CN1319911C - Soil warming lawn green leaf growth promoter - Google Patents
Soil warming lawn green leaf growth promoter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1319911C CN1319911C CNB011298510A CN01129851A CN1319911C CN 1319911 C CN1319911 C CN 1319911C CN B011298510 A CNB011298510 A CN B011298510A CN 01129851 A CN01129851 A CN 01129851A CN 1319911 C CN1319911 C CN 1319911C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- component
- lawn
- green leaf
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 230000002015 leaf growth Effects 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000007952 growth promoter Substances 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 rare earth chloride Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005985 Paclobutrazol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 241001520823 Zoysia Species 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 abstract description 33
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001863 plant nutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-D Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000001034 Frostbite Diseases 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009889 stress physiology Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010006956 Calcium deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009746 freeze damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BPJYAXCTOHRFDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L tetracopper;2,4,6-trioxido-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriarsinane;diacetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.[O-][As]1O[As]([O-])O[As]([O-])O1.[O-][As]1O[As]([O-])O[As]([O-])O1 BPJYAXCTOHRFDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007279 water homeostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a growth promoter for warm-season lawn virescence, which is applied to gardens and lawns. The present invention is prepared from a component A and a component B, and can make warm-seasom grass green for four seasons after application, which solves the problem of dry yellow for warm-season grass in winter. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of not only keeping warm-season lawns green for four seasons, but also saving a large quantity of fertilizer, water and manpower.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of soil warming lawn green leaf growth promoter and making thereof, using method, be suitable for using on gardens, the lawn.
Background technology:
At present, the warm ground employed soil warming type grass in type lawn (claiming the season type grass again) is owing to have general adaptability, become the main grass seeds of many countries and regions turf plant, particularly ornamental lawn, in China, the soil warming type grass mainly is distributed in the Yangtze valley and the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and also there is plantation in provinces such as Liaoning of northern area.But in more than 20 the soil warming type grass seeds that the whole world is used always, none can accomplish that the four seasons are evergreen in extratropical area, and the annual withered and yellow phase reaches 80～160 days, and in the winter time, the over-ground part of soil warming type grass is almost all withered.In order to solve the problem of soil warming lawn winter wither, people have adopted many methods to attempt to keep the green of level ground grass, for example at first, people with cover sand, covered with plastic film is incubated, but can influence the sight on lawn like this, and use plastics film very inconvenience in management, cost is high again, also pollute the environment unsuitable large-area applications simultaneously; The method of cold ground of also useful after-culture type grass, covering is because of the soil warming type grass of cold flavescence, this need sow the seed of a large amount of cold ground type grass equably and use suff water, fertilizer, allow cold ground type grass grow tall, hide comprehensively withered and yellow soil warming type grass fast, but because the grass seeds of after-culture time and after-culture is widely different with the weather of different areas, make the operation of this method be difficult to control, and workload is big, cost is high; Also have to adopt and pour water more, the method of many fertilisings, for example, Zhou Jiayou etc. proposed in " lawn transitional zone high-quality turf establishment and management comprehensive technical study " (" Practaculture Science " 1998 the 5th phases), the sand of adding about 50% in 20 centimetres of topsoil of level ground bed, base fertilizer is peat 3 cm thicks+every square metre 50 gram of every square metre of 3 kilograms+composite fertilizer of chicken manure, to keep meadow green, and for example XieBing etc. is in " maintenance management on lawn, area, Hainan " proposition (" Practaculture Science " 1996 the 6th phases) in, spring and summer before entering autumn repeatedly apply fertilizer, every square metre 5 gram of each purity nitrogen, every square metre 20 gram of composite fertilizer, use for reference the situation that farm crop are used plant-growth regulator in addition in addition, plant-growth regulator or the like is used on the lawn, but these above-mentioned methods all only can shorten the withered and yellow phase on lawn, can not allow the lawn keep evergreen, can't fundamentally solve the problem of soil warming lawn winter wither.
Summary of the invention:
Purpose of the present invention provides a kind of soil warming lawn green leaf growth promoter, and it can overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
The present invention is achieved in that the present invention is made up of component A and component B, wherein, and (by weight) composed as follows of component A:
60～70 parts of plant ash
25～30 parts in urea
0.8～1.0 part of rare earth chloride
1.5～1.7 parts in sal epsom
0.2～0.3 part in ferrous sulfate
0.5 part of binding agent
1.0～2.0 parts in water
(by weight) composed as follows of component B:
11～13 parts of N
P
2O
54～7 parts
K
24～7 parts of O
1～1.5 part of 15% paclobutrazol
Making method of the present invention is:
Component A:
1, plant ash, urea, rare earth chloride, sal epsom, ferrous sulfate according to the above ratio umber mix, mix thoroughly;
2, use the binding agent and the water of spray method additional proportion umber;
3, with the granulation of gained mixture pelleting machine;
4, with the oven dry under 60 degree Celsius of gained particle, promptly obtain component A, be lined with in packing into then to seal in the woven bag of plastic film and deposit.
Component B:
Carry out with reference to conventional nitrogen phosphorus potassium composite fertilizer production process.
Using method of the present invention is as follows:
1, uses the present invention before the flavescence of level ground grass in the winter time, get 70 gram component A and 30 gram component B, use after converting into water-soluble liquid by every square metre;
2., damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature on the lawn or used the present invention behind the frostbite in three, four days, get 70 gram component A and 30 gram component B by every square metre, use after converting into water-soluble liquid.
The present invention can make the soil warming type grass four seasons evergreen, fundamentally solves the problem of soil warming type grass winter wither, compared with prior art, has and both keeps the soil warming lawn four seasons evergreen, the advantage of saving a large amount of fertilizer, water and manpower again.
Below the invention will be further described.
Embodiment:
The present invention is made up of component A and component B, wherein, and (by weight) composed as follows of component A:
70 parts of plant ash
28 parts in urea
1 part of rare earth chloride
1.5 parts in sal epsom
0.3 part in ferrous sulfate
0.5 part of binding agent
2 parts in water
(by weight) composed as follows of component B:
13 parts of N
P
2O
55 parts
K
27 parts of O
1.5 parts of 15% paclobutrazol
Making method of the present invention is:
Component A:
1, plant ash, urea, rare earth chloride, sal epsom, ferrous sulfate according to the above ratio umber mix, mix thoroughly;
2, use the binding agent and the water of spray method additional proportion umber;
3, with the granulation of gained mixture pelleting machine;
4, with the oven dry under 60 degree Celsius of gained particle, promptly obtain component A, be lined with in packing into then to seal in the woven bag of plastic film and deposit.
Component B:
Carry out with reference to conventional nitrogen phosphorus potassium composite fertilizer production process.
Using method of the present invention is as follows:
1, uses the present invention before the flavescence of level ground grass in the winter time, get 70 gram component A and 30 gram component B, use after converting into water-soluble liquid, can make the lawn keep green in the winter time by every square metre;
2, the lawn damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature or three, four days frostbites after, use the present invention immediately, get 70 gram component A and 30 gram component B by every square metre, use after converting into water-soluble liquid, can make the level ground grass grow new greenery at short notice, make the lawn turn green.
The mechanism of action of the present invention:
1, make the rhizosphere temperature of level ground grass in winter be significantly higher than temperature
The leaf primordium formation speed at low temperatures of grass is extremely slowly, uses the present invention and can make soil temperature improve 2～3 degree Celsius, helps starting the formation of leaf primordium, for growing of young leaves lays the foundation.This is to heat composition plant ash because the present invention contains heat absorption, and it has the effect that heat absorption heated, supplied nutrient and promotes growth, and its effect that improves soil temperature is covered husky mode (latter only can improve soil temperature 1 degree Celsius) apparently higher than employing.
2, improve the winter resistance of level ground grass
Contain cold-resistant material---calcium among the present invention, it can reduce exosmosing of material in the grass roots under the low temperature; It also helps the reparation of lawn freeze injury, even after ice-melt, adds calcium substance on the lawn, and the 80%[that adds the repairing effect of calcium before its repairing effect still can reach and freeze sees He Ruoyun " plant low temperature stress physiology " (Chinese agriculture press, nineteen ninety-five)]; Calcium can also increase plant cell membrane the absorption of potassium and magnesium [is seen Lu Jingling " Plant Nutrition " (first volume) (press of Beijing Agricultural University when improving plant cold resistance, 1994)], and the increase of potassium and magnesium, help chlorophyllous generation and increase photosynthesis, and then help the formation of young leaves.
The nitrogen of the suitable proportion that the present invention contained, phosphorus, potassium have also increased the winter resistance of level ground grass.
3, promote the cell fission of level ground grass
Contained calcium constituent among the present invention still promotes the level ground grass necessary important substance of cell fission [seeing Lu Jingling " Plant Nutrition " (first volume) (press of Beijing Agricultural University, 1994)].Because the level ground grass has grown a lot of blades in spring and summer, absorbed calcium a large amount of in the soil, during to winter, the concentration of calcium obviously descends in the soil, and at this moment the leaf that the level ground grass grew in spring and summer has been Lao Ye, although accumulated calcium, can not export use effectively, therefore, if supplementing calcium element in the winter time not, the young leaves of level ground grass or the tip of a root will can not carry out cell fission because of calcium deficiency, thereby are difficult to form leaf primordium or its vegetative point death [is seen He Ruoyun " plant low temperature stress physiology " (Chinese agriculture press, nineteen ninety-five) and Lu Jingling " Plant Nutrition " (first volume) (press of Beijing Agricultural University, 1994)].
4, remove the water stress of level ground grass, help the elongation growth of young leaves
The elongation growth of level ground blade of grass sheet is the most responsive to water stress, moisture in the soil reduces to a certain degree, and blade extends speed will reduce to zero or approaching zero [seeing Li De congruence " soil moisture stress is to the osmoregulation of wheat leaf blade and the influence of elongation growth " " Botany Gazette " 1992 the 2nd phases].Contained rare earth chloride, plant ash, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be removed the water stress of level ground grass among the present invention, helps the elongation growth of young leaves.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011298510A CN1319911C (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2001-11-02 | Soil warming lawn green leaf growth promoter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011298510A CN1319911C (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2001-11-02 | Soil warming lawn green leaf growth promoter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1417171A CN1417171A (en) | 2003-05-14 |
| CN1319911C true CN1319911C (en) | 2007-06-06 |
Family
ID=4669504
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011298510A Expired - Fee Related CN1319911C (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2001-11-02 | Soil warming lawn green leaf growth promoter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1319911C (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101891552B (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2013-04-24 | 广东省农业科学院科技情报研究所 | Fertilizer for prolonging green period of lawn grass and preparation method thereof |
| CN102653490B (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2015-07-08 | 天津绿动植物营养技术开发有限公司 | Green Lawnger |
| CN102653489B (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2014-10-15 | 天津绿动植物营养技术开发有限公司 | Lawn stain |
| CN102742463A (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2012-10-24 | 苏州风采信息技术有限公司 | Plant growth regulating agent |
| CN108812088A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-11-16 | 浙江师范大学 | A kind of maintenance process on garden landscape lawn |
| CN111004058A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-14 | 杭州丰筑农业科技有限公司 | Phyllostachys praecox inorganic fertilizer and application method thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1067235A (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1992-12-23 | 天津市津南化肥实验厂 | lawn fertilizer and production technique thereof |
| CN1153760A (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1997-07-09 | 唐国斌 | Special compound fertilizer for lawn and preparation method thereof |
| EP0823411A1 (en) * | 1996-08-09 | 1998-02-11 | DanGödning A/S | Aqueous composition, method of producing the same and use of composition as anti-mass lawn fertilizer |
| CN1279228A (en) * | 2000-07-05 | 2001-01-10 | 夏宁 | Fertilizer for elongating green period of lawn |
-
2001
- 2001-11-02 CN CNB011298510A patent/CN1319911C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1067235A (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1992-12-23 | 天津市津南化肥实验厂 | lawn fertilizer and production technique thereof |
| CN1153760A (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1997-07-09 | 唐国斌 | Special compound fertilizer for lawn and preparation method thereof |
| EP0823411A1 (en) * | 1996-08-09 | 1998-02-11 | DanGödning A/S | Aqueous composition, method of producing the same and use of composition as anti-mass lawn fertilizer |
| CN1279228A (en) * | 2000-07-05 | 2001-01-10 | 夏宁 | Fertilizer for elongating green period of lawn |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1417171A (en) | 2003-05-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104387136B (en) | Method for producing organic fertilizer from municipal dry branch/fallen leaf waste and application thereof | |
| CN103641598B (en) | Podocarpus macrophyllus cultivation medium and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102986513A (en) | Soilless culture substrate for fruits and vegetables | |
| CN103265385A (en) | Liquid film prepared from crop straw fermentation liquid and application method thereof | |
| CN1810084A (en) | Multifunctional plant growth bag for slop ecological protection and its technological scheme | |
| CN1449651A (en) | Gardening and afforestation cultivation medium and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105659977B (en) | A kind of environmental and ecological plant-growth carpet using municipal sludge | |
| CN103467214A (en) | Biological compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN1179881A (en) | Economic forest root-base water-saving cultivation series technique | |
| WO2003103370A1 (en) | A zero-tillage method to greening a desert area and a nutrient substrate layer used in the method | |
| CN107011100A (en) | A kind of blueberry plantation soil conditioner and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103229706A (en) | Organic matrix for culturing tobacco seedlings | |
| CN105027728A (en) | Method for fixing carbon and reducing emission in south paddy fields in winter | |
| CN102127455A (en) | Method for improving sandy soil | |
| CN108409486A (en) | A kind of composite biological fertilizer suitable for slope collapse erosion land soil | |
| CN1375483A (en) | Composite material with plant nourishing effect and its prepn. | |
| CN108243903A (en) | A kind of cultivation matrix of vertical greening plants and preparation method thereof | |
| CN1319911C (en) | Soil warming lawn green leaf growth promoter | |
| CN2928950Y (en) | Sand fixing greening brick containing water retaining agent | |
| CN110506568B (en) | A method for improving saline-alkali soil by using mushroom residue | |
| CN1613819A (en) | Farm nanure planting bricks and production thereof | |
| CN104276902A (en) | Lightweight greening matrix and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106718009A (en) | A kind of method of the ecological improvement of carpet sod production Features of Soil Structure of Degraded Soil | |
| CN106892736A (en) | A kind of lawn growth agent and preparation method thereof, application method | |
| CN102863269B (en) | Strawberry soilless culture medium preparation technique |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C57 | Notification of unclear or unknown address | ||
| DD01 | Delivery of document by public notice |
Addressee: Liang Guangjian Document name: Deemed as a notice of withdrawal |
|
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |