CN1333258C - Self-mixed intervention Doppler velometer based on two-frequency laser - Google Patents

Abstract

A Doppler velocimeter based on self-mixing interference effect belongs to the field of laser measurement. The speedometer consists of three parts: light source, measurement part and signal processing. The system light source uses a dual-frequency laser, and a quarter-wave plate is placed in the measurement part of the self-mixing interference system, that is, the external cavity of the system. The fast axis direction of the wave plate and the polarization directions of the two polarized lights respectively form an angle of 45° , so that the light beam travels back and forth in the external cavity, and its polarization direction will change to the original vertical direction. For this set of self-mixing interferometry velocimeter, when there is no Doppler frequency shift, there will be only one spectral line on the power spectrum of the laser, and when the Doppler frequency shift exists, the original spectral lines on the power spectrum will become two The sign of the difference between the two spectral lines corresponding to the beat frequency signal represents the direction of the velocity, and the distance between the two spectral lines can be converted into the magnitude of the velocity. The self-mixing interference velocimeter designed in the present invention is a velocimeter with compact and simple structure, high cost performance and easy realization of velocity direction identification.

Description

Self-mixed interference Doppler anemometer based on two-frequency laser

Technical field

Self-mixed interference Doppler anemometer based on two-frequency laser belongs to the laser velocimeter technical field.

Background technology

The laser Dppler veloicty measurement technology is widely used, and mainly contains traditional Michelson based on the Doppler anemometer of interference effect and interferes Doppler anemometer and self-mixed interference Doppler anemometer.Traditional Michelson interferes the Doppler anemometer light path comparatively complicated, and the collimation of system is had relatively high expectations.The self-mixed interference Doppler anemometer then is the new speed-measuring method that has risen since the eighties.This kind speed measuring device light path system has only a laser instrument and a catoptron.The light of laser instrument output is formed beat frequency by light in after the Doppler shift and the chamber, can obtain velocity information to this beat signal analysis.This self-mixed interference knotmeter system compact, volume is little, does not rely on the coherent length of light source, and less demanding to the collimation of system, and application prospect is comparatively wide.The self-mixed interference Doppler anemometer is set forth in nineteen sixty-eight first.Rudd does light source and sensor with a HeNe laser instrument, and the speed of target is measured, and the prototype that will mix sillometer first certainly represents to common people, but its speed measuring device can not be realized the judgement of velocity reversal.Progress along with the research of people's noise spectra of semiconductor lasers self-mixed interference phenomenon it is found that semiconductor laser under certain light feedback level, the class sawtooth wave shape of the beat signal of self-mixed interference knotmeter for tilting.The vergence direction of the class sawtooth wave of this inclination can be used for the identification of direction.But because the acquisition of this sawtooth wave is confined to certain light feedback level, its range of application also has been subjected to limitation like this.Ostuka has carried out a large amount of research to the self-mixed interference phenomenon in the solid micro-slice laser, and proposes with the method for shift frequency feedback the power spectral line of beat signal to be analyzed.Do not having under the condition of Doppler shift, having only a spectral line on the power spectral line of its self-mixed interference system.And when Doppler shift exists, another spectral line will appear in this spectral line left side or right side.This emerging spectral line is being represented the direction of speed with respect to the position, the left and right sides of former spectral line, and the distance between these two spectral lines then can be converted into the size of speed.What the frequency shifter of this covering device used is expensive acousto-optic modulator, and this makes that the cost performance of its system is not high.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide a kind of self-mixed interference Doppler anemometer of two-frequency laser.

The present invention is characterised in that it contains:

The Lights section, it is a two-frequency laser, this two-frequency laser comprises:

Laser gain pipe, inside are filled with the HeNe mixed gas;

Tail light outgoing mirror, reflectivity is 99.8%, is positioned at the axial side of laser gain pipe;

Anti-reflection window is positioned at the axial opposite side of laser gain pipe;

Mechanical type stress bringing device, it applies a stress along the direction perpendicular to laser gain tube axis to anti-reflection window;

The main beam outgoing mirror, reflectivity is 98%, is positioned at anti-reflection window opposite side, output pairwise orthogonal polarized light, frequency is respectively f ₁And f ₂

The transverse magnetic field generator, it applies parallel or perpendicular to the transverse magnetic field of above-mentioned stress direction to laser gain pipe;

Measure portion, i.e. exocoel, it comprises:

Quarter-wave plate, the angle of the polarization direction of its quick shaft direction and above-mentioned pairwise orthogonal polarized light all is a miter angle;

The exocoel catoptron is an object under test, is positioned at the quarter-wave plate opposite side; When the exocoel catoptron when laser instrument output direction of light is moved, two frequencies that incide above it are respectively f ₁And f ₂Crossed polarized light will produce Doppler shift, light after the frequency displacement is through resulting two frequency f behind the quarter-wave plate ₁' and f ₂' be respectively:

f ₁′＝f ₁+f _D，f ₂＝f ₂+f _D，

$f_D=\frac{2V}{\mathrm{\λ}},$ λ is the optical wavelength of laser instrument output, and V is the translational speed of exocoel catoptron, and frequency is f ₁' parallel beam be f in frequency ₂Light beam, frequency is f ₂' parallel beam be f in frequency ₁Light beam;

Signal processing comprises:

The Wollaston prism, it is positioned at the opposite side of tail light outgoing mirror; When producing Doppler shift, tail light outgoing mirror is just exported following two beat signals to it:

Frequency is f ₁' light beam feed back to behind the laserresonator with the chamber in frequency be f ₂The beat frequency f that forms of light beam _B1:

f _B1=f ₂-f ₁=Δ f-f _D, Δ F=f wherein ₂-f ₁Be the laser instrument frequency difference, down together;

Frequency is f ₂' light beam feed back to behind the laserresonator with the chamber in frequency be f ₁The beat frequency f that forms of light beam _B2:

f _B2＝f ₂′-f ₁＝Δf+f _D；

Photodetector, totally two, be positioned at Wollaston prism opposite side, when producing Doppler shift, the input signal of this photodetector is respectively two photo-beats frequency signals that separate through the Wollaston prism;

Counter, totally two, their input signal is respectively the output signal of above-mentioned two photodetectors;

Arithmetical unit, its input signal are the output signals of above-mentioned two counters, and its output signal is:

$V=\frac{f_{B2}-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="f\; B"\; filenames="C20041000926100101.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">f</figure-callout>}}_B}{4}\mathrm{\&lambda;},$

The direction of V is by f _B2-f _B1The positive and negative decision of value is at f ₁＜f ₂Prerequisite under, f _B2-f _B1Value for just, illustrate that object moves f to the direction near laser instrument _B2-f _B1Value for negative, illustrate that object moves to the direction away from laser instrument;

Digital indicator, its input end links to each other with the output terminal of above-mentioned arithmetical unit, and it shows direction and the size of V.

It is simple to the invention provides a kind of compact conformation, the cost performance height, and be easy to realize the speed measuring device of velocity reversal identification, see Fig. 2.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1, one of self-mixed interference Doppler anemometer embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2, two of self-mixed interference Doppler anemometer embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 when not having the light feedback, is placed on the preceding resulting laser output power spectrum of tail light outgoing mirror to a polaroid.

Fig. 4, resulting laser output power spectrum when placing a quarter-wave plate in the static while exocoel of exocoel catoptron.

Fig. 5, when the exocoel catoptron along resulting laser output power spectrum of a certain moment that the Laser Output Beam direction is moved.

Embodiment

Experimental provision of the present invention as shown in Figure 1,1 is the tail light outgoing mirror of HeNe laser instrument, its reflectivity is generally 99.8%, 2 is the gain tube of laser instrument, and inside is filled with the mixed gas of HeNe, and 3 is the anti-reflection window of laser instrument, 4 is the main beam outgoing mirror of laser instrument, and reflectivity is generally 98%.1,2,3 and 4 have formed the main body of a HeNe laser instrument jointly.Because light source used in the present invention is a two-frequency laser, thus a stress applied by 5 pairs of existing laser instrument windows of mechanical type stress bringing device, to produce birefringence effect.This mechanical type stress bringing device is a reinforcing ring that studs with a screw, and the degree of tightness of set screw can be regulated the size of stress.Place transverse magnetic field generator 6 simultaneously in the laser gain pipe both sides, it is made of jointly two blocks of permanent magnets.The transverse magnetic field direction that the transverse magnetic field generator produces is parallel or perpendicular to the direction of above-mentioned stress, the adding in magnetic field can reduce the mode competition of two frequencies in the two-frequency laser greatly, can realize the output of little frequency difference like this.Six parts of 1-6 have been formed a birefringence-double-frequency zeeman laser device, and this laser instrument will be exported two linear orthogonal polarized lights.The frequency difference of the two-frequency laser two linear orthogonal polarized lights that this experimental provision is used is 6.7MHz.7 is quarter-wave plate, and the polarization direction of its quick shaft direction and two polarized lights presss from both sides 45 respectively.8 is the exocoel catoptron, and in actual applications, this catoptron is an object under test.Catoptron 8 drives the uniform motion that prolongs radiation direction with generation by driver 9.4,7,8 three elements have been formed the exocoel of self-mixed interference system, any polarized light of two-frequency laser output exocoel come and go one back and forth its polarization direction will change into self vertical direction.The tail light of laser instrument is surveyed by detector 10, and the gained signal carries out the FFT conversion to carry out power spectrumanalysis by 12 pairs of these power signals of oscillograph (TDS1012) after amplifier 11 amplifies.Total system can be divided into three parts: 13 are the Lights section, and 14 for measure portion is the exocoel of self-mixed interference system, and 15 is signal processing.

The principle of the invention is as follows.In Fig. 1, the frequency f of two-frequency laser output pairwise orthogonal polarization ₁And f ₂, suppose f ₁＜f ₂Two frequencies incide on mobile the external mirror 8.Suppose that catoptron 8 moves on beam direction with speed V, then two frequencies incide on the catoptron 8 and will produce Doppler shift, two beam frequencies f after the frequency displacement ₁' and f ₂' can be expressed as respectively:

f ₁′＝f ₁+f _D (1)

f ₂′＝f ₂+f _D (2)

Wherein

$f_D=\frac{2V}{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}---\left(3\right)$

f _DBe the Doppler shift amount, λ is the optical wavelength of laser instrument output.The frequency f of laser instrument output ₁And f ₂After coming and going a week, exocoel becomes f ₁' and f ₂'.The quick shaft direction of quarter-wave plate respectively with the polarization direction of two frequencies folder 45 since arbitrary frequency exocoel advance one back and forth with twice through quarter-wave plate, its polarization direction will become with initially the polarization direction is vertical, so frequency is f ₁' light beam and frequency be f ₂Parallel beam, frequency is f ₂' light beam and frequency be f ₁Parallel beam.f ₁' feed back in the laser cavity frequency f in the back and chamber ₂Form beat frequency, this beat frequency value f _B1Size be:

f _B1＝f ₂-f ₁′＝Δf-f _D (4)

Δ f=f wherein ₂-f ₁Frequency difference for laser instrument.f ₂' feed back in the laser cavity frequency f in the back and chamber ₁Form beat frequency.Its beat frequency value f _B2Size be:

f _B2＝f ₂′-f ₁＝Δf+f _D (5)

f _B1And f _B2Can survey acquisition by detector 10, show on the oscillograph to be f then for frequency _B2And f _B1Two spectral lines.By (4), (5) two formula cancellation Δ f can get

$f_D=\frac{f_{B2}-f_{B1}}{2}---\left(6\right)$

From (6) formula as can be known on the power spectrum half of two spectral line distances be the Doppler shift amount.(6) formula substitution (3) formula can be got movement of objects speed is:

$V=f_D\frac{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}{2}=\frac{f_{B2}-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="f\; B"\; filenames="C20041000926100101.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">f</figure-callout>}}_B}{4}\mathrm{\&lambda;}---\left(7\right)$

The direction of speed can be by f _B2-f _B1The positive and negative decision of value, the just relative left and right sides determining positions of power spectrum two spectral lines.At f ₁＜f ₂The time, if f on the power spectrum _B1Be positioned at f _B2The left side, f then _B2-f _B1Value for just, illustrate that object moves to the direction near laser instrument; Otherwise, illustrate that object moves to the direction away from laser instrument.Therefore the size and Orientation of the speed of object can obtain by the power spectrum of analyzing laser instrument among the present invention.Whole system of the present invention is not used expensive optical element, and system is simply compact, and signal is easily analyzed and extracted, and can be easy to realization declare to, have a extensive future.

When the exocoel catoptron was static, movement of objects speed was zero, and this moment, the Doppler shift amount also was zero.By (4), (5) two formulas are f as can be known _B2And f _B1Be equal to the frequency difference Δ f of two-frequency laser, make like this and will have only a spectral line on the power spectrum of laser instrument, and the position of spectral line be identical with the position of the value of frequency difference, experimental result can be referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.Under the condition that does not have the light feedback, place a polaroid before laser instrument afterbody detector, a folk prescription of polaroid is to pressing from both sides 45 respectively with two frequency polarization directions, and the power spectral line of the laser instrument that obtained this moment is as shown in Figure 3.Fig. 3, the transverse axis of Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is all represented frequency, the longitudinal axis is represented the height of power spectral line, the 6.25MHz of Pos indication is the following frequency at arrow place among the figure, among the figure on the transverse axis every big lattice represent 250KHz.The peak value of spectral line is the beat frequency of light beam of two frequencies of laser instrument output among Fig. 3.Fig. 4 then is that exocoel has been placed the power spectral line that is obtained under the condition of a quarter-wave plate as shown in Figure 1 under the condition that the light feedback exists, and this power spectral line is the result of exocoel light beam and inner chamber light beam beat frequency.The acquisition of Fig. 4 need not to arrange polaroid before detector.Comparison diagram 3 and Fig. 4, two spectral line peaks coincide, and illustrate that former theoretical analysis and experimental result are in full accord.

When we during with the motion of certain speed drive feedback mirror, by former theoretical analysis as can be known, the single spectral line when the power spectral line of laser instrument output is will be by original feedback mirror static becomes two spectral lines, experimental result can be with reference to figure 5.In Fig. 5, two power spectral lines have appearred near original single spectral line position, and this is consistent with former theoretical analysis.The big I of velocity amplitude is by measuring the frequency difference value apart from representative between two spectral lines, and converting by (7) formula gets, its degree of testing the speed direction then decide by the relative position of two spectral lines.

The structural representation of example 2 of the present invention as shown in Figure 2.Nine elements of 1-9 are identical with nine elements of 1-9 among Fig. 1, so locate no longer to repeat to introduce.10 is the Wollaston prism.When unglazed feedback, regulate the Wollaston prism separately with two orthogonal polarized lights, when the light feedback existed, the Wollaston prism was with the beat signal on two original polarization directions separately.11,12 is that two photodetectors are used for surveying beat signal.13,14 is two counters, is used for beat signal is counted.15 is arithmetical unit, and the count results of two counters is carried out computing.16 is digital display, is used to show the result of internalarithmetic.Realize in the experiment that velocity reversal identification can realize by two spectral line relative positions on the observation oscilloscope, but in actual applications, use this kind mode and inconvenient, can not realize automation direction identification.Separate by the spectral line of Wollaston prism in the historical facts or anecdotes example structure two different frequencies, and with two counters two beat signals are counted respectively respectively, two counter differences can be obtained by internalarithmetic, the positive and negative direction of representing speed of difference, the size of difference has then been represented the size of speed.The size and Orientation of speed can read from digital display 16 like this, need not human intervention.

What designed its system source of self-mixed interference knotmeter of the present invention was used is two-frequency laser, and the exocoel of self-mixed interference system is inserted a quarter-wave plate, the polarization direction of its quick shaft direction and two polarized lights presss from both sides 45 respectively, light beam is advanced one back and forth at exocoel like this, and its polarization direction will become original vertical direction.For this cover self-mixed interference knotmeter, when not having Doppler shift, to have only a spectral line on the power spectrum of laser instrument, and when Doppler shift exists, original spectral line on the power spectrum will become two, article two, the direction of the positive and negative representation speed of the difference of the corresponding beat signal of spectral line, the distance between two spectral lines can be converted into the size of speed.The designed self-mixed interference knotmeter of the present invention is that a kind of compact conformation is simple, the cost performance height, and be easy to realize the speed measuring device of velocity reversal identification.

Claims (1)

1. the self-mixed interference Doppler anemometer based on two-frequency laser comprises light source, measures and three parts of signal Processing, it is characterized in that it contains:

The Lights section, it is a two-frequency laser, this two-frequency laser comprises:

Laser gain pipe, inside are filled with the HeNe mixed gas;

Tail light outgoing mirror, reflectivity is 99.8%, is positioned at the axial side of laser gain pipe;

Anti-reflection window is positioned at the axial opposite side of laser gain pipe;

Mechanical type stress bringing device, it applies a stress along the direction perpendicular to laser gain tube axis to anti-reflection window;

The main beam outgoing mirror, reflectivity is 98%, is positioned at anti-reflection window opposite side, output pairwise orthogonal polarized light, frequency is respectively f ₁And f ₂

The transverse magnetic field generator, it applies parallel or perpendicular to the transverse magnetic field of above-mentioned stress direction to laser gain pipe;

Measure portion, i.e. exocoel, it comprises:

Quarter-wave plate, the angle of the polarization direction of its quick shaft direction and above-mentioned pairwise orthogonal polarized light all is a miter angle;

The exocoel catoptron is an object under test, is positioned at the quarter-wave plate opposite side; When the exocoel catoptron when laser instrument output direction of light is moved, two frequencies that incide above it are respectively f ₁And f ₂Crossed polarized light will produce Doppler shift, light after the frequency displacement is through resulting two frequency f behind the quarter-wave plate ₁' and f ₂' be respectively:

f ₁′＝f ₁+f _D f ₂′＝f ₂+f _D，

$f_D=\frac{2V}{\mathrm{\&lambda;}},$ λ is the optical wavelength of laser instrument output, and V is the translational speed of exocoel catoptron, and frequency is f ₁' parallel beam be f in frequency ₂Light beam, frequency is f ₂' parallel beam be f in frequency ₁Light beam;

Signal processing comprises:

The Wollaston prism, it is positioned at the opposite side of tail light outgoing mirror; When producing Doppler shift, tail light outgoing mirror is just exported following two beat signals to it:

Frequency is f ₁' light beam feed back to behind the laserresonator with the chamber in frequency be f ₂The beat frequency f that forms of light beam _B1:

f _B1=f ₂-f ₁'=Δ f-f _D, Δ f=f wherein ₂-f ₁Be the laser instrument frequency difference, down together;

Frequency is f ₂' light beam feed back to behind the laserresonator with the chamber in frequency be f ₁The beat frequency f that forms of light beam _B2:

f _B2＝f ₂′-f ₁＝Δf+f _D；

Photodetector, totally two, be positioned at Wollaston prism opposite side, when producing Doppler shift, the input signal of this photodetector is respectively two photo-beats frequency signals that separate through the Wollaston prism;

Counter, totally two, their input signal is respectively the output signal of above-mentioned two photodetectors;

Arithmetical unit, its input signal are the output signals of above-mentioned two counters, and its output signal is:

$V=\frac{f_{B2}-f_{B1}}{4}\mathrm{\&lambda;},$

The direction of V is by f _B2-f _B1The positive and negative decision of value is at f ₁＜f ₂Prerequisite under, f _B2-f _B1Value for just, illustrate that object moves f to the direction near laser instrument _B2-f _B1Value for negative, illustrate that object moves to the direction away from laser instrument;

Digital indicator, its input end links to each other with the output terminal of above-mentioned arithmetical unit, and it shows direction and the size of V.

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