的溶液。将反应混合物升温至-40℃,并在该温度下保持3小时。将冷反应混合物倒入冰/水中,用1N HCl酸化和用醚萃取。有机相用水洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4)和蒸发溶剂。粗油用中压液相色谱法(硅胶,己烷/叔丁基甲基醚1%)纯化,获得了250mg的纯(2Z,4E,6E)-3-甲基-7-(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基)-庚-2,4,6-三烯酸乙酯和400mg的呈无色油的(2E,4E,6E)-3-甲基-7-(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基)-庚-2,4,6-三烯酸乙酯。
与在实施例8中给出的操作程序相似,两种酯分别使用乙醇/水/氢氧化钾进行水解。在从戊烷/乙酸乙酯中再结晶之后,获得了纯(2Z,4E,6E)-3-甲基-7-(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基)-庚-2,4,6-三烯酸,m.p.141-142℃,以及呈无色晶体的(2E,4E,6E)-3-甲基-7-(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基)-庚-2,4,6-三烯酸,m.p.125-126℃。
实施例10
4-(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基羰基氨基)-苯甲酸的制备
在17ml的二氯甲烷中溶解500mg的4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸,以及在0℃依次用溶解在2ml CH2Cl2中的413mg 4-氨基-苯甲酸乙酯,27mg的4-二甲氨基-吡啶和515mg的1,3-二环己基碳化二亚胺处理。反应混合物在0℃下搅拌2小时和在室温下搅拌2小时,然后倾倒在冰/水上和用乙酸乙酯萃取。干燥有机相(Na2SO4)和蒸发溶剂。半结晶残留物用醚稀释,过滤,蒸发滤液。残留物进一步用中压液相色谱法(硅胶,己烷/乙酸乙酯=4∶1)提纯,在从乙酸乙酯中结晶之后,获得了370mg的呈白色晶体的4-(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基羰基氨基)-苯甲酸乙酯,m.p.154-155℃。
与在实施例8中给出的操作程序类似,使用乙醇/水/THF/KOH水解320mg的该酯,在从乙酸乙酯中结晶之后,获得了呈白色晶体的纯4-(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基羰基氨基)-苯甲酸,m.p.261-262℃。
实施例11
在-78℃下,将2.5g的4,4,7,7-四甲基-4,5,6,7-四氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸乙酯在10ml THF中的溶液缓慢加入到在THF中的1.2当量的二异丙基氨基化锂(以通常方式从二异丙基胺和正丁基锂制备)。在-78℃下搅拌2小时之后,加入1.8g的六甲基磷酰胺,随后缓慢加入3g的溴化苯基硒在10mlTHF中的溶液。反应混合物经1小时升温至0℃,然后依次用6.5ml的水,1.3ml的乙酸和6g的过氧化氢30%处理。在室温下0.5小时之后,反应混合物倾倒在冷的、饱和碳酸氢钠溶液中,用醚萃取。有机相用碳酸氢钠溶液和水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,过滤和蒸发溶剂。粗产物经硅胶填料过滤(己烷/醚5%)和进一步用中压液相色谱法纯化(硅胶,己烷/乙酸乙酯3%),在从己烷中重结晶之后,获得了1.8g的呈白色晶体的4,4,7,7-四甲基-4,5,6,7-四氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸乙酯,m.p.75-76℃。
与在实施例8中给出的操作程序类似,1.7g的该酯使用乙醇/THF/KOH/水来水解,在从己烷中重结晶之后,获得了1.2g的呈白色晶体的4,4,7,7-四甲基-4,5,6,7-四氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸,m.p.179-180℃。
将1.1g的该酸溶解在30ml的二氯甲烷中,以及在0℃下连续用溶解在30ml的二氯甲烷中的1g的4-氨基-苯甲酸乙酯,60mg的4-二甲氨基-吡啶和1.1g的1,3-二环己基碳化二亚胺处理。在室温下搅拌6小时之后,将反应混合物倾倒在冰/饱和氯化铵溶液中和用乙酸乙酯萃取。在干燥(Na2SO4)和蒸发有机溶剂之后,获得了橙色、半结晶残留物,再用醚稀释,过滤,蒸发滤液和残留物用中压液相色谱法(硅胶,己烷/乙酸乙酯=3∶2)纯化,在从己烷/乙酸乙酯中结晶之后,获得了1.3g的呈米黄色晶体的4-[4,4,7,7-四甲基-4,5,6,7-四氢-1H-茚-2-羰基]-氨基]-苯甲酸乙酯,m.p.212-213℃。
与在实施例8中给出的操作程序相似,使用在乙醇/水/THF中的10当量KOH在室温下水解该酯,在从乙酸乙酯中重结晶之后,获得了呈白色晶体的4-[4,4,7,7-四甲基-4,5,6,7-四氢-1H-茚-2-羰基]-氨基]-苯甲酸乙酯,m.p.272-274℃。
实施例12
RAR选择性视黄醛对弹性蛋白酶诱发的肺气肿的肺泡的修复的作用
RAR选择性激动剂根据它对鼠类中的弹性蛋白酶诱发的肺气肿的鼠模型中肺泡修复的效果来进行评价(D.Massaro等.Nature Medicine(1997,3,675))。动物分成大约8只的治疗组,通过单一滴注胰腺弹性蛋白酶(猪来源,Calbiochem)2U/克体重,在雌性Sprague Dawley鼠中诱发肺炎和肺泡破坏。3周的损伤后,将全反式视黄酸或RAR激动剂溶解在二甲亚砜(20mg/ml)中并在-20℃贮存。通过在PBS中稀释到2mg/ml的最终浓度来每天新制备新鲜的工作原料(working stock)。通过腹膜注射或口服,动物用视黄醛每日给药一次,从损伤后21天开始。对照组用弹性蛋白酶处理,21天后用Vehicle(DMSO/PBS)治疗14天。在深度麻醉下驱血法治疗的最后剂量之后24小时,动物死亡。
通过以恒定速度(1ml/g体重/min)的气管内滴注,肺用10%中性缓冲福尔马林膨胀。切除肺,在处理之前浸渍在定影剂中24小时。使用标准方法制备5um的石蜡切片。切片用苏木精和曙红(H%E)染色。进行计算机化形态测定分析(Computerized Morphometric analysis)以测定平均肺泡大小和肺泡数目(表1)。
表1
剂量[mg/kg] | %修复面积 | ||
0.5 | i.p. | 54 | 化合物D |
0.3 | p.o. | 11.1 | 化合物D |
1 | p.o. | 44 | 化合物D |
3 | p.o. | 48.6 | 化合物D |
i.p.腹膜内
p.o.口服
前述发明已经通过举例说明和实施例得到详细的描述,以便清楚和理解。本领域的普通技术人员将明白,可以在所附权利要求书的范围内做出一些变化和修改。因此,不用说,以上描述是例证性的,不是限制性的。本发明的范围因此参考以下所附权利要求以及这些权利要求所赋予的等同物的整个范围来决定。
在本申请中引用的专利、专利申请和出版物因此全部以相同的程度以它们的全部内容被引入供参考,就好像各个专利、专利申请或出版物被如此单独表示。
Claims (15)
其中虚线键或者存在并形成双键,或者不存在;
R1、R2、R3、R4彼此独立是氢或烷基;
对于n=1,2或3,X是R8R9C<;或者
对于n=1,X是氧;
R8和R9彼此独立是氢或烷基;
R5是氢,烷基,烷氧基,烷氧基-烷基-,烷硫基,烷基-NR10-,烯基,烯氧基,炔基,苄基,环烷基-烷基,苯基-烷基,
R10是氢或烷基;
当虚线键存在时,m=0;
当虚线键不存在时,m=1;
其中Ar是苯基或杂芳环;
R6是氢、卤素、烷氧基或羟基;
R7是氢或烷基;和
Y是-COO-,-OCO-,-CONR10-,-NR10CO-,-CH=CH-,-C≡C-,-COCH=CH-,-CHOHCH=CH-,-CH2O-,-CH2S-,-CH2SO-,-CH2SO2-,-CH2NR10-,-OCH2-,-SCH2-,-SOCH2-,-SO2CH2-或者-NR10CH2-,条件是当Y是-OCO-,-NR10CO-,-OCH2-,-SCH2-,-SOCH2-,-SO2CH2-或者-NR10CH2-时,R5是氢,烷基,烷氧基-烷基-,烯基,炔基,苄基,环烷基-烷基或苯基-烷基。
其中
虚线键或者存在并形成双键,或者不存在;
R1、R2、R3、R4彼此独立是氢或烷基;
对于n=1,2或3,X是R8R9C<;或者
对于n=1,X是氧;
R5是氢,烷基,烷氧基,烯基,烯氧基,炔基,苄基,环烷基-烷基或苯基-烷基;
当虚线键存在时,m是0;或者
当虚线键不存在时,m是1;
Ar是苯基或者杂芳环;
R6是氢、卤素、烷氧基或羟基;
R7是氢或烷基;
R8和R9彼此独立是氢或烷基;和
Y是-COO-,-OCO-,-CONH-,-NHCO-,-CH=CH-,-C≡C-,-COCH=CH-,-CHOHCH=CH-,-CH2O-,-CH2S-或-CH2NH-;条件是当Y是-OCO-或-NHCO-时,R5是氢,烷基,烯基,炔基,苄基,环烷基-烷基或苯基-烷基。
4、根据权利要求3的结构式IA的化合物,其中X2是氧,n是2:
4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯基酯
2,4,4,7,7-五甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯基酯
2-乙基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯基酯
4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯基酯
2-苄基-4,4,7,7-四甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸4-羧基-苯基酯
5、根据权利要求3的结构式IA的化合物,其中Ar是吡啶:
6-[(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-羰基)-氨基]-烟酸。
6、根据权利要求2的以下结构式的化合物:
其中R1-R7,X,n,m和Ar如在权利要求2中所定义。
7、根据权利要求6的结构式IB的化合物,4-[2-(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基)-乙烯基]-苯甲酸。
8、根据权利要求2的以下结构式的化合物:
其中R1-R7,X,n,m和Ar如在权利要求2中所定义。
9、根据权利要求8的结构式IC的化合物,4-(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基乙炔基)-苯甲酸。
11、根据权利要求10的化合物:
3-甲基-7-(4,4,7,7-四甲基-2-戊基-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1H-茚-2-基)-庚-2,4,6-三烯酸(trienoic acid)。
12、权利要求1或11的化合物,其中R7是氢的结构式I的化合物的药物学上可接受的盐是从药物学上可接受的碱如碱金属盐或铵盐或取代的铵盐形成的盐。
13、含有在权利要求1-12的任一项中所要求的一种或多种化合物和药物学上可接受的赋型剂的药物。
14、根据权利要求13的药物,其用于治疗肺气肿和肺部相关疾病。
15在权利要求1-12的任一项中所要求的化合物用于治疗肺气肿和肺部相关疾病的用途或者用于制造用于治疗这些疾病的药物的用途。
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PT (1) | PT1206436E (zh) |
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Cited By (1)
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CN105940002A (zh) * | 2014-02-03 | 2016-09-14 | 生命医药公司 | ROR-γ的二氢吡咯并吡啶抑制剂 |
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JO2178B1 (en) * | 1999-10-19 | 2003-04-23 | اف . هوفمان لاروش ايه جي | Treatment of invasive diseases, using selected anti-PAR materials |
US20060189893A1 (en) * | 2005-01-06 | 2006-08-24 | Diamics, Inc. | Systems and methods for detecting abnormal cells |
US20060161076A1 (en) * | 2005-01-06 | 2006-07-20 | Diamics, Inc. | Systems and methods for collection of cell clusters |
US7914437B2 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2011-03-29 | Ams Research Corporation | Transobturator methods for installing sling to treat incontinence, and related devices |
US9119777B2 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2015-09-01 | Microdose Therapeutx, Inc. | Methods and compositions for administration of oxybutynin |
US8415390B2 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2013-04-09 | Microdose Therapeutx, Inc. | Methods and compositions for administration of oxybutynin |
CA2911990C (en) | 2007-09-10 | 2018-03-20 | Boston Biomedical, Inc. | A novel group of stat3 pathway inhibitors and cancer stem cell pathway inhibitors |
CN103025159A (zh) | 2010-03-19 | 2013-04-03 | 波士顿生物医学公司 | 靶向癌症干细胞的新方法 |
US8772273B2 (en) | 2011-10-04 | 2014-07-08 | Quretino Therapeutics, Inc. | Formulations and uses of retinoic acid receptor selective agonists |
AU2012325341B2 (en) * | 2011-10-19 | 2017-01-05 | Bikam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Opsin-binding ligands, compositions and methods of use |
BR112015025347A2 (pt) | 2013-04-09 | 2017-07-18 | Boston Biomedical Inc | 2-acetil-nafto [2-3-b] furan-4,9-diona para uso no tratamento do câncer |
JP6564029B2 (ja) | 2014-10-14 | 2019-08-21 | ヴァイティー ファーマシューティカルズ,エルエルシー | Ror−ガンマのジヒドロピロロピリジン阻害剤 |
US9663515B2 (en) | 2014-11-05 | 2017-05-30 | Vitae Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Dihydropyrrolopyridine inhibitors of ROR-gamma |
ES2856931T3 (es) | 2015-08-05 | 2021-09-28 | Vitae Pharmaceuticals Llc | Moduladores de ROR-gamma |
BR112018010018A2 (pt) | 2015-11-20 | 2018-11-21 | Vitae Pharmaceuticals Inc | moduladores de ror-gama |
TWI757266B (zh) | 2016-01-29 | 2022-03-11 | 美商維它藥物有限責任公司 | ROR-γ調節劑 |
US11299469B2 (en) | 2016-11-29 | 2022-04-12 | Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Oncology, Inc. | Naphthofuran derivatives, preparation, and methods of use thereof |
WO2018213424A1 (en) | 2017-05-17 | 2018-11-22 | Boston Biomedical, Inc. | Methods for treating cancer |
EP3658555A1 (en) | 2017-07-24 | 2020-06-03 | Vitae Pharmaceuticals, LLC | Inhibitors of ror |
WO2019018975A1 (en) | 2017-07-24 | 2019-01-31 | Vitae Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | INHIBITORS OF ROR GAMMA |
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US5958954A (en) * | 1995-09-01 | 1999-09-28 | Allergan Sales, Inc. | Synthesis and use of retinoid compounds having negative hormone and/or antagonist activities |
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CN105940002A (zh) * | 2014-02-03 | 2016-09-14 | 生命医药公司 | ROR-γ的二氢吡咯并吡啶抑制剂 |
CN105940002B (zh) * | 2014-02-03 | 2018-09-25 | 生命医药公司 | ROR-γ的二氢吡咯并吡啶抑制剂 |
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CA2386793A1 (en) | 2001-02-08 |
KR20020030089A (ko) | 2002-04-22 |
AU772551B2 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
US6528677B1 (en) | 2003-03-04 |
TR200200263T2 (tr) | 2004-12-21 |
US6828337B2 (en) | 2004-12-07 |
EP1206436A2 (en) | 2002-05-22 |
DK1206436T3 (da) | 2005-02-14 |
ATE279386T1 (de) | 2004-10-15 |
KR100466730B1 (ko) | 2005-01-24 |
AR024998A1 (es) | 2002-11-06 |
DE60014928D1 (de) | 2004-11-18 |
PT1206436E (pt) | 2004-12-31 |
JP3961827B2 (ja) | 2007-08-22 |
MXPA02000828A (es) | 2002-07-30 |
WO2001009076A2 (en) | 2001-02-08 |
EP1206436B1 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
WO2001009076A3 (en) | 2001-07-19 |
DE60014928T2 (de) | 2006-03-09 |
AU6437300A (en) | 2001-02-19 |
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CA2386793C (en) | 2006-03-28 |
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