CN1326863C - 氮杂糖类化合物,它们的合成方法,以及作为免疫抑制剂和糖苷酶抑制剂的用途 - Google Patents
氮杂糖类化合物,它们的合成方法,以及作为免疫抑制剂和糖苷酶抑制剂的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1326863C CN1326863C CN 03156099 CN03156099A CN1326863C CN 1326863 C CN1326863 C CN 1326863C CN 03156099 CN03156099 CN 03156099 CN 03156099 A CN03156099 A CN 03156099A CN 1326863 C CN1326863 C CN 1326863C
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Abstract
本发明涉及通式(Ⅰ)-(Ⅲ)的氮杂糖类化合物,及其制备方法和医药用途。本发明的这些化合物具有较强的免疫抑制和糖苷酶(半乳糖苷酶,α-葡萄糖苷酶Ⅰ等)抑制活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新型氮杂糖类化合物,它们的合成方法,以及作为免疫抑制剂和糖苷酶抑制剂的用途。
背景技术
氮杂糖是指糖结构中的氧原子被氮原子所取代而形成的一类化合物,可看作糖的模拟物,被认为广泛分布于植物和微生物中(参阅Asano,N.;Nash,R..J.;Molyneux,R.J.;Fleet,GW.J.Tetrahedron:Asymmetry 2000,11,1645.)。氮杂糖类化合物显示出很多有趣的生物学和药理学性质,它们可以作为糖苷酶或糖基转移酶抑制剂从而导致新的药物的发现(参阅Kim,Y.J.;Ichikawa,M.;Ichikawa,Y.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1999,121,5829.)。有关研究表明,这类化合物具有抗HIV、抗癌、抗流感病毒和抗糖尿病等多方面的生理活性(参阅Stüz,A.E.,Ed.Iminosugars as Glycosidase inhibitors:Nojirimycin andBeyond;Wiley-VCH,1999.)。正因为如此,这类化合物激起了合成工作者的广泛兴趣,往往是很多化合物先在实验室中被合成出来,然后在自然界中又得以发现。
我们以半乳糖为原料,设计并且合成了一些氮杂糖衍生物,这些化合物具有较强的免疫抑制和糖苷酶(半乳糖苷酶,α-葡萄糖苷酶I等)抑制活性,有可能导致新的免疫抑制药物和治疗糖尿病药物的发现。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供以下通式(I)-(III)的新型氮杂糖类化合物:
其中在以上结构式(I)-(III)中:
R1是H或保护基;R2-R5是H或保护基,R6是-CH2OH,-CHO,-COOH,酯基,酰卤,酰胺基团;
R7是H或保护基;R8-R11是H或保护基,R12是-CH2OH,-CHO,-COOH,酯基,酰卤,酰胺基团;
R13是H或保护基;R14-R17是H或保护基,R18是-CH2OH。
本发明的另一个目的是提供以上通式(I)的化合物的制备方法,包括:将保护的半乳糖开环延长碳链(例如用PhP=CH2,DME,70-100℃),氧化(例如用DCC,DMSO,吡啶,CF3COOH),成肟(例如用NH2OH,HC1,KHCO3,MeOH,60-100℃),还原保护(例如首先用LiAlH4,Et2O处理,再用CbzCl,K2CO3,THF处理),再用汞盐介导环化[例如Hg(OAc)2/KCl-H2O/NaBH4-O2],任选脱保护,或任选氧化(例如用PCC,CH2Cl2),任选再进一步氧化(例如用NaClO2,H2O2,NaH2PO4,CH3CN-H2O),任选再脱保护(例如用H2/Pd-C)。
本发明的另一个目的是提供以上通式(II)的化合物的制备方法,包括:将保护的半乳糖开环延长碳链(例如用PhP=CH2,DME,70-100℃),氧化(例如用DCC,DMSO,吡啶,CF3COOH),成肟(例如用NH2OH,HCl,KHCO3,MeOH,60-100℃),还原保护(例如首先用LiAlH4,Et2O处理,再用CbzCl,K2CO3,THF处理),再用汞盐介导环化[例如Hg(OAc)2/KCl-H2O/NaBH4-O2],任选脱保护,或任选氧化(例如用PCC,CH2Cl2),任选再进一步氧化(例如用NaClO2,H2O2,NaH2PO4,CH3CN-H2O),任选再脱保护(例如用H2/Pd-C)。
本发明的另一个目的是提供以上通式(III)的化合物的制备方法,包括:将保护的半乳糖开环延长碳链(例如用PhP=CH2,DME,70-100℃),氧化(例如用DCC,DMSO,吡啶,CF3COOH),成肟(例如用NH2OH,HCl,KHCO3,MeOH,60-100℃),还原保护(例如首先用LiAlH4,Et2O处理,再用CbzCl,K2CO3,THF处理),再用汞盐介导环化[例如Hg(OAc)2/KCl-H2O/NaBH4-O2],任选脱保护。
以下是氮杂糖衍生物的合成路线:
路线1:
路线2:
在以上三个通式的化合物的制备中,环化可以是在0-100℃下进行。
本发明的又一个目的是提供上述化合物在制备免疫抑制药物中的用途。初步的细胞因子的试验表明,这类化合物显示出较强的细胞免疫和体液免疫活性。
本发明的再一个目的是提供上述化合物作为α-葡萄糖苷酶I抑制剂和/或α-半乳糖苷酶抑制剂,尤其在制备治疗糖尿病的药物中的用途。试验表明,这些化合物具有较强的α-葡萄糖苷酶I抑制活性和α-半乳糖苷酶抑制活性。
本发明还有一个目的是提供含有有效量的上述化合物的药物组合物。本发明的药物组合物可以药学可接受的载体(如赋型剂,稀释剂等)以及任选的其它添加剂如甜味剂,香味剂,崩解剂等。药物组合物的制备方法为本领域常用方法。
本文所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的加成盐或水合物可以利用各种给药途径或方式供给患者。适合的给药途径包括但不限于吸入、透皮、口服、直肠、经粘膜、肠内和肠胃外给药,肠胃外给药包括肌内、皮下和静脉内注射。
本文所用的术语“给药”包括所有直接与间接释放化合物到其预期作用部位的手段。
本文所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的衍生物可以单独给药或与其他本发明化合物联合给药,和/或以与其他已知免疫抑制剂或糖尿病治疗药物联合的形式给药。
本发明的活性化合物可以本身形式给药的,或者以药物组合物形式给药,其中活性化合物是与一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂或稀释剂混合的。按照本发明使用的药物组合物通常是按常规方式配制的,使用一种或多种生理学上可接受的载体,包含赋形剂和助剂,它们有利于将活性化合物加工成可以在药学上使用的制剂。适当的制剂取决于所选择的给药途径,可以按照本领域熟知的常识进行制造。
例如,对于治疗糖尿病来说,通常采用口服制剂是有利的。可以口用的药物制剂包括胶囊剂和片剂等。病人吞咽有困难时,也可以采用舌下片或者其他非吞咽的方式给药。
本发明化合物也可以配制用于肠胃外给药或者透皮给药或者经粘膜给药。或者采用栓剂或者埋植剂的方式给药。
本领域技术人员可以理解,在本发明化合物的基础上,可以采用合适的药物释放系统(DDS),以得到更有利的效果。
由于糖尿病和免疫性疾病属于慢性病,因此,可以长期服用的口服剂型从经济上讲对患者是有利的。
优选地,组合物是单位剂型,例如片剂或胶囊剂。
给药方式以及有效剂量的选择将尤其根据所治疗的疾病而异。给药方式和剂量的选择在本领域技术人员的能力范围内。
本发明化合物的单位剂型通常将含有0.1至99重量%活性物质,更通常为5至75重量%活性物质。举例来说,单位剂型可以含有1mg至100mg化合物。
每个剂量单位或每次口服给药优选地含有1至400mg(关于肠胃外给药,优选地含有10至100mg)本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的衍生物,每日给药3次或根据进餐次数决定。
本发明的化合物将按照有效提供所需治疗效果的量给药。提供所需治疗效果所必要的浓度将尤其根据疾病的明确性质、患者的年龄、体重和疾病的严重性而异。
通常,本发明化合物的给药量将在0.1mg/kg/d至10mg/kg/d体重的范围内。
实施例
以下通过实施例来说明本发明,应该理解的是,这些实施例仅用于说明的目的,不构成对本发明范围的限制。
实施例1
化合物9,10,11的合成:
(1)化合物2的合成
(a)250ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,放入保护的半乳糖化合物1[(a)Koto,S.;Zen,S.Bull.Chem.Soc.Jpn.1976,49,2639;(b)Martin,O.R.;Saavedra,O.M.;Xie,F.;Liu,L.;Picasso,S.;Vogel,P.;Kizu,H.;Asano,N.Bioorg.Med.Chem.2001,9,1269.](10.8g,0.02mol),真空泵抽真空后,N2保护下,加入60ml干燥的DME溶剂,冰水浴冷却到0℃,加入12.5ml butyl-lithium(1.6M in hexane,0.02mol),搅拌。
(b)250ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,放入试剂Ph3PCH3Br(14.3g,0.04mol),真空泵抽真空,N2保护下,加入50ml DME。冰盐浴冷却到-15℃,搅拌,慢慢加入25ml butyl-lithium(1.6M in hexane,0.04mol),10min后,撒去冰盐浴,室温下搅拌50min。
(c)注射器将b内所制Wittig试剂抽出,慢慢加入步骤a所得溶液内。撤去冰水浴,升至室温后,油浴加热回流,控温80℃1h,原料反应完,加入50ml丙酮终止反应,冰水浴冷却,硅藻土过滤,滤液浓缩后,柱层析分离[洗脱剂(V/V)石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=8∶1-2∶1],得油状粘稠产物8.5g,产率79%。1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ:3.43-3.53(m,2H),3.78-3.81(m,2H),4.03-4.11(m,2H),4.31-4.43(m,4H),4.47(d,J=11.7Hz,1H),4.63(d,J=11.7Hz,1H),4.73(s,2H),5.28(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),5.33(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),5.79-5.91(m,1H),7.14-7.31(m,20H)。13CNMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ:69.62,70.26,71.17,73.05,73.10,75.20,80.70,82.05,119.17,127.55,127.67,127.97,128.06,128.28,135.69,137.98,138.11,138.15,138.21。MS(FAB)538),(M+),元素分析:(C35H38O5),计算值:(%):C:78.04,H:7.11;实测值(%)C:78.30,H:7.11。
(2)化合物3的合成
方法1. 250ml圆底烧瓶中,加入化合物2(5g,9.4mmol),溶于25ml甲苯(加钠回流2h),搅拌,加入DCC(5.12g,25mmol),4ml DMSO,3ml Pyridine,逐滴加入3ml CF3COOH,控温28℃,搅拌3h。补加DCC(2g,9.7mmol),继续搅拌10h。停止反应,加入8ml水,50ml乙酸乙酯,硅藻土过滤,分离水层与乙酸乙酯层,依次用1N HCl(50ml×2),饱和碳酸氢钠溶液50ml洗一次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤干燥剂,蒸除溶剂,浓缩后,柱层析分离[洗脱剂(V/y)石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=15∶1-3∶1]得淡黄色油状粘稠产物2.8g,产率:64%。
方法2. 100ml圆底烧瓶内,加入化合物2(500mg,0.92mmol),抽干后,放入4分子筛100mg一同抽真空后,N2保护下,加入CH2Cl2(15ml),搅拌约30min。冰盐浴冷却下,加入PCC(400mg,1.8mmol),室温搅拌2h,反应完全后,加CH2Cl2稀释,过滤,浓缩滤液,柱层析分离[洗脱剂(V/V)石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=8∶1-3∶1]得油状产物400mg,产率80%。1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ:3.89(dd,J=6.0,4.5Hz,1H),4.10(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.17(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),4.26-4.48(m,7H),4.57(d,J=10.8Hz,1H),4.59(d,J=11.4Hz,1H),4.71(d,J=11.4Hz,1H),5.29(dd,J=12.0,1.5Hz,1H),5.37(dd,J=16.5,0.9Hz,1H),5.78-5.90(m,1H),7.16-7.32(m,20H)。
13CNMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ:70.30,72.29,72.64,74.12,74.38,80.40,81.76,82.42,119.26,127.18,127.27,127.37,127.51,127.57,127.61,127.76,127.89,127.93,127.97,128.05,134.82,136.81,137.18,137.68,137.86,206.96。HRMS(M+Na+,)calcd for C35H36O5Na559.2454 found 559.2468。
(3)化合物4的合成
250ml圆底烧瓶中,放入化合物3(4.8g,9mmol),加入甲醇(60ml),搅拌溶解,加入KHCO34g,NH2OH.HCl(3g,43mmol),油浴80℃回流1.5h停止反应,加入甲醇(30ml)稀释,硅藻土过滤,乙酸乙酯充分洗,蒸除溶剂,加乙酸乙酯溶解,依次用1N HCl(20ml),饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(20ml),饱和氯化钠溶液(20ml)洗,无水硫酸钠干燥。30min后,过滤干燥剂,浓缩滤液后,柱层析分离[洗脱剂(V/V)石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=5∶1]得产物4.7 g,抽干后为稍带黄色固体,产率:96%。1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ:3.84-3.88(m,1H),4.11-4.68(m,12H),5.14-5.38(m,2H),5.87-5.99(m,1H),7.17-7.28(m,20H),8.74(br.s,1H)。13CNMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ:63.26,70.58,71.27,73.55,74.53,77.78,80.41,82.74,118.36,127.40,127.48,127.58,127.63,127.71,127.77,127.88,127.93,128.11,128.15,128.18,128.26,135.90,137.73,137.86,138.31,138.46,156.96。MS(FAB)552(M+H+);元素分析(%):calcd for C35H37NO5:C:76.20,H:6.76,N:2.54;found:C:76.40,H:6.79,N:2.46。
(4)化合物5的合成
(a)250ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,在N2保护下,放入LiAlH4(1.8g,47mmol),加入无水乙醚(15ml),搅拌下,慢慢将化合物4(4.5g,8mmol)的30ml乙醚溶液加入其中,室温下搅拌4h,反应完全,慢慢滴加乙酸乙酯(15ml),NaOH溶液(15ml),硅藻土过滤,乙酸乙酯充分洗,饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(20ml)洗,饱和NaCl溶液(20ml)洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,30min,过滤干燥剂,浓缩滤液,真空油泵尽量抽于,得中间粗产物。
(b)将中间粗产物于250ml圆底烧瓶中,加入干燥THF(40ml),搅拌,加入K2CO3(4.5g,0.033mol),CbzCl(4ml,0.025mol),室温搅拌2.5h,停止反应,加入水(20ml)搅拌20min,再加入水(20ml),用足量乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机层,依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗,饱和NaCl溶液洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,30min,过滤干燥剂,浓缩滤液,柱层析分离[洗脱剂(V/V)石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=5∶1-3∶1],得淡黄色油状粘稠产物5.1g,产率:93%.1HNMRδ:3.64-4.76(m,14H),5.04-5.39(m,5H),5.89-5.94(m,1H),7.09-7.41(m,25H)。Ms(MALDI-TOF)694(M+Na+,C43H45NO6Na)。
(5)化合物6,7,8的合成
(a)250ml圆底烧瓶中,放入化合物5(1.8g,2.6mmol),真空泵尽量抽干后,在N2保护下,加入干燥THF(120ml),加入Hg(OAc)2(3.0g,9.4mmol),85℃油浴回流,27h检测,仍有较多原料剩余,补加Hg(OAc)2(1.2g,3.7mmol),反应35h,少量原料剩余,停止反应。蒸除溶剂,得粗产物。
(b)将上述粗产物于250ml圆底烧瓶中,加CHCl3(80ml)溶解,加饱和的KCl水溶液(80ml)充分搅拌约4h,分出CHCl3层,水层用CHCl3萃取多次,合并CHCl3层,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤干燥剂,浓缩滤液,得粗产物。
(c)250ml三颈圆底烧瓶中,放入NaBH4(200mg,5.4mmol),真空泵抽真空,通氧气流使瓶中充满氧气,加入DMF溶剂(20ml),在使氧气流激烈的条件下,慢慢滴加上面步骤(b)的粗产物的40mlDMF溶液,滴加完后,继续保持激烈氧气流,室温搅拌2h,停止反应,加乙醚稀释,硅藻土过滤,滤液加水摇振,分出有机层,水层再用乙醚萃取多次,合并乙醚层,依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗,饱和氯化钠溶液洗,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤干燥剂,浓缩滤液,柱层析分离[洗脱剂(V/V)石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=5∶1,甲苯∶乙腈=20∶1],分出化合物6(408mg,收率22%,油状粘稠物,久置后成固体),化合物7(340mg,收率18%,油状粘稠物)和化合物8(136mg,收率7%,油状粘稠物)。化合物6:1HNMR(500MHz,55℃,CDCl3)δ:2.51(br.s,1H),3.44-3.49(m,2H),3.58(br.s,1H),3.87(dd,J=3.0,9.5Hz,1H),3.89-3.93(m,1H),3.94(t,J=2.5Hz,1H),4.32(dd,J=9.5,7.0Hz,1H),4.40-4.46(m,2H),4.57(d,J=11.5Hz,1H),4.61-4.65(m,3H),4.69(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),4.72-4.79(m,1H),4.81(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),4.82-4.88(m,1H),5.16(d,J=12.5Hz,1H),5.20(d,J=12.5Hz,1H),7.22-7.33(m,25H)。13CNMR(125MHz,CDCl3,55℃)δ:54.38,54.89,63.27,67.69,69.57,72.07,72.50,73.14,73.60,74.21,76.01,76.13,127.56,127.66,127.73,127.80,127.91,127.97,128.27,128.32,128.44,128.51,136.65,137.74,138.18,138.54,156.70;MS(MALDI-TOF)710(M+Na+)元素分析(%):calcd for C43H45NO7C:75.09,H:6.59,N:2.04;found C:75.17,H:6.87,N:1.89。化合物7:1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ:3.51-4.59(m,17H),4.92-5.04(ABq,J=12.3Hz,2H),7.08-7.25(m,25H);13CNMR(125MHz,CDCl3)6:54.89,55.82,61.84,66.14,67.11,71.99,72.68(2个碳),72.79,73.01,73.79,76.75,127.37,127.46,127.56,127.69,128.20,128.24,128.27,136.38,137.82,138.21,138.23,138.24,156.82;MS(MALDI-TOF)710(M+Na+)元素分析(%):calcd for C43H45NO7 C:75.09,H:6.59,N:2.04;foundC:74.98,H:6.79,N:1.89。化合物8:1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:3.37(br.s,1H),3.56(dd,J=10.0,4.5Hz,1H),3.61-3.65(m,1H),3.74(t,J=3.0Hz,1H),3.92(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),4.00-4.03(m,1H),4.08(d,J=12.5Hz,1H),4.12-4.15(m,1H),4.37-4.52(m,7H),4.60(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),4.67(d,J=11.0Hz,1H)5.00(d,J=12.5Hz,1H),5.07(d,J=12.5Hz,1H),7.20-7.38(m,25H);13CNMR(CDCl3,125MHz)δ:56.34,59.32,59.33,67.33,68.33,71.64,71.71,72.97,73.29,74.11,74.53,76.74,126.94,127.49,127.57,127.61,127.67,127.75,127.83,127.96,128.13,128.28,128.35,128.38,128.41,128.52,136.16,137.79,137.90,138.12,138.29,156.54。MS(TOF)688(M+H+);元素分析(%)calcd forC43H45NO7:C:75.09,H:6.59,N:2.04;found C:74.96,H:6.81,N:1.79。
(6)化合物9的合成
将化合物6(37mg,0.054mmol)溶于1ml HOAc∶H2O∶THF=4∶2∶1的溶剂中,加入10%Pd/C(20mg),于高纯氢发生器内进行氢化反应24h,TLC检测(展开剂:甲醇)反应完后,过滤Pd/C,用甲醇充分洗,并用甲醇反复带干溶剂。C-18反相硅胶柱层析,洗脱剂:双蒸水。收集组分,蒸干溶剂,冷冻干燥,得略带黄色固体12mg,产率92%。1HNMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ:1.92(s,3H),3.13-3.16(m,1H),3.36(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),3.74-3.78(m,3H),3.89-3.94(m,4H)13CNMR(125MHz,CD3OD)δ:23.59,56.65,57.77,60.99,61.45,66.10,69.63,71.60;HRMS(M+H+):calcd for C7H15NO5+H 194.1023;found 194.1022。
(7)化合物10的合成
制备方法同化合物9,收率95%。1HNMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ:1.92(s,3H),3.36-3.39(m,1H),3.48-3.51(m,1H),3.71(dd,J=7.5,3.0Hz,1H),3.78-3.92(m,4H),4.02(dd,J=8.0,4.5Hz,1H),4.06(t,J=3.0Hz,1H)13CNMR(125MHz,CD3OD)δ:23.59,56.13,57.26,58.32,60.18,68.04,69.01,71.95,179.66;HRMS(M+H+):calcd for C7H15NO5+H194.1023;found194.1022。
(8)化合物11的合成
制备方法同化合物9,收率97%。1HNMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ:1.92(s,3H),3.07(br.s,1H),3.33-3.34(m,1H),3.68(dd,J=3.0,7.5Hz,1H),3.74-3.89(m,5H),3.94-3.95(m,1H)13CNMR(125MHz,CD3OD)δ:23.58,58.45,58.87,59.76,60.52,68.78,69.38,72.76,180.45。HRMS(M+H+):calcd for C7H15NO5+H194.1023;found 194.1023。
实施例2
化合物14和17的合成:
(1)化合物15的合成
将化合物7(50mg,0.073mmol)于25ml圆底烧瓶内,抽干后,放入4A分子筛(50mg)一同抽真空约1h,N2保护下,加入CH2Cl24ml,搅拌约1h。在冰盐浴冷却下,加入PCC(30mg,0.14mmol),搅拌1h后,反应未完全,再加入PCC(30mg,0.014mmol),室温搅拌2h,反应完全。加CH2Cl2稀释反应液,硅藻土过滤,CH2Cl2充分洗,浓缩滤液后,柱层析分离[洗脱剂(V/V)石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=6∶1],得粘稠油状产物43mg,产率86%。1HNMR(500MHz,22℃,CDCl3)δ:3.67(br.s,1H),3.81-3.92(m,3H),3.99(t,J=10.0Hz,1H),4.09(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),4.38-4.61(m,8H),4.75-4.85(m,1H),4.99(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),5.17(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),7.16-7.36(m,25H),9.76(s,1H);1HNMR(CDCl3,42℃,500MHz)δ:3.68(t,J=3.5Hz,1H),3.86-3.96(m,3H),3.99(t,J=10.5Hz,1H),4.09(dd,J=1.5,4.0Hz,1H),4.39-4.60(m,8H),4.77(br.,1H),4.99(br.,1H),5.16(d,J=13.0Hz,1H),7.14-7.21(m,25H),9.74(s,1H)。HRMS(M+H+)calcd for C43H43NO7+H686.3112;found 686.3114。
(2)化合物16的合成
将化合物15(40mg,0.058mmol)溶于1ml乙腈中,冰水浴冷却下,加入NaH2PO4的水溶液(0.4ml,100mg/ml),加入H2O2(100μ1,30%溶液),加入NaCl02水溶液(0.8ml,102mg/ml),撒去冰水浴,室温搅拌10h,停止反应。加少量水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,水层再用CH2Cl2萃取多次,合并有机相,用无水NaSO4干燥,过滤干燥剂,柱层析分离[洗脱剂(V/V)石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=2∶1,再用乙酸乙酯加1%的HOAc],得油状粘稠产物25mg,产率60%。1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:3.55(dd,J=8.0,3.0Hz,1H),3.80-4.06(m,4H),4.12(dd,J=7.0,4.5Hz,1H),4.28-4.44(m,3H),4.51(d,J=11.5Hz,1H),4.57(d,J=11.5Hz,1H),4.61(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),4.63-4.70(m,2H),4.78(br.,1H),4.84(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),5.02(d,J=12.5Hz,1H),7.11-7.24(m,25H);13CNMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:55.70,56.81,66.89,67.93,72.93,73.18,73.25,73.63,74.51,75.37,79.24,127.52,127.60,127.74,127.92,128.04,128.20,128.27,128.34,128.40,128.55,135.86,136.90,137.94,138.07,138.26,156.70,170.86;HRMS(M+Na+):calcd for C43H43NO8Na 724.2880;found 724.2887。
(3)化合物17的合成
将化合物16(37mg,0.05mmol)溶于1ml混合溶剂中(HOAc∶H2O∶THF=4∶2∶1),加入10%Pd/C(20 mg),于高纯氢发生器内进行氢化反应24h,TLC检测(展开剂:甲醇)反应完后,过滤Pd/C,用甲醇充分洗,并用甲醇反复带干溶剂。C-18反相硅胶柱层析,洗脱剂:双蒸水。收集组分,蒸干溶剂,冷冻干燥,得略带黄色固体12mg,产率92%。1HNMR(500MHz,D2O)δ:1.77(s,3H),2.98(bs,1H),3.52-3.59(m,2H),3.64-3.66(m,1H),3.72(bs,1H),3.85-3.89(m,2H);13CNMR(125MHz,D2O)δ:23.96,56.79,57.62,58.13,61.95,69.54,72.77,182.42。
(4)化合物13的合成
化合物13由化合物6经过与制备化合物16相同的方法而制得,两步总收率51%。1HNMR(500Hz,CDCl3)δ:3.54-3.55(m,1H),3.86-3.87(m,1H),3.99(bs,1H),4.36-4.52(m,10H),4.72-4.80(m,2H),5.10-5.21(m,2H),7.26-7.32(m,25H)。
(5)化合物14的合成
化合物14由化合物13按照与制备化合物17相同的方法而制得,收率98%。1HNMR(500MHz,D2O)δ:1.76(s,3H),3.03(bs,1H),3.63-3.83(m,4H),3.92(s,1H),4.14(s,1H);13CNMR(125MHz,D2O)δ:23.93,55.69,58.55,59.70,64.52,69.85,70.20,182.42。
实施例3、注射剂的制备
将25mg的以上本发明的化合物9、10、11、14或17与2ml注射用生理盐水配制成注射剂。
实施例4、口服片剂的制备
将50mg的以上本发明的化合物9、10、11、14或17,乳糖70mg,玉米淀粉125mg和硬脂酸镁5mg按常规片剂制备工艺制成片剂。氮杂糖衍生物生物活性测试结果:
(1)对所合成的氮杂糖衍生物进行了体外半乳糖苷酶抑制活性的测定,发现部分化合物具有较强的α-半乳糖苷酶抑制活性。活性数值如下:
Compound α-Galactosidase(IC50) β-Galactosidase(IC50)
9 14.9x10-6M 1600x10-6M
10 11.6x10-aM 1236x10-6M
11 35.8x10-6M 2355x10-6M
14 2x10-3M,I%=21% 2x10-3M,I%=11%
17 78.6x10-6M 2x10-3M,I%=38%
Galacto-DNJ 5.2x10-8M 4.7x10-6M
对合成的氮杂糖还进行了α-葡萄糖苷酶I的抑制活性的测定,发现与对照化合物DNJ(deoxynojirimycin,一种已知的强的α-葡萄糖苷酶I抑制剂)相比,化合物10对其具有更强的抑制活性。
(2)这些氮杂糖类化合物还具有免疫抑制方面的活性,初步的细胞因子的试验表明这类化合物显示出较强的细胞免疫和体液免疫活性。实验结果见下表:
Control(mo drug) | 9(1μl) | 10(1μl) | 11(1μl) | |
OD450 | 2.20 | 1.63 | 1.66 | 2.03 |
IL-4(pg/ml) | 1075 | 654 | 676 | 949 |
Volumeexamined(μl) | 50 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Total IL-4 output(pg) | 258 | 144 | 183 | 171 |
Relative output(%) | 100 | 55.8 | 70.9 | 66.3 |
Control(no drug) | 9(1μl) | 10(1μl) | 11(1μl) | |
OD450 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
IFN-γ(pg/ml) | 140 | 74 | 88 | 88 |
Volumeexamined(μl) | 20 | 40 | 40 | 20 |
Total IFN-γoutput(pg) | 84 | 41 | 59 | 79 |
Relative output(%) | 100 | 48.8 | 70.2 | 90.0 |
Claims (7)
1、以下通式(I)-(III)的氮杂糖类化合物或它们的药用盐或溶剂化物:
其中在以上结构式(I)-(III)中:
R1是H、Bn或Cbz;R2-R5是H、Bn或Cbz,R6是-CH2OH、-CHO或-COOH;
R7是H、Bn或Cbz;R8-R11是H、Bn或Cbz,R12是-CH2OH、-CHO或-COOH;
R13是H、Bn或Cbz;R14-R17是H、Bn或Cbz,R18是-CH2OH。
2、权利要求1的通式(I)的化合物的制备方法,包括:将保护的半乳糖开环延长碳链,氧化,成肟,还原保护,再用汞盐介导环化,任选脱保护,或任选氧化,任选再进一步氧化,任选再脱保护。
3、权利要求1的通式(II)的化合物的制备方法,包括:将保护的半乳糖开环延长碳链,氧化,成肟,还原保护,再用汞盐介导环化,任选脱保护,或任选氧化,任选再进一步氧化,任选再脱保护。
4、权利要求1的通式(III)的化合物的制备方法,包括:将保护的半乳糖开环延长碳链,氧化,成肟,还原保护,再用汞盐介导环化,任选脱保护。
5、权利要求1的通式(I)-(III)的化合物或它们的药用盐或溶剂化物在制备免疫抑制药物中的用途。
6、通式(I)-(III)的化合物或它们的药用盐或溶剂化物在制备治疗糖尿病的药物中的用途,
其中在以上结构式(I)-(III)中:
R1是H、Bn或Cbz;R2-R5是H、Bn或Cbz,R6是-CH2OH、-CHO或-COOH;
R7是H、Bn或Cbz;R8-R11是H、Bn或Cbz,R12是-CH2OH、-CHO或-COOH;
R13是H、Bn或Cbz;R14-R17是H、Bn或Cbz,R18是-CH2OH。
7、含有有效量的权利要求1的通式(I)-(III)任意化合物的药物组合物。
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