CN1334977A - Antenna unit and radio apparatus with internal same - Google Patents

Abstract

Two single-wavelength antenna elements (1) and (2) are arranged in a diamond-shaped manner facing each other, so that one end of the antenna elements (1) and (2) has a feeding part (3) and the other end (4) thereof is open-circuited, and the angle (α) of each bent portion (1a) and (2a) of the centers of the antenna elements (1) and (2), respectively, is selected as the optimum angle for obtaining the optimum radiation directivity with a simple structure, whereby An antenna arrangement with higher gain is obtained. Therefore, a small-sized and low-profile antenna device can be realized as a mobile communication antenna in UHF and submicrowave bands.

Description

Antenna device and radio equipment incorporating the antenna device

Technical field

The present invention relates to an antenna device used in a mobile communication system such as a PHS or the like, and a radio device incorporating the antenna device.

Background technique

Hitherto, antenna devices used in radio base station equipment or fixed radio terminal equipment in mobile communication systems such as PHS and the like have been required to have a high gain. Therefore, multistage collinear array antennas such as those shown in JP-A-5-267932, JP-A-9-232851 and JP-A-8-139521 are used. In this type of antenna, antennas that are non-directional in the horizontal plane with respect to vertically polarized waves are arranged vertically in multiple stages to narrow the directivity in the vertical plane, thereby ensuring higher gain.

An endfire array antenna typified by a Yagi antenna or a dipole antenna including a reflector, such as those described in JP-A-5-259733 and JP-A-8-304433, is also used. In this type of antenna, the passive elements are arranged in parallel to the direction of the main radiation, thereby ensuring a high gain.

A broadside array antenna typified by a patch array antenna, such as the antenna described in JP-A-6-334434, is also used. In this type of antenna, a plurality of antennas are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the direction of main radiation for distributed feeding, thereby ensuring a high gain.

Low-profile antennas typified by loop antennas or slot antennas including reflectors, such as those described in JP-A-6-268432 and JP-U-6-44219, are also used.

On the other hand, as an antenna known as a broadside-firing array antenna, two single-wavelength antennas are arranged in a square or circular form, as described on page 366 of "Antenna Handbook" (CQPublication Co., Ltd). As mentioned, this antenna is mainly used in the VHF band.

However, in the aforementioned conventional multi-stage collinear array antenna, a large number of antennas need to be vertically arranged in multiple stages to ensure a high gain. For example, a height of about 1 meter is required to obtain a gain of 10 dB in the 1900 MHz band. Therefore, there are problems in securing an antenna installation space and mechanical strength. Furthermore, this type of antenna is not suitable for incorporation in radio equipment due to its height.

In addition, in the aforementioned conventional endfire array antenna, a large number of antennas need to be arranged in the direction of main radiation to ensure a high gain. Therefore, there are problems in securing an antenna installation space and mechanical strength. Furthermore, this type of antenna is not suitable for incorporation in radio equipment due to its structure.

In addition, in the aforementioned conventional broadside array antenna, a large number of antennas need to be arranged in a plane perpendicular to the main radiation direction to ensure a high gain. Therefore, the total area of the antenna is increased, so there are problems in securing the antenna installation space and mechanical strength. Furthermore, this type of antenna is not suitable for incorporation in radio equipment due to its large area.

Furthermore, although conventional low-profile antennas are formed in a small-sized low-profile structure, there is a problem that the directivity of radiation cannot be optimally provided to provide desired characteristics.

In the aforementioned antenna formed by two single-wavelength antennas arranged in a square or circular form, only the directivity of radiation in a predetermined vertical plane and in a predetermined horizontal plane can be obtained, so there is a problem that it cannot be used The directionality of the radiation optimally provides the desired characteristics.

The present invention is intended to substantially solve the various problems described above, and it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an antenna arrangement in which optimum radiation can be achieved in a broadside array antenna with two single-wavelength antennas Directionality, and can obtain high gain and strong functions with a simple structure, and can be used as a small-sized low-profile antenna for mobile communication systems in UHF and sub-microwave bands.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is designed so as to be able to select an optimum angle for the bending angle at the center of each single-wavelength antenna element in a broadside array antenna in which two single-wavelength antenna elements are provided. Therefore, there is provided an antenna device in which desired radiation directivity can be obtained with a simple structure and has a high gain.

Furthermore, the present invention is designed to connect a plurality of antennas to the aforementioned opening portion on the forward end of each antenna. Therefore, an antenna device having a high gain and a simple planar structure is provided.

In addition, the present invention is designed so that a plurality of antennas are connected in parallel with each other at the feeding section. Therefore, an antenna device having a high gain and a simple planar structure is provided.

Furthermore, the present invention is designed to form the aforementioned antenna by a pattern printed on a dielectric substrate. It is therefore possible to provide an antenna device in which desired directivity can be obtained with a small size and a simple structure, and which has a high gain.

Furthermore, the present invention is designed so that a plurality of antennas are connected to each other by a transmission line having a predetermined electrical length. Therefore, it is possible to provide an antenna device in which the antenna as a whole is easily extended in the Y-plane direction, and desired directivity and high gain can be obtained.

Furthermore, the present invention is designed to arrange two pairs of the aforementioned antennas so that the main polarization directions are perpendicular to each other, and to feed a plurality of antenna devices with a phase difference of 90 degrees. Therefore, it is possible to provide an antenna device in which desired directivity of radiation can be obtained with a simple planar structure to realize a circularly polarized antenna having a high gain.

Furthermore, the present invention is designed to form two pairs of the aforementioned antennas by printed patterns provided on opposite surfaces of the dielectric substrate. Therefore, it is possible to provide an antenna device in which desired directivity of radiation can be obtained with a small size and a simple planar structure to realize a circularly polarized antenna with a high gain.

In addition, the present invention is designed to provide reflectors close to the antenna. Therefore, it is possible to provide an antenna device in which desired radiation directivity can be obtained with a simple planar structure and has high gain.

In addition, the design of the present invention provides multiple passive elements close to the antenna. Therefore, it is possible to provide an antenna device in which desired radiation directivity can be obtained with a simple planar structure and has high gain.

In addition, the present invention is designed so that the aforementioned antenna is set as a radiator and a reflector, while a plurality of wave directors (wave directors) are set in the direction of the main radiation at the same time, and each wave director is shaped similar to that of each antenna. shape. Therefore, it is possible to provide an antenna device in which desired radiation directivity can be obtained with a simple structure and has a high gain.

Furthermore, the present invention is designed to provide two pairs of the aforementioned antennas, and make the directions of main polarization the same as each other and the directions of main radiation different from each other, thereby feeding a plurality of antennas with a phase difference of 90 degrees from each other. Therefore, it is possible to provide an antenna device in which desired radiation directivity can be obtained with a simple structure and has a high gain.

Furthermore, the present invention is designed such that two pairs of the aforementioned antennas are provided, and the directions of main polarization are made to be the same as each other and the directions of main radiation are different from each other. Therefore, it is possible to provide an antenna device in which desired radiation directivity can be obtained with a simple structure and has a high gain.

In addition, the present invention is designed such that a plurality of the aforementioned antennas are provided, and the directions of main polarization are made identical to each other while the directions of main radiation are different from each other, and control is performed so that the relative polarities of one or more antenna devices among a plurality of antenna devices are The antenna elements are partially electrically connected to each other. Therefore, it is possible to provide an antenna device in which the directivity of radiation can be changed with a simple structure and has a high gain.

Furthermore, the present invention is designed such that a quarter-wavelength stud is connected to the feeding point, whereby feeding is performed at a position where the impedance of the stud is optimal. Therefore, it is possible to provide an antenna device in which high impedance matching can be obtained with a small matching circuit having a simple structure and high gain.

Furthermore, the present invention is designed such that the antenna device includes a first single-wavelength slot element and a second single-wavelength slot element, the first single-wavelength slot element being arranged in the conductor plate so as to be at the center of the first slot element at an angle α bent, the second single-wavelength slot element is arranged in the conductor plate so as to be bent at an angle α at the center of the second slot element, wherein the first and second slot elements are arranged in a diamond-shaped manner facing each other, and wherein the first and Respective one ends of the second slot members are connected to each other to provide feeding portions at the ends. Therefore, it is possible to provide an antenna device realizing a slot antenna with a high gain with a simple planar structure.

In addition, the present invention is designed so that, among the aforementioned slot antennas, the bending angle at the center of each single-wavelength slot element is selected to be an optimum angle to achieve optimum radiation directivity. Therefore, a slot antenna is provided in which an optimum radiation directivity is achieved with a simple planar structure and a high gain is achieved.

Furthermore, the present invention is designed so that a plurality of slot antennas as described above are connected to the opening portion of the front end of the antenna. Therefore, it is possible to provide an antenna device capable of realizing a slot antenna having a high gain with a simple planar structure.

Furthermore, the present invention is designed so that a plurality of slot antennas as described above are connected to each other in parallel at the feeding portion. Therefore, an antenna device can be provided to realize a slot antenna in which optimum radiation directivity can be obtained with a simple planar structure and high gain.

Furthermore, the present invention is designed to form a plurality of slot antennas by printing patterns on a dielectric substrate. Therefore, an antenna device can be provided to realize a slot antenna in which optimum directivity can be achieved with a small size and a simple planar structure and high gain.

Furthermore, the present invention is designed to provide a reflection plate close to the slot antenna. It is thus possible to provide an antenna arrangement for realizing a slot antenna in which a desired radiation directivity can be obtained with a simple planar structure and a high gain.

Furthermore, the present invention is designed to provide multiple passive elements close to the slot antenna. It is thus possible to provide an antenna arrangement for realizing a slot antenna in which a desired radiation directivity can be obtained with a simple planar structure and a high gain.

In addition, the present invention is designed so that the aforementioned antenna device is built in radio equipment. It is therefore possible to provide a radio device incorporating an antenna in which desired radiation directivity and high gain can be obtained with a small size and a simple structure.

Furthermore, the invention is devised such that a plurality of antenna arrangements as described above are arranged to form a sectored antenna arrangement for a radio base station. Therefore, it is possible to provide an antenna device to realize a diversity antenna or a sector antenna in which desired radiation directivity can be obtained with a small size and a simple structure and a high gain.

Furthermore, the present invention is designed to provide reflectors to be commonly used in a plurality of antenna devices. Therefore, it is possible to provide an antenna device to realize a diversity antenna or a sector antenna in which desired radiation directivity can be obtained with a small size and a simple structure and a high gain.

Furthermore, the present invention is devised such that a plurality of antenna devices described above are arranged to form a sector antenna device for a radio base station, and the sector antenna device is provided in the radio base station. Therefore, there is provided a radio base station having a built-in diversity antenna or sector antenna in which a required radiation directivity can be obtained with a small size and a simple structure and a high gain.

Furthermore, the present invention is designed so that each of the two antenna elements is bent at an angle α at its center, and the angle α is selected as an angle at which optimum radiation directivity can be obtained. Therefore, it is possible to provide a method of controlling the directivity gain of an antenna in which desired radiation directivity can be obtained with a simple planar structure and high gain.

A brief description of the drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 shows the structural view of the antenna device according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 shows a typical view for explaining the operation of the antenna device shown in Figure 1;

Accompanying drawing 3 is shown as the graph of radiation mode (pattern) in the horizontal plane of the antenna device shown in accompanying drawing 1;

Accompanying drawing 4 is a graph showing the radiation pattern in the vertical plane of the antenna device shown in Fig. 1;

5 to 23 are structural views of antenna devices according to second to twentieth embodiments of the present invention, respectively.

Detailed description of the preferred embodiment

The antenna device of the present invention described in claim 1 includes a first single-wavelength antenna element bent at an angle α at the center of the first antenna element and a second single-wavelength antenna bent at an angle α at the center of the second antenna element elements, wherein the first and second antenna elements are arranged in a diamond-shaped manner facing each other, wherein the feed portion is arranged at one end of the first and second antenna elements, wherein the other ends of the first and second antenna elements are open-circuited, and the selected angle α is the optimum angle. An optimum directivity of the radiation can thus be obtained with a simple planar structure. An antenna arrangement with higher gain can thus be realized.

The antenna device of the present invention recited in claim 2 is constituted such that a plurality of other first and second antenna elements are connected to the front ends of the above first-mentioned first and second antenna elements. Therefore, an optimum radiation directivity with increased gain in the direction of main radiation can be obtained with a simple planar structure. An antenna arrangement with higher gain can thus be realized.

The antenna device of the present invention recited in claim 3 is constructed so that the angle α bent at the center of each of the first and second antenna elements is selected as an angle at which optimum radiation directivity can be obtained. Optimum radiation directivity can thus be obtained with a simple planar structure. An antenna arrangement with higher gain can thus be realized.

In the antenna device of the present invention described in claim 4, a plurality of antenna devices described in claim 1 are connected in parallel to each other at the feeding section. An antenna arrangement with a high gain can thus be realized with a simple planar structure.

The antenna device of the present invention recited in claim 5 is constructed so that the angle α bent at the center of each of the first and second antenna elements is selected as an angle at which optimum radiation directivity can be obtained. Furthermore, in the case where a plurality of antenna devices are connected in parallel with each other in the feed section, it is possible to achieve optimum radiation directivity with a small size and a simple planar structure. An antenna arrangement with higher gain can thus be realized.

The antenna device of the present invention recited in claim 6 is constituted by forming the first and second antenna elements by printing patterns on the dielectric substrate. Furthermore, in the case of forming the antenna arrangement by printing a pattern, an optimum radiation directivity can be achieved with a small size and a simple two-dimensional structure. An antenna arrangement with higher gain can thus be realized.

The antenna device of the present invention recited in claim 7 is constituted by connecting the other plurality of first and second antenna elements to the above-mentioned first and second antenna elements, respectively, via transmission lines, each of which is Has a fixed electrical length. The overall length of the antenna can thus be extended to a desired value in the Y-plane, so that the required radiation directivity can be obtained. An antenna arrangement with higher gain can thus be realized.

The antenna device of the present invention described in claim 8 is constituted such that the two pairs of antenna devices described in one of claims 1 to 4 are arranged in such a manner that the main polarization directions cross each other perpendicularly, and by These two pairs of antenna arrangements are fed 90 degrees out of phase with each other. The desired radiation directivity is thus obtained with a simple planar structure. It is thus possible to obtain an antenna arrangement which enables a circularly polarized antenna with a higher gain to be realized.

The antenna device of the present invention described in claim 9 is constituted as the antenna device described in claim 6 by printing patterns provided on the opposite surfaces of the dielectric substrate. Furthermore, in the case where two pairs of antenna devices are formed with printed patterns whose main polarization directions cross each other perpendicularly, desired radiation directivity can be obtained with a small size and a simple planar structure. It is thus possible to obtain an antenna arrangement which enables a circularly polarized antenna with a higher gain to be realized.

The antenna device of the present invention described in claim 10 is constituted by setting the antenna device described in claim 4 or 5 in such a manner that the directions of main polarizations are made to cross each other perpendicularly, and at 90 degrees to each other. The phase difference feeds multiple antenna arrangements. The desired radiation directivity is thus obtained with a simple planar structure. It is thus possible to obtain an antenna arrangement which enables a circularly polarized antenna with a higher gain to be realized.

The antenna device of the present invention recited in claim 11 is constituted such that a reflection plate is provided close to the antenna element. The desired radiation directivity can thus be obtained with a simple planar structure. An antenna device with higher gain can thus be obtained.

The antenna device of the present invention recited in claim 12 is constituted such that a plurality of parasitic elements are provided close to the antenna element. The desired radiation directivity can thus be obtained with a simple planar structure. An antenna device with higher gain can thus be obtained.

The antenna device of the present invention described in claim 13 is constituted so that the antenna device described in any one of claims 1 to 11 is provided as a radiator and a reflector, while multiple waveguides, and each waveguide has a shape similar to that of each antenna device. Therefore, desired radiation directivity can be obtained with a simple structure. An antenna device with higher gain can thus be obtained.

The antenna device of the present invention described in claim 14 is constituted so that the antenna device described in any one of claims 1 to 6 is arranged in such a manner that the directions of the main polarizations are made identical to each other and the main radiation directions are mutually identical. 90 degrees out of phase, so multiple antennas are fed 90 degrees out of phase with each other. Therefore, desired radiation directivity can be obtained with a simple structure. An antenna device with higher gain can thus be obtained.

The antenna device of the present invention described in claim 15 is constituted so that the two pairs of antenna devices described in any one of claims 4 to 6 are arranged in such a manner that the directions of the main polarizations are made identical to each other and the main radiation The directions are different from each other. Therefore, desired radiation directivity can be obtained with a simple structure. An antenna device with higher gain can thus be obtained.

The antenna device of the present invention described in claim 16 is constituted so that a plurality of antenna devices described in any one of claims 1 to 6 are arranged in such a manner that the directions of the main polarizations are made identical to each other and the main radiation The directions are different from each other, and opposing antenna elements of at least one antenna device among the plurality of antenna devices are partially electrically connected/disconnected to each other. It is thus possible to vary the directivity of the radiation with a simple structure in order to achieve the desired radiation directivity. Therefore, a variable directivity antenna device with higher gain can be obtained.

The antenna device of the present invention recited in claim 17 is constructed such that a quarter-wavelength stub is connected to the feeding point, whereby feeding is performed at a position where the impedance of the stub is optimal. Therefore, high impedance matching can be obtained with a small matching circuit having a simple structure. An antenna device with higher gain can thus be obtained.

The antenna device of the present invention described in claim 18 includes a first single-wavelength slot element and a second single-wavelength slot element, the first single-wavelength slot element being disposed in a conductor plate so as to be at an angle at the center of the first single-wavelength slot element. α-bending, the second single-wavelength slot element is arranged in the conductor plate so as to bend at an angle α at the center of the second slot element, wherein the first and second slot elements are arranged in a diamond-shaped manner facing each other, and wherein the feed A portion is disposed at one end of the first and second slot members. The desired radiation directivity can thus be obtained with a simple planar structure. Therefore, a slot antenna with higher gain can be obtained.

The antenna device of the present invention recited in claim 19 is configured so that the angle α is selected to be an angle at which optimum radiation directivity can be obtained. Optimum radiation directivity can thus be obtained with a simple planar structure. Therefore, a slot antenna with higher gain can be obtained.

The antenna device of the present invention recited in claim 20 is constituted by connecting a plurality of other first and second slot antennas to the front ends of the above first-mentioned first and second slot antennas. Thus, with a simple planar structure, a slot antenna with high gain can be realized, which can further increase the gain in the main radiation direction.

The antenna device of the present invention recited in claim 21 is configured so that the angle α is selected to be an angle at which optimum radiation directivity can be obtained. Optimum radiation directivity can thus be obtained with a simple planar structure. Therefore, a slot antenna with higher gain can be obtained.

The antenna device of the present invention described in claim 22 is configured such that a plurality of antenna devices described in claim 18 are connected in parallel to each other in the feeding section. Therefore, a slot antenna with higher gain can be realized with a simple planar structure.

The antenna device of the present invention recited in claim 23 is configured so that the angle α is selected to be an angle at which optimum radiation directivity can be obtained. Optimum radiation directivity is thus obtained with a simple planar structure. Therefore, a slot antenna with higher gain can be obtained.

The antenna device of the present invention recited in claim 24 is constituted by a printed pattern formed on a dielectric substrate to form the conductor plate and the slot element. Optimum radiation directivity can thus be obtained with a small size and a simple planar structure. Therefore, a slot antenna with higher gain can be obtained.

The antenna device of the present invention recited in claim 25 is constituted such that the reflection plate is provided close to the conductor plate and the slot member. Therefore, desired radiation directivity can be obtained with a simple structure. Therefore, a slot antenna with higher gain can be obtained.

The antenna device of the present invention recited in claim 26 is constituted such that a plurality of parasitic elements are provided close to the antenna element. Therefore, desired radiation directivity can be obtained with a simple structure. Therefore, a slot antenna with higher gain can be obtained.

The radio equipment of the present invention described in claim 27 is constructed such that the antenna device described in any one of claims 1 to 26 is incorporated in the radio equipment. The desired optimum radiation directionality can thus be obtained. It is therefore possible to build an antenna with a relatively high gain into a radio device having a small size and a simple structure.

The antenna device of the present invention described in claim 28 is configured by providing a plurality of antenna devices described in any one of claims 1 to 26 . It is therefore possible to obtain the desired directivity of radiation with a small size and a simple structure. It is thus possible to realize a diversity antenna or a sector antenna with a higher gain.

The antenna device of the present invention recited in claim 29 is constituted to provide a reflecting plate so as to be shared by a plurality of antenna devices. It is therefore possible to obtain the desired directivity of radiation with a small size and a simple structure. It is thus possible to realize a diversity antenna or a sector antenna with a higher gain.

The radio base station of the present invention described in claim 30 is configured such that the radio base station has the antenna device described in claim 28 . It is therefore possible to obtain the desired directivity of radiation with a small size and a simple structure. It is thus possible to use a diversity antenna or a sector antenna with a higher gain.

The directivity gain control method of the present invention described in claim 31 is constituted by arranging the first and second antenna elements constituting the antenna device in a diamond-shaped manner facing each other, and feeding power to one end of the first and second antenna elements. While the other end is open, each of the first and second antenna elements is bent at its center at an angle α, which is chosen to obtain the best radiation directivity. The desired optimum radiation directivity can thus be achieved with a simple planar structure. Therefore, a method of controlling the directivity gain of an antenna having a higher gain can be realized.

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 23 .

(first embodiment)

First, an antenna device according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 . FIG. 1 is a structural view of an antenna device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a typical view for explaining the operation of the antenna device shown in FIG. 1. FIG. FIG. 3 shows a graph of the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane of the antenna arrangement shown in FIG. 1 . FIG. 4 shows a graph of the radiation pattern in the vertical plane of the antenna arrangement shown in FIG. 1 .

Referring to Fig. 1, the structure of an antenna device according to a first embodiment of the present invention is described below. In Fig. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a first antenna element; reference numeral 2 denotes a second antenna element; reference numeral 3 denotes a feeding portion; reference numeral 4 denotes an opening portion; and reference numerals 1a and 2a denote bent portions.

Next, the structure of the antenna device according to the present embodiment is described in more detail. Each of the first and second antenna elements 1 and 2 is composed of a conductor having a length of one wavelength. The first and second antenna elements 1 and 2 are bent by an angle α at the bent portions 1a and 2a, respectively. The first and second antenna elements 1 and 2 are arranged in an opposing diamond-shaped manner as shown in FIG. 1 . The length of each side of the rhombus is half a wavelength (λ/2). The feeding section 3 is provided on one end of the first and second antenna elements 1 and 2, respectively. The other ends of the first and second antenna elements 1 and 2 are electrically opened as the opening portion 4 . For example, when the operating frequency of the antenna device is set at 1900 MHz, the length of the first and second antenna elements 1 and 2 is approximately 158 mm, and each side of the rhombus is 79 mm long. The angle α is selected to be approximately in the range of 30 to 150 degrees.

Referring to Figures 2 to 4, the operation of the antenna device according to the present invention will be described below. In the antenna device as shown in the accompanying drawing 1, when the feeding part 3 is excited with a high-frequency signal, since the length of each side of the rhombus is a half wavelength (λ/2), so in the first and second antenna The current distribution in elements 1 and 2 is indicated by arrows 5a to 5d. As a result, the antenna device operates so that the respective horizontal components (Y-axis components) of the currents 5a to 5d cancel each other out while the respective vertical components (Z-axis components) of the currents 5a to 5d reinforce each other. Therefore, vertical (Z-axis) polarized electric waves are radiated. Radiation of vertically (Z-axis) polarized electric waves is strongest in the X-direction and -X-direction in FIG. 1 . In this case, a directivity gain of about 6 dB is obtained.

This working condition is equivalent to the working condition of an array antenna composed of four half-wavelength dipole antennas as set up in FIG. 2 . In Fig. 2, reference numerals 6a to 6d denote vertically polarized half-wavelength dipole antennas. The dipole antennas 6a to 6d are arranged at vertical and horizontal alignment intervals, the interval being determined based on the angle α' and the distance S between the dipole antennas 6a to 6d. When the dipole antennas 6a to 6d are each excited with signals of equal amplitude, a combined intense radiation is produced in the direction of the x-axis. Radiation patterns are determined from configuration coefficients resulting from vertical and horizontal configuration spacing.

In accompanying drawing 2, when the distance S is fixed at approximately 0.32λ (0.32 times the wavelength), the first and second antenna elements 1 and 2 in the antenna device according to the first embodiment shown in accompanying drawing 1 In the case where the angle α of each of the curved portions 1a and 2a is changed, the change in the radiation pattern is approximately equal to the change in the angle α' between the dipole antennas 6a to 6d of the antenna arrangement as shown in FIG. 2 changes in the radiation pattern. This state is described below with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 .

FIG. 3 is a graph showing radiation patterns of vertically polarized waves in the horizontal plane (XY plane) in each of the antenna devices shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 . The horizontal axis represents the angle of radiation (degrees), and an angle of 0 degrees represents the X direction. The vertical axis represents the relative value of the radiation energy level normalized by the radiation energy level in the direction of maximum radiation. In FIG. 3, reference numeral 7 denotes a radiation pattern in the case where the angle α of each of the bent portions 1a and 2a of the antenna device shown in FIG. 1 is equal to 60 degrees. Reference numeral 8 denotes a radiation pattern in the case where the angle α' between the dipole antennas in Fig. 2 is equal to 60 degrees. Reference numeral 9 denotes a radiation pattern in the case where the angle α of each of the bent portions 1a and 2a of the antenna device shown in Fig. 1 is equal to 120 degrees. Reference numeral 10 denotes a radiation pattern in the case where the angle α' between the dipole antennas in Fig. 2 is equal to 120 degrees.

Next, FIG. 4 is a graph showing a radiation pattern of vertically polarized waves in the vertical plane (XZ plane) of each antenna device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 . In FIG. 4 , reference numerals 7 to 10 are similar to those in FIG. 3 . Here, by changing the angle α of each of the bent portions 1a and 2a in the antenna device according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane and the vertical plane changes greatly. For example, as the angle α increases from 60 to 120 degrees, the half-value width of the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane (the width at which a radiation angle of -3 dB is obtained) decreases from 118 to 64 degrees, while the radiation in the vertical plane The half-value width of the pattern is increased from 50 to 68 degrees. The array antenna shown in Fig. 2 has a similar trend. For example, when the angle α of each curved portion 1a and 2a is increased from 30° to 150°, the half-value width of the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane changes roughly from non-directional to 47°, while the radiation pattern in the vertical plane has a Half-value width increased from 50 to 80 degrees.

Although the present embodiment has been shown as the case where the main polarization direction is the vertical direction (Z), in the case of rotating the antenna device as shown in FIG. 1 by 90 degrees to change the main polarization direction to the horizontal plane (Y) In this case, the same working conditions as described above can still be achieved by a horizontally polarized antenna.

As described above, in the antenna device according to the first embodiment, the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane and the vertical plane can be controlled by changing the angle α. Therefore, an antenna device having desired directivity and high gain can be realized with a simple planar structure.

(second embodiment)

Referring to Fig. 5, the following describes an antenna device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a structural view of an antenna device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In accompanying drawing 5, reference numeral 3 denotes a feeding portion; Reference numeral 4 denotes an opening portion; Reference numeral 11 denotes a first antenna element; Reference numeral 12 denotes a second antenna element; 12c denotes a curved portion.

In addition, the structure of the antenna device according to the present embodiment is described in more detail below. As shown in accompanying drawing 5, first and second antenna elements 11 and 12 are oppositely arranged so that two rhombic antenna devices are connected to each other, and each rhombic antenna device is composed of first and second antenna elements as shown in accompanying drawing 1 1 and 2 form. The length of each side of the rhombus is equal to half a wavelength (λ/2). i.e. each first and second antenna element 11 and 12 consists of a length equal to ? conductors of two wavelengths. The first and second antenna elements 11 and 12 are bent at an angle α at the bent portions 11a to 11c and 12a to 12c, respectively. The feeding section 3 is provided at one end of the first and second antenna elements 11 and 12, respectively. The opposite ends of the first and second antenna elements 11 and 12 are electrically open, as shown by the opening portion 4 .

Referring to FIG. 5, the operation of the antenna device according to this embodiment will be described below. In the antenna device constructed as above, when the feed section 3 is excited with a high-frequency signal, since the length of each side of the rhombus is equal to half a wavelength (λ/2), the distribution between the first and second antenna elements 11 and The current flow in each side of 12 is indicated by arrows 13a to 13h. As a result, this behavior is achieved such that the horizontal components of the respective currents (Y-axis components) cancel each other out, while the vertical components of the respective currents (Z-axis components) reinforce each other. Therefore, electric waves polarized vertically (Z-axis) are radiated. In FIG. 5 , the radio waves radiated in the X direction and -X direction are the strongest, so a directivity gain of about 9 decibels is obtained.

This behavior is roughly equivalent to that of an array antenna in which two antenna arrangements according to the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 are arranged in the Y direction. Therefore, in the antenna device according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane and in the vertical plane can be greatly changed by changing the angle α. For example, when the angle α increases from 60 to 120 degrees, the half-value width of the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane decreases from 50 to 30 degrees, while that in the vertical plane increases from 50 to 68 degrees . In this case, the half-value width of the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane is reduced by approximately half compared to the antenna arrangement according to the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 .

Incidentally, in the case of connecting a plurality of rhombic antenna elements to form one antenna device as in this embodiment, if the bent portions 11b and 12b of the connecting portion forming the rhombus are cut, the rhombuses are separated from each other. Then, if the first antenna elements 11 thus cut are connected to each other again by a transmission line having a fixed electrical length, and the second antenna elements 12 thus cut are connected to each other by a transmission line having a fixed electrical length, the antenna can be controlled as required. The overall length of the device.

As described above, in the antenna device according to the present embodiment, the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane and the vertical plane can be controlled by changing the angle α. Therefore, an antenna with desired directivity and high gain can be realized with a simple planar structure.

(third embodiment)

Referring to Fig. 6, an antenna device according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described below. Fig. 6 is a structural view of an antenna device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In accompanying drawing 6, reference numeral 3 represents a feeding portion; Reference numerals 4a and 4b represent an opening portion; Reference numerals 14 and 15 represent a first antenna element; Reference numerals 16 and 17 represent a second antenna element; 15a, 16a and 17a denote bent portions.

In addition, the structure of the antenna device according to the present embodiment is described in more detail below. Each of the first and second antenna elements 14 to 17 is formed of a conductor having a length of one wavelength. The first and second antenna elements 14 to 17 are bent at the angle α at the bent portions 14a to 17a, respectively. The first antenna elements 14 and 15 and the second antenna elements 16 and 17 are connected according to FIG. 6 . The feed section 3 provides a connection section between the first antenna elements 14 and 15 and the second antenna elements 16 and 17 . The other end is electrically open, as shown by the opening portions 4a and 4b.

Referring to FIG. 6, the operation of the antenna device according to this embodiment will be described below. In the antenna device constructed as above, when the feed section 3 is excited with a high-frequency signal, since the length of each side of the rhombus is equal to a half wavelength (λ/2), the distribution between the first and second antenna elements 14 to The current in each side of 17 flows as indicated by arrows 18a to 18h. As a result, this behavior is achieved such that the horizontal components of the respective currents (Y-axis components) cancel each other out, while the vertical components of the respective currents (Z-axis components) reinforce each other. Therefore, electric waves polarized vertically (Z-axis) are radiated. Radiation of electric waves polarized vertically (Z-axis) in the X direction and -X direction in FIG. 6 is the strongest, so that a directivity gain of about 9 dB is obtained.

This behavior is substantially equivalent to that of an array antenna in which two antenna arrangements according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 are arranged for parallel feeding in the Y direction. Therefore, in the antenna device according to the third embodiment shown in accompanying drawing 6, in the antenna device according to the third embodiment shown in accompanying drawing 6, in the case of changing the angle α, the radiation pattern The variation is approximately equal to the variation of the radiation pattern of the antenna arrangement according to the second element in FIG. 5 . In addition, the feed point impedance is reduced to not more than half of that of the antenna device according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, thereby facilitating impedance matching with the transmission line.

Although the present embodiment has described the case where the antenna devices are fed in parallel as shown in FIG. Effect.

As described above, in the antenna device according to the third embodiment, the feed point impedance can be reduced, and the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane and in the vertical plane can be controlled by changing the angle α. An antenna with desired directivity and high gain can thus be realized with a simple planar structure.

(fourth embodiment)

Referring to Fig. 7, the following describes an antenna device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a structural view of an antenna device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In accompanying drawing 7, reference numeral 4 represents an opening portion; Reference numeral 19 represents a dielectric substrate; Reference numeral 20 represents a first antenna pattern as a first antenna element; Reference numeral 21 represents a second antenna pattern as a second antenna element ; reference numerals 22 and 23 denote feed terminals; and reference numerals 20a and 21a denote bent portions.

In addition, the structure of the antenna device according to the present embodiment is described in more detail below. Each of the first and second antenna patterns 20 and 21 is composed of a printed pattern formed on the dielectric substrate 19 . The first and second antenna patterns 20 and 21 are bent at an angle α at bent portions 20a and 21a, respectively. The length of each of the first and second antenna patterns 20 and 21 on the dielectric substrate is selected to be equal to one wavelength. For example, when the effective relative permittivity of the dielectric substrate is 2, for an operating frequency of 1900 MHz, since the wavelength on the dielectric substrate is reduced to about half of the wavelength in free space, each of the first and second The length of the antenna patterns 20 and 21 is about 80 mm.

Referring to FIG. 7, the operation of the antenna device according to this embodiment will be described below. In the antenna device constructed as above, when the feed terminals 22 and 23 are excited with a high-frequency signal, the antenna device operates in the same manner as the antenna device according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 . Therefore, a more detailed description thereof is omitted here.

As described above, in the antenna device according to the fourth embodiment, it is possible to realize a desired directivity and a high gain with a small size and a simple planar structure by printing patterns on a dielectric substrate. antenna.

(fifth embodiment)

Referring to Fig. 8, the following describes an antenna device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 8 is a structural view of an antenna device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 8, reference numeral 24 denotes a dielectric substrate; reference numerals 25, 26, 27, and 28 denote antenna patterns serving as antenna elements; reference numerals 29, 30, and 31 denote feed terminals; and reference numerals 33 and 34 denote High frequency signal power supply.

In addition, the structure of the antenna device according to the present embodiment is described in more detail below. The antenna patterns 25 and 26 are made of printed patterns formed on one surface of the dielectric substrate 24 clad with copper on both sides, and the antenna patterns 27 and 28 are formed on the other surface of the dielectric substrate 24 clad with copper on both sides. Formed typographical composition. The length of each antenna pattern 25, 26, 27 and 28 on the dielectric substrate is selected to be equal to one wavelength. The combination of the antenna patterns 25 and 26 and the feed sections 29 and 30 and the combination of the antenna patterns 27 and 28 and the feed sections 31 and 32 function as independent antennas. Each antenna is operated in the same manner as the operation of the antenna arrangement according to the fourth embodiment in FIG. 7 .

Referring to Fig. 8, the operation of the antenna device according to the present invention will be described below. In the antenna device constructed as above, when excited from the high-frequency signal sources 33 and 34, the antenna patterns 25 and 26 radiate vertical (Z-direction) polarized waves, while the antenna patterns 27 and 28 radiate horizontal (Y-direction) ) polarized waves. Therefore, when the phases of the high-frequency signal sources 33 and 34 are selected to be 90 degrees out of each other, circularly polarized electric waves are radiated in the X direction and the -X direction, and thus, a directivity gain of about 6 dB is obtained. In addition, left-hand circularly polarized electric waves or right-hand circularly polarized electric waves are radiated in the X direction or -X direction. The direction of rotation is determined from the lead-lag relationship between the phases of the high-frequency signal sources 33 and 34 .

Incidentally, although the present embodiment has described the case where the antenna device is formed on a dielectric substrate, it is also possible to obtain the above-described same effect as described.

As described above, in the antenna device according to the fifth embodiment, a circularly polarized antenna with desired directivity and high gain is realized with a small size and a simple planar structure by printing patterns on a dielectric substrate .

(sixth embodiment)

Referring to Fig. 9, the following describes an antenna device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 9 is a structural view of an antenna device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. In accompanying drawing 9, reference numerals 33 and 34 represent high-frequency signal power supplies; Reference numerals 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 and 42 represent antenna elements; Reference numeral 43 represents a horizontally polarized antenna system, and Reference numerals 44 denotes a vertically polarized antenna system.

Referring to Fig. 9, the operation of the antenna device according to this embodiment will be described below. The antenna elements 35, 36 and 39 and 40 are excited with the high-frequency signal source 33 so that they function as a horizontally polarized antenna system 43 in accordance with the antenna arrangement according to the third embodiment in the accompanying drawing 6 Works the same way. The antenna elements 38, 39 and 41 and 42 are excited with the high-frequency signal source 34 so that they function as a vertically polarized antenna system 44 in accordance with the antenna arrangement according to the third embodiment in accompanying drawing 6 Works the same way.

The horizontally polarized antenna system 43 and the vertically polarized antenna system 44 are arranged to cross vertically in the YZ plane. Therefore, when the phases of the high-frequency signal sources 33 and 34 are selected to differ from each other by 90 degrees, circularly polarized electric waves are radiated in the X direction and the -X direction, thereby obtaining a directivity gain of about 8 dB. In addition, left-handed circularly polarized waves or right-handed circularly polarized waves are radiated in the X direction or −X direction. The direction of rotation is determined from the lead-lag relationship between the phases of the high-frequency signal sources 33 and 34 .

As described above, in the antenna according to the sixth embodiment, a circularly polarized antenna having desired directivity and high gain can be realized with a simple planar structure.

(seventh embodiment)

Referring to Fig. 10, the following describes an antenna device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 10 is a structural view of an antenna device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 10, reference numeral 3 denotes a feeding portion; reference numeral 45 denotes a reflection plate; and reference numerals 46 and 47 denote antenna elements.

Referring to Fig. 10, the operation of the antenna device according to this embodiment will be described below. The antenna elements 46 and 47 operate in the same manner as the antenna arrangement according to the first exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 , thus generating maximum radiation in the X or −X direction. However, the antenna elements 46 and 47 are arranged to be spaced apart from the reflection plate 45 by a distance denoted by reference numeral 48 in the present embodiment. Wave radiation in the -X direction is reflected by the reflection plate 45 so that the reflected waves are radiated in the X direction. The radiation pattern is thus concentrated in the X direction. When the distance 48 is selected to be 0.3λ (0.3 times the wavelength), a directivity gain of 9.5 dB is obtained in the X direction.

Incidentally, also in this embodiment, the radiation patterns in the horizontal plane and in the vertical plane can be controlled by changing the angle α in the bent portion.

As described above, in the antenna device according to the seventh embodiment, an antenna device having desired directivity and high gain can be realized with a simple planar structure.

(eighth embodiment)

Referring to Fig. 11, the following describes an antenna device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 11 is a structural view of an antenna device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 11, reference numeral 3 denotes a feeding portion; reference numeral 49 denotes a reflection plate; reference numerals 50 and 51 denote antenna elements; and 52 and 53 denote parasitic elements.

Referring to Fig. 11, the following describes the operation and detailed structure of the antenna device according to this embodiment. The antenna elements 50 and 51 function in the same way as the antenna arrangement according to the first exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 . Furthermore, the antenna elements 50 and 51 are arranged to be spaced a distance 54 from the reflection plate 49 . Each of the passive elements 52 and 53 is formed of a wire slightly shorter than half a wavelength. The parasitic elements 52 and 53 are positioned at a distance 55 from the antenna elements 52 and 53 in the X direction and a distance 56 from the center in the Y and -Y directions, respectively. When each distance 54 and 55 is selected to be approximately 0.3λ (0.3 times the wavelength) and the distance 56 is selected to be approximately 0.4λ (0.4 times the wavelength), a wide angle of 180 degrees can be obtained in the X direction according to the half-value width direction, so a directivity gain of 6.5dB can be obtained.

As described above, in the antenna device according to the eighth embodiment, an antenna device having a wide angular direction of 180 degrees in terms of a half-value width and a high gain can be realized with a simple structure.

(ninth embodiment)

Referring to Fig. 12, the following describes an antenna device according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 12 is a structural view of an antenna device according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 12, reference numeral 13 denotes a feed portion; and reference numerals 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, and 62 denote antenna elements.

Referring to Fig. 12, the operation of the antenna device according to this embodiment will be described below. The antenna elements 57 and 58 and the feed part 3 operate in the same way as the antenna arrangement according to the first embodiment of FIG. 1 , so that they function as radiators. Each antenna element 59 and 60 is selected to have a length approximately 4% longer than the length of each antenna element 57 and 58 . The antenna elements 59 and 60 are arranged to be spaced about 0.2λ (0.2 times the wavelength) from the antenna elements 57 and 58 in the -X direction so that they function as reflectors. In addition, each antenna element 61 and 62 is selected to have a length approximately 8% shorter than the length of each antenna element 57 and 58 . The antenna elements 61 and 62 are arranged to be spaced about 0.2λ (0.2 times the wavelength) from the antenna elements 57 and 58 in the X direction so that they function as waveguides.

An antenna arrangement as described above generally works in the same way as a Yagi antenna. Therefore, the radiation direction is concentrated in the X direction so that a directivity gain of about 11 dB is obtained.

Although the case described in this embodiment is the case of forming a Yagi antenna with three elements, a higher gain can be obtained if more elements are provided. For example, when five elements are provided, a directivity gain of about 12.5 dB can be obtained. Also in this embodiment, the directivity in the vertical plane and in the horizontal plane can be changed by changing the angle α in the bent portion.

As described above, in the antenna device according to the ninth embodiment, a Yagi antenna having desired directivity and high gain can be realized with a simple structure.

(tenth embodiment)

Referring to Fig. 13, the following describes an antenna device according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 13 is a structural view of an antenna device according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 13, reference numerals 63, 64, 65, and 66 denote antenna elements; and reference numerals 67 and 68 denote high-frequency signal sources.

Referring to Fig. 13, the following describes the detailed structure and operation of the antenna device according to the present embodiment. The antenna elements 63 and 64 and the feed section 67 operate in the same way as the antenna arrangement according to the first embodiment of FIG. 1 . The antenna elements 65 and 66 and the feed 68 also function in the same way as the antenna arrangement according to the first embodiment of FIG. 1 . The antenna elements 63, 64 and 65, 66 are arranged so that the main polarization directions of the antenna elements 63 and 64 are the same as those of the antenna elements 65 and 66 in terms of horizontally polarized waves, and the main radiation directions cross each other perpendicularly.

When the antenna elements 63 and 64 and the antenna elements 65 and 66 are respectively excited by the high-frequency signal sources 67 and 68 so that the phases of the signals are 90 degrees different from each other, the antenna device exhibits non-directional radiation characteristics in the horizontal plane in terms of horizontally polarized waves, so A gain of about 3.5 dB can be obtained.

Also in this embodiment, the directivity in the vertical plane and in the horizontal plane can be changed by changing the angle α in the bent portion.

As described above, in the antenna device according to the tenth embodiment, a horizontal omnidirectional antenna with a high gain can be realized with a simple structure.

(eleventh embodiment)

Referring to Fig. 14, the following describes an antenna device according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 14 is a structural view of an antenna device according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 14, reference numerals 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, and 76 denote antenna elements; and reference numeral 77 denotes a high-frequency signal source.

Referring to Fig. 14, the operation of the antenna device according to the present embodiment will be described below. The feed section 77 and the antenna elements 69 , 70 and 71 , 72 work in the same way as the antenna arrangement according to the third embodiment of FIG. 6 . The antenna elements 73, 74 and 75, 76 are connected in parallel with the antenna elements 69, 70 and 71, 72 so that the main polarization directions are identical to each other and the main radiation directions cross each other perpendicularly.

The antenna device as described above has radiation characteristics in which radiation directions in the horizontal plane are concentrated in four directions of X, -X, Y, and -Y in terms of vertically polarized waves. A gain of about 5.5 dB is obtained in each of these four directions. And a radiation characteristic of about 30 degrees can be obtained according to the half-value width.

Also in this embodiment, the directivity in the vertical plane and in the horizontal plane can be changed by changing the angle α in the bent portion.

As described above, in the antenna device according to the eleventh embodiment, a 4-directional antenna having desired directivity and high gain can be realized with a simple structure.

(twelfth embodiment)

Referring to Fig. 15, the following describes an antenna device according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 15 is a structural view of an antenna device according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention. In accompanying drawing 15, reference numerals 78, 79, 80, 81, 82 and 83 denote antenna elements; reference numeral 84 denotes a feeding part; reference numeral 85 denotes a reflector; reference numerals 86, 87, 88 and 89 denote high-frequency switch; and reference numerals 90 and 91 denote stubs.

Referring to FIG. 15 , the structure of the antenna device according to the present embodiment is described in more detail below. The antenna elements 78 , 79 and 80 , 81 and the feed section 84 work in the same way as the antenna arrangement according to the third embodiment of FIG. 6 . Antenna elements 82 and 83 are connected in parallel with antenna elements 78 , 79 and 80 , 81 . The antenna elements are arranged so that the main polarization directions are identical to each other and the main radiation directions cross each other perpendicularly. High frequency switches 86 and 87 and stub 90 are connected to antenna elements 78 and 79 at connection points. When high frequency switches 86 and 87 are on, antenna elements 78 and 79 and stub 90 function as a quarter wavelength stub in which the antenna elements are inactive for radiation. The antenna elements 80 and 81 , the high frequency switches 88 and 89 and the stub 91 operate in the same manner as described above. Furthermore, the reflector 85 is provided so as to be separated from the antenna elements 78 , 79 and 80 , 81 by a distance 92 in the −X direction.

Referring to Fig. 15, the operation of the antenna device of this embodiment will be described below. In the antenna device constructed as above, when the high-frequency switches 86 and 87 are turned on while the high-frequency switches 88 and 89 are turned off, the antenna elements 78 and 79 have no effect on the radiation, so the radiation is concentrated in the X direction and the Y direction in the middle direction between. As a result, a gain of about 9 dB is obtained, and a radiation direction of about 80 degrees is obtained in terms of half-value width. On the contrary, when the high-frequency switches 86 and 87 are turned off while the high-frequency switches 88 and 89 are turned on, the maximum radiation direction is concentrated in the middle direction between the X direction and the -Y direction.

Also in this embodiment, the directivity in the vertical plane and in the horizontal plane can be changed by changing the angle α in the bent portion.

As described above, in the antenna device according to the twelfth embodiment, antenna elements facing each other can be partially connected/disconnected to each other by an electronic switch to obtain desired directivity. It is thus possible to realize a directional variable antenna with a high gain with a simple structure.

(thirteenth embodiment)

Referring to Fig. 16, the following describes an antenna device according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 16 is a structural view of an antenna device according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 16, reference numerals 93 and 94 denote antenna patterns (antenna elements); reference numeral 95 denotes a quarter-wavelength stub; reference numeral 96 denotes a dielectric substrate; and reference numeral 99 denotes a high-frequency signal cable.

Referring to Fig. 16, the following describes the detailed structure and operation of an antenna device according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention. The antenna patterns 93 and 94 and the quarter-wavelength stub 95 are composed of printed patterns formed on a dielectric substrate 96 . The antenna patterns 93 and 94 function in the same way as the antenna arrangement according to the fourth exemplary embodiment of FIG. 7 . The impedance value in the feed portion 97 between the antenna patterns 93 and 94 reaches a relatively high several thousand ohms. To match this impedance to the impedance in the high frequency signal cable 99 (typically 50 ohms), the high frequency signal cable 99 is connected to a quarter wavelength stub 95 at an optimal location 98 .

In this case, since the stub 95 is disposed inside the antenna patterns 93 and 94, the quarter-wave stub 95 does not increase the total area of the antenna.

As described above, in the antenna device according to the thirteenth embodiment, the matching circuit is formed by printing patterns on the dielectric substrate. Therefore, the antenna device can be realized with a small size and a simple planar structure.

(fourteenth embodiment)

Referring to Fig. 17, the following describes an antenna device according to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 17 is a structural view of an antenna device according to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention. In accompanying drawing 17, reference numeral 100 denotes a conductor plate; Reference numeral 101 denotes a first slot element as an antenna element; Reference numeral 102 denotes a second slot element as an antenna element; Reference numerals 101a and 102a denote bent portions; Reference numeral 103 denotes a feeding portion.

The structure of the antenna device of this embodiment is described in more detail below. Each of the first and second slot members 101 and 102 is constituted by an opening portion on the conductor plate 100 . Each of the first and second slot members 101 and 102 is formed to have a length equal to one wavelength. Furthermore, the first and second slit members 101 and 102 are bent at an angle α at the centers of the bent portions 101a and 102a, respectively. As shown in FIG. 17, the first and second slit members 101 and 102 are arranged in a diamond shape facing each other. The length of each side of the rhombus is equal to half a wavelength (λ/2). Respective opening portions of one ends of the first and second slot members 101 and 102 are connected to each other and a power feeding portion 103 is provided at this connection. The corresponding opening portions at the other end are not connected to each other.

Referring to Fig. 17, the operation of the antenna device according to the present embodiment will be described below. The antenna arrangement constructed as above is complementary to the antenna arrangement according to the first exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 . If the current distributed in the corresponding antenna element in accompanying drawing 1 is replaced by the magnetic current (magnetic current) distributed in the corresponding slot element in accompanying drawing 17, then the work of the antenna device of this embodiment can be with the first The operation of the antenna device of the embodiment is explained in the same manner. In addition, vertically polarized waves are also radiated in FIG. 17 . The largest radiation is produced in the X and -X directions, thus obtaining a directivity gain of about 6 dB. When changing the angle α in the curved portion, the radiation pattern in the vertical plane and in the horizontal plane can be greatly changed in the same way as the antenna arrangement according to the first embodiment of FIG. 1 . For example, when the angle α at the curved portion increases from 30° to 150°, the half-value width of the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane changes from 40° to 150°, while that in the vertical plane changes from 78° to 58 degrees.

Although the present embodiment describes the case where the main polarization direction is the vertical direction (Z), if the antenna device is arranged to be rotated 90 degrees to select the main polarization direction as the horizontal direction (Y), the The antenna arrangement can also be operated as a horizontally polarized antenna.

As described above, in the antenna device according to the fourteenth embodiment, a slot antenna having desired directivity and high gain can be realized with a simple planar structure.

(fifteenth embodiment)

Referring to Fig. 18, the following describes an antenna device according to a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 18 is a structural view of an antenna device according to a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 18, reference numeral 103 denotes a feeding portion; reference numeral 104 denotes a conductor plate; reference numeral 105 denotes a first slot element serving as an antenna element; and reference numeral 106 denotes a second slot element serving as an antenna element.

Referring to Fig. 18, the following describes the detailed structure and operation of the antenna device of the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention. Each of the first and second slot members 105 and 106 is constituted by an opening portion formed on the conductor plate 104 . Each of the first and second slot elements 105 and 106 is formed to have a length equal to two wavelengths. Furthermore, each of the first and second slit members 105 and 106 is bent at an angle α at 3 locations. The antenna arrangement constructed as above is complementary to the antenna arrangement according to the second exemplary embodiment of FIG. 5 . In the antenna device shown in Fig. 17, vertically polarized waves are radiated, so that the maximum radiation is generated in the X direction and -X direction. A directivity gain of approximately 8.5 dB is obtained. When changing the angle α, the radiation pattern in the vertical plane and in the horizontal plane can be greatly changed in the same way as the antenna arrangement according to the second embodiment of FIG. 5 . For example, when the angle α at the curved portion increases from 60° to 120°, the half-value width of the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane changes from 50° to 65°, while that in the vertical plane changes from 50° to 35 degrees.

As described above, in the antenna device according to the fifteenth embodiment, a slot antenna having desired directivity and high gain can be realized with a simple planar structure.

(Sixteenth embodiment)

Referring to Fig. 19, the following describes an antenna device according to a sixteenth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 19 is a structural view of an antenna device according to a sixteenth embodiment of the present invention. In accompanying drawing 19, reference numeral 103 represents a feeder portion; Reference numeral 107 represents a conductor plate; Reference numerals 108 and 110 represent a first slot element as an antenna element; Reference numerals 109 and 111 represent a second slot element as an antenna element .

Referring to Fig. 19, the following describes the detailed structure and operation of the antenna device of the sixteenth embodiment of the present invention. The first slot elements 108 and 109 and the first slot elements 110 and 111 operate in the same way as the antenna device according to the fourteenth embodiment of FIG. 17 and are connected in parallel to each other on the feed section 103 . The antenna arrangement configured according to FIG. 19 is complementary to the antenna arrangement according to the third exemplary embodiment of FIG. 6 . In the antenna device shown in Fig. 19, vertically polarized waves are radiated, so that the maximum radiation is generated in the X direction and -X direction. A directivity gain of about 9 dB is obtained. When changing the angle α, the radiation pattern in the vertical plane and in the horizontal plane can be greatly changed in the same way as the antenna arrangement according to the third embodiment of FIG. 6 .

Incidentally, although this embodiment has described the case where two pairs of antenna devices according to the fourteenth embodiment of FIG. 17 are connected in parallel with each other, if two pairs of antenna devices according to the fifteenth embodiment shown in FIG. In the case of the antenna device, the directivity in the vertical plane can also be narrowed to obtain higher directivity gain.

As described above, in the antenna device according to the sixteenth embodiment, a slot antenna having desired directivity and high gain can be realized with a simple planar structure.

(seventeenth embodiment)

Referring to Fig. 20, the following describes an antenna device according to a seventeenth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 20 is a structural view of an antenna device according to a seventeenth embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 20, reference numeral 103 denotes a feeding portion; reference numeral 112, a dielectric substrate; reference numeral 113, a conductor plate; and reference numerals 114, 115, 116 and 117, slot elements as antenna elements.

Referring to Fig. 20, the following describes the detailed structure and operation of the antenna device of the seventeenth embodiment of the present invention. The conductor pattern 113 is composed of a printed pattern formed on the dielectric substrate 112 . The slot elements 114 , 115 , 116 , and 117 are constituted by opening portions formed in the conductor pattern 113 . For example, when the effective relative permittivity of the dielectric substrate 112 is 2, since the wavelength in the dielectric substrate 112 is reduced to about half of the wavelength in free space, each of the slot elements 114, 115, 116, and 117 The length is reduced to about half the length of a corresponding one of the first and second slot elements 108, 109, 110, and 111 in the antenna device shown in FIG. 19 . The antenna device constructed above operates in the same manner as the antenna device shown in FIG. 19 .

Incidentally, also in this embodiment, the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane and in the vertical plane can be controlled by changing the angle α in the curved portion. As described above, in the antenna device according to the seventeenth embodiment, a slot antenna having desired directivity and high gain can be realized with a small size and a simple planar structure.

(eighteenth embodiment)

Referring to Fig. 21, the following describes an antenna device according to an eighteenth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 21 is a structural view of an antenna device according to an eighteenth embodiment of the present invention. In accompanying drawing 21, reference numeral 103 represents a feeder part; Reference numeral 107 represents a conductor plate; Reference numerals 108 and 110 represent a first slot element as an antenna element; Reference numerals 109 and 111 represent a second slot element as an antenna element ; and reference numeral 118 denotes a reflection plate.

Referring to Fig. 21, the following describes the detailed structure and operation of the antenna device of the eighteenth embodiment of the present invention. The conductor plate 107, the first and second slot elements 108, 109, 110, and 111, and the feed portion 103 operate in the same manner as the antenna device according to the sixteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 19 . The reflection plate 118 is arranged to be spaced apart from the conductor plate 107 by a distance 119 in the −X direction.

The conductor plate 107, the first and second slot elements 108, 109, 110 and 111 and the feed part 103 generate the maximum radiation in the X direction and the -X direction. The wave radiated in the -X direction is reflected by the reflection plate 118 so that the reflected wave is radiated in the X direction. The radiation pattern is thus concentrated in the X direction. When the distance 119 of the reflecting plate 118 is selected to be about 0.3λ (0.3 times the wavelength), a directivity gain of about 12.5 dB is obtained in the X direction.

Incidentally, also in this embodiment, the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane and in the vertical plane can be controlled by changing the angle α in the curved portion.

As described above, in the antenna device according to the eighteenth embodiment, a slot antenna having desired directivity and high gain can be realized with a simple planar structure.

(Nineteenth Embodiment)

Referring to Fig. 22, a radio apparatus with an antenna device constructed according to a nineteenth embodiment of the present invention will be described below. Fig. 22 is a structural view of an antenna device according to a nineteenth embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 22, reference numeral 119 denotes an antenna device; reference numeral 120 denotes a high-frequency cable; reference numeral 121 denotes a reflection plate; reference numeral 122 denotes a radio frequency circuit portion; and reference numeral 123 denotes an antenna cover.

The structure of the radio device according to the present embodiment is described in more detail below. The reflection plate 121 is provided on one side surface of the radio frequency circuit portion 122 . The antenna device 119 is provided so as to be separated from the reflection plate 121 by a fixed distance (for example, 0.3λ). The high frequency cable 120 is connected from the radio frequency circuit portion 122 to the antenna device 119 to feed power to the antenna device 119 . The antenna device 119 is protected by an antenna cover 123 . The antenna arrangement 119 works in the same way as the antenna arrangement according to the thirteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 16 .

Referring to Fig. 22, the following describes the operation of the radio device according to the present embodiment. In the radio equipment configured as above, the radiation from the antenna device 119 is concentrated in the direction of the arrow 124 by the reflection plate 121 . Therefore, a directivity gain of 9.5 dB is obtained. Therefore, the radio frequency circuit portion 122 does not affect the characteristics of the antenna. In addition, the radio frequency circuit portion 122 is not affected by radio waves radiated from the antenna device 119 .

Furthermore, it is sufficient if the distance between the reflection plate 121 and the antenna arrangement 119 is approximately 0.3λ (approximately 45 mm for an operating frequency of 1900 MHz). Therefore, radio equipment with a built-in antenna can be made compact. Therefore, if the radio equipment is applied to a fixed terminal equipment or to a radio base station, desired radiation directivity can be obtained with a small size and a simple structure. As a result, stationary terminals or radio base stations with built-in antennas with high gain can be realized.

Incidentally, the configurations of the radio equipment and the antenna device are not limited to this embodiment, and the same effects as described above can also be obtained if the same structure as described above is applied.

As described above, in the radio device according to the nineteenth embodiment, a radio device having a built-in antenna having desired directivity and high gain can be realized with a small size and a simple structure.

(twentieth embodiment)

Referring to Fig. 23, the following describes an antenna device according to a twentieth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 23 is a structural view of an antenna device according to a twentieth embodiment of the present invention. In accompanying drawing 23, reference numerals 125, 126, 127, and 128 represent antenna devices; Reference numerals 129 and 130 represent reflectors; Reference numerals 131, 132, 133 and 134 represent accessories; Reference numeral 136 represents a first antenna system; Reference numeral 137 denotes a second antenna system; and reference numeral 138 denotes a pole.

Referring to Fig. 23, the following describes the detailed structure and operation of an antenna device according to a twentieth embodiment of the present invention. The antenna devices 125, 126, 127, and 128 operate in the same manner as the antenna device according to the thirteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 16 . The antenna devices 125 and 126 are arranged opposite to each other by 180 degrees via a reflector plate 129 and are fixed by fittings 131 and 132 . Thus, a first antenna system 136 is formed. Similarly, the antenna devices 127 and 128 are arranged opposite to each other by 180 degrees via the reflector 130 and fixed by the fittings 133 and 134 . Thus, a second antenna system 137 is formed. The first and second antenna systems 136 and 137 are secured to each other by fitting 135 so that they are spaced a fixed distance from each other (typically a distance of one wavelength or more) so that they function as diversity antennas.

Here, in the first antenna system 136, since the antenna device 125 has a radiation direction of about 180 degrees according to the half-value width in the X direction due to the effect of the reflector 129, the gain in the −X direction is lower than the gain in the X direction. About 10 decibels. On the other hand, since the antenna device 126 has a radiation direction of about 180 degrees according to a half-value width in the -X direction due to the effect of the reflection plate 129, the gain in the X direction is about 10 dB lower than that in the -X direction. As described above, the reflection plate 129 is commonly used in the antenna devices 125 and 126 . Furthermore, the second antenna system 137 works in the same way as the first antenna system 136 .

Incidentally, the antenna device and arrangement and its configuration are not limited to this embodiment, and the same effects as described above can also be obtained if the same structure as described above is provided.

As described above, in the antenna device according to the twentieth embodiment, a sectoral diversity antenna composed of a plurality of antennas provided therein can be realized with a small size and a simple structure, and this antenna has the required directivity and high gain.

Industrial applicability

According to the present invention, in particular the antenna device constructed as above has two antenna devices arranged in a diamond-shaped manner facing each other, so as to feed one end of each antenna element while the other end of the antenna element is open-circuited. Each antenna element of the antenna arrangement is bent at its center at an angle α, so that the angle α can be chosen to be such that an optimum radiation directivity can be obtained. Therefore, the desired optimum radiation directivity can be obtained with a simple planar structure. Therefore, an antenna device with higher gain can be realized.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, particularly in the case where the antenna element is formed of a printed pattern on a dielectric substrate, desired radiation directivity can be realized with a small size and a simple planar structure. Therefore, an antenna device with higher gain can be realized.

Furthermore, according to the invention, in particular two pairs of antenna arrangements are arranged in main polarization directions crossing each other perpendicularly, so as to feed the two pairs of antenna arrangements with phases different from each other by 90 degrees. Therefore, desired radiation directivity can be achieved with a simple planar structure. Therefore, a circularly polarized antenna with higher gain can be realized.

Furthermore, according to the invention, in particular, a plurality of antenna arrangements are arranged such that the main polarization directions are identical to each other and the main radiation directions are different from each other, so that opposing antenna elements in one or more antenna arrangements are partially electrically connected/disconnected to each other . Therefore, the directivity of radiation can be variously changed to obtain desired directivity with a simple structure. Therefore, a variable directivity antenna device with higher gain can be realized.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, particularly, a quarter-wavelength stub is connected to the feeding section to perform feeding at a position where the impedance of the stub is optimal. Therefore, better impedance matching can be obtained with a small matching circuit having a simple structure. Therefore, an antenna device with higher gain can be realized.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, in particular, the antenna device has slot elements provided in two conductor plates in a diamond-shaped manner facing each other so as to feed power to one end of each slot element while the other end of the slot element is connected to the open. Each slot element of the antenna arrangement is bent at its center at an angle α, whereby the angle α can be chosen as an angle for optimum radiation directivity. Therefore, desired radiation directivity can be obtained with a simple planar structure. Therefore, a slot antenna with higher gain can be realized.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, the radio equipment has a built-in antenna device in which two antenna elements are arranged in a diamond-shaped manner facing each other to feed power to one end of each antenna element while the other end of the antenna element is open. . Each antenna element of the antenna arrangement is bent at its center at an angle α, whereby this angle α can be chosen as the angle for optimum radiation directivity. Therefore, it is possible to provide a radio apparatus having a built-in antenna device having desired directivity and high gain with a small size and a simple structure.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, in particular, one reflector is commonly used in a plurality of antenna arrangements. Therefore, desired radiation directivity can be obtained with a small size and a simple structure. A diversity antenna or sector antenna with higher gain can thus be realized.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, in particular, radio equipment having a built-in antenna device according to any of the embodiments of the present invention is installed. Therefore, desired radiation directivity can be obtained with a small size and a simple structure. A diversity antenna or a sector antenna with higher gain can thus be used in the radio base station.

Claims (31)

1. antenna assembly, comprise first single wavelength antennas element and second single wavelength antennas element, this first single wavelength antennas element is with the angle [alpha] bending at the center of described first antenna element, this second single wavelength antennas element is with the angle [alpha] bending at the center of described second antenna element, wherein said first and second antenna elements are provided with in rhombus mode respect to one another, wherein the end at described first and second antenna elements is provided with the feed part, the other end open circuit of wherein said first and second antenna elements, and wherein select described angle [alpha] to be best angle.

2. antenna assembly according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of other first and second antenna elements are connected to the front end of described first and second antenna elements of at first mentioning.

3. antenna assembly according to claim 1 and 2, the described angle [alpha] that wherein is chosen in the center curvature of each described first and second antenna element is such angle: can obtain best radiation directivity in this angle.

4. an antenna assembly wherein is connected described feed part at a plurality of antenna assemblies described in the claim 1 with being connected in parallel to each other.

5. antenna assembly according to claim 4, the described angle [alpha] that wherein is chosen in the center curvature of each described first and second antenna element is such angle: can obtain best radiation directivity in this angle.

6. according to the described antenna assembly of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 5, wherein form described first and second antenna elements by on dielectric substrates, forming printed pattern.

7. antenna assembly according to claim 2, wherein by transmission line other described a plurality of first and second antenna elements are connected respectively to described first and second antenna elements of at first mentioning, each described transmission line all has fixing electrical length.

8. an antenna assembly wherein is arranged on the described two pairs of antenna assemblies of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 4 so that main polarization direction intersects with being perpendicular to one another, and with each other 90 the degree phase differences to described two pairs of antenna assembly feeds.

9. an antenna assembly wherein is formed on the antenna assembly described in the claim 6 by the printed pattern on the opposite surfaces that is arranged on dielectric substrates.

10. an antenna assembly wherein is arranged on the antenna assembly described in claim 4 or 5 so that the direction of main polarization is intersected with being perpendicular to one another, and with each other 90 the degree phase differences to described a plurality of antenna assembly feeds.

11., wherein near described antenna element, reflecting plate is set according to the described antenna assembly of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 10.

12., a plurality of passive components are set near described antenna element wherein according to the described antenna assembly of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 11.

13. antenna assembly, wherein will be in claim 1 to 11 the described antenna assembly of arbitrary claim as radiator and reflector setting, and a plurality of wave directors are set on the direction of primary radiation, the shape of each wave director is similar to the shape of each antenna assembly.

14. antenna assembly, wherein be provided with according to the described antenna assembly of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 6 so that the direction of main polarization is mutually the same main radiation direction differ each other 90 the degree, and wherein with each other 90 the degree phase differences to described a plurality of antenna feeds.

15. an antenna assembly is provided with wherein that main radiation direction differs from one another so that the direction of main polarization is mutually the same according to the described two pairs of antenna assemblies of arbitrary claim in the claim 4 to 6.

16. antenna assembly, be provided with wherein that main radiation direction differs from one another so that the direction of main polarization is mutually the same according to the described a plurality of antenna assemblies of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 6, and the part electrical connection/disconnection each other of the relative antenna element of at least one antenna assembly in described a plurality of antenna assemblies.

17. according to the described antenna assembly of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 16, wherein quarter-wave stub is connected to distributing point, on the position of impedance the best of described stub, carries out feed thus.

18. antenna assembly, comprise first single wavelength slot element and second single wavelength slot element, this first single wavelength slot element be arranged in the conductor plate with at the center of described first slot element with the angle [alpha] bending, this second single wavelength slot element be arranged in the described conductor plate with at the center of described second slot element with the angle [alpha] bending, wherein said first and second slot element are provided with in the mode of rhombus respect to one another, and wherein the current feed department branch is arranged on an end of described first and second slot element.

19. antenna assembly according to claim 18, wherein selecting described angle [alpha] is such angle: can obtain best radiation directivity under this angle.

20. antenna assembly according to claim 18, wherein a plurality of other first and second slot aerials are connected to the front end of described first and second slot aerials of at first mentioning.

21. antenna assembly according to claim 20, wherein selecting described angle [alpha] is such angle: can obtain best radiation directivity under this angle.

22. an antenna assembly wherein is connected in parallel to each other in the feed part at a plurality of antenna assemblies described in the claim 18.

23. antenna assembly according to claim 22, wherein selecting described angle [alpha] is such angle: can obtain best radiation directivity under this angle.

24., wherein constitute described conductor plate and described slot element by being formed on dielectric substrates formation printed pattern according to the described antenna assembly of arbitrary claim in the claim 18 to 23.

25., wherein near described conductor plate and described slot element, reflecting plate is set according to the described antenna assembly of arbitrary claim in the claim 18 to 24.

26., a plurality of passive components are set near described antenna element wherein according to the described antenna assembly of arbitrary claim in the claim 18 to 25.

27. a wireless device wherein is built-in with the described antenna assembly of arbitrary claim in claim 1 to 26 in described wireless device.

28. an antenna assembly that is used for radio base station, wherein be provided with a plurality of in claim 1 to 26 the described antenna assembly of arbitrary claim.

29. antenna assembly according to claim 28 wherein provides a reflecting plate so that described a plurality of antenna assembly is shared.

30. a radio base station, this radio base station has at the antenna assembly described in the claim 28.

31. the method for the directional gain of a control antenna device, first and second antenna elements of wherein forming described antenna assembly are provided with in rhombus mode respect to one another, one end feed of described first and second antenna elements and other end open circuit, and wherein said each first and second antenna element therein the heart select described angle [alpha] for obtaining the angle of best radiation directivity with the angle [alpha] bending.

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