CN1355065A - 聚羟基脂肪酸酯作为吸油材料在除去油污中的应用 - Google Patents
聚羟基脂肪酸酯作为吸油材料在除去油污中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种以聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHAs)为主要原料制备生物可降解吸油材料的方法,属于环境保护和新材料应用范畴。PHAs可塑性强,易加工成型,且具有十分良好的亲油疏水性,可以完全吸收各种油料、润滑油脂和其它水不溶性有机化合物。采用这种对环境无害的新型材料可制备吸油性粉剂、发泡板材、筒材、丝状纤维或吸油毡、吸油片等。
Description
本发明涉及环境保护和新材料应用范畴，具体地说涉及聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHAs)作为吸油材料在除去油污中的应用、利用聚羟基脂肪酸酯作为吸油材料除去油污的方法以及一种所述的吸油材料以的制备方法。
吸油材料用途十分广泛。但目前生产的这类材料大多是以有毒有害的石油化工原料为基础的人工合成聚合物吸油材料，如丙纶、尼龙、聚氨酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯等，这些物质极难生物降解，有的甚至在数百年内都不能降解。这些材料吸油后处置十分困难，燃烧后会产生有毒有害气体如氮氧化物和二恶英等，导致严重的二次污染。因此需要新的吸油材料以克服上述的缺点。
申请人发现，PHAs是一种100％生物可降解材料，其制品在环境中可借助于微生物的作用而自然降解，燃烧时速度很快，中间产物极少。PHAs可塑性强，易加工成型且具有十分良好的亲油疏水性，可以完全吸收各种油料、润滑油脂和其它水水溶性有机化合物，能在数十秒内达到饱和吸收。这种生物绿色材料洁白无暇，无毒无味，完全符合环境卫生学要求。
根据本发明的一方面，提供了聚羟基脂肪酸酯作为吸油材料在除去油污中的应用。在上述应用中，所述的聚羟基脂肪酸酯是一族高分子材料，其结构通式为：
其中n＝1，2，3，4；R为正烷基侧链，范围从甲基至壬基。
根据本发明，还提供了一种除油方法，包括将利用聚羟基脂肪酸酯为原料制备的可完全生物降解的环保型吸油材料施用于油污源，其中所述的聚羟基脂肪酸酯是一族高分子材料，其结构通式为：
其中n＝1，2，3，4；R为正烷基侧链，范围从甲基至壬基。
根据本发明，提供一种利用以生物发酵技术生产的新材料一聚羟基脂肪酸酯为原料制备可完全生物降解的环保型吸油材料的方法，其主要特征是：该环保型吸油材料的基本原料为聚羟基脂肪酸酯(polyhydroxyalkanoates，PHAs)。
所述的聚羟基脂肪酸酯原料是利用生物发酵技术生产的，包括采用各种类型的微生物(包括基因工程菌)发酵制备或采用基因植物生产聚羟基脂肪酸酯(包括采用各种不同的原料，如淀粉、大米、葡萄糖、糖蜜、烃类、醇类、转基因植物、CO2、H2、O2等)。这些技术见CN1190674A和工业微生物，1997年第27卷，第3期，第37-41页。
作为本发明的环保型吸油材料，以聚羟基脂肪酸酯为唯一或主要原料制备完全生物降解的吸油材料，材料的具体形态可以是不同直径的粉料、发泡板材、筒材、丝状或中空丝状纤维或吸油毡、吸油袋、吸油片等。
本发明的方法可应用于海上或陆地水域水表面溢油的回收，含油废水处理，机械加工车间油污染清除，厨房油烟油污的净化，港口、码头污染治理，汽车维修油污清理，石油化工污染控制等。
PHAs是一种符合环保要求的理想的吸油材料，采用这种材料可加工各种不同形状和要求的吸油材料，方法如下：
将PHAs研磨加工，可制得各种不同粒径的PHAs吸油性粉剂(不同粒径的粉剂适合于不同的油品的吸收)，将PHAs材料加热熔喷即可制得PHAs丝状纤维吸油材料，将其丝状纤维一步加工，可制成PHAs吸油毡或吸油片。也可以筛网袋将PHAs粉剂包装成袋或长条的绳状物，制成吸油袋或吸油绳。
另外，可采用PHAs作为主要原料与少许人工合成的化工原料，例如聚烯烃如聚乙烯、聚丙烯或聚酯如聚氨酯等共熔而制得韧性和强度比单一PHAs材料更大的混合物吸油材料及其各种形状的吸油制品，这种混合材料具有很高的生物可降解性，其环境危害比单一人工合成化学吸油剂大大降低。
下面用实施例对本发明进行说明，但并不意味着对本发明的限定。
实施例：
本实施例采用PHAs族材料中最典型的二种聚合物：聚β-羟基丁酸酯(简称PHB)(重均分子量为45000)和β-羟基丁酸-戊酸酯共聚物(简称PHBV)(重均分子量为54000)进行实验。
采用微孔筛网片将粒径大于40目和粒径大于200目的两种PHAs粉剂各2克包装缝制成圆形袋，以轻质原油拟制得水表面溢油，将PHAs吸油袋放置水表面轻质原油中进行吸收，并以荷兰产ECOSOL牌吸油粉剂作参照，吸油情况如下：
*吸油试验系在室温18℃下进行的；**每克材料的吸油克数。
| 项目* | 吸油材料 | ||
| PHBV粉剂袋(＞40目) | PHBV粉剂袋(＞200目) | ECOSOL粉剂袋(荷兰产) | |
| 饱和吸油时间(秒) | 40 | 40 | 30 |
| 饱和吸油量(g/g**) | 9.4 | 6.6 | 11.7 |
采用β-羟基丁酸-戊酸酯共聚物(简称PHBV)进行试验，得到类似的结果。
Claims (8)
1.聚羟基脂肪酸酯作为吸油材料在除去油污中的应用。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用，其中所述的聚羟基脂肪酸酯是一族高分子材料，其结构通式为：
其中n＝1，2，3，4；R为正烷基侧链，范围从甲基至壬基。
3.如权利要求1所述的应用，其中所述的聚羟基脂肪酸酯与聚乙烯或聚氨酯等共熔作为混合物吸油材料。
4.如权利要求1所述的应用，其中所述的聚羟基脂肪酸酯是以生物发酵技术生产的。
5.一种除油方法，包括将利用聚羟基脂肪酸酯为原料制备的可完全生物降解的环保型吸油材料施用于油污源。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其中所述的聚羟基脂肪酸酯是一族高分子材料，其结构通式为：
其中n＝1，2，3，4；R为正烷基侧链，范围从甲基至壬基。
7.如权利要求6的方法，其中所述的聚羟基脂肪酸酯与聚乙烯或聚氨酯等共熔作为混合物吸油材料。
8.如权利要求7的方法，所述的油污源包括含油废水、机械加工车间油污、厨房油烟油污、汽车维修油污、石油化工污染等。
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| CN 00128391 CN1189240C (zh) | 2000-11-28 | 2000-11-28 | 聚羟基脂肪酸酯作为吸油材料在除去油污中的应用 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105155351A (zh) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-12-16 | 华南理工大学 | 一种植物纤维和pha复合吸油纸及其制备方法 |
| CN108442108A (zh) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-08-24 | 海盐县硕创服装研究所 | 亚麻纤维罩杯及其制备方法 |
| CN112495358A (zh) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-03-16 | 句容康泰膨润土有限公司 | 一种环保防渗的复合膨润土及其制备工艺 |
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2000
- 2000-11-28 CN CN 00128391 patent/CN1189240C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105155351A (zh) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-12-16 | 华南理工大学 | 一种植物纤维和pha复合吸油纸及其制备方法 |
| CN108442108A (zh) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-08-24 | 海盐县硕创服装研究所 | 亚麻纤维罩杯及其制备方法 |
| CN112495358A (zh) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-03-16 | 句容康泰膨润土有限公司 | 一种环保防渗的复合膨润土及其制备工艺 |
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| CN1189240C (zh) | 2005-02-16 |
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