CN1336108A - Artificial method for breeding giant razor cham - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of artificial breeding of solen grandis Dunker inclues: finding out full propagation period, collecting parent shell, proceeding artificial parturition, washing oval, breeding out D-shape larva, selecting and breeding. To inhibit the growth of bacteria, precipitated and sand filtered sea water and medical complex heavy metal is used, bioenergy is used to raise the activity of larva. Better environment condition is created by feeding, changing water, controling light illumination, the breeding of larva is divided into two stages, i.e., pelagic period and hidden and perched period.

Description

Artificial method for breeding giant razor cham

The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, particularly razor shell (Solen grandisDunker) artificial breeding technique.

Razor shell is precious marine shellfish, and the existing market valency is only second to abalone, is about 20 times of scallop valency.Razor shell is individual big, reaches 14cm, and 100 grams weigh.Be characterized in that shell is thin, edible part is big, account for more than 90%.Fine and tender taste, delicious flavour.Razor shell can be cooked soup, can propagandize hotly, also can coolly transfer, and welcome by domestic and international travelling trader.Razor shell all has distribution in China from Liaoning to Hainan, but output is few.In Rizhao City, found the resource of razor shell the year before in the shallow sea, now carry out the work of the protection of propagation.In view of razor shell output few, economic worth is very high, with the phytoplankton is food, food chain is short, almost need not the bait expense, so carry out the artificial propagation and the aquaculture technical research of razor shell, provide more razor shell commodity to market, have crucial economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.

Technical essential of the present invention is: dissects by long-term investigation and sampling, found out its mating season in the locality, thus can obtain fertilized egg in batches, and then the larva that secures good health is cultivated; Obtain ovum and take physics, chemical stimulation or discharging naturally; The reinforced cultivating of parent shellfish buries it and dwells in the sand of cleaning; The cultivation of floating larvae takes low light to shine and inflation, is open-mouthed bait with the chrysophyceae, and uses antibiotic and activity enhancer ATP, and timing is Chi Xuanyou; When shell top larvae development to the eyespot larva, grow foot and can manage it when crawling activity, larva is moved into preprepared is covered with at the bottom of two layers of fine sand layer in the spatfall tank top Jia Shui, bottom discharge, the water property of a specified duration cultivation of burying the juvenile mollusk of dwelling.

Following substep illustrates technical scheme of the present invention

One, the investigation of razor shell mating season: because still there is not the information of razor shell reproductive biology at home, outward, the present invention dissected regularly in sea area investigation sampling in annual every month, observed its gonadal development condition.Grow the peak period at gonad, then increased the number of times that sampling is dissected in every month, to avoid missing the chance that physical maturity obtains ovum.Found out that razor shell is between June on May Day in coastal breeding period at sunshine.

Two, supporting temporarily of razor shell parent shellfish cultivated: the razor shell parent shellfish that catches from sea area Bian, do not obtain when producing through the stimulation by running water that dries in the shade, and put into the pond that is covered with 15cm sand, regularly bait throwing in, change water, control illumination, carry out reinforced cultivating, make it fatten accelerating.The parent shellfish is put in the water, on sand bed, can pierce Sha Zhongying very soon and bury the life of dwelling, and keeps its natural, ecological, can prolong the time-to-live.If minority can not pierce in the sand automatically, then should drag for and remove, prevent death, rotten, polluted water.Cultivate and use the husky medium particle diameter that adopts, needn't sieve, but need to eluriate totally, and through sterilization.

Three, adopt the ovum method: razor shell is adopted ovum, in the breeding peak period, can directly adopt ovum the close shellfish of collecting after telling husky washing.Also can be through drying in the shade 4 hours, flowing water was adopted ovum after stimulating in 1 hour again.The third method is, do not obtain product through stimulating, and then close shellfish is placed in the sterile pond water of sand bed and stores up, and normal bait throwing in, changes water, accelerating parent shellfish gonad, allows it discharge naturally.When D shape larva forms, again with 300 mesh sieve tulles with D shape larva trawlnet, move on in the other tank and cultivate.How the razor shell discharging is taking place at about 10 pm.

Four, the cultivation of floating larvae: after growing D shape larva from trochophore, in time screen special the cultivation.Cultivate in the 10/ml of density.Open-mouthed bait is a chrysophyceae, adds the throwing flat algae two days later.Trace is inflated, is changed water, and illumination is in 1001ux.Dispensing EDTA complexing heavy metal is alternately used penicillin and chloramphenicol control bacteria breed in water.When young vigor is not strong, use activity enhancer adenosine triphosphate (ATP).Seawater salinity is about 28 ‰.About 25 ℃ of water temperatures.Cultivating water needs through precipitation and strict husky filter.Pelagic period is fallen the pond once every three days.Up to the eyespot larva.

The cultivation of five, adhering to the back juvenile mollusk: the eyespot larva grows foot, can go the motion of swimming, and can adhere to again at the bottom of the pond, does the crawling exercises of crawling with foot, is about to larva this moment and all moves into preprepared and be covered with continuation cultivation in the spatfall tank at the bottom of two layers of fine sand layer.The spatfall tank divides two kinds of forms at the bottom of two layers of the present invention: the first self-designed " two layers of aquatic animal breeding device of fast-assembling ".Its two be in cement pit, prop two layers that honeycombed cement plate or seepage plate build at the bottom of the spatfall pond.Spatfall pond at the bottom of two layers of these two kinds of forms all can be done sand filter and be used when sand bed reaches certain thickness.In spatfall tank at the bottom of two layers, larva is buried from crawling to and dwells from swimming to crawling, because water adds above sand bed, discharges from its bottom again, and sand bed often obtains flushing, can not form sand bed stagnant water and makes the sand bed blackening, and juvenile mollusk can't be lived.So the spatfall tank can bury the biological permanent breed tank of dwelling at the bottom of two layers of this kinds.

When the razor shell juvenile mollusk pierce Sha Zhonghang bury dwell the life after, from bringing up to 3000-50001ux below the 1001ux, quantity of exchanged water is increased to 3-5 full dose every day gradually gradually in illumination.The present invention uses spatfall tank at the bottom of two layers of this two kinds of forms simultaneously, has cultivated successfully 500,000 in the razor shell seed of the long 10.4mm of average shell.

Process chart of the present invention is as 2.

Accompanying drawing 1 is the elevation cross-sectional view of spatfall tank at the bottom of two layers of the fast-assemblings.

Embodiment: the inventor between in May, 2000 to July, sunshine coastal adopting catch razor shell parent shellfish, carried out the reinforced cultivating of close shellfish, the research of adopting ovum and artificial raise seedling method is succeedd.Checked and accepted to July 22, bred 500,000 in the razor shell seed of the long 10.4mm of average shell.June 5, to adopt to the sea area and to catch 76 of close shellfishes, night, flowing water stimulated the back to move in the spawning pond in 1 hour, obtained product in late 10 o'clock through drying in the shade 4 hours.Male shellfish produces earlier, and the sperm that gives off is smoke-like.Female subsequently shellfish also begins discharging, and it is Powdered that ovum is.The drain time of every razor shell continues 10 minutes approximately.About the diameter 90u of ovum.The afterbody of sperm is very long, is about more than 20 times of head.Discharging finishes, and pulls close shellfish out, washes ovum twice.Under 24-25 ℃ water temperature, through more than 10 hours in June 6 at about 9 pm, grow D shape larva.About the long 120u of shell of D shape larva.From D shape larva, select excellent 3,000,000 to move into 1m with 300 order trawlnets ³Circular glass molten steel groove in cultivate, density is 5-6/ml.Cultivate water through twice husky filter of precipitation, and in water, add 5-10PPMEDTA complexing heavy metal.Add 1PPM penicillin or chloramphenicol and be used alternatingly, control growing of bacterium.Sea water specific gravity 1.017-1.020; Water temperature 23.5-28.8 ℃ (natural temperature); PH8-8.4; Below the pelagic period illumination 1001ux; With the inflation of gas exhausting stone trace.Open-mouthed bait is used chrysophyceae, and the density of throwing something and feeding is 1-1.5 ten thousand cells/ml.Add the throwing flat algae two days later, density is 0.3 ten thousand cells/ml; Chrysophyceae density is brought up to 20,000 cells/ml.Through 5-6 days cultivation, to June 12, embryophore reached about 230u, eyespot appears in the base portion at foot, foot stretches out outside the shell frequently, crawls to creep in the bottom sometimes, and promptly move into preprepared to 900,000 of eyespot larvas and be covered with continuation cultivation in the spatfall tank at the bottom of two layers of fine sand this moment.Tank has two kinds of forms at the bottom of two layers of this invention.One is a circular glass molten steel groove, is called " two layers of aquatic animal breeding device of fast-assembling ", usable floor area 1m ²Two.It two is area 5m ²5 of cement pits.Spatfall tank at the bottom of two layers is owing to outwards change water below sand bed, sand bed often obtains can not forming sand bed stagnant water towards Xian, makes the sand bed blackening, thereby juvenile mollusk can't be lived.So the spatfall tank can bury the permanent breed tank of the aquatic livestock that dwells at the bottom of these two layers.Behind the spatfall tank, larva by swimming to crawling, was buried by crawling to and dwells gradually at the bottom of the eyespot larva moved into two layers.At this moment, illumination is by bringing up to 3000-50001ux gradually below the 1001ux, and quantity of exchanged water is increased to 3-5 full dose every day gradually.

To June 24, the juvenile mollusk shell was long long to 5mm, survives 700,000.Continue to cultivate to July 22, check and accept metering, " amount to seedlings growing area 27m through the expert ², breed 49.95 ten thousand in the razor shell seed of the long 10.4mm of average shell, maximum individual 11mm observes that to perch growth normal, energetic, meets and does the usefulness that continues culture experiment ".

Claims (3)

1, a kind of artificial raise seedling method of razor shell comprises adopting in good time and catches close shellfish, reinforced cultivating of close shellfish and artificial stimulation discharging, the permanent cultivation of being fertilized and washing ovum hatching, floating larvae cultivation and burying the juvenile mollusk of dwelling.In cultivation, use medicine and activity enhancer.

It is characterized in that:

(1) said in good time adopting caught close shellfish, be regularly at sea area investigation sampling anatomic observation, do artificial fertilization test in case of necessity, at first determined razor shell sunshine the area breeding period be June on May Day during, adopt during this period and catch close shellfish, can obtain to adopt preferably the ovum effect.

(2) said reinforced cultivating parent shellfish and stimulation discharging are the close shellfishes that comes catching from the sea area, after drying in the shade 4 hours, add stimulation by running water again and move into the pond in 1 hour, urge it and lay eggs.If do not obtain product, then close shellfish is moved into and be covered with in the pond of sand bed, make close shellfish bury the life of dwelling, manual light control, bait throwing in, change water, carry out the reinforced cultivating accelerating of fattening.

(3) said fertilization and wash ovum hatching is behind close shellfish discharging sperm and ovum, close shellfish shifted out, and light stirring, ovum promptly is fertilized.At the bottom of the fertilized egg sedimentation basin, utilize siphonage that a large amount of sperms that suspend in water and the ovum of suspension are discharged.After the discharge, add new water again, stir, the measured fertilized egg of matter is precipitated again, ovum and sperm that sedimentation is slow are discharged outside the pond once more.Then add water, stirring or in addition trace inflation, make the fertilized egg three-dimensional hatching that suspends, arrive D shape larva always.This process adds 1PPM penicillin in water, the control bacteria breed.

(4) said floating larvae is cultivated, and is after growing D shape larva, in time utilizes 300 bolting silk trawlnets, and healthy D shape larva is selected excellent hauling-out from the upper strata, moves on in the ready cultivation tank, controls light, bait throwing in, changes water, uses medicine, and the trace inflation is cultivated.And in cultivation every the sterilization of falling the pond in two days, and therefrom further select excellent.

2, permanent cultivation of burying the juvenile mollusk of dwelling according to claim 1 is characterized in that the eyespot larva that begins to change over to the activity of crawling is transferred to the permanent cultivation of carrying out juvenile mollusk at the bottom of two layers that are covered with one deck fine sand in the spatfall tank.

(1) form of spatfall tank at the bottom of two layers of the present invention, one is so-called " two layers of aquatic animal breeding device of fast-assembling ", is a kind of circular glass molten steel groove.As figure, on cellular-plastic panels 5 and fine screen mesh 4, be covered with sand bed 2, juvenile mollusk 3 is lived in sand bed 2.Waste water overflows from drainpipe 6.After this tank uses up, can dismantle flexibly and move.

(2) second kind of form of spatfall tank is the cement pit structure of building at the bottom of two layers of the present invention, in cement pit, prop the honeycombed cement plate, or cement plate, plank and the plastic plate etc. of energy seepage, spread the above screen cloth of two-layer 80 orders onboard, the fine sand about the 5cm of screen cloth upper berth.In the water body on the eyespot larva immigration sand bed, promptly pierce Sha Zhongying after the metamorphosis and bury the life of dwelling.

3, medicine and the activity enhancer of in cultivation, using according to claim 1, be characterized in D shape larvae cultivation except that regular use penicillin and chloramphenicol control bacterium, when finding that the larva vigor is strong, still apply 1PPM adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at the cultivation water body.This bio-energy material can improve the vigor of larva, is safe from harm.

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