CN1360171A - Pyrolytic incinerator for medical garbage - Google Patents

Abstract

A pyrolysis incinerator for treating solid combustible waste, especially medical waste, its structure includes a pyrolysis chamber, a gas phase combustion chamber, an ash chamber, a chimney, a feeding cylinder, a burner, etc. There is a conical constriction and an annular air chamber between them. The annular air chamber sprays tangential wind into the inner cavity of the constriction through multiple rows of air spray pipes, and mixes with the combustible pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis chamber. The flame of the axial built-in cyclone burner in the neck is ignited to form cyclone combustion, and then enters the gas phase combustion chamber to continue combustion. The invention proposes a new solution in terms of the structure of the incinerator, the way of burning, and the treatment of flue gas, so that the medical waste can be efficiently and cleanly incinerated.

Description

A pyrolysis incinerator for medical waste

The invention relates to an incinerator for treating solid combustible waste, especially medical waste.

Medical waste is a dangerous solid waste that contains a large number of bacteria and viruses. If it is not handled properly, it will easily cause serious environmental pollution and endanger human health and the living environment. Incineration technology is widely used in medical waste treatment because of its capacity reduction, high degree of volume reduction, high-temperature sterilization and heat recovery and utilization. Most of the existing medical waste incinerators generally have two combustion chambers or Three combustion chambers, mainly direct combustion. Due to the complex composition of medical waste and high water content, direct combustion cannot effectively control the combustion conditions, and it is easy to cause incomplete combustion. At the same time, the existence of excess air is likely to bring out a large amount of dust to cause heat recovery. Difficulties and waste gas treatment costs increase, and maintaining secondary high-temperature combustion requires a large amount of combustion aids, low energy efficiency, and high operating costs. There are also some that use pyrolysis incineration technology, but the structure of the secondary combustion chamber of the incinerator is simple, and the air distribution method is single, resulting in weak air turbulence in the combustion chamber, fast flue gas flow, short residence time, temperature field and uneven combustion And problems such as incomplete combustion.

The purpose of the present invention is to design a new type of pyrolysis incinerator for medical waste, which can overcome the above-mentioned problems in terms of the structure of the incinerator, the way of burning, and the treatment of flue gas, so that the medical waste can be incinerated efficiently and cleanly.

The structure of pyrolysis incinerator of the present invention, its furnace body is provided with ash chamber, fire grate, pyrolysis chamber, gas phase combustion chamber, chimney from bottom to top, is provided with burner under fire grate, the side wall of pyrolysis chamber A feeding barrel is provided, a conical constriction is arranged between the said pyrolysis chamber and the gas phase combustion chamber, a combustion-supporting burner is arranged at the lower part of the conical constriction, and the outer periphery of the conical constriction is a The annular air chamber is provided with a plurality of rows of intersecting air spray pipes on the lower side wall of the conical constriction to guide the air in the annular air chamber into the inner cavity of the conical constriction.

In this pyrolysis incinerator, when the material is fed into the pyrolysis chamber from the feeding cylinder, the material in the high-temperature zone at the lower part of the pyrolysis chamber is partially burned to heat the upper material under oxygen-poor conditions, and the carbonized products after pyrolysis of the upper material continue to It moves down and burns, and the combustible gas produced by pyrolysis flows into the throat of the conical neck from the lower part of the conical constriction at the junction of the pyrolysis chamber and the gas phase combustion chamber, and the cyclone injected from the annular air chamber through the blower pipe Mixing, the combustion-supporting burner arranged at the lower part of the constriction is ignited by the flame to form a cyclone combustion, and then enters the gas phase combustion chamber to continue burning, completely decomposing harmful substances in it.

In order to make the combustion in the furnace more intense, more complete, and more conducive to the realization of efficient and clean incineration, the present invention can also adopt the following further measures:

(1) Make the nozzle of the blast pipe set on the lower side wall of the tapered neck enter the furnace chamber in a tangential direction, so that when the gas generated by the pyrolysis of the material in the pyrolysis chamber rises through the tapered neck , Multiple rows of air jet tubes on the side wall of the conical constriction inject tangential wind into the conical constriction to form a strong turbulent mixture with the pyrolysis gas, which is ignited by the combustion-supporting burner to perform a strong cyclone combustion.

(2) The combustion-supporting burner adopts an axial built-in cyclone burner. The structure of the burner is usually composed of a shell, an air inlet pipe, an air chamber, a core chamber, and a fuel input pipe. The air chamber between the core chambers flows into the core chamber from the spray holes around the core chamber to mix and burn with oil and gas. The combustion-supporting air flow of a general burner is directly injected into the core chamber of the burner along the radial direction. The core chamber makes the combustion-supporting air flow of the burner spray into the core chamber tangentially, and the air flow entering the cavity forms a strong cyclone, the atomization effect of the oil is enhanced, the mixing of the oil and the air flow is more complete, and the combustion is more intense.

(3) The fire grate installed between the pyrolysis chamber and the ash chamber is a detachable hollow fire grate, with two rows of upper and lower rows. There are air holes jetting obliquely downward. When the waste material is pyrolyzed on the fire grate, due to the existence of the upper fire grate, the waste material is not easy to accumulate too much in the furnace, and the air in the air inlet pipe is preheated by the air inlet header and the fire grate, which reduces the number of pyrolysis chambers. The fluctuation of temperature and the existence of air in the grate reduce the surface temperature of the grate, which can slow down the high temperature corrosion and effectively prolong the life of the grate.

(4) said chimney adopts filter-chimney integrated structure, and an alkaline filter layer and an activated carbon filter adsorption layer are arranged at the bottom of its chimney. That is, a filter is set at the lower part of the chimney, and three layers of porous plates are set in the cavity of the filter to form upper and lower layers. The lower layer is placed with lime alkaline filter material to form an alkaline filter layer, and the upper layer is placed with activated carbon adsorbent to form an activated carbon adsorption filter layer. . The chimney has the function of flue gas purification. The incineration flue gas passes through the alkaline filter layer to remove particulate matter and acid gas, and then adsorbs and removes heavy metal pollutants and harmful compounds in fine particles by activated carbon to achieve the effect of purifying and exhausting smoke.

(5) A pry handle is installed in the ash chamber of the incinerator. This kind of pry handle is composed of a ejector rod for loosening the material layer, a connecting frame and a crowbar. By shaking the crowbar extending out of the furnace up and down, the ejector rod can be periodically turned up and down the material layer to improve and accelerate the pyrolysis and incineration of waste materials.

The incinerator structure and combustion method of the present invention adopt pyrolysis technology, and the combustible gas produced by pyrolysis enters the gas phase combustion chamber through the conical constriction from the pyrolysis chamber, and is arranged in the axial built-in cyclone burner at the lower part of the constriction. The flame is ignited and forms a cyclone to burn, and then enters the gas phase combustion chamber to continue burning. This structure can slow down the rising speed of the pyrolysis gas, increase the residence time of the gas in the high-temperature flame zone, and enhance the mixed combustion of air and pyrolysis gas, thereby completely decomposing harmful substances therein. The invention can incinerate medical wastes efficiently and cleanly, and the flue gas discharged after incineration does not cause secondary pollution to the environment. The incinerator has simple structure, convenient operation, high operating efficiency and low cost.

Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the right view (with partial cutaway) figure of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the B-B direction sectional view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is that Fig. 1 is A-A direction sectional view;

Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of an axial built-in cyclone burner;

Fig. 6 is a C-C cross-sectional view of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a structural diagram of the chimney part in Fig. 1 .

Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawings:

Figures 1 to 3 show the basic structure of the embodiment of the medical waste pyrolysis incinerator of the present invention. The furnace body 1 of this medical waste pyrolysis incinerator is provided with an ash chamber 2, a pyrolysis chamber 5, a gas phase combustion chamber 9, and a chimney 10 from bottom to top. The lower two rows of hollow fire grates 4 are connected to the air inlet header 18; a burner 3 is provided at the lower part of the fire grate, and a conical constriction 8 is provided between the pyrolysis chamber 5 and the gas phase combustion chamber 9, and the conical constriction The outer periphery of neck 8 is annular air chamber 7, and the lower side wall of conical constriction is provided with 3 rows of blast pipes 81 (the layout of air spray pipes) that are tangentially blown to the inner chamber of conical constriction by annular air chamber 7. Basically as shown in Figure 4); a combustion-supporting burner 6 is provided at the constriction part of the conical constriction 8, and this combustion-supporting burner is a kind of axial built-in cyclone burner, and its structure is as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, It includes a housing 63, an air chamber 64, a core chamber 65, a fuel input pipe 61 and an air inlet 62. The spray holes 67 around the core chamber cavity 66 are arranged tangentially so that the combustion air flow of the burner is injected tangentially. The core chamber; the side wall of the pyrolysis chamber 5 is provided with a feeding cylinder 11, and the material to be incinerated is put into the pyrolysis chamber through the feeding cylinder through the hopper 12 for incineration; the chimney 10 on the top of the incinerator is a filter-chimney integrated structure , its structure is shown in Figure 7, is provided with a filter chamber in the bottom of chimney, and this filter chamber is provided with 3 layers of perforated plate 101, and filter chamber is divided into upper and lower two layers, and lime particles are placed in the lower layer to form an alkaline filter layer 102, activated carbon particles are placed on the upper layer to form an activated carbon adsorption filter layer 103, and a refueling hole 104 is provided on the side wall of the filter; a pry handle for loosening the garbage material layer is installed in the ash chamber of the incinerator, and the pry handle is formed by loosening the material layer. The ejector rod 16, the connecting frame 17 and the crowbar 15 are formed. By shaking the crowbar 15 outside the furnace up and down, the ejector rod is turned up and down the material layer to improve and accelerate the pyrolysis and incineration of garbage. In the drawing, 13 is an ash discharge door, 14 is a furnace door, and 19 is a blower fan.

Claims (5)

1. A pyrolysis incinerator for medical waste, the furnace body is provided with an ash chamber (2), a fire grate (4), a pyrolysis chamber (5), a gas phase combustion chamber (9), and a chimney (10) from bottom to top , be provided with burner (3) under fire grate, the side wall of pyrolysis chamber is provided with feed cylinder (11), it is characterized in that said pyrolysis chamber (5) and gas phase combustion chamber (9) are provided with There is a conical constriction (8), and a combustion-supporting burner (6) is provided at the lower part of the conical constriction (8), and an annular air chamber (7) is formed around the conical constriction (8). The lower side wall of the constricted neck (8) is provided with several rows of spray pipes (81) intersecting each other to introduce the wind in the annular air chamber into the inner cavity of the conical constricted neck. 2. The pyrolysis incinerator for medical waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle of the said blast pipe (81) enters the furnace cavity tangentially. 3. The medical waste pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that said combustion-supporting burner (6) adopts an axial built-in cyclone burner, and the jet holes around the core chamber of the burner are tangentially introduced into the core room. 4. The medical waste pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that said fire grate (4) is a hollow fire grate with two rows of upper and lower rows, and the cavity in the fire grate is connected with the air inlet header , and there are air holes for oblique downward injection on the grate. 5. The medical waste pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that said chimney (10) is a filter-chimney integrated structure, and an alkaline filter layer (102) and An activated carbon filter adsorption layer (103).

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