CN1321288C - Burner, fuel combustion method and boiler retrofit method - Google Patents
Burner, fuel combustion method and boiler retrofit method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1321288C CN1321288C CNB2005100093721A CN200510009372A CN1321288C CN 1321288 C CN1321288 C CN 1321288C CN B2005100093721 A CNB2005100093721 A CN B2005100093721A CN 200510009372 A CN200510009372 A CN 200510009372A CN 1321288 C CN1321288 C CN 1321288C
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- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D23/00—Assemblies of two or more burners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
- F23C7/008—Flow control devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
- F23D1/04—Burners producing cylindrical flames without centrifugal action
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
- F23D2900/00003—Fuel or fuel-air mixtures flow distribution devices upstream of the outlet
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
- F23D2900/11402—Airflow diaphragms at burner nozzle
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Abstract
In a burner of construction having a primary nozzle, a secondary nozzle and a tertiary nozzle, a partition wall partitioning the secondary nozzle and the tertiary nozzle and having a flow path change member provided thereon, the partition wall is formed so as to be movable in parallel to the burner axis to control jetting speeds and flow rates of secondary air and tertiary air, whereby it is possible to cool the burner constituent members while reducing NOx. The partition wall is composed of a fixed wall and a movable wall. The burner comprises a bypass passage through which tertiary air in the tertiary nozzle bypasses the tertiary nozzle to flow into the secondary nozzle or the primary nozzle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of burner, the fuel combustion method by burner, and improve the boiler that is provided with existing burner and make it become the method that has according to the boiler of this clearly demarcated burner of making.
Background technology
For the burner that is used for boiler etc., need the coupling charge weight variation, mate various coals, reduce nitrogen oxide concentration (NOx), reduce unburned fuel etc.In order to satisfy these requirements, after deliberation control burning condition the whole bag of tricks.For example, some of them are to utilize the method for air regulator air distribution flow between auxiliary air and tertiary air, change the method for whirlpool number etc.
As a kind of method of controlling burning condition, proposed a kind of by making the partition wall of separating auxiliary air and tertiary air movably, the method (for example, referring to patent documentation 1) of regulating the secondary air streams flow and regulating the air injection direction.
Patent documentation 1:JP 60-26922B (claims)
Summary of the invention
Patent documentation 1 discloses because it can be by the partition wall that moves axially at burner, and the flow of control auxiliary air is so from low NOx discharge capacity and efficiency of combustion, secondary flame can burn under optimum condition.
One of purpose of the present invention is to make burner cools, reduces NOx simultaneously.
Comprise according to this clearly demarcated burner: the primary nozzle that is used to provide fuel and primary air; Be arranged on outside the described primary nozzle, be used for the secondary nozzle of feeding secondary air; It is outer so that contact with the outside of described secondary nozzle to be arranged on described secondary nozzle, be used to supply with three nozzles of tertiary air, wherein said secondary nozzle and described three nozzles are separated by partition wall, wherein: described primary nozzle has the flameholder that is arranged on its downstream, described partition wall has mobile the flowing from the axis along burner that is used for tertiary air thereon and changes to the flow path change part that outwards flows and spray described tertiary air, described partition wall is configured to, utilize described flow path to change part, described partition wall can make described three nozzles enter near complete closing state along the moving of axial direction of described burner.The secondary nozzle provides auxiliary air, and three nozzles provide tertiary air.In the present invention, the meaning of burner axis is the central axis of tubulose primary nozzle.
Be provided with the partition wall that flow path changes part by moving, change the area of section of the tertiary air injection of three nozzles, and change the flow and the flow velocity of tertiary air in the direction parallel with the burner axle.The variation of tertiary air flow has changed the flow and the flow velocity of auxiliary air.By the variation of tertiary air flow or secondary air flow, change burning condition.As a result, can reduce the temperature that burner is formed parts.
One's duty make eye bright one of the burner of three groups of tubular constructions constitute so that fuel is lighted forming reduction flame and NOx is reduced by primary air, and auxiliary air and tertiary air mix with reduction flame with burning and are included in the unburned fuel that reduces in the flame.Burner is 2 grades of burners of well-known igniting or igniting NOx reduction burner.In this burner, the delay during tertiary air mixes makes the zone of reduction flame become big, thereby promotes the discharging of low NOx.Shown in patent documentation 1, each of many burners of this structure all has the stabilizer that is arranged on the outlet of tubulose primary nozzle, and be same, in the present invention, also can stabilizer be set in the exit of primary nozzle.In flameholder, the internal flame stabilizing ring that is formed at the inner ring-type projection of tubulose primary nozzle outlet is arranged, and the external flame stabilizing ring that is arranged on the outside ring-type projection of tubulose primary nozzle outlet, so that axial discharge at burner, and in optimal way, the two all is provided with.Because in its wake flow or the turbulent flow vortex in stabilizer flow downstream, being provided with of stabilizer formed flow circulation zone, and the circulation of flow comprises fuel, for example, pulverized coal particle makes its flash-point that becomes high-temperature gas, and has promoted lighting of coal dust.At this, auxiliary air has played the role of cooling stabilizer and fuel metering and air mixing ratio.
Change part as flow path, ideal state is that this part is the inclined plane with taper, so that tertiary air flows, little by little changes to the direction that outwards flows from the direction with the axis PARALLEL FLOW of burner simultaneously.In addition, flow path changes the rear side of part, that is to say, the ideal state of the side that contacts with auxiliary air is to form so that its inclined plane along three nozzles tilts.Change part by the flow path that forms this structure, when mobile flow path changes part so that tertiary air sprays area of section when diminishing, the area in air injection reaction cross section increases according to its motion.
For partition wall is moved easily, do not make the complex structure of burner again, the partition wall of ideal state is made up of fixation wall and moving end-wall, and that moving end-wall slides on the surface of fixation wall is mobile.Specifically, under ideal state, be parallel to as the mobile part of the burner axis of fixation wall by tertiary air, and concurrent flow is formed in the part that the direction that outwards flows as moving end-wall changes, that is to say that the latter is partly for being provided with the part that flow path changes part.Under ideal state, fixation wall is provided with guide roller.In optimal way, be provided with the retainer or a plurality of retainer that are used to stop moving end-wall on one of fixation wall and moving end-wall at least, to move.Because changing the partition wall of part and flow path change part adjacent domain, flow path is easy to be heated to high temperature, so, in optimal way, provide the fin that is used for its cooling.As the device that is used for mobile moving end-wall, be provided with the clavate part, the clavate part is fixed on the moving end-wall, and by manual or automatics axially moving forward and backward at burner.At this moment, the prolongation of outer clavate part one end of burner wind-box makes its convenient for maintaining and is difficult for losing efficacy.Can be by moving moving end-wall with pulling with the end of push rod shape part.In addition, can easily it be moved forward and backward on the end parts of clavate part, gear being set, and use have fixed thereon and with the handle of another gear of gears engaged.In addition, by motor being provided or replacing handle, can save the power that is used to move and being automatic by control with motor.
Can be used for specifically, being suitable for using the burner of coal dust according to burner of the present invention as the burner that uses oil, natural gas, coal dust etc. to act as a fuel.In the burner of coal dust, when load reduces by being provided with the oil burner that helps the primary nozzle internal combustion, help burning.In burner according to the present invention, can provide this oil burner equally.
For burner according to the present invention, can increase the tertiary air bypass mechanism that makes a part of tertiary air bypass enter another nozzle by three nozzles.The tertiary air bypass mechanism forms, and when the partition wall of separating secondary nozzle and three nozzles with box lunch moved to preposition, a part of tertiary air bypass entered another nozzle by three nozzles.By in moving end-wall, making the hole, in fixation wall, make the hole simultaneously, when moving to the precalculated position with convenient moving end-wall, above-mentioned hole communicates with each other, and the bypass of another part tertiary air enters the secondary nozzle by three nozzles.It is just enough to form a hole in each fixation wall and moving end-wall, yet, in optimal way, for the flow that increases tertiary air can be provided with a plurality of holes at circumferencial direction.
By forming the hole in primary nozzle and this hole being connected with the hole that is formed in the fixation wall by bypass pipe, can make tertiary air flow to primary nozzle., so that flowing along the inwall of primary nozzle, tertiary air and sprays by forming bypass pipe at the flow direction of fuel, and can be by the tertiary air cooling stabilizer that flows in primary nozzle.
According to a further aspect in the invention, it provides a kind of fuel combustion method by burner, and wherein said burner comprises: the primary nozzle that is used to supply with fuel and primary air; Be arranged on the secondary nozzle that described primary nozzle is used for feeding secondary air outward; Be arranged on described secondary nozzle outward so that contact with the outside of described secondary nozzle, be used to supply with three nozzles of tertiary air, wherein said secondary nozzle and described three nozzles are separated by partition wall; Be arranged on the flameholder of the downstream of described primary nozzle; And flow path changes part, it is arranged on and is used for flowing from the mobile described partition wall that outwards flows that changes to along burner axis tertiary air, the axial direction that described partition wall constitutes at burner moves, wherein: described partition wall is according to the variation of load, the temperature of burner axial end portion, the performance of fuel, the concentration of nitrogen oxide, the concentration of unburned fuel, and fuel is supplied with a plurality of conditions of any one conditioned disjunction stop and is moved, and change the flow that part is regulated the tertiary air of supplying with from described three nozzles by described flow path, up to described three nozzles near closing fully.
Another aspect of the present invention is, under by the situation of using the said burner combustion fuel, when the temperature that changes part when flow path becomes and is higher than the temperature of setting, the partition wall of separating secondary nozzle and three nozzles moves, spray sectional area with the tertiary air that reduces by three nozzles, thereby increase the combustion method of tertiary air flow velocity.In addition, another aspect of the present invention is, mobile partition wall sprays sectional area to increase tertiary air, and during burning when ashes begin to be deposited on the burner, make the combustion method of the flow velocity reduction of tertiary air.In addition, another aspect of the present invention is, when burner when not having fuel to supply to burner, mobile partition wall sprays sectional area with the tertiary air that reduces by three nozzles, and increases the method for auxiliary air flow velocity.In addition, another aspect of the present invention is to make the part tertiary air to supply to three nozzles and enters secondary nozzle or primary nozzle with bypass by three nozzles, stops to supply fuel to the method for burner simultaneously.In addition, another aspect of the present invention is higher or use under the situation of relatively poor flammability fuel in the concentration of NOx, reduces making tertiary air spray sectional area to reduce, with power that increases tertiary air and the method for operating that increases the tertiary air amount.
Another aspect of the present invention is, improvement is provided with the method for the boiler of the existing burner with tubulose partition wall of separating secondary nozzle and three nozzles and fixedly installing, wherein a part or all partition walls can move, and are provided with partition wall that tubulose partition wall that flow path changes part is set to be used for fixing so that move.
Be 2 grades of burning types of igniting and have remarkable reduction NOx performance according to burner of the present invention.According to the present invention, can suppress that ashes are deposited on the burner or owing to add the cause thermal damage burner, reduce NOx simultaneously.In the present invention, be fixed to constant outward direction and change the momentum of tertiary air by the injection direction with tertiary air, the size of flow circulation or zone can reach optimization in the scope that does not diminish, and can keep better burning condition.In addition, constant even the flow of tertiary air keeps, also can make the flow velocity of guide thimble downstream higher, so that the cooled guide sleeve pipe.In addition, by the momentum and the flow of independent control tertiary air, can control mainly the size of the flame size determined by momentum and mobile circulation separately and the size of the reduced zone determined by flow, and keep good burning condition.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cross sectional view that shows the embodiment of the present invention burner;
Fig. 2 is the cross sectional view that shows the embodiment that uses embodiment of the present invention burner shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 shows the cross sectional view of cutting open along the III-III of the burner among Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 shows the cross sectional view of cutting open along the IV-IV of the burner among Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is the cross sectional view that shows another embodiment burner of the present invention;
Fig. 6 shows the cross sectional view of using burner embodiment shown in Figure 5;
Fig. 7 shows the structure diagram that is used for according to the controller of embodiment of the present invention burner;
Fig. 8 is the cross sectional view that shows another embodiment burner of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the cross sectional view that shows another embodiment burner of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the cross sectional view that shows another embodiment burner of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the cross sectional view that shows another embodiment burner of the present invention;
Figure 12 is the cross sectional view that shows another embodiment burner of the present invention;
Figure 13 shows the cross sectional view of cutting open along the XIII-XIII of Figure 12;
Figure 14 shows the cross sectional view of cutting open along the XIV-XIV of Figure 12;
Figure 15 shows the cross sectional view of cutting open along the XV-XV of Figure 12;
Figure 16 is the cross sectional view that shows another embodiment burner of the present invention;
Figure 17 shows the cross sectional view of cutting open along the XVII-XVII of Figure 16;
Figure 18 shows the view of watching from the XVIII-XVIII of Figure 16; And
Figure 19 shows the fuel supplied with by burner and the air mass flow chart according to the condition of the load variations of burner.
The specific embodiment
Hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings burner according to the present invention and the method for using burner are described.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1,2,3 and 4 each all shown according to the present invention the cross sectional view of burner embodiment.Burner has three groups of tubular constructions being made up of primary nozzle 4, secondary nozzle 8 and three nozzles 9.Primary air and coal dust flow from the primary nozzle shown in the arrow 11 4.In the present embodiment, shown the situation of fuel shown in the coal dust conduct, yet, use the situation of oil, natural gas etc. also identical with above-mentioned situation.Primary nozzle 4 is that tubulose and its cross section are circle or square.Partition wall is arranged between secondary nozzle 8 and three nozzles 9, and partition wall is made up of fixation wall 1 and moving end-wall 2.Guide thimble 3 is arranged on the end parts of moving end-wall 2.Guide thimble 3 plays and changes the effect that tertiary air outwards flows.Auxiliary air flows from the secondary nozzle shown in the arrow 12 8.In addition, tertiary air flows from three nozzles shown in the arrow 13 9.Moving end-wall 2 14 is connected to motion control bar 5 in the coupling part, and the handle 33 that is used to operate is arranged on the outside of the wall 28 of bellows.
By moving forward and backward moving end-wall 2 and the guide thimble 3 that is arranged on its end, that is to say, move in the direction that is parallel to the burner axle, flow and flow velocity, the flow of auxiliary air and the ratio of flow velocity and tertiary air flow and secondary air flow of tertiary air can be changed, thereby burning condition can be controlled.So just the ratio with the momentum of momentum that changes tertiary air and auxiliary air is identical.In the present invention, constant by the spray angle that keeps tertiary air, and change the exit area that is used for tertiary air, can change the flow and the flow velocity of tertiary air.By guide tertiary air outside always, the size that is formed at the mobile circulation in stabilizer 10 and guide thimble 3 downstreams can be very big, so that can keep burning condition fine always.The momentum of tertiary air is the principal element that is used for determining flame size and mobile circulation size.The flow of tertiary air is the principal element that is used for determining the reduced zone size.Because the momentum and the flow of tertiary air can be controlled separately, so, can make burning condition be suitable for improving flame holding and reduce NOx.In addition, can change the momentum of tertiary air and the flow of auxiliary air separately, thereby make auxiliary air can be used for other purpose,, supply to the air of flowing fuel in primary nozzle etc. as cooling stabilizer 10.
Fig. 3 has shown the III-III cross section of Fig. 1.Fig. 4 has shown the IV-IV cross section of Fig. 1.Roller 23 is fixed as so that moving end-wall 2 smoothly moves.In this embodiment, be provided with four (4) individual motion control bar 5, it is suitable for the parallel motion of moving end-wall 2 relative combustion device axles.Roller 23 is fixed on the fixation wall 1, but it also can be fixed on the moving end-wall 2.
Moving end-wall 2 has when the flow of the tertiary air possibility that hour its temperature raises.Can bear the temperature of heat when high when the temperature of part is elevated to than being subjected to heating member, be easy to occur because burning damages or distortion.So, preferably use high heat-resisting material for moving end-wall 2.
The control method of burner when the test operation of burner at first will be described hereinafter.After directly being installed to burner on the boiler, in some cases, the flow that can not flow and estimate.This reason is to consider the specification error of the foozle of burner, the asymmetry of upstream excretory duct, the adjuster that is installed to burner and damper etc.In addition, in some cases, must be according to the flow that is used for the fuel deviation setting air of each burner.Therefore, by air regulator 7, the 3rd damper 35, inferior damper 34 and the moving end-wall 2 of regulating three nozzles 9, set the burning condition of the metal temperature be suitable for reducing NOx, CO, unburned fuel, coal smoke, burn into and burner part.Hereinafter, will the embodiment of control method be described.
Embodiment 1 carries out following operation to improve the stability of flame under the situation of the less stable of flame.
(1.1) under the very little situation of the momentum of tertiary air: moving end-wall 2 moves to close side or the left side among Fig. 1, so that the area of the flow path of three nozzles narrows down.With this understanding, it is big that the pressure loss of tertiary air becomes, thereby the flow of tertiary air is descended, and the flow of auxiliary air increases.In order not change these flows, open the air regulator 7 or the 3rd damper 35 of three nozzles 9, or close flowing of time damper 34 prevention auxiliary airs.By increasing the momentum of tertiary air, the circulation zone in stabilizer 10 downstreams becomes big, and the stability of flame raises.
(1.2) under the very little situation of the momentum of auxiliary air: when the flow of auxiliary air can increase, preferably close the air regulator 7 of three nozzles 9, so that eddy current strengthens, or moves to close side with moving end-wall 2, so that the flow velocity of tertiary air raises.The flow of auxiliary air and the increase of momentum make the circulation zone in stabilizer 10 downstreams increase and improve the stability of flame.Yet opposite with certain situation when auxiliary air increases when too many, circulation reduces.Optimal flow rate depends on auxiliary air.In Fig. 2,, can expand the minimum flow path area between stabilizer 10 and the guide thimble 3 by mobile moving end-wall 2.Therefore, the slack-off possibility of injection flow velocity that makes auxiliary air is arranged.When flow velocity was slack-off, the cooling effect of stabilizer 10 descended, thereby it is long to make stabilizer 10 be preferably in the moving direction of moving end-wall 2, even and moving end-wall 2 move also and can not change the minimum flow path area.
(2.1) owing to making the flame holding height reduce the concentration of NOx, so set the stability that is used to increase flame.
(2.2) though under the fully stable situation of flame, ideal situation also needs further to reduce the concentration of NOx, and effective ways are to postpone Air mixing.In order to postpone Air mixing, effective ways are the flows that reduce the flow of auxiliary air and increase tertiary air.In order to realize this operation, consider to close time damper 34, or mobile moving end-wall 2 is so that open the tertiary air outlet.In addition, also can realize by the momentum that increases tertiary air.Air regulator 7 that the delay that air mixes can also be by closing three nozzles 9 and the whirlpool that makes tertiary air strengthen to be realized.In the case, need close time damper 34, so that do not reduce the flow of tertiary air.
(3.1) if flame instability might cause the many situations of unburned fuel.Therefore, it is very effective to be similar to the setting that is used to improve flame holding.
(3.2) though under the fully stable situation of flame, ideal situation also needs further to reduce unburned fuel, and effective ways are to increase auxiliary air.In the case, when inferior damper 34 is opened, might reduce the momentum of tertiary air, reduce the stability of flame simultaneously.Therefore, effective ways are to increase the flow velocity of tertiary air by moving end-wall 2 being moved to close side, or by the air regulator 7 of closing three nozzles 9 whirlpool are strengthened.
(3.3) in order to reduce unburned fuel, effective ways are the air ratios that improve burner.Increase the flow of air by the air ratio that improves burner, the mixing of air and fuel becomes better, but that the concentration of NOx also becomes is higher.In order to reduce the concentration of NOx, can use the method for explanation among the embodiment 2.
(4.1) in lacking of panel area air the higher and corrosion rate of the concentration of reducing gas is raise.For supply air to plate around, effective ways are the flows that increase tertiary air.Therefore, effective ways are to open moving end-wall 2, so that the flow of tertiary air is widened and increased to the flow path area of three nozzles 9.In addition, for make by the momentum that increases tertiary air air reach plate around, can close time damper 34.
(4.2) owing to can make the bad stability of flame and reduce reducing gas, so, can carry out the reverse operating that carries out among the embodiment 1.
(4.3) same, by increasing air capacity, can reduce reducing gas and reduce corrosion near the burner of the plate that is easy to corrode.Therefore, effective ways are to regulate the distribution of air by the damper of regulating moving end-wall 2, adjuster and being used for each burner, thus the operating condition that operating condition is become be preferably used in the burner pressure loss of the air capacity that will increase to reduce.
(5.1) change when big when the kind of fuel, the degree of grinding of unstable material and amount change in the fuel, for the stability that keeps flame and reduce NOx, need change the unlatching of damper better, the setting of the position of moving end-wall 2 and air regulator 7.Under the situation of flammability fuel, the possibility that reduces flame holding is arranged from the good flammability change of fuel to difference.In the case, preferably carry out this operation so that the stability of flame improves.
(5.2) differ from combustible fuel and have the very big possibility that the concentration of NOx uprises, thereby should carry out the operation that this reduces NOx better.
(6.1) ashes fusing and being deposited under the situation around the burner in the good stability of flame and fuel, move forward moving end-wall 2 (near the opposite side of side) and be used for the exit area of tertiary air, reduce the flow velocity of tertiary air and reduce the stability of flame with increase.By operation in this way, reduce ignition temperature, thereby reduce the deposition of ashes.Simultaneously, also increase auxiliary air, reduced stabilizer 10 temperature on every side, and prevented the fusing of ashes.
(6.2) ashes in fusing deposit under the situation on the boiler wall, preferably supply air to wall around.Therefore, preferably operate in case by moving end-wall 2 is moved to close side supply air to wall around, to change the outside injection direction of tertiary air.
When the temperature of stabilizer 10 was high, effective ways were that the flow velocity of auxiliary air is raise.In order to increase the flow velocity of auxiliary air, close the 3rd damper 35 and air regulator 7.In the case, have momentum that reduces tertiary air and the possibility that reduces flame holding.Therefore, moving end-wall 2 moves to close side, rather than closes the 3rd damper 35 and air regulator 7.Therefore, keep the stability of flame and the temperature of reduction stabilizer to realize.
The load of boiler is not always 100%, but changes according to the requirement of power.If it can carry out under very low load, then the operating efficiency of boiler increases.Common burner design is so that performance is best when 100% load.When load is low, enter fuel the stove and each flow of air reduces from burner, so that have the possibility that the stability of its momentum imbalance and flame reduces.For example, when the momentum of tertiary air reduced, effective means was to increase momentum by moving end-wall 2 being moved to close side.This operation is identical with the method that increases flame holding described in the embodiment 1.Yet in some cases, when increasing flame stable under low load, flammability is in the high capacity lower variation.Even preferably be set under high capacity the also scope of variation not of flammability.
Fig. 5 is the cross sectional view that shows burner one embodiment according to the present invention.Present embodiment 2 is that with the difference of embodiment 1 being provided with the mobile of electric case 6 and moving end-wall 2 is that electricity drives.In addition, in Fig. 5, though electric case 6 is installed in the bellows, it also can be installed to outside the bellows.In addition, air regulator 15 is arranged in the secondary nozzle 8.Can be by air regulator 15 and 34 combinations of time damper be controlled flow velocity and whirlpool power.
The advantage that drives moving end-walls 2 by motor 6 is that the algorithm that moving end-wall 2 is regulated according to the burning described in the embodiment 1 controls, and can keep best burning condition always.As others, will be described below, can provide suitable operating condition by changing flow condition.
In some cases, burner is not worked, and does not provide fuel.With this understanding, have idle burner and be subjected to possibility, the temperature of guide thimble 3, stabilizer 10 etc. is raise from the heating of the radiant heat of other burner.For the anti-appearance of phenomenon here,, also need to supply air to burner even boiler is not worked.When the air mass flow that supplies to idle burner was big, the regulated quantity of air diminished.Therefore, need to reduce the air mass flow that supplies to idle burner.When under the fixing condition of moving end-wall 2 flow being reduced, the flow velocity of tertiary air and auxiliary air reduces, and cooled guide sleeve pipe 3 and stabilizer 10 fully.
In the present invention, under the idle condition of burner, burner becomes condition shown in Figure 6.That is to say that moving end-wall 2 moves to close side, the spout part area of tertiary air is close to zero.Owing to become big at the flow velocity of guide thimble 3 ends, so, promptly use a spot of tertiary air also can cooled guide sleeve pipe 3.In addition, by increasing the flow of auxiliary air, can increase the flow velocity of auxiliary air and effectively cool off stabilizer 10.Because the flow of auxiliary air is less than the flow of tertiary air, so, even increase auxiliary air, also can reduce the whole flow of air.
In the above-described embodiment, three nozzles are provided with air regulator 7.Yet, this air regulator 7 also can be set form nozzle three times.Because in the present invention, by axially the moving forward and backward moving end-wall 2 and can obtain same effect of burner, so air regulator 7 is for being used for by making tertiary air become whirlpool control combustion zone.In addition, the air regulator 15 of secondary nozzle neither be necessary.In the case, do not exist, therefore, do not need time damper 34 because regulate any method of secondary air flow.
The structure that is used for the controller of embodiment 2 is presented at Fig. 7.The signal that controller 101 receives from measure portion, the concurrent number of delivering letters is used for the moveable part of mobile burner 102.For example, signal is the signal of the drive motor 114 of the travel motor 111 that is used to drive moving end-wall, the drive motor 112 of air regulator 7, the drive motor 113 of the 3rd damper, inferior damper, the drive motor 115 of air regulator 15 etc.Controller 101 has the software that is combined in wherein, and its software is used to realize the algorithm described in the embodiment 1.Be installed in measure portion in the burner comprise flame detector 107, be used for the burner metal hygrosensor or thermometer 108, be used for combustion air pressure gauge 109, be used for the flowmeter 110 of burner air etc.Being fixed on measure portion on the boiler 116 comprises the hygrosensor or thermometer 103, ashes deposition sensor 104, the NOx sensor 105 that are used for steam, is used for the unburned fuel sensor 106 of measure CO concentration and solid unburnt ingredient etc.For example, in order to determine the stability of flame, use flame detector 107.In flame detector, the detector that can detect illumination intensity is better.Change to the operating condition that flame holding improves when stability reduces by exposure intensity and with operating condition, can improve the advantageous property of flame holding.NOx sensor 105 is preferably in the downstream that is installed in boiler 116 when reaction finishes.A plurality of NOx sensors preferably are installed and are regulated moving end-wall 2, be used for the adjuster and the damper of each burner, detect the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION of NOx simultaneously.As the installation of NOx sensor, preferably unburned fuel sensor 105 is installed in the downstream of boiler 116.
Fig. 8,9,10 and 11 is the cross sectional view that show another embodiment of burner according to the present invention.In the embodiment of Fig. 8, the hole 16,32 that is used for the tertiary air bypass is formed at the moving end-wall 2 of the partition wall of fixation wall 1 and separation secondary nozzle 8 and three nozzles 9 respectively, tertiary air bypass as shown in arrow 17 is advanced secondary nozzle 8 by three nozzles 9 by these orifice flows.In the case, tertiary air always bypass passes through, and moves to close side and fuel at moving end-wall 2 and supplies with under inoperation condition shown in Figure 8, and tertiary air flows to the secondary nozzle.Adopt this structure, even moved under the situation that close side and auxiliary air dwindled at moving end-wall, air also can supply to secondary nozzle 8 automatically, and can prevent the rising of stabilizer 10 temperature.By being provided for not only hole 16,32 of tertiary air bypass, but a plurality of hole 16,32 can make flow increase.
Fig. 9 has shown that bypass supplies to the embodiment of primary nozzle by the tertiary air of three nozzles 9.In this embodiment, the hole is formed in the tubular wall of primary nozzle 4, and bypass pipe 18 is connected and is arranged at the hole in the fixation wall 1 and is formed between the hole in the primary nozzle.Under the idle situation of burner, nearly all air is not supplied with in primary nozzle, and can not cool off the inboard of stabilizer.Therefore, Fig. 9 has shown that tertiary air is along the supply of primary nozzle wall under the idle condition of burner.
Under the lower situation of the airborne oxygen concentration of transfer the fuel, preferably adopt this structure so that the tertiary air of three nozzles 9 sprays sectional area and become more little along with moving end-wall 2 moves to close side, the flow of bypath air increases manyly more.When using brown coal, owing to fuel is easy to a little catch fire, so fuel is loaded with fuel gas.When the load of burner is higher,,, also can obtain stable burning because the gas temperature in the combustion apparatus is higher even the oxygen concentration of primary air is lower.Yet when load reduced, unless the oxygen concentration of primary air uprises, the gas temperature in the combustion apparatus reduced, and unburned fuel increases and will occur the phenomenon of lift-off.Under the situation of this low load, tertiary air flows in the primary nozzle 4, so that smooth combustion effectively.Though also considered tertiary air always bypass by and flow to this structure of primary nozzle 4, when load is high, promoted burning, and the possibility of blast and deposition uprises, thus preferably adopt the load to become more little, many more structures that the flow of air increases.
Figure 10 has shown that the auxiliary air of bypass supplies to the embodiment of primary nozzle.In this embodiment, the hole is formed at the tube wall place of primary nozzle 4, and air supplies to primary nozzle from the secondary nozzle by bypass pipe 18.Under the idle situation of burner, moving end-wall 2 moves to close side and air regulator 15 cuts out, thereby auxiliary air is supplied with along the wall of primary nozzle.
In addition, with the same mode of the embodiment of Fig. 9 in, when the oxygen concentration of elementary air is low, can be by increasing the flow smooth combustion effectively of bypath air.When needs reduced burning velocity, the pressure of the suction inlet of bypath air reduced.For example, mobile moving end-wall 2 is with the projected area of expansion tertiary air, or unlatching air regulator 15.
Figure 11 has shown that the tertiary air of bypass is used for the embodiment of cooling settings at the coal dust concentrator 20 of primary nozzle 4 inside.Coal dust concentrator 20 forms so that progressively the narrow down flow path of primary nozzle of side downstream, and to the flow path that progressively broadens of further downstream as shown in figure 11, and make the coal powder density on the primary nozzle wall side higher.Under idle condition, the flow of primary air is less, so be difficult to cooling coal dust concentrator 20.Therefore, this structure makes tertiary air flow to coal dust concentrator 20 under idle condition.In Figure 11, be provided with bypass pipe 19, each bypass pipe 19 all is connected and fixed the hole of wall 1 and the hole of primary nozzle 4, and extends to coal dust concentrator 20.The air that is used for cooling off coal dust concentrator 20 sprays into stove from the end of coal dust concentrator 20.
In some cases, coal burner is provided with oil burner, and it forms so that spray from sprayer 31 and helps the oil 21 that burns.Figure 11 has shown this embodiment.By mobile moving end-wall 2, can change at burner core flow air flow with at the ratio of the air mass flow of its flows outside.Thereby can control the appearance of NOx and coal smoke.
Figure 12 has shown the cross sectional view of the burner of another embodiment of the present invention.In this embodiment, electric case 6 is fixed to the outside of the wall 28 of bellows.Auxiliary air and tertiary air are 300 ℃ or higher high temperature, and it comprises ashes in some cases.When electric case 6 was fixed to this position, it may become and go wrong easily, if it goes wrong, this is difficult to its place under repair.In addition, in the present embodiment, fixation wall 1 is made as shorter than the wall among Fig. 5.Owing to adopt this structure, though near the part of moving end-wall 2 ends because temperature distortion, then the part that contact with fixation wall 1 is arranged on the darker inside of burner, so that the possibility of being obstructed of moving diminishes.
In addition, preferably removable wall 2 is provided with retainer 2.Thus, can prevent that moving end-wall 2 is owing to the inefficacy of sensor or analog moves forward too much.Though in Figure 12, do not illustrate, by similar mode, can provide a kind of retainer 2 effectively, thereby it is too many moving end-wall can not to be drawn to described nearside.
In addition, in Figure 12, by on moving end-wall 2 and guide thimble 3, providing cold sink 22 to increase the efficient of cooling.Cold sink 22 also can increase its intensity.
In Figure 12, the hygrosensor 29 of thermometer 29 is respectively fixed on guide thimble 3 and the stabilizer 10.The position of moving end-wall 2 can be controlled based on the value of thermometer.In the case, when the temperature of guide thimble end was higher than limits value, the flow velocity of tertiary air was slower, so that can reduce the operation of auxiliary air flow velocity and rising tertiary air flow velocity.In addition, when the temperature of stabilizer is higher than limits value, can adopt the operating condition of the embodiment 7 of embodiment 1.Under the high situation, can increase the amount of whole air than limits value respectively in the temperature of guide thimble and stabilizer.
Figure 13,14 and 15 has shown XIII-XIII, XIV-XIV along Figure 12 and the cross sectional view of XV-XV respectively, and shows the embodiment of various structures.The structure that Figure 13 to 15 shows not only can be used for the burner of Figure 12, but also can be used for the burner of Fig. 1.Figure 13 has shown that four motion control bars 5 move the embodiment that drives by a motor 25 with power transmission shaft 27 by gear 26.Arrange that like this advantage that has is to reduce the number of motor, and can always keep the displacement of motion control bar 5 to equate.Figure 14 has shown and has not adopted motor shown in Figure 13 25, and the embodiment that motion control bar 5 moves by the rotation of handle 27.Figure 15 has shown the embodiment that adopts four motor 25, and like this, even one of motor 25 is out of joint, bar 5 still can pass through other Motor Drive.
Figure 16,17 and 18 cross sectional view that shown respectively according to another burner embodiment of the present invention.Figure 17 has shown along the cross sectional view of the XVII-XVII of Figure 16.Figure 18 has shown along the cross sectional view of the XVIII-XVIII of Figure 16.Be that with the difference of Fig. 1 burner is not to be made by three groups of pipes, each is all made primary nozzle 4 and secondary nozzle 8 by square tube, and three nozzles 9 are separated into top and lower part and fixing.Equally, in the case, can by with the same mode of embodiment 1 move forward and backward have guide thimble 3 moving end-wall 2 to obtain optimal operation conditions.In the present embodiment, because moving end-wall 2 is separated into top and lower part, so, have it and do not move forward and backward in this way so that the possibility that links.Therefore, as shown in figure 17, can connect moving end-wall 2 by connecting plate 36.In the present embodiment, as shown in figure 18, handle 33 is fixed on four positions, and moving end-wall 2 manually moves, yet, also can be by moving as the one or more motor in the embodiment 2.
Embodiment according to other use of burner of the present invention will be described below.In Figure 19, its abscissa is represented the load of burner.Even the air that is used to cool off also flows when 0% burner load, in the case, in order to cool off stabilizer 10, mobile moving end-wall 2 is so that the outlet of tertiary air becomes the condition near contract fully.For burning burning of coal device, owing to when hanging down load, help burning by oiling, so, coal and oil are provided simultaneously.When it reached the load that burning only just can burn with coal, the flow set of oil was zero.When oil firing, be preferably in the flow that increases air near the core position of fuel feeding, serve as near the condition of closing so that moving end-wall 2 is moved to close side with the outlet that reaches auxiliary air.Air fed flow increases along with the increase of coal flow.Even, also can carry out stable burning, so moving end-wall 2 moves to close side, so that the outlet of auxiliary air increases and make outlet near approximate complete opening because the momentum of auxiliary air is lower.
The present invention makes it can cool burner by controlling best burning condition, reduces NOx simultaneously.The use possibility of burner increases according to the present invention, thereby the possibility of burner thermal failure is reduced.
Claims (19)
1. the burner of a fuel combustion comprises: the primary nozzle that is used to provide fuel and primary air; Be arranged on outside the described primary nozzle, be used for the secondary nozzle of feeding secondary air; Be arranged on described secondary nozzle outward so that contact with the outside of described secondary nozzle, be used to supply with three nozzles of tertiary air, wherein said secondary nozzle and described three nozzles are separated by partition wall, wherein:
Described primary nozzle has the flameholder that is arranged on its downstream,
Described partition wall has mobile the flowing from the axis along burner that is used for tertiary air thereon and changes to the flow path change part that outwards flows and spray described tertiary air, described partition wall is configured to, utilize described flow path to change part, described partition wall can make described three nozzles enter near complete closing state along the moving of axial direction of described burner.
2. according to the burner of the described fuel combustion of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described partition wall has the guide thimble that changes part as described flow path in its end.
3. according to the burner of the described fuel combustion of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described primary nozzle is to constitute so that transmit the nozzle of fuel with primary air wind-force.
4. according to the burner of the described fuel combustion of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described partition wall is provided with bypass mechanism thereon, and when described moving end-wall moved to the precalculated position, it was used to make a part of tertiary air bypass to enter one of described primary nozzle and described secondary nozzle by described three nozzles.
5. according to the burner of the described fuel combustion of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described partition wall is made up of fixation wall and moving end-wall, and described flow path changes part and is arranged on the described moving end-wall.
6. according to the burner of the described fuel combustion of claim 5, it is characterized in that:
Be used for making the hole of tertiary air bypass to be formed at described fixation wall and described moving end-wall respectively.
7. according to the burner of the described fuel combustion of claim 6, it is characterized in that:
Described primary nozzle has the hole that is formed at its outer wall, bypass pipe is arranged between the described hole in the described outer wall that is formed at the described hole in the described fixation wall and is formed at described primary nozzle, so that tertiary air advances in the described primary nozzle by the described orifice flow that is formed in described fixation wall and the described moving end-wall.
8. according to the burner of the described fuel combustion of claim 7, it is characterized in that:
Described bypass pipe has the jet exit of formation, so that the tertiary air that flows to described primary nozzle flows along the inwall of described primary nozzle.
9. according to the burner of the described fuel combustion of claim 7, it is characterized in that:
Described primary nozzle is the nozzle that is used to supply with coal dust, described primary nozzle has the coal dust concentrator that the portion of setting within it is used to make the area of section of flow path to narrow down and concentrates coal dust, described bypass pipe extends to described coal dust concentrator, flows along the surface of described coal dust concentrator so that flow to the tertiary air of described primary nozzle.
10. according to the burner of the described fuel combustion of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Being used for cooling off described flow path changes fin that part and described flow path change the described partition wall of part adjacent domain and is arranged on described flow path and changes part and described flow path and change described partition wall in the part adjacent domain.
11. the burner according to the described fuel combustion of claim 5 is characterized in that:
Described partition wall constitutes so that described moving end-wall slides on described fixation wall, and is used to guide the guide roller of described moving end-wall to be arranged on described fixation wall.
12. the burner according to the described fuel combustion of claim 5 is characterized in that:
Be used to stop the retainer of described moving end-wall to be arranged on one of described at least fixation wall and described moving end-wall.
13. the burner according to the described fuel combustion of claim 1 is characterized in that:
Also be provided with the bellows that are used for feeding secondary air and tertiary air, and the mechanism that is used for moving described partition wall is arranged on the outside of described bellows.
14. the fuel combustion method by burner, wherein said burner comprises: the primary nozzle that is used to supply with fuel and primary air; Be arranged on the secondary nozzle that described primary nozzle is used for feeding secondary air outward; Be arranged on described secondary nozzle outward so that contact with the outside of described secondary nozzle, be used to supply with three nozzles of tertiary air, wherein said secondary nozzle and described three nozzles are separated by partition wall; Be arranged on the flameholder of the downstream of described primary nozzle; And flow path changes part, and it is arranged on and is used for the flowing from the mobile described partition wall that outwards flows that changes to along burner axis of tertiary air, and the axial direction that described partition wall constitutes at burner moves, wherein:
Described partition wall moves according to the variation of load, the temperature of burner axial end portion, the performance of fuel, the concentration of nitrogen oxide, the concentration of unburned fuel and a plurality of conditions of any one conditioned disjunction that the fuel supply stops, and change the flow that part is regulated the tertiary air of supplying with from described three nozzles by described flow path, up to described three nozzles near closing fully.
15. the fuel combustion method by burner according to claim 14 is characterized in that:
When the fuel that supplies to described burner stops, moving described moving end-wall so that the area of section of the tertiary air jet exit of described three nozzles tails off, thereby increase from the flow of the auxiliary air of described auxiliary air nozzle.
16. the fuel combustion method by burner according to claim 14 is characterized in that:
Described method is further comprising the steps of: move described partition wall, so that during passing through burner combustion fuel, when the temperature that changes part when described flow path becomes and is higher than design temperature, the area of section that is used to spray the tertiary air of described three nozzles reduces, and the flow velocity that increases tertiary air.
17. the fuel combustion method by burner according to claim 14 is characterized in that:
The a part of tertiary air that supplies to described three nozzles is supplying to the fuel stopping period of described burner, and the flow path of bypass by described three nozzles is to enter described secondary nozzle.
18. the fuel combustion method by burner according to claim 14 is characterized in that:
The a part of tertiary air that supplies to described three nozzles is supplying to the fuel stopping period of described burner, and bypass is flowed with the inwall along described primary nozzle by the flow path of described three nozzles.
19. an improvement has the method for the boiler of burner, wherein said burner is arranged on the furnace wall and comprises: the primary nozzle that is used to supply with fuel and primary air; It is outer so that around described primary nozzle to be arranged on described primary nozzle, is used for the tubulose secondary nozzle of feeding secondary air; Be arranged on three nozzles of tubulose that described secondary nozzle is used to supply with tertiary air outward; And be fixed on tubulose partition wall between described secondary nozzle and described three nozzles, wherein said method comprises step:
Remove at least one end parts of described partition wall; And
The tubulose partition wall is set, it is arranged to around the position of the removal part of described partition wall, described tubulose partition wall has and is used for flowing of tertiary air flowed from mobile outwards the changing to of burner axis, so that the flow path that moves along the axial direction of burner changes part.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004086006 | 2004-03-24 | ||
| JP2004086006A JP4261401B2 (en) | 2004-03-24 | 2004-03-24 | Burner, fuel combustion method and boiler remodeling method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1673620A CN1673620A (en) | 2005-09-28 |
| CN1321288C true CN1321288C (en) | 2007-06-13 |
Family
ID=34858423
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100093721A Expired - Fee Related CN1321288C (en) | 2004-03-24 | 2005-02-21 | Burner, fuel combustion method and boiler retrofit method |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20050211142A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1580486A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4261401B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20060042080A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1321288C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2005200690B9 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2496644C (en) |
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| CN102333991A (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2012-01-25 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Solid fuel burner and solid fuel boiler |
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| EP0852315A1 (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1998-07-08 | Babcock-Hitachi Kabushiki Kaisha | Combustion burner and combustion device provided with same |
| EP0893649A2 (en) * | 1997-07-24 | 1999-01-27 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Pulverized coal burner |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102333991A (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2012-01-25 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Solid fuel burner and solid fuel boiler |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4261401B2 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
| AU2005200690B2 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
| KR20060042080A (en) | 2006-05-12 |
| CA2496644A1 (en) | 2005-09-24 |
| AU2005200690B9 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
| AU2005200690A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
| US20050211142A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
| CN1673620A (en) | 2005-09-28 |
| EP1580486A1 (en) | 2005-09-28 |
| JP2005273973A (en) | 2005-10-06 |
| CA2496644C (en) | 2009-07-07 |
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