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CN1313784C - Solar energy composite energy system based on solid adsorption refrigerator - Google Patents

Solar energy composite energy system based on solid adsorption refrigerator Download PDF

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CN1313784C
CN1313784C CNB2005100282174A CN200510028217A CN1313784C CN 1313784 C CN1313784 C CN 1313784C CN B2005100282174 A CNB2005100282174 A CN B2005100282174A CN 200510028217 A CN200510028217 A CN 200510028217A CN 1313784 C CN1313784 C CN 1313784C
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solar
hot water
temperature
floor heating
solar energy
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CN1719158A (en
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王如竹
翟晓强
代彦军
吴静怡
许煜雄
马强
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

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Abstract

一种节能领域的基于固体吸附制冷机的太阳能复合能量系统,包括:太阳能集热系统、太阳能热水供应系统、太阳能地板采暖系统、太阳能空调系统、太阳能强化自然通风系统及控制系统。太阳能集热系统和太阳能热水供应、地板采暖、空调、强化自然通风系统以蓄热水箱为中介通过管道连接起来,控制系统以工控机为核心部件,利用温度传感器的采集信号,实现对太阳能集热系统以及太阳能热水供应、地板采暖、空调、强化自然通风系统的控制。本发明集生活热水供应、地板采暖、空调、强化自然通风四项功能于一体,提高太阳能热利用系统的设备利用率,提高系统的太阳能利用率,可极大地促进太阳能建筑一体化进程,具有极大的经济和社会价值。

A solar composite energy system based on a solid adsorption refrigerator in the field of energy saving, including: a solar heat collection system, a solar hot water supply system, a solar floor heating system, a solar air conditioning system, a solar enhanced natural ventilation system and a control system. The solar heat collection system and solar hot water supply, floor heating, air conditioning, and enhanced natural ventilation system are connected through pipelines through the intermediary of the heat storage tank. Thermal collection system and control of solar hot water supply, underfloor heating, air conditioning, enhanced natural ventilation. The invention integrates the four functions of domestic hot water supply, floor heating, air conditioning, and enhanced natural ventilation, improves the equipment utilization rate of the solar thermal utilization system, improves the solar energy utilization rate of the system, and can greatly promote the process of solar building integration. Great economic and social value.

Description

基于固体吸附制冷机的太阳能复合能量系统Solar Composite Energy System Based on Solid Adsorption Refrigerator

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及的是一种制冷技术领域的系统,特别是一种基于固体吸附制冷机的太阳能复合能量系统。The invention relates to a system in the technical field of refrigeration, in particular to a solar composite energy system based on a solid adsorption refrigerator.

背景技术Background technique

能源问题是人类发展面临的一个重大问题,能源和环境的协调发展成为趋势。我国建筑能耗的比例已经从1978年的10%,上升到27.45%,其中采暖和空调的能耗占建筑总能耗的55%。在建筑中充分利用太阳能这种绿色的清洁能源,对减少建筑能耗、减少环境污染、改善能源结构具有重要的意义,同时为提高我国可持续发展能力提供了资源保证。当太阳辐射强、气温高的时候,人们更需要的是空调降温而不是热水,这种情况在我国南方地区尤为突出。因此,将太阳能热水系统进行拓展,开发出集热水供应、采暖、空调于一体的太阳能复合能量系统具有重要的意义。太阳能热水以及地板采暖技术较为成熟,太阳能空调制冷尚未在产业化突破,一般都采用溴化锂吸收式制冷机,目前的热水型(单级)吸收式制冷机要求的热源温度在88~90℃以上,这对太阳能集热器的要求比较高。与市场上普遍使用的太阳能热水器不能很好地接轨。在高温下运行太阳能的有效时间很短,一天当中只有太阳辐射很强的时候才能达到温度要求,同时太阳能集热器的热效率也会降低。此外,系统投资费用高,并且由于溴化锂吸收式制冷机本身的容量限制(目前容量最小的溴化锂吸收式制冷机的制冷量也在70kW以上),没有实用于家庭的小容量机组,基于溴化锂吸收式制冷机的太阳能空调系统难以小型化(容量低至10kW以下),无法直接应用于广大家庭的空调制冷市场。总之,造价高以及太阳能集热器的非通用性影响了太阳能吸收式空调的推广应用。The energy issue is a major issue facing human development, and the coordinated development of energy and the environment has become a trend. The proportion of my country's building energy consumption has risen from 10% in 1978 to 27.45%, of which heating and air conditioning energy consumption accounted for 55% of the total building energy consumption. Making full use of solar energy, a green and clean energy in buildings, is of great significance to reducing building energy consumption, reducing environmental pollution, and improving energy structure, and at the same time provides a resource guarantee for improving my country's sustainable development capabilities. When the solar radiation is strong and the temperature is high, people need air conditioners to cool down rather than hot water. This situation is particularly prominent in southern my country. Therefore, it is of great significance to expand the solar water heating system and develop a solar composite energy system integrating hot water supply, heating and air conditioning. Solar water heating and floor heating technologies are relatively mature, and solar air-conditioning refrigeration has not yet made a breakthrough in industrialization. Generally, lithium bromide absorption chillers are used. The current hot water type (single-stage) absorption chillers require a heat source temperature of 88-90°C Above, the requirements for solar collectors are relatively high. It cannot be well connected with the solar water heaters generally used in the market. The effective time of running solar energy at high temperature is very short, and the temperature requirement can only be reached when the solar radiation is strong in a day, and the thermal efficiency of the solar collector will also be reduced. In addition, the system investment cost is high, and due to the capacity limitation of the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator itself (the cooling capacity of the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator with the smallest capacity is also above 70kW), there is no small-capacity unit practical for households, based on the lithium bromide absorption refrigerator The solar air-conditioning system of the refrigerator is difficult to miniaturize (capacity is as low as 10kW or less), and cannot be directly applied to the air-conditioning and refrigeration market of a large number of households. In short, the high cost and the non-universality of solar collectors have affected the popularization and application of solar absorption air conditioners.

经对现有技术的文献检索发现,中国发明专利名称为:太阳能中高温集热吸收式空调系统,申请号为:01251735,该专利公开了一种太阳能中高温集热吸收式空调系统。包括太阳能中高温集热装置及辅助锅炉,储热水箱中的热水夏季用于驱动吸收式制冷机组,冬季为空调器提供采暖用热水,四季供应生活热水。该专利主要针对于吸收式制冷机组而言的,没有涉及高效吸附式制冷技术在太阳能空调中的应用,另外也没有包括太阳能强化自然通风技术以及太阳能地板采暖技术。After searching the literature of the prior art, it is found that the Chinese invention patent name is: solar energy medium and high temperature heat collection absorption type air conditioning system, and the application number is: 01251735, which discloses a kind of solar energy medium and high temperature heat collection absorption type air conditioning system. Including solar medium and high temperature heat collection devices and auxiliary boilers. The hot water in the hot water storage tank is used to drive the absorption refrigeration unit in summer, to provide heating water for air conditioners in winter, and to supply domestic hot water in four seasons. This patent is mainly aimed at absorption refrigeration units, and does not involve the application of high-efficiency adsorption refrigeration technology in solar air conditioning, nor does it include solar enhanced natural ventilation technology and solar floor heating technology.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明目的是针对现有太阳能热利用系统的不足,提出一种基于固体吸附制冷机的太阳能复合能量系统,使其解决上述的不足,集太阳能热水供应、空调、地板采暖、自然通风功能为一体,相对于常规太阳能热利用系统,本发明具有功能齐全、太阳能利用率高、地域适应性广等突出特点,符合当前太阳能热利用系统与建筑一体化的发展趋势。The object of the invention is to address the deficiencies of the existing solar heat utilization system, and propose a solar composite energy system based on solid adsorption refrigerators, so that it can solve the above deficiencies, and the functions of solar hot water supply, air conditioning, floor heating and natural ventilation are Integrated, compared with conventional solar thermal utilization systems, the present invention has outstanding features such as complete functions, high solar energy utilization rate, and wide regional adaptability, and conforms to the current development trend of solar thermal utilization systems and building integration.

本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的,本发明包括:太阳能集热系统、太阳能热水供应系统、太阳能地板采暖系统、太阳能空调系统、太阳能强化自然通风系统、控制系统、热水循环泵、分水缸以及集水缸。其连接方式为:太阳能集热系统和太阳能热水供应系统、太阳能地板采暖系统、太阳能空调系统、太阳能强化自然通风系统通过管道并联在分水缸以及集水缸之间,其中热水循环泵为太阳能热水供应系统、太阳能地板采暖系统、太阳能空调系统、太阳能强化自然通风系统的公用部件。The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, the present invention includes: solar heat collection system, solar hot water supply system, solar floor heating system, solar air conditioning system, solar enhanced natural ventilation system, control system, hot water circulation pump, water separation Cylinders and collection tanks. Its connection method is: solar heat collection system and solar hot water supply system, solar floor heating system, solar air conditioning system, solar enhanced natural ventilation system are connected in parallel between the water separation tank and the water collection tank through pipelines, and the hot water circulation pump is Common parts of solar hot water supply system, solar floor heating system, solar air conditioning system, solar enhanced natural ventilation system.

太阳能集热系统包括:太阳能集热器阵列、集热循环泵以及蓄热水箱,三者通过管道连接在一起。以集热循环泵为动力,将蓄热水箱下部的水送入太阳能集热器阵列,加热后流回到蓄热水箱上部。为了提高集热效率,蓄热水箱可以采用分层水箱。The solar heat collection system includes: a solar heat collector array, a heat collection circulation pump, and a heat storage tank, and the three are connected together through pipes. Driven by the heat collecting circulation pump, the water in the lower part of the heat storage tank is sent to the solar collector array, and after heating, it flows back to the upper part of the heat storage tank. In order to improve the heat collection efficiency, the heat storage tank can use layered water tanks.

太阳能地板采暖系统、太阳能空调系统以及太阳能强化自然通风系统通过管道上的阀门进行季节性切换控制,分别在夏季、冬季、过渡季运行。太阳能热水供应系统全年运行,分水缸和集水缸通过管道再和蓄热水箱连接。The solar floor heating system, the solar air conditioning system and the solar enhanced natural ventilation system are switched and controlled seasonally through valves on the pipes, operating in summer, winter and transitional seasons respectively. The solar hot water supply system operates throughout the year, and the water distribution tank and water collection tank are connected to the heat storage tank through pipes.

太阳能空调系统包括高效吸附制冷机、空调末端风机盘管、冷却塔、冷却水循环泵、冷冻水循环泵。高效吸附制冷机与空调末端风机盘管通过冷冻水循环泵以及管道连接;高效吸附制冷机与冷却塔通过冷却水循环泵以及管道连接;高效吸附制冷机与蓄热水箱通过热水循环泵以及管道连接。The solar air-conditioning system includes high-efficiency adsorption refrigerators, air-conditioning terminal fan coils, cooling towers, cooling water circulation pumps, and chilled water circulation pumps. The high-efficiency adsorption refrigerator is connected to the fan coil at the end of the air conditioner through a chilled water circulation pump and pipelines; the high-efficiency adsorption refrigerator is connected to the cooling tower through a cooling water circulation pump and pipelines; the high-efficiency adsorption refrigerator is connected to the hot water storage tank through a hot water circulation pump and pipelines .

其中,太阳能空调系统的核心部件-高效吸附制冷机是由两个单床系统复合而成的双床连续制冷系统,整个制冷机组由三个真空腔组成,左右为两个由吸附床、冷凝器和蒸发器组成的吸附/解吸工作腔,底部为热管隔离蒸发器的工作腔。左右两个吸附床交替进行加热解吸和冷却吸附过程,从而实现连续制冷。高效吸附制冷机由吸附床、冷凝器、蒸发器组成。两套吸附床、冷凝器和蒸发器分别设置在两个绝热保温腔体中,底部为热管隔离蒸发器的工作腔。冷却水通过管道在两个冷凝器中直通,而后可通过电动阀的切换分别进入两个吸附床;热水可通过电动阀切换分别进入两个吸附床;冷冻水在热管隔离蒸发器中循环流动,从而实现制冷。吸附式制冷机采用两床连续吸附式制冷循环,使用硅胶-水作为吸附工质对。Among them, the high-efficiency adsorption refrigerator, the core component of the solar air-conditioning system, is a double-bed continuous refrigeration system composed of two single-bed systems. The entire refrigeration unit is composed of three vacuum chambers. The adsorption/desorption working chamber composed of the evaporator and the bottom is a heat pipe to isolate the working chamber of the evaporator. The two adsorption beds on the left and right alternately carry out the process of heating desorption and cooling adsorption, so as to realize continuous refrigeration. High-efficiency adsorption refrigerator is composed of adsorption bed, condenser and evaporator. Two sets of adsorption beds, a condenser and an evaporator are respectively arranged in two heat-insulating and heat-preserving cavities, and the bottom is a heat pipe to isolate the working cavity of the evaporator. The cooling water passes directly through the two condensers through the pipeline, and then can enter the two adsorption beds respectively through the switching of the electric valve; the hot water can enter the two adsorption beds respectively through the switching of the electric valve; the chilled water circulates in the heat pipe isolation evaporator , so as to achieve refrigeration. The adsorption refrigerator adopts a two-bed continuous adsorption refrigeration cycle, using silica gel-water as the adsorption working medium pair.

太阳能地板采暖系统设有地板采暖盘管。蓄热水箱与地板采暖盘管通过热水循环泵以及管道连接在一起。太阳能地板采暖系统还设有温控阀,连接到控制系统,根据室温自动调节地板采暖盘管的流量。蓄热水箱上部的太阳能热水首先送入地板采暖盘管,地板采暖回水回到蓄热水箱下部。The solar underfloor heating system features underfloor heating coils. The hot water storage tank is connected to the floor heating coil through a hot water circulation pump and pipelines. The solar underfloor heating system also has a thermostatic valve, which is connected to the control system and automatically adjusts the flow of the underfloor heating coil according to the room temperature. The solar hot water in the upper part of the heat storage tank is first sent to the floor heating coil, and the return water of the floor heating returns to the lower part of the heat storage tank.

太阳能强化自然通风系统设有翅片管式换热器。翅片管式换热器固定在屋面通风结构的风道中。翅片管式换热器与蓄热水箱通过热水循环泵以及管道连接在一起。将太阳能热水由蓄热水箱上部送入翅片管式换热器,通过翅片管式换热器与屋面通风结构中空气之间自然对流换热,加热空气,从而诱导热压作用下的自然通风。翅片管式换热器的回水同样回到蓄热水箱下部。The solar enhanced natural ventilation system features finned tube heat exchangers. The finned tube heat exchanger is fixed in the air duct of the roof ventilation structure. The finned tube heat exchanger and the heat storage tank are connected together through a hot water circulation pump and pipelines. The solar hot water is sent from the upper part of the heat storage tank to the finned tube heat exchanger, through the natural convection heat exchange between the finned tube heat exchanger and the air in the roof ventilation structure, the air is heated, thereby inducing heat pressure of natural ventilation. The return water of the finned tube heat exchanger also returns to the lower part of the heat storage tank.

太阳能热水供应系统设有生活热水换热器。生活热水换热器与热水循环泵之间通过管道连接在一起。采用二次换热方式提供生活热水,以保证水质清洁。The solar hot water supply system is equipped with a domestic hot water heat exchanger. The domestic hot water heat exchanger and the hot water circulation pump are connected together through pipelines. Secondary heat exchange is used to provide domestic hot water to ensure clean water quality.

控制系统的核心部件是工控机,包括:参数采样系统、集热系统温差启停控制系统和太阳能热水供应、地板采暖、空调、强化自然通风系统的变工况控制系统。参数采样系统通过传感器分别和集热系统温差启停控制系统与变工况控制系统连接在一起。The core component of the control system is the industrial computer, including: parameter sampling system, temperature difference start-stop control system of the heat collection system, variable working condition control system for solar hot water supply, floor heating, air conditioning, and enhanced natural ventilation system. The parameter sampling system is connected with the temperature difference start-stop control system of the heat collection system and the variable working condition control system through sensors.

集热系统温差启停控制系统通过判断设置在太阳能集热器出口的温度传感器以及蓄热水箱下部的温度传感器显示值之差控制集热泵的启停。The temperature difference start and stop control system of the heat collection system controls the start and stop of the heat collector pump by judging the difference between the temperature sensor installed at the outlet of the solar collector and the temperature sensor at the bottom of the heat storage tank.

参数采样系统由太阳能集热系统供回水温度和流量采样系统、太阳能空调用热水、冷却水、冷冻水供回水温度和流量采样系统、太阳能地板采暖用热水供回水温度和流量采样系统、太阳能强化自然通风用热水供回水温度和流量采样系统、生活热水换热器进出口温度和流量采样系统以及环境温度、太阳辐射强度采样系统组成。各采样系统将温度、流量、太阳辐射强度等信号上传到工控机,工控机通过程序控制电动执行机构以及水泵、冷却塔等的运行。The parameter sampling system consists of the temperature and flow sampling system of the solar heat collection system supply and return water, the temperature and flow sampling system of the solar air-conditioning hot water, cooling water, and chilled water supply and return water, and the temperature and flow sampling of the hot water supply and return water for solar floor heating System, solar enhanced natural ventilation hot water supply and return water temperature and flow sampling system, domestic hot water heat exchanger inlet and outlet temperature and flow sampling system, ambient temperature, and solar radiation intensity sampling system. Each sampling system uploads signals such as temperature, flow, and solar radiation intensity to the industrial computer, and the industrial computer controls the operation of electric actuators, water pumps, and cooling towers through programs.

太阳能热水供应、地板采暖、空调、强化自然通风系统的变工况控制系统包括电动调节阀、变频水泵,其中,温度传感器与电动调节阀连接,电动调节阀与变频水泵连接。根据温度传感器上传到工况机的温度信号,通过程序判断用户冷热负荷的变化,从而调节水泵流量以及阀门开度。The variable working condition control system of solar hot water supply, floor heating, air conditioning, and enhanced natural ventilation system includes an electric control valve and a frequency conversion water pump, wherein the temperature sensor is connected to the electric control valve, and the electric control valve is connected to the frequency conversion water pump. According to the temperature signal uploaded to the working machine by the temperature sensor, the change of the user's cooling and heating load is judged through the program, so as to adjust the flow rate of the water pump and the opening of the valve.

太阳能集热器阵列将蓄热水箱下部的水加热后,流入蓄热水箱上部,当蓄热水箱上部水温达到生活热水供应、地板采暖、空调、强化自然通风各自的热水供水设定温度时,开启热水循环泵,将蓄热水箱上部的水送入末端热利用系统。随季节的变化,其流向则依系统工作模式而定。如果系统处于空调模式,则蓄热水箱上部的热水通入吸附式制冷机,加热一个吸附床使其解析,而另一吸附床被冷却塔提供冷却水冷却,进而吸附蒸发器中的冷剂蒸汽,蒸发器蒸发制冷,通过空调水管道为系统应用场合空调器提供冷冻水以实现制冷;如果系统工作于地板采暖模式,则蓄热水箱上部的水通入地板采暖分水器,由此分别送入各地板采暖盘管环路实现采暖;如果系统处于强化自然通风模式,则蓄热水箱上部的水通入屋面通风结构中的翅片管式换热器,通过自然对流换热,加热风道中的空气以强化热压作用下的自然通风;生活热水模式不受季节性控制,它分别与上述三种运行模式并联,合用一台热水循环泵,在系统实现季节性工况的同时,实现生活热水供应。集热系统温差启停控制系统具有相对独立性,它在全年均根据程序设定的温差实现集热循环泵的自动启停,同时要实现集热系统冬季防冻保护以及夏季防过热保护;变工况控制系统在空调模式下首先判断当前的蓄热水箱上部水温是否达到系统设定的空调系统开机温度,达到设定值后开启吸附式制冷机组,同时开启热水循环泵、冷却塔、冷却水循环泵、冷冻水循环泵以及空调末端装置,在空调系统运行过程中,根据空调末端所服务的空间室温来控制冷冻水循环泵的流量,当蓄热水箱上部水温低于系统设定的停机温度时,关闭吸附式制冷机组、同时关闭热水循环泵、冷却塔、冷却水循环泵、冷冻水循环泵以及空调末端装置;变工况控制系统在地板采暖模式下根据当前蓄热水箱上部水温是否超过系统设定温度来决定热水循环泵的开启,地板采暖运行过程中,根据地板采暖所服务的空间室温以及地板温度来控制地板采暖盘管环路的开度,此外,根据蓄热水箱上部水温控制地板采暖供回水管之间旁通阀的开启,以防供水温度超温,破坏地板采暖盘管;变工况控制系统在太阳能强化自然通风模式下根据当前蓄热水箱上部水温与系统设定值控制热水循环泵的启停;生活热水供应系统的控制分别隶属于上述三种模式。另外系统还包括7个水回路,即太阳能集热循环回路、供空调用热水回路、冷却水回路、冷冻水回路;地板采暖用热水回路;太阳能强化自然通风用热水回路、生活热水换热器用热水回路。The solar collector array heats the water in the lower part of the hot water storage tank and flows into the upper part of the hot water storage tank. When the temperature is fixed, the hot water circulation pump is turned on, and the water in the upper part of the heat storage tank is sent to the terminal heat utilization system. As the season changes, its flow direction depends on the system's working mode. If the system is in the air-conditioning mode, the hot water in the upper part of the heat storage tank is passed into the adsorption refrigerator to heat one adsorption bed to decompose, while the other adsorption bed is cooled by the cooling water provided by the cooling tower, and then absorbs the cold in the evaporator. The evaporator evaporates and refrigerates, and provides chilled water for the air conditioner in the system application through the air-conditioning water pipe to achieve cooling; if the system works in the floor heating mode, the water in the upper part of the storage tank is passed into the floor heating water separator, and the The water is sent to each floor heating coil loop to realize heating; if the system is in the enhanced natural ventilation mode, the water in the upper part of the storage tank is passed into the finned tube heat exchanger in the roof ventilation structure, and heat is exchanged by natural convection , to heat the air in the air duct to strengthen the natural ventilation under the action of heat pressure; the domestic hot water mode is not subject to seasonal control, it is connected in parallel with the above three operating modes, and a hot water circulation pump is used together to realize seasonal work in the system At the same time, realize domestic hot water supply. The temperature difference start and stop control system of the heat collection system is relatively independent. It realizes the automatic start and stop of the heat collection circulation pump according to the temperature difference set by the program throughout the year, and at the same time realizes the antifreeze protection of the heat collection system in winter and the overheat protection in summer; In the air-conditioning mode, the working condition control system first judges whether the current water temperature in the upper part of the heat storage tank has reached the start-up temperature of the air-conditioning system set by the system. After reaching the set value, the adsorption refrigeration unit is turned on, and the hot water circulation pump, cooling tower, Cooling water circulation pump, chilled water circulation pump and air-conditioning terminal device, during the operation of the air-conditioning system, the flow rate of the chilled water circulation pump is controlled according to the room temperature of the space served by the air-conditioning terminal. At the same time, the adsorption refrigeration unit is turned off, and the hot water circulation pump, cooling tower, cooling water circulation pump, chilled water circulation pump and air-conditioning terminal unit are turned off at the same time; The system sets the temperature to determine the opening of the hot water circulation pump. During the floor heating operation, the opening of the floor heating coil loop is controlled according to the room temperature of the space served by the floor heating and the floor temperature. In addition, according to the upper part of the water storage tank The water temperature controls the opening of the bypass valve between the water supply and return pipes of the floor heating to prevent the water supply temperature from overheating and damage the floor heating coil; The set value controls the start and stop of the hot water circulation pump; the control of the domestic hot water supply system belongs to the above three modes respectively. In addition, the system also includes 7 water circuits, namely solar heat collection cycle circuit, hot water circuit for air conditioning, cooling water circuit, chilled water circuit; hot water circuit for floor heating; hot water circuit for solar enhanced natural ventilation, domestic hot water Heat exchanger with hot water circuit.

本发明首先通过太阳能集热器阵列收集太阳辐射热,并蓄存于蓄热水箱,蓄热水箱中的热水驱动高效吸附制冷机提供夏季的冷负荷,同时提供生活热水负荷;冬季,蓄热水箱中的热水直接用于提供采暖负荷及生活热水负荷,过渡季,蓄热水箱中的热水通过翅片管式换热器强化自然通风,同时提供生活热水负荷。从而太阳能复合能量系统在全年均实现充分合理的利用。The invention first collects solar radiant heat through a solar collector array and stores it in a hot water storage tank. The hot water in the hot water storage tank drives a high-efficiency adsorption refrigerator to provide cooling load in summer and domestic hot water load at the same time; , the hot water in the hot water storage tank is directly used to provide heating load and domestic hot water load. . Thus, the solar composite energy system can be fully and reasonably utilized throughout the year.

本发明集太阳能热水供应、空调、地板采暖、强化自然通风于一体,实现了太阳能热利用技术的高度集成,具有环保节能、设备利用率高、太阳能利用率高、符合太阳能建筑一体化趋势等特点。据计算,在太阳能资源较好的地区,对于一组60m2的太阳能集热器阵列与固体吸附制冷机组、地板采暖、强化自然通风、热水供应相结合的太阳能复合能量系统,在制冷模式中,可向用户同时提供冷负荷10kW及生活热水负荷1.5kW;在采暖模式中,系统可向用户同时提供采暖热负荷及生活热水负荷18kW;在太阳能强化自然通风模式中,系统可向用户同时提供强化自然通风用加热量以及生活热水负荷21kW。该太阳能复合能量系统全年太阳能综合利用率可达到70%以上。The invention integrates solar hot water supply, air conditioning, floor heating, and enhanced natural ventilation, realizes the high integration of solar thermal utilization technology, has environmental protection and energy saving, high equipment utilization rate, high solar energy utilization rate, and conforms to the trend of solar building integration, etc. features. According to calculations, in areas with good solar energy resources, for a solar composite energy system that combines a group of 60m2 solar collector arrays with solid adsorption refrigeration units, floor heating, enhanced natural ventilation, and hot water supply, in the cooling mode , can provide users with a cooling load of 10kW and a domestic hot water load of 1.5kW; in the heating mode, the system can provide users with a heating heat load and a domestic hot water load of 18kW; At the same time, it provides heating for enhanced natural ventilation and domestic hot water load of 21kW. The comprehensive solar energy utilization rate of the solar composite energy system can reach more than 70% throughout the year.

本发明采用翅片管式换热器强化自然通风,解决了过渡季节太阳能热水大量过剩的问题,在改善室内空气品质、节约通风耗能的同时,提供了一种新颖的强化自然通风设计思路。The invention uses finned tube heat exchangers to strengthen natural ventilation, solves the problem of a large surplus of solar hot water in transitional seasons, and provides a novel design idea of strengthening natural ventilation while improving indoor air quality and saving ventilation energy consumption .

本发明采用地板采暖盘管作为太阳能采暖系统的末端设备,地板采暖要求的供水温度较低,是太阳能采暖的最佳方式。The invention adopts the floor heating coil as the terminal equipment of the solar heating system, and the water supply temperature required by the floor heating is relatively low, which is the best mode of solar heating.

本发明采用吸附制冷机实现太阳能系统的热冷转换,突破了太阳能空调系统实现产业化的技术瓶颈,具有容量小(可低至10kW以下)、驱动热源温度低、运行操作简单、易于维修等突出优点。实现制冷机组与市场上现有的常规太阳能热水器的高度匹配,具有广阔的市场前景。可广泛应用于家庭及小规模业务场所(如会所、游泳池等)的制冷、采热、通风及热水供应,推广应用具有极大的经济和社会价值。The invention uses an adsorption refrigerator to realize the heat-to-cool conversion of the solar system, breaks through the technical bottleneck of the industrialization of the solar air-conditioning system, and has the advantages of small capacity (lower than 10kW), low temperature of the driving heat source, simple operation and easy maintenance, etc. advantage. Realizing the high matching between the refrigerating unit and the existing conventional solar water heaters on the market has broad market prospects. It can be widely used in refrigeration, heating, ventilation and hot water supply in homes and small-scale business places (such as clubhouses, swimming pools, etc.), and its promotion and application has great economic and social value.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1本发明系统的结构示意图The structural representation of Fig. 1 system of the present invention

图2高效固体吸附制冷机结构示意图Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of a high-efficiency solid adsorption refrigerator

太阳能集热系统1、太阳能热水供应系统2、太阳能地板采暖系统3、为太阳能空调系统4、太阳能强化自然通风系统5、控制系统6、热水循环泵7、分水缸8、集水缸9、太阳能集热器阵列10、集热循环泵11、蓄热水箱12、生活热水换热器13、地板采暖盘管14、高效吸附制冷机15、空调末端风机盘管16、冷却塔17、冷却水循环泵18、冷冻水循环泵19、冷凝器20、蒸发器21、吸附床22、翅片管式换热器23、工控机24、参数采样系统25、集热系统温差启停控制系统26、变工况控制系统27、温控阀28、太阳能集热系统供回水温度和流量采样系统29、太阳能空调用热水、冷却水、冷冻水供回水温度和流量采样系统30、太阳能地板采暖用热水供回水温度和流量采样系统31、太阳能强化自然通风用热水供回水温度和流量采样系统32、生活热水换热器进出口温度和流量采样系统33、环境温度、太阳辐射强度采样系统34、电动调节阀35、变频水泵36、温度传感器37。Solar heat collection system 1, solar hot water supply system 2, solar floor heating system 3, solar air conditioning system 4, solar enhanced natural ventilation system 5, control system 6, hot water circulation pump 7, water distribution tank 8, water collection tank 9. Solar heat collector array 10, heat collecting circulating pump 11, hot water storage tank 12, domestic hot water heat exchanger 13, floor heating coil 14, high-efficiency adsorption refrigerator 15, air-conditioning terminal fan coil 16, cooling tower 17. Cooling water circulation pump 18, chilled water circulation pump 19, condenser 20, evaporator 21, adsorption bed 22, finned tube heat exchanger 23, industrial computer 24, parameter sampling system 25, heat collection system temperature difference start-stop control system 26. Variable working condition control system 27. Temperature control valve 28. Sampling system for temperature and flow rate of supply and return water in solar heat collection system 29. Sampling system for temperature and flow rate of supply and return water for hot water, cooling water and chilled water for solar air conditioning 30. Solar energy Hot water supply and return water temperature and flow sampling system for floor heating 31, hot water supply and return water temperature and flow sampling system for solar enhanced natural ventilation 32, domestic hot water heat exchanger inlet and outlet temperature and flow sampling system 33, ambient temperature, Solar radiation intensity sampling system 34, electric control valve 35, frequency conversion water pump 36, temperature sensor 37.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

如图1、图2所示,本发明包括:太阳能集热系统1、太阳能热水供应系统2、太阳能地板采暖系统3、太阳能空调系统4、太阳能强化自然通风系统5、控制系统6、热水循环泵7、分水缸8以及集水缸9。其连接方式为:太阳能集热系统1和太阳能热水供应系统2、太阳能地板采暖系统3、太阳能空调系统4、太阳能强化自然通风系统5通过管道并联在分水缸8以及集水缸9之间,其中热水循环泵7为太阳能热水供应系统2、太阳能地板采暖系统3、太阳能空调系统4、太阳能强化自然通风系统5的公用部件。As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present invention includes: solar heat collection system 1, solar hot water supply system 2, solar floor heating system 3, solar air conditioning system 4, solar enhanced natural ventilation system 5, control system 6, hot water Circulation pump 7, water distribution tank 8 and water collection tank 9. Its connection mode is: solar heat collection system 1 and solar hot water supply system 2, solar floor heating system 3, solar air conditioning system 4, solar enhanced natural ventilation system 5 are connected in parallel between the water distribution tank 8 and the water collection tank 9 through pipelines , wherein the hot water circulation pump 7 is a public component of the solar hot water supply system 2, the solar floor heating system 3, the solar air conditioning system 4, and the solar enhanced natural ventilation system 5.

太阳能集热系统1包括:太阳能集热器阵列10、集热循环泵11以及蓄热水箱12,三者通过管道连接,蓄热水箱12通过管道和分水缸8、集水缸9连接在一起。The solar heat collection system 1 includes: a solar heat collector array 10, a heat collection circulation pump 11, and a heat storage tank 12, the three are connected through pipelines, and the heat storage tank 12 is connected with the water distribution cylinder 8 and the water collection cylinder 9 through pipelines together.

太阳能热水供应系统2设有生活热水换热器13,生活热水换热器13与热水循环泵7之间通过管道连接在一起。The solar hot water supply system 2 is provided with a domestic hot water heat exchanger 13, and the domestic hot water heat exchanger 13 and the hot water circulation pump 7 are connected together through pipelines.

太阳能地板采暖系统3设有地板采暖盘管14,蓄热水箱12与地板采暖盘管14通过热水循环泵7以及管道连接在一起。太阳能地板采暖系统3还设有温控阀28,根据室温自动调节地板采暖盘管14的流量,连接到控制系统6。The solar floor heating system 3 is provided with a floor heating coil 14, and the hot water storage tank 12 and the floor heating coil 14 are connected together through a hot water circulation pump 7 and pipelines. The solar floor heating system 3 is also provided with a temperature control valve 28 , which automatically adjusts the flow of the floor heating coil 14 according to the room temperature, and is connected to the control system 6 .

太阳能空调系统4包括:高效吸附制冷机15、空调末端风机盘管16、冷却塔17、冷却水循环泵18、冷冻水循环泵19。高效吸附制冷机15与空调末端风机盘管16通过冷冻水循环泵19以及管道连接在一起,高效吸附制冷机15与冷却塔17通过冷却水循环泵18以及管道连接在一起,高效吸附制冷机15与蓄热水箱12通过热水循环泵7以及管道连接在一起。The solar air-conditioning system 4 includes: a high-efficiency adsorption refrigerator 15 , an air-conditioning terminal fan coil 16 , a cooling tower 17 , a cooling water circulation pump 18 , and a chilled water circulation pump 19 . The high-efficiency adsorption refrigerator 15 and the air conditioner terminal fan coil 16 are connected together through the chilled water circulation pump 19 and pipelines, the high-efficiency adsorption refrigerator 15 and the cooling tower 17 are connected together through the cooling water circulation pump 18 and pipelines, and the high-efficiency adsorption refrigerator 15 and the storage The hot water tank 12 is connected together by the hot water circulating pump 7 and pipelines.

太阳能强化自然通风系统5设有翅片管式换热器23。翅片管式换热器23与蓄热水箱12通过热水循环泵7以及管道连接在一起。The solar enhanced natural ventilation system 5 is provided with a finned tube heat exchanger 23 . The finned tube heat exchanger 23 is connected with the hot water storage tank 12 through the hot water circulation pump 7 and pipelines.

高效吸附制冷机15由冷凝器20、蒸发器21、吸附床22组成。两套吸附床22、冷凝器20和蒸发器21分别设置在两个绝热保温腔体中。冷却水通过管道在两个冷凝器20中直通,而后可通过电动阀的切换分别进入两个吸附床22;热水可通过电动阀切换分别进入两个吸附床22;冷冻水在热管隔离蒸发器中循环流动,从而实现制冷。吸附式制冷机15采用两床连续吸附式制冷循环,使用硅胶-水作为吸附工质对。The high-efficiency adsorption refrigerator 15 is composed of a condenser 20 , an evaporator 21 , and an adsorption bed 22 . Two sets of adsorption beds 22, condenser 20 and evaporator 21 are respectively arranged in two heat-insulating and heat-preserving cavities. The cooling water is passed directly through the two condensers 20 through the pipeline, and then can enter the two adsorption beds 22 respectively through the switching of the electric valve; the hot water can enter the two adsorption beds 22 respectively through the switching of the electric valve; Medium circulation flow, so as to achieve refrigeration. The adsorption refrigerator 15 adopts a two-bed continuous adsorption refrigeration cycle, using silica gel-water as the adsorption working medium pair.

控制系统6的核心部件是工控机24,包括:参数采样系统25、集热系统温差启停控制系统26和太阳能热水供应、地板采暖、空调、强化自然通风系统的变工况控制系统27,参数采样系统25通过传感器分别和集热系统温差启停控制系统26与变工况控制系统27连接在一起。The core component of the control system 6 is the industrial computer 24, including: a parameter sampling system 25, a temperature difference start-stop control system 26 of the heat collection system, and a variable working condition control system 27 for solar hot water supply, floor heating, air conditioning, and enhanced natural ventilation system, The parameter sampling system 25 is connected with the heat collection system temperature difference start-stop control system 26 and the variable working condition control system 27 respectively through sensors.

集热系统温差启停控制系统26通过判断设置在太阳能集热器阵列10出口的温度传感器37以及蓄热水箱12下部的温度传感器37显示值之差控制集热循环泵11的启停。The heat collection system temperature difference start and stop control system 26 controls the start and stop of the heat collection circulating pump 11 by judging the difference between the temperature sensor 37 installed at the outlet of the solar collector array 10 and the temperature sensor 37 at the bottom of the heat storage tank 12 .

参数采样系统25由太阳能集热系统供回水温度和流量采样系统29、太阳能空调用热水、冷却水、冷冻水供回水温度和流量采样系统30、太阳能地板采暖用热水供回水温度和流量采样系统31、太阳能强化自然通风用热水供回水温度和流量采样系统32、生活热水换热器进出口温度和流量采样系统33以及环境温度、太阳辐射强度采样系统34组成。各采用系统将温度、流量、太阳辐射强度等信号上传到工控机24,工控机24通过程序控制执行部件的运行。Parameter sampling system 25 is composed of solar heat collection system supply and return water temperature and flow sampling system 29, solar air-conditioning hot water, cooling water, chilled water supply and return water temperature and flow sampling system 30, solar floor heating hot water supply and return water temperature It is composed of a flow sampling system 31, a solar enhanced natural ventilation hot water supply and return water temperature and flow sampling system 32, a domestic hot water heat exchanger inlet and outlet temperature and flow sampling system 33, and an ambient temperature and solar radiation intensity sampling system 34. Each adopting system uploads signals such as temperature, flow rate, and solar radiation intensity to the industrial computer 24, and the industrial computer 24 controls the operation of the execution components through the program.

太阳能热水供应、地板采暖、空调、强化自然通风系统的变工况控制系统27包括电动调节阀35、变频水泵36,其中,温度传感器37与电动调节阀35连接,电动调节阀35与变频水泵36连接。根据温度传感器37上传到工控机24的温度信号,通过程序判断用户冷热负荷的变化,从而调节水泵流量以及阀门开度。The variable working condition control system 27 of solar hot water supply, floor heating, air conditioning, and enhanced natural ventilation system includes an electric control valve 35 and a frequency conversion water pump 36, wherein the temperature sensor 37 is connected to the electric control valve 35, and the electric control valve 35 is connected to the frequency conversion water pump 36 connections. According to the temperature signal uploaded to the industrial computer 24 by the temperature sensor 37, the change of the cooling and heating load of the user is judged through the program, thereby adjusting the flow rate of the water pump and the opening degree of the valve.

Claims (9)

1, a kind of solar energy composite energy system based on solid adsorption refrigerator, comprise: solar thermal collection system (1), solar energy hot water supply system (2), solar air-conditioner system (4), control system (6), hot water circulating pump (7), divide water vat (8) and the cylinder that catchments (9), it is characterized in that, also comprise: floor heating system with solar heat collector (3), solar energy enhanced natural ventilating system (5), six systems in the composition are connected in parallel between branch water vat (8) and the cylinder that catchments (9) by pipeline, floor heating system with solar heat collector (3) is provided with floor heating coil pipe (14), and solar thermal collection system (1) is connected by hot water circulating pump (7) and pipeline with floor heating coil pipe (14); Solar air-conditioner system (4) comprising: efficient adsorption refrigerating device (15), air conditioning terminal fan coil (16), cooling tower (17), cooling water circulating pump (18), chilled water circulating pump (19), efficient adsorption refrigerating device (15) is connected by chilled water circulating pump (19) and pipeline with air conditioning terminal fan coil (16), efficient adsorption refrigerating device (15) is connected by cooling water circulating pump (18) and pipeline with cooling tower (17), and efficient adsorption refrigerating device (15) is connected by hot water circulating pump (7) and pipeline with solar thermal collection system (1); Solar energy enhanced natural ventilating system (5) is provided with fin-tube heat exchanger (23), and fin-tube heat exchanger (23) is connected by hot water circulating pump (7) and pipeline with solar thermal collection system (1).
2, the solar energy composite energy system based on solid adsorption refrigerator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, solar thermal collection system (1) comprising: solar thermal collector array (10), thermal-arrest circulating pump (11) and hot water storage tank (12), the three connects by pipeline, and hot water storage tank (12) is by pipeline and divide water vat (8), the cylinder that catchments (9) to link together.
3, the solar energy composite energy system based on solid adsorption refrigerator according to claim 2, it is characterized in that hot water storage tank (12) all is connected by hot water circulating pump (7) and pipeline with floor heating coil pipe (14), efficient adsorption refrigerating device (15), fin-tube heat exchanger (23).
4, according to claim 1 or 3 described solar energy composite energy systems based on solid adsorption refrigerator, it is characterized in that, efficient adsorption refrigerating device (15) is made up of condenser (20), evaporimeter (21), adsorbent bed (22), two cover adsorbent beds (22), condenser (20) and evaporimeter (21) are separately positioned in two adiabatic heat-insulation cavitys, and efficient adsorption refrigerating device (15) adopts silica gel-water right as absorption working pair.
5, the solar energy composite energy system based on solid adsorption refrigerator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, solar energy hot water supply system (2) is provided with domestic hot-water's heat exchanger (13), and domestic hot-water's heat exchanger (13) is connected by pipeline with hot water circulating pump (7).
6, the solar energy composite energy system based on solid adsorption refrigerator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, floor heating system with solar heat collector (3) also is provided with temperature-sensing valve (28), regulates the flow of floor heating coil pipe (14) automatically according to room temperature, is connected to control system (6).
7, the solar energy composite energy system based on solid adsorption refrigerator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the core component of control system (6) is industrial computer (24), comprise: the variable working condition control system (27) of parameter sampling system (25), collecting system temperature difference start and stop control systems (26) and solar energy hot water supply, floor heating, air-conditioning, enhanced natural ventilating system, parameter sampling system (25) links together with collecting system temperature difference start and stop control systems (26) and variable working condition control system (27) respectively by sensor.
8, the solar energy composite energy system based on solid adsorption refrigerator according to claim 7, it is characterized in that collecting system temperature difference start and stop control systems (26) are arranged on the start and stop of difference control thermal-arrest circulating pump (11) of temperature sensor (37) show value of the temperature sensor (37) of solar thermal collector array (10) outlet and hot water storage tank (12) bottom by judgement.
9, solar energy composite energy system based on solid adsorption refrigerator according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, parameter sampling system (25) is by solar thermal collection system supply and return water temperature and traffic sampling system (29), solar airconditioning hot water, cooling water, chilled water supply and return water temperature and traffic sampling system (30), solar energy floor heating hot water supply and return water temperature and traffic sampling system (31), solar energy enhanced natural ventilating hot water supply and return water temperature and traffic sampling system (32), domestic hot-water's heat exchanger inlet and outlet temperature and traffic sampling system (33) and environment temperature, intensity of solar radiation sampling system (34) is formed, each employing system is with temperature, flow, the intensity of solar radiation signal uploads to industrial computer (24), and industrial computer (24) is by the operation of programme-control execution unit.
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