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CN1343864A - 采用联合增压压缩和多组分制冷压缩的低温空气分离系统 - Google Patents

采用联合增压压缩和多组分制冷压缩的低温空气分离系统 Download PDF

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CN1343864A
CN1343864A CN01132974A CN01132974A CN1343864A CN 1343864 A CN1343864 A CN 1343864A CN 01132974 A CN01132974 A CN 01132974A CN 01132974 A CN01132974 A CN 01132974A CN 1343864 A CN1343864 A CN 1343864A
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air
fluid
compressor
component refrigrant
low temp
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K·W·马霍尼
D·P·博纳奎斯特
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Praxair Technology Inc
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Praxair Technology Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04218—Parallel arrangement of the main heat exchange line in cores having different functions, e.g. in low pressure and high pressure cores
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
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    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04145—Mechanically coupling of different compressors of the air fractionation process to the same driver(s)
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    • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
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    • F25J3/04175—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities at a pressure of substantially more than the highest pressure column
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
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    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04381—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion so-called companders
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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Abstract

一种低温空气分离系统,其中通过具有一个或一个以上增压压缩机和多组分制冷剂流体回路的多组分制冷剂流体压缩机的桥机提供压能,桥机的所有压缩机均由单一齿轮箱所提供的动力来驱动。

Description

采用联合增压压缩和多组分制冷压缩的低温空气分离系统
技术领域
总体而言，本发明涉及低温空气分离，更具体地说，本发明涉及在低温空气分离系统操作中流体的压缩。
背景技术
在传统的低温空气分离系统的操作中使用了一系列的压缩机。其中一些可能用于压缩产品，一些用于压缩进料空气，另一些则用于运行各种内回路如蒸汽泵或液化剂回路。由于压缩机的安装、维护和运转相当昂贵，因此在使用与低温空气分离装置联合的压缩设备中的任何改进都是迎合人们的需要的。
因此，本发明的目标之一是提供一种具有改进的压缩布置的低温空气分离系统。
发明内容
对本领域技术人员而言在阅读了该公开后将变得显而易见的以上以及其他目标可通过本发明得以实现，本发明的一个方面是：
通过进料空气的低温精馏生产至少一种产品的装置，它包括：
(A)具有至少一个塔的低温空气分离设备；
(B)基础负荷空气压缩机，和将进料空气送至基础负荷空气压缩机的装置；
(C)至少一个增压压缩机，和将进料空气从基础负荷空气压缩机送至所述增压压缩机的装置，以及将进料空气从增压压缩机送至低温空气分离设备的装置；
(D)包括多组分制冷剂流体压缩机和膨胀设备的多组分制冷剂流体回路，和将由多组分制冷剂流体回路所产生的制冷作用送至低温空气分离设备的装置；
(E)齿轮箱，将增压压缩机驱动偶合至齿轮箱的装置，和将多组分制冷剂流体压缩机驱动偶合至齿轮箱的装置；和
(F)从低温空气分离设备中回收至少一种产品的装置。
本发明的另一个方面是：
通过进料空气的低温精馏生产至少一种产品的方法，它包括：
(A)将进料空气压缩至基础负荷的压力以得到基础负荷进料空气，并使至少一些基础负荷进料空气流过一个或一个以上增压压缩机；
(B)将进料空气从增压压缩机送入具有至少一个塔的低温空气分离设备；
(C)在多组分制冷剂流体压缩机中压缩多组分制冷剂流体并膨胀压缩后的多组分制冷剂流体以产生制冷作用；
(D)将由多组分制冷剂流体的膨胀所产生的制冷作用送入低温空气分离设备；
(E)通过单一齿轮箱为增压压缩机和多组分制冷剂流体压缩机的运转提供能量；和
(F)在低温空气分离设备内通过低温精馏分离进料空气以生产至少一种产品。
此处所用的术语“制冷作用”指的是从低温系统(如低温分离过程)的热排放至环境大气的能力。
此处所用的术语“低温空气分离设备”指的是通过低温精馏对进料空气进行分馏的设施，包括一个或一个以上的塔及其附属的管道、阀门和热交换设备。
此处所用的术语“进料空气”指的是主要包括氧气、氮气和氩气的混合物，如环境空气。
此处所用的术语“膨胀”指的是实施压力的减少。
此处所用的术语“产品氮”指的是氮的浓度至少为99％(摩尔)的流体。
此处所用的术语“产品氧”指的是氧的浓度至少为70％(摩尔)的流体。
此处所用的术语“产品氩”指的是氩的浓度至少为70％(摩尔)的流体。
此处所用的术语“大气气体”指的是以下的一种：氮(N2)、氩(Ar)、氪(Kr)、氙(Xe)、氖(Ne)、二氧化碳(CO2)、氧(O2)、氦(He)和一氧化二氮(N2O)。
此处所用的术语“可变负荷的制冷剂”指的是两种或两种以上组分的制冷剂混合物，这些组分的比例使得其液相在混合物的泡点与露点之间经历一个连续和升高的温度变化。混合物的泡点是在给定的压力下的温度，其中混合物全部为液相，但加入热量后将引发形成与液相平衡的汽相。混合物的露点是在给定的压力下的温度，其中混合物全部为汽相，但提取出热量后将引发形成与汽相平衡的液相。因此混合物的泡点与露点之间的温度区域为液相与汽相平衡共存的区域。在本发明的实践中，可变负荷的制冷剂的泡点与露点之间的温度差至少为10℃、优选至少为20℃、最优选至少为50℃。
此处所用的术语“塔”指的是蒸馏或分馏塔或区，也即接触塔或区，其中如通过使汽相与液相在一系列安装在塔内的垂直放置的塔盘或塔板和/或填充元件如结构填料或无规填料上进行接触，使液相与汽相逆流接触来实施流体混合物的分离。对于蒸馏塔进一步的讨论可参见Chemical Engineer’s Handbook，第5版，R.H Perry和C.H.Chilton编，McGraw-Hill Book Company，New York，第13节，连续蒸馏法。
术语“双塔”用来指高压塔的上部与低压塔的下部具有热交换关系。关于双塔的进一步讨论可参见Ruheman的“气体分离”，OxfordUniversity Press，1949年，第VII章，工业气体分离。
蒸汽与液体接触分离法取决于各组分不同的蒸汽压。高蒸汽压(或易挥发或低沸点)的组分将倾向浓缩于汽相，而低蒸汽压(或不易挥发或高沸点)组分则倾向浓缩于液相。部分冷凝是可利用冷却蒸汽混合物来将易挥发组分浓缩于汽相因而不易挥发的组分浓缩于液相的分离方法。精馏(或连续蒸馏)是通过对汽相及液相进行逆流处理获得连续部分汽化和部分冷凝的分离方法。汽相与液相的逆流接触通常是绝热的，可以包括各相之间的积分(分阶段的)接触或微分(连续的)接触。利用精馏的原理分离混合物的分离工艺设备通常可互换地称为精馏塔、蒸馏塔或分馏塔。低温精馏是一种至少部分在不超过150°开尔文(K)的温度下进行的精馏方法。
此处所用的术语“间接热交换”指的是各种流体之间在没有任何物理接触或相互混合的情况下使两种流体具有热交换关系。
此处所用的术语“汽轮膨胀”和“汽轮骤冷器”分别意指高压气体流经轴向或径向汽轮机以降低该气体的压力和温度籍此产生制冷作用的方法与装置。
此处所用的术语“压缩机”指的是用于增加气体压力的设备。
此处所用的术语“增压压缩机”指的是将进料空气的压力增加至其压力大于基础负荷的压力的压缩机。
此处所用的术语“产品锅炉”指的是热交换器，其中通过与进料空气进行间接热交换将来自低温空气分离设备的液体(通常压力增加)汽化。产品锅炉可以是独立应用的单元，也可以与冷却进料空气所用的热交换器结合使用。
此处所用的术语“汽轮增压压缩机”指的是通常用来提高气体(通常为一部分进料空气)压力、用来增进过程制冷作用的旋转叶轮单元的压缩机。使气体汽轮膨胀以产生制冷作用。
此处所用的术语“产品锅炉增压压缩机”指的是通常用来提高气体(通常为一部分进料空气)压力、用来汽化液体以提供气体产品的旋转叶轮单元的压缩机。一般对液体实施加压以便得到压力增加的汽化气体。
此处所用的术语“齿轮箱”指的是在能量供应者(即电动马达、蒸汽涡轮和气体骤冷器)与能量使用者(即气体压缩机、发电机)之间传送轴能(shaft energy)的设备。齿轮箱是一个对每个能量单元提供最佳轴速度的各个齿轮和及齿轮相关轴的整体组合。
附图说明
图1是本发明低温空气分离系统的一个优选实施方案的简化示意图。
图2是可用于本发明实践的压缩系统及其组合成低温空气分离系统的一个实施方案的更详尽的描述。
附图中对于共同元件的编号都是相同的。
具体实施方式
本发明将参照附图进行详细描述。现参照图1和2，将提供给低温空气分离设备的由进料空气流50所表示的进料空气送入基础负荷空气压缩机51内，在其中将空气流压缩成基础负荷压力(绝对压力范围通常为80-110磅/平方英寸(psia))。基础负荷压力向低温空气分离设备提供足够的能量以便将进料空气分离成产品氧、产品氮和产品氩中的一种或几种，得到公称压力的气态产品和标称数量的液体产品(通常约为进料空气的2％)。然后使基础负荷压力的进料空气96通过预纯化器52，清除各种高沸点杂质(如水蒸气、二氧化碳和烃)，再将洁净的基础负荷压力的进料空气53提供给桥机(bridgemachine)54(在图1中以方块的形式表示，在图2中则详细表示)。
桥机以有效的方式向低温空气分离设备提供一定的压能，使得能够回收一种或一种以上超过标称的高压气态产品，同时也能得到超过标称数量的液体。此外，桥机还使得可以改变设备所设定的这种特制产品(custom product)而不会影响效率。参照图2我们将详细描述桥机的布置。
现参照图2，将基础负荷压力的进料空气53分成汽轮增压流体流或部分2，和产品锅炉增压流体流或部分11。如需要，可将一种或一种以上其他部分的基础负荷压力的进料空气送入低温空气分离设备(进行或不进行进一步的压缩)。如对这种其他部分进行进一步的压缩，则优选通过齿轮箱60为压缩机输送能量。汽轮增压流体通过吸入节流或入口导流叶片3并作为流4进入汽轮增压压缩机55。在汽轮增压压缩机55内通常将汽轮增压流体的压力压缩至250-350psia的范围。冷却所得汽轮增压流体5的压缩热(例如经冷却器6)，然后通过阀7以流8进入主换热器56。如需要，部分或全部汽轮增压流体2可以流9绕过汽轮增压器55通过阀57。
冷却流8的汽轮增压流体然后将其送入低温空气分离设备。在本发明附图所示的实施方案中，将流8分成流20和22。流20通过主换热器56得到冷却，而流22通过制冷换热器156得以冷却。重新汇合所得冷却流21和23。在本发明图2所示的实施方案中，各种流在汽轮骤冷器58的上流汇合形成流24，其在通过汽轮骤冷器58时被汽轮膨胀，所得汽轮膨胀后的汽轮增压流体25进入低温空气分离设备。在示于图1的本发明实施方案中，各种流在汽轮骤冷器58的下游汇合形成流25进入低温空气分离设备。汽轮骤冷器58有与桥机54的齿轮箱60啮合的轴59，提供驱动桥机所需的至少部分能量。
流11的产品锅炉增压流体通过吸入节流或入口导流叶片12，并以流13进入第一产品锅炉增压压缩机61，在其中进行压缩。冷却压缩流体14的压缩热(如通过冷却器62)，然后以流15进入第二产品锅炉增压压缩机63，在其中得到进一步的压缩。冷却压力范围通常为200-550psia的所得产品锅炉增压流体16的压缩热(如通过冷却器17)，并以流18进入并通过主换热器56，在其中与回流进行间接热交换而得以冷却。如需要，可将流18的一部分19循环至产品锅炉增压压缩机(如图2所示)。然后将所得汽轮增压流体64送至产品锅炉65，在其中得到冷却并通常至少部分冷凝，同时起着将高压液体从低温空气分离设备中蒸出的作用。接着将所得产品锅炉增压流体66送入低温空气分离设备。
通过运转多组分制冷剂流体回路为低温空气分离设备的操作提供至少部分制冷作用。在附图所示的本发明实施方案中，将由多组分制冷剂流体回路所产生的制冷作用送入进料空气并与进料空气一起进入低温空气分离设备。
使流35的多组分制冷剂流体通过多组分制冷剂流体压缩机157压缩至通常为100-300psia范围的压力得到压缩后的制冷剂流体31。使压缩后的制冷剂流体通过后冷却器158冷却其压缩热，并且可能被部分冷凝。流32的多组分制冷剂流体通过制冷换热器156，在其中被进一步冷却并且被至少部分冷凝，也可以被全部冷凝。然后使经过冷却和压缩后的多组分制冷剂流体33通过膨胀装置(如阀159)进行膨胀或节流。优选节流部分蒸发多组分制冷剂流体、冷却流体并产生制冷作用。对于一些有限的情况而言，根据换热器的工况，压缩后的流体33在膨胀前可能是低温冷却的液体，在初期膨胀时可以仍保持液体形式。其后通过在换热器中加热，流体将具有两相。通过阀的流体的压力膨胀通过焦耳-汤姆孙效应将提供制冷作用，也即由于压力以恒定焓进行膨胀而使流体温度得以降低。但在一些情况下可利用两相或液体膨胀汽轮进行流体的膨胀，使得流体温度由于进行膨胀而得以降低。
然后使具有制冷作用的多组分两相制冷剂流体流34通过制冷换热器156，在其中进行加热并全部汽化，由此通过间接热交换来冷却流32，同时在换热器156中将制冷作用传递至进料空气流22，通过这样来将由多组分制冷剂流体制冷回路所产生的制冷作用送入低温精馏设备以便持续分离过程。然后将所得加热后的多组分制冷剂流体(蒸汽流35)循环至多组分制冷剂流体压缩机157，然后又开始新的制冷循环。在多组分制冷剂流体制冷循环中由于高压混合物在冷凝，低压混合物在沸腾，也即冷凝热煮沸了低压液体。在每一个温度水平中，汽化与冷凝的净差提供了制冷作用。对于一个给定制冷剂组分的组合而言，可得到的每一个温度水平下的制冷作用取决于混合物组成、流速和压力水平。
多组分制冷剂流体含有两种或两种以上的组分以便在每一个温度下提供所需的制冷作用。对于具体的应用方法而言各种制冷剂组分的选择将取决于制冷负荷与温度的关系。根据其标准沸点、潜热、可燃性、毒性和臭氧耗尽潜力来选择各种适宜的组分。
可用于本发明实践中的多组分制冷剂流体的一个优选实施方案包括选自碳氟化合物、氢氟烃(hydrofluorocarbons)和氟代醚中的至少两种组分。
可用于本发明实践中的多组分制冷剂流体的另一个优选实施方案包括选自碳氟化合物、氢氟烃和氟代醚中的至少一种组分以及至少一种大气气体。
可用于本发明实践中的多组分制冷剂流体的另一个优选实施方案包括选自碳氟化合物、氢氟烃和氟代醚中的至少两种组分以及至少两种大气气体。
可用于本发明实践中的多组分制冷剂流体的另一个优选实施方案包括至少一种氟代醚和至少一种选自碳氟化合物、氢氟烃、氟代醚和大气气体的组分。
在一个优选实施方案中多组分制冷剂流体仅由碳氟化合物组成。在另一个优选实施方案中多组分制冷剂流体仅由碳氟化合物和氢氟烃组成。在另一个优选实施方案中多组分制冷剂流体仅由碳氟化合物和大气气体组成。在另一个优选实施方案中多组分制冷剂流体仅由碳氟化合物、氢氟烃和氟代醚组成。在另一个优选实施方案中多组分制冷剂流体仅由碳氟化合物、氟代醚和大气气体组成。
可用于本发明实践中的多组分制冷剂流体可含有其他组分，如氢氯氟烃和/或烃。优选多组分制冷剂流体不含氢氯氟烃。在本发明另一个优选实施方案中多组分制冷剂流体不含烃。最优选多组分制冷剂流体既不含氢氯氟烃也不含烃。最优选多组分制冷剂流体为无毒的、不燃的和非臭氧耗尽的，并且最优选多组分制冷剂流体的每一种组分为碳氟化合物、氢氟烃、氟代醚或大气气体。最优选多组分制冷剂流体是一种可变负荷的制冷剂。
桥机由通过轴68向齿轮箱60提供动力的马达/发电机或其他原动机驱动。根据桥机上所有单元之间的净能平衡，马达/发电机可以获取动力。通过合适的轴将所有的汽轮增压压缩机、所有的产品锅炉增压压缩机和多组分制冷剂流体压缩机传动偶合至该单一的齿轮箱以便传递力或动力。
齿轮箱60含有传递与桥机的所有个别压缩机、骤冷器和电动马达相关的轴能所需的所有互连的齿轮。通常桥机包括主齿轮99，也即与主原动机(如电动马达67)相连的轴。另外的次齿轮(或小齿轮)100、101、102用来使个别或成对单元与主齿轮相连。此外，在主齿轮与小齿轮之间可以使用其他中间齿轮(未标出)以改变各个所附单元的齿轮比或转速。齿轮直径与齿轮齿的几何关系使得连接齿轮的转速与其齿轮直径成反比关系。
本发明共用齿轮箱的主要优点是其对每一个连接的骤冷器或压缩机提供最佳转速的能力。例如，通过使用共用齿轮箱，骤冷器不再局限于在与连接相同轴的压缩机相同的速度下运转。此外，使用单一齿轮箱能够不受骤冷器与压缩机能量需求的限制。因此可以将所有压缩机和骤冷器的阶段都设计成其最佳的速度、压力比和流量以满足工艺弹性和汽轮机的设计标准。同时单一齿轮箱最大限度地减少了机械损失(即轴承和齿轮的摩擦)并降低安装成本。整体和紧凑的装置减少了管道损失，并可以在车间安装而不用在现场安装。
任何适宜的低温空气分离设备都可以用于本发明的实践中。图1示意了一种这样的设备69，它包括具有高压塔70和低压塔71的双塔。该设备也具有氩侧臂塔(sidearm column)72。
现参照图1，汽轮增压流体25和产品锅炉增压流体66各自进入通常在75-300psia、优选在75-150psia的压力范围内操作的高压塔70。在高压塔70内流体通过进行低温精馏分离成富含氧的液体和富含氮的蒸汽。富含氧的液体以流73从塔70的底部经阀74进入低压塔71。富含氮的蒸汽则以流75从塔70的顶部进入主冷凝器76，在其中通过与沸腾塔71底部液体进行间接热交换而得以冷凝。所得富含氮的液体77分成作为回流返回塔70的流78和经过热器80并进入塔71的流79。富含氮的液体79的一部分81作为产品液氮进行回收。
低压塔71在低于高压塔70的压力下运转，通常其压力为15-20psia。各种进料在低压塔内通过低温精馏分离成富含氮的流体和富含氧的流体。富含氮的流体以蒸汽流82从塔71的顶部导出，通过过热器80和主换热器56而得以加热，并作为气态氮产品以流83加以回收。如需要，可在回收前使流83通过产品压缩机180进行压缩提高其压力。为了控制产品的纯度，在塔71低于流82导出点的位置导出废物流84，经过热器80和主换热器56而得到加热，并以流85从系统中除去。
将富含氧流体以液体流86从塔71的底部导出并经液体泵87泵至高压以得到高压的富含氧液体88。将富含氧液体88的一部分89作为产品液氧进行回收。将剩余的富含氧液体90送入产品锅炉65，在其中通过与产品锅炉增压流体进行间接热交换而得以汽化得到高压气态氧91。该高压气态氧91通过主换热器56而得到加热并以流92作为高压气态氧产品进行回收。如需要，可在回收前使流92通过产品压缩机181进行压缩提高其压力。
将主要包括氧和氩的流93从低压塔71送入氩侧臂塔72，在其中通过低温精馏将其分离成富含氩的流体和富含氧的流体。使富含氧的流体以流94返回低压塔71。将富含氩的流体作为产品氩95(可以是液态和/或气态形式)进行回收。
虽然本发明已按照优选实施方案进行了详细描述，但本领域的技术人员将会意识到在各项权利要求的精神和范畴内仍存在其他的实施方案。例如，除了附图中所示的那些实施方案外可以使用任何有效的方式以便为齿轮箱的运转提供动力，或者替代这些实施方案。其中一种这样的提供动力的方式是驱动偶合至齿轮系统的轴的流驱动汽轮。如需要，如用于热泵回路那样，可以使用通过齿轮箱60输送的能量提供动力的压缩机进行循环流体的压缩。无须使用汽轮增压器和汽轮骤冷器，并且基本上所有运转低温空气分离设备所需的制冷作用可来自多组分制冷剂流体回路。基础负荷空气压缩机和/或一个或一个以上产品压缩机也可以驱动偶合至桥机的单一齿轮箱。

Claims (10)

1.通过进料空气的低温精馏生产至少一种产品的装置，它包括：
(A)具有至少一个塔的低温空气分离设备；
(B)基础负荷空气压缩机，和将进料空气送至基础负荷空气压缩机的装置；
(C)至少一个增压压缩机，和将进料空气从基础负荷空气压缩机送至所述增压压缩机的装置，以及将进料空气从增压压缩机送至低温空气分离设备的装置；
(D)包括多组分制冷剂流体压缩机和膨胀设备的多组分制冷剂流体回路，和将由多组分制冷剂流体回路所产生的制冷作用送至低温空气分离设备的装置；
(E)齿轮箱，将增压压缩机驱动偶合至齿轮箱的装置，和将多组分制冷剂流体压缩机驱动偶合至齿轮箱的装置；和
(F)从低温空气分离设备中回收至少一种产品的装置。
2.权利要求1的装置，还包括制冷换热器，将进料空气送入制冷换热器和从制冷换热器送至低温空气分离设备的装置，其中用于将由多组分制冷剂流体回路所产生的制冷作用送至低温空气分离设备的装置包括制冷换热器。
3.权利要求1的装置，还包括汽轮骤冷器和用于将汽轮骤冷器驱动偶合至齿轮箱的装置。
4.通过进料空气的低温精馏生产至少一种产品的方法，它包括：
(A)将进料空气压缩至基础负荷的压力以得到基础负荷进料空气，并使至少一些基础负荷进料空气流过一个或一个以上增压压缩机；
(B)将进料空气从增压压缩机送入具有至少一个塔的低温空气分离设备；
(C)在多组分制冷剂流体压缩机中压缩多组分制冷剂流体并膨胀压缩后的多组分制冷剂流体以产生制冷作用；
(D)将由多组分制冷剂流体的膨胀所产生的制冷作用送入低温空气分离设备；
(E)通过单一齿轮箱为增压压缩机和多组分制冷剂流体压缩机的运转提供能量；和
(F)在低温空气分离设备内通过低温精馏分离进料空气以生产至少一种产品。
5.权利要求4的方法，其中将由多组分流体的膨胀所产生的制冷作用通过间接热交换送入进料空气流并与进料空气流一起进入低温空气分离设备。
6.权利要求4的方法，其中压缩后的多组分制冷剂流体的膨胀得到两相的多组分制冷剂流体。
7.权利要求4的方法，其中多组分制冷剂流体包括选自碳氟化合物、氢氟烃(hydrofluorocarbons)和氟代醚中的至少两种组分。
8.权利要求4的方法，其中多组分制冷剂流体包括选自碳氟化合物、氢氟烃和氟代醚中的至少一种组分以及至少一种大气气体。
9.权利要求4的方法，其中多组分制冷剂流体是一种可变负荷的多组分制冷剂流体。
10.权利要求4的方法，其中通过多组分制冷剂流体的膨胀所产生的制冷作用只用来持续低温精馏的制冷作用。
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