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CN1308827A - System for locating mobile phones - Google Patents

System for locating mobile phones Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1308827A
CN1308827A CN99808462.XA CN99808462A CN1308827A CN 1308827 A CN1308827 A CN 1308827A CN 99808462 A CN99808462 A CN 99808462A CN 1308827 A CN1308827 A CN 1308827A
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travelling carriage
wireless terminal
server
mobile station
time
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弗朗索瓦·卡索
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for locating a mobile telephone adapted to communicate with a first wireless terminal of a network of wireless terminals managed by an operations control centre. The mobile phone comprises means for estimating at least one parameter indicative of the position relative to the terminal and means for transmitting information related to said parameter to the server via the first wireless terminal, and the server comprises means for comparing the information related to said parameter with a predetermined mapping of said parameter and estimating the position of the mobile phone therefrom.

Description

Be used to locate the system of mobile phone
The present invention relates to the digital cellular radio communication of carrying out, for example according to GSM (global system for mobile communications) standard with travelling carriage.
The present invention is particularly related to the system that comes the travelling carriage in the positioning and communicating by the fixedly receiving terminal as the part of network more.
This system generally adopts time-division multiplex, and its time that makes is divided into the frame of fixing and predetermined amount of time.This frame is divided into time slot again.This technology is called time division multiple access (TDMA).The particular time-slot that circulates in each frame constitutes a physical channel.This structure is used for the up link from the travelling carriage to the receiving terminal and is used for down link from the receiving terminal to the travelling carriage.Transmitted by the form with packet by the data that travelling carriage and receiving terminal exchanged, each packet is placed in the time slot.Various logical channels, for example Traffic Channel (TCH) and control channel are multiplexed in this physical channel.Thereby the time slot of given physical channel is divided between a plurality of logic channels, and this produces a kind of new construction that is called multi-frame.
The gsm communication agreement was described by " gsm system that is used for mobile communication " that M.Mouly and M-B.Pautet showed in 1992, and its content is contained in this for your guidance.
For gsm protocol, mobile telephone network is roughly known the position of the travelling carriage that is in holding state in real time, knows that on this meaning travelling carriage communicates in its current location and which receiving area.This receiving area is represented by a plurality of continuous receiving terminals.If travelling carriage leaves the section of being served by a receiving area, then it represents this change to updating message of network transmission.Because network is known the position of travelling carriage, so travelling carriage can at any time be called out.In addition, network is known the cellular global identity symbol (CGI) of the sub-district that travelling carriage signed in in the communication, and the sub-district is the part geographic area of being served by same wireless terminal.
In given interval, the travelling carriage in the communication is gone up at service wireless channel (SACCH) measurement report information is sent to the receiving terminal that it signs in to.This information makes that at any time the receiving terminal of network selecting the best is carried out the calling of carrying out with this travelling carriage.
Know the time that crosses over the distance between travelling carriage and the wireless terminal, this is called Timing Advance (TA), travelling carriage can send to wireless terminal in the time of selecting, and makes described wireless terminal can receive the transmission signal from travelling carriage, and is not subjected to the interference of other travelling carriage emission.Therefore, timing advance TA has reflected the distance between travelling carriage that radio wave passed through and the wireless terminal.The unit increment of timing advance TA is corresponding to about 550 meters distance.
The measurement report information that is sent to wireless terminal by travelling carriage comprises that this wireless terminal reaches 6 in the adjoining receiving terminal of the best corresponding to the parameters R XLEV of travelling carriage from the level of institute's wireless terminal in communication reception.Measurement report information also comprises the parameters R XQUAL corresponding to the quality that is received from the institute wireless terminal in communication by travelling carriage.
Short Message Service (SMS) makes emission and the reception of carrying out text message between travelling carriage and the network, this short message is launched on the SACCH channel if travelling carriage is being communicated by letter, if perhaps travelling carriage is in holding state, then short message is gone up emission at signaling channel (TCH/8 or SDCCH).Mobile phone communications company can adopt radio distribution instrument to calculate incoming level and quality in given physical location, as the function of the geographical position of wireless terminal, adjacent wireless terminal, their transmitting power, their type and employed frequency or the like.
Phase place 2+GSM 11.11 and GSM 11.14 technical standard orders the interference between mobile device and user's the SIM card.Specifically, SIM card can cause the emission of SMS messaging breath from mobile device request measurement report, and the content of the SMS message of storage input.This is a technology well known in the art.
European patent EP-A-0 398 773 has described a kind of method that is used for determining at the time division multiple access communication network physical location of travelling carriage, and this method comprises the steps: the numerical value from first fixed station and the relative phase of the synchronizing signal of at least one second fixed station reception at moving table measuring is sent to first fixed station; From first fixed station synchronizing signal is sent to the propagation time of information desk and the relative phase that BCCH is received in the measurement of first fixed station; The emission relative phase of storage before utilizing is in the propagation time of first fixed station calculating from second fixed station to travelling carriage; And from the position of propagation time with first and second fixing geographical coordinate calculating travelling carriage.
Patent WO 9635306 has described a kind of method of position of travelling carriage of the cellular radio system of determining to comprise a plurality of base stations.The time difference from the emission of base station between measured by mobile device is determined.Determine distance between travelling carriage and each base station from these time differences.Derive the position of mobile device from these distances.The control channel of at least some base stations in the scope of travelling carriage the time separation structure by synchronously, and described travelling carriage determine on the control channel of each base station, to broadcast the time separation structure time difference of characteristic element.If by the number of the base station that travelling carriage detected very little, then and the Timing Advance that needs of serving BS signal post be used to derive distance between travelling carriage and the serving BS.
But, proposed the whole bag of tricks and made the user can not learn the position and the trouble and expensive of travelling carriage.
An object of the present invention is to propose a kind of system, the wherein only order by the user or use a kind of specific SIM Toolkit (SIM kit) application program to locate of travelling carriage.The SIMToolkit application program can cause the automatic emission of short message.The SIMToolkit application program can only just be launched these information when receiving specific telephone number.
Another object of the present invention is to propose a kind ofly to be used for positioning mobile station and not need gsm protocol is done the system of any change.
Navigation system according to the present invention makes travelling carriage to communicate with first wireless terminal by the wireless terminal network of operating that control centre monitored.
Travelling carriage comprises the parameter that is used to estimate at least one expression and the relative position of wireless terminal and is used for the device that sends to server with respect to the information of described parameter by first wireless terminal.
Server comprises and being used for comparing with the predetermined mapping table of described parameter with respect to the information of described parameter and deriving the device of estimated value of the position of travelling carriage from result of this comparison.
In one embodiment of the invention, this system comprises the device that is used to estimate distance between the travelling carriage and first portable terminal, and has as the error margin Δ d that is passed through described function apart from required time by electric wave Bm
In one embodiment of the invention, this system comprises the device that is used to estimate the level that receives from first wireless terminal and adjacent wireless terminal.
In one embodiment of the invention, this system comprises the device that is used to estimate the quality of reception that transmits from first wireless terminal and adjacent wireless terminal.
This travelling carriage preferably includes and is used for comparison by the time r of travelling carriage reception from the emission of other wireless terminal iWith the time r that receives from the emission of first wireless terminal, and the numerical value Δ r of the reception time shift of therefrom deriving i, and be used for each time shift Δ r iNumerical value send to the device of server by first wireless terminal, and this server preferably includes the device that is used for the distance between estimating mobile telephone and each other wireless terminal, this distance is as time shift Δ r iTransmission time e with other wireless terminal iAnd the time shift Δ e between the transmission time e of first wireless terminal iFunction.
In one embodiment of the invention, this system comprises and is used for detecting the device that the position of mobile phone is determined in the estimated position that utilizes at least two parameters to obtain by intersecting.
The location can be by the command execution of user of mobile station.
Server can comprise and be used for information is sent to the device of user as the function of mobile telephone position.This information can comprise acoustic information and the information that is used to show.
Owing on the logic channel of service and service logical channels, transmit in the information between travelling carriage and the wireless terminal, therefore be preferably in respect to this information of described parameter and be sent to first wireless terminal on the service logical channels, for example use Short Message Service.
Mapping table can be applicable to the transmitted power level of various wireless terminals by linear interpolation.
Mapping table can recomputate the function as parameter change, is relayed to the numerical value of geographic information server with change, for example a function that starts or do not start as frequency hopping on various wireless frequencies.
Mapping table can be recomputated as the startup of the full rate (EFR) that strengthens on various wireless frequencies or a function that does not start.
Mapping table is recalculated as being the transmitted power level of various wireless terminals, for example owing to the structure of building causes the change of the topological structure of storage map and the function that frequency hopping starts.
In one embodiment of the invention, locative parameter be corresponding to the parameter N B-cross-correlation of the numeral of BCCH frequency cross-correlation.
Travelling carriage can have and is used for device that position data is compared with the zone of storage in the past, is used for specific rate of charge, for example for the calling near the user residence, uses the position data of the SIM card that is stored in travelling carriage.
Travelling carriage comprises the device that is used for sending by Short Message Service charge data.
In one embodiment of the invention, if a calling is to send or receive near the former storage area, if travelling carriage in calling procedure, enter or leave described before the zone of storage, then this travelling carriage emission charge data.
In one embodiment of the invention, travelling carriage comprises a kind of device, if in the zone of the former storage of described travelling carriage, this device is used to send " transferring to fixed network " information, cause that call path changes, make the calling of any reception be informed to fixed station and this travelling carriage.
In the system of the above-mentioned type, travelling carriage can be used for many purposes, for example launches SOS, perhaps provides the information relevant with its position to the user.Therefore, the user can with comprise the geography information that is used to navigate or comprise that the database of navigation information of the explanation of the environment that the user can see from their position communicates.Can be undertaken by the dedicated phone number that does not change with communicating by letter of database with the position.Information is offered location server that user's language can also send to according to information or select according to described user's order; In addition, this language can be relevant with telephone number.
Read hereinafter to provide by not limited example and the detailed description of the several embodiment of the present invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings after, will better understanding be arranged to the present invention, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that the operation of mobile telephone network according to the present invention is shown;
Fig. 2 is the modification of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that is illustrated in the acquisition of radio wave cross-correlation numeral in the geographic information server; And
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that the acquisition of special time overview is shown.
In describing hereinafter, " mobile device " is meant " sky " mobile phone that does not insert SIM card.Mobile device only can send urgent call.
The function of SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card is the given mobile network's of identification user.
Travelling carriage is the combination of mobile device and SIM card.Call can be launched and receive to travelling carriage.
The service logic channel transmits all required information of proper operation of mobile network: the transmission of calling, the reception of calling, handover, or the like.
Service channel uses various types of physical channels, for example BCCH and SDCCH channel.
Information in the service logic channel is managed by the basic facilities of mobile phone communications company.
Opposite with the service logic channel, service logical channels transmits the information of the communication that is used for the mobile subscriber.The service logic wireless channel uses one or more physical channels, and for example TCH or SDCCH (TCH/8) if perhaps telephone communication company adopts the half rate option, then use the TCH channel of half.Note that SDCCH (TCH/8) is the physical channel that can transmit information on services or business information.The information that transmits on Traffic Channel is not used in radiotelephone communication company and will charges.It can be acoustic information or " data " information that is used to show, Short Message Service (SMS) information, amorphous supplementary service data (USSD) or global packet radio exchange (GPRS) information.
The GPRS wireless communication protocol is according to the transmission of Internet protocol (IP) by GSM phone basic facilities management data.
GPRS being connected between the physical layer of IP communication layers and ISO model.
Therefore, GPRS makes travelling carriage communicate with the IP form: the transmission of access internet server, Email and reception, or the like.
" fixing/mobile set in " is meant that all make all technology of paying dues fixing and mobile phone fusion mutually maybe might merge.
Provide the advantage of landline telephone in the family at this, particularly aspect sound quality and high bit rate, combine with user's mobility.
Be single record keeping, send the different of the different calling charge in position with other advantage relevant in fixing/mobile set, and can use identical telephone bandset according to calling.
Fig. 1 illustrates mobile telephone network and comprises a plurality of wireless systems 1, and wherein each comprises a plurality of terminal (not shown) that transmit and receive, and is called wireless terminal, and each is used for communicating with a plurality of travelling carriage (not shown).Each wireless system 1 is connected to operational control center 2.Each operational control center is managed a plurality of wireless systems 1.Operational control center 2 then is connected to network management center 3.Network management center is connected to physical message server 4, be suitable for distribution of wireless instrument 5 and with mobile switching centre's 6 exchange messages that landline telephone network (not shown) provided interface.
Fig. 2 illustrates a kind of distortion that operational control center is directly connected to geographic information server 4.
The position that can calculate travelling carriage for geographic information server 4, need from the information relay of travelling carriage to geographic information server 4.Service logical channels is used for location parameter is sent to geographic information server 4.Geographic information server 4 can with the Short Message Service (SMS) form or with the IP form reception information on the voice channel (when this information is sent with the GPRS form by travelling carriage).
The information on services that travelling carriage can send to geographic information server 4 is made of the parameter that helps to locate.
The cellular global identity symbol (CGI) of-server sub-district,
The BCCH of-binomial BSIC, the sub-district adjacent with the server sub-district, to the travelling carriage of all these information of BCCH relaying that can change, the number of this travelling carriage can surpass 6,
-with from the relevant parameters R XLEV of the incoming level of all above-mentioned sub-districts,
-with from the server sub-district with from the relevant parameters R XQUAL of the quality of reception of neighbor cell,
-be used for the time of reception poor (DIR) of all above-mentioned sub-districts,
-expression is used for the NB-cross-correlation parameter of the numeral of above-mentioned sub-district and BCCH frequency cross-correlation,
-be used for the time of reception poor (DTR) of the lock-out pulse (SCH) of each above-mentioned sub-district, and with from beginning the relevant parameter of institute's elapsed time by moving table measuring, and
-with to the relevant parameter of distance of server radio station.
Cellular global identity symbol (CGI) parameter and binomial BSIC and BCCH are the most useful for positioning mobile station.These parameter recognition are used for the sub-district of positioning mobile station.They are known and are handled by travelling carriage that therefore for travelling carriage they being sent to geographic information server 4 is simple things.
Under special circumstances, especially for urgent call, travelling carriage can be launched the information on services relevant with the sub-district of another mobile telephone network.GSM 05.08 ETS 300578 proposed standard regulation travelling carriages must be able to scan all GSM frequencies, with identification BCCH frequency, so that calculate their incoming level.Therefore in this case, geographic information server 4 is known the position of the sub-district of diverse network, knows which sub-district and given sub-district are adjacent.
In the following description, the message that comprises the required information of geo-location is called as " location measurement information ".
Travelling carriage is used for the RXLEV parameter of BCCH frequency of carrier frequency (full Serving cell of RXLEV-and RXLEV-sub-services sub-district) and neighbor cell (RXLEV-NCELL) and the RXQUAL parameter that is used for carrier frequency (the full Serving cell of RXQUAL-and, RXQUAL-sub-services sub-district) as calculated.
This travelling carriage can be preferably from the BCCH frequency computation part parameters R XQUAL of neighbor cell.
In addition, in order to coordinate to be relayed to the measurement of GIS-Geographic Information System 4, the RXLEV and the RXQUAL parameter that are used for the server frequency can only be calculated from the BCCH multi-frame, rather than calculate from some or all of tdma frames.But for the parameters R XLEV of the various wireless terminals of correspondence and RXQUAL still inaccuracy, this mainly is that interference owing to otherness and other radio wave causes.
Timing Advance parameter TA calculates in the following manner.The BCCH frequency synchronised of the server radio station of travelling carriage and use FCCH and SCH.Under multiplex situation, this mainly appears in the urban environment with many barriers, the signal synchronised that travelling carriage is the strongest with reception.When beginning to communicate by letter, radio system 1 is estimated the travelling carriage that passed through by radio wave and the distance between the server wireless terminal, and parameter TA is sent to travelling carriage.
Under multiplex situation, travelling carriage several times with the same signal cross-correlation.For synchronously, select corresponding to incoming level that receives at moment T2 and path the best in quality.But travelling carriage is also known the moment T1 with the received signal cross-correlation first time.Therefore, can determine new parameter, (DCD): DCD=D (TA)-c * (T2-T1), wherein D (TA) is the timing advance TA calculated distance of being launched from by the server radio station, and c is the light velocity to be called directapath distance between travelling carriage and its server radio station.
Compare with timing advance TA, parameter DCD is the better expression of actual range between server wireless terminal and the travelling carriage.The first signal cross-correlation that is received may be decayed by the various barrier on its transmission path, for example barrier such as trees.The best cross-correlation that is received may be reflected by the barrier of other type, for example the flat surfaces of building.
Signal reception time from various wireless terminals poor (DIR) can be used (referring to GSM 05.10-phase place 2+ proposed standard) equally.It is poor that travelling carriage can calculate corresponding to the time of reception of the short pass ripple time of each radio wave, rather than be used for the time of the signal that receives in peak power, to avoid the inexactness relevant with multi-path transmission.Therefore, travelling carriage can be to each adjacent wireless terminal calculating parameter DIR.
If wireless terminal is by synchronously, if perhaps geographic information server 4 is known transmission time compensation RTD between the various wireless terminals, then server can calculate the distance with respect to the adjacent wireless terminal of being considered.But only strictly to compensate RTD be known and not in time and during drift, parameter DIR could make can the accurate Calculation position synchronously or when the transmission time when wireless terminal.
Mobile station supervision need with the wireless telephony network of the BCCH frequency synchronised of each server sub-district and neighbor cell.For this purpose, it and lock-out pulse SCH synchronised on BCCH.Radio wave can be taked the different paths between wireless terminal and the travelling carriage.This phenomenon is called multi-path transmission.Under the situation of multichannel transmission, travelling carriage and power and path cross-correlation the best in quality, this path is shortest path not necessarily.Counting is by the number of the BCCH frequency cross-correlation that travelling carriage received.Therefore, travelling carriage can be to the numerical value of the BCCH frequency computation part NB-cross-correlation parameter that each received, and in location measurement information this numerical value of emission.Certainly, can provide a filter to eliminate cross-correlation corresponding to the quality of reception of non-constant.
Whether travelling carriage can detect it in motion, and if move and can estimate its about speed.Time of reception difference DTR measures the time of reception difference of the same SCH pulse of BCCH multi-frame by measurement.A BCCH multi-frame comprises 5 SCH pulses.In the BCCH multi-frame, the SCH pulse is launched when the end of BCCH multiframe period of per 10 * 8 pulse periods (BP) or 11 * 8.Because pulse period BP just is 15/26 millisecond, the travelling carriage of Yi Donging millisecond does not receive each SCH pulse in every (10 * 8 * 15)/26, and millisecond once receives 5 pulses in every (11 * 8 * 15)/26.The emission that the BCCH multi-frame is recycled.Its transmission time is 51 * 8 * 15/26=235.38 millisecond.If t1 is the time that travelling carriage receives a SCH pulse of BCCH multi-frame, and t2 is the time that travelling carriage for example receives the same pulse SCH of the BCCH multi-frame of emission after 5 cycles, then time of reception difference DTR is: DTR=t2-t1-t, wherein t=5 * 51 * 8 * 15/26=1.17692 second.Then, minimum speed will be for receiving the maximum of the parameter DTR of BCCH frequency computation part to each.If the BCCH frequency does not receive in 5 multi-frames continuously, then travelling carriage is represented this situation in location measurement information.
Come the enable position metrical information to be relayed to geographic information server at this by variety of way, can perhaps manually start by after the telephone number of input geographic information server 4, starting automatically by the user.The telephone number of geographic information server 4 can be included in the user travelling carriage SIM card or be included in the software of travelling carriage.The user can store the telephone number of the geographic information server that is approved for the location.In case after the telephone number of geographic information server was transfused to, travelling carriage began to measure above-mentioned parameter.Travelling carriage can also be before call out starting being transmitted into geographic information server for the incoming level of the various BCCH frequencies of mobile network's sub-district, starting position as quickly as possible to calculate by this travelling carriage receives.
Location measurement information can be launched on various frequencies by travelling carriage.Only when travelling carriage thinks that it can the transmitting site metrical information, when for example parameter DTR arrived high numerical value, travelling carriage just can the transmitting site metrical information.
Travelling carriage is only when receiving just can the transmitting site metrical information during with the request of the form of SMS message or the positional information by the GPRS emission by geographic information server.Location measurement information can preset time at interval in relaying, for example, per 30 seconds.At last, location measurement information can be used by the message of geographic information server emission by the frequency of relaying and determine.
Above-mentioned possibility preferably can combine.For example, travelling carriage can be just after the telephone number of importing geographic information server the transmitting site metrical information, if perhaps described travelling carriage moves, transmitting site metrical information when receiving the message of request position information then.This does not successfully estimate advantageous particularly under the situation of position of travelling carriage at geographic information server, particularly under wrong or inconsistent data conditions.
Geographic information server may need the measurement relevant with particular wireless station.Then, it sends to travelling carriage to " particular measurement request " SMS or GPRS information, this wireless terminal is specified the combination of BSIC, BCCH.Then, travelling carriage emission " to the measurement of a terminal " information relevant with the wireless terminal of appointment in the particular measurement solicited message.If know how to calculate the parameter DIR relevant with the server sub-district if the wireless terminal of being considered is server or travelling carriage, then this measurement comprises combination, numerical value RXLEV, RXQUL, NB-cross-correlation, DTR, NB-circulation and the possible parameter relevant with distance of BSIC, the BCCH of wireless terminal.The data of launching between travelling carriage and wireless terminal are encrypted, to keep confidentiality to a certain degree.
This data deficiencies is to calculate the position of travelling carriage, because but the position of wireless terminal comprises not in transmission over networks by the known information of geographic information server.
Travelling carriage is only launched location measurement information under following situation:
-when input during corresponding to the particular telephone number of ground amount location server;
-when " authentication " information of receiving corresponding to position requests; Perhaps
-termly to the server emission information of discerning by this travelling carriage.
In back two kinds of situations, the emission of user's SIM card management position metrical information.Some users can so that travelling carriage can be located termly by location server.Specific SIM Toolkit application program is developed, and handling this possibility, and the holder of SIM card is proposed when mobile platform started and can be positioned.
Can adopt privacy mechanism to prevent unwanted location.For example, the telephonedirectory of various geographic information servers can be stored in SIM card or be stored in the mobile device.
In order to improve confidentiality, user's SIM card can comprise according to the GSM proposed standard and be used for the identical or different encryption key K of encrypted secret key.Travelling carriage is checked the identity of geographic information server.When starting calling, travelling carriage sends to geographic information server to a Code Number RAND.The geographic information server of maintenance user's key K is Accounting Legend Code SRES then, and it is sent in location information request message.When receiving this message, travelling carriage checks that whether code SRES is corresponding to its code as calculated.If like this, then the travelling carriage transmitting site is measured message.If not, then travelling carriage is not launched, and notifies trial that the user done the location but unsuccessful.
Except direct transmitting site was measured message, travelling carriage only can be launched the BSIC of server sub-district, the combination of BCCH.Geographic information server will recover the parameter L AI of the receiving area of identified server sub-district by visitor's location register (VLR) database that consulting covers the zone of sending calling, can find out the parameters C GI of server sub-district and the BSIC of all neighbor cells, the combination of BCCH then, and they are sent to travelling carriage.Then, the precision of travelling carriage information that inspection is launched.
Geographic information server 4 is expert systems, and it is by relative parameter be stored in the most probable position or the band of position that numerical value cross-correlation in its database is estimated travelling carriage.The parameter that is stored in the geographic information server is relevant with fixing geographical position.Geographic information server can be used to estimate that the parameter of the position of travelling carriage is incoming level and quality, distance, the mulitpath between wireless terminal and given place, the motion of travelling carriage and the call duration time overview of sub-district taked by radio wave.
Parameters R XLEV is corresponding to the incoming level of the transmission between server or adjacent wireless terminal and the travelling carriage.Travelling carriage is known downlink parameter RXLEV, and promptly it receives the level from the emission of server or adjacent wireless terminal.Even for the travelling carriage that does not move at given position, parameters R XLEV can be subjected to various variations, mainly be because the variation that decay causes.The result of a plurality of signals that the electric wave of given frequency normally receives with out of phase.
Quality of reception parameter is corresponding to the quality of reception of transmitting between server wireless terminal and wireless terminal that may be adjacent and the travelling carriage.Quality of reception parameter is subjected to various variations once more, mainly is owing to multiplexing identical interference or the decay of wireless frequency cause between the unlike signal of same frequency of other wireless terminal causes.Correspondingly, the number of calls is many more in preset time, then may cause quality of reception variation more.
Distance between travelling carriage and its server wireless terminal is estimated from timing advance TA or from directapath distance D CD.If necessary, if if wireless terminal by synchronously or geographic information server know transmission time compensation RTD for each wireless terminal, then can estimate the distance of adjacent wireless terminal.In this case, geographic information server SIG can calculate the time difference parameter OTD=DIR+RTD that is obtained.Can be to the distance of neighbor cell from formula D=Do+C * (OTD) calculate, wherein Do=operation parameter TA calculated distance or Do=DCD, and C is the light velocity.
Parameter N B-cross-correlation and each place and each sub-district associated corresponding to the number of the BCCH frequency cross-correlation between wireless terminal and the travelling carriage.The numerical value of this parameter depends primarily on the distribution of landform.After being input in the database of geographic information server, this numerical value can calculate with the radio instrument 5 that distributes, and can combine with actual measurement (referring to Fig. 3).Come at numerical value under the situation of automatic network distribution instrument, the correlation of the numerical value that is calculated depends on the quality of digitized landform, and this can improve by actual measurement is compared with the measurement of calculating.
For given calling, the numerical value of parameters R XLEV and the numerical value of most important parameters R XQUAL depend on the number of calling out in server radio station and its neighboring radio platform.Can set up telephone traffic time distribution as the function of place, date and time.Make network operator set up by various operational control center 2 handled statistics for telephone traffic time distribution by geographic information server 4 handled each places.For example, the telephone traffic at the wireless terminal place that covers the football field may become quite big between match period.
Time compartment system 7 (Fig. 4) can join with geographic information server, and the time of telephone traffic distributes when determining about each wireless terminal.The time compartment system can be from the statistics of operational control center or the statistics or the manually statistics information extraction of input of network management center.Date (operating time or weekend), time, Special Day and other incident are depended in time distribution for each wireless terminal.
Geographic information server receives by its calling of launching, and handles with this and call out relevant location parameter.
Owing to be connected with operational control center 2 or network management center 3, therefore geographic information server is known the parameters C GI of server sub-district and the (BSIC of all sub-districts that all are adjacent with the server sub-district, BCCH) corresponding relation of combination and their parameters C GI separately, definite geographical position (the three-dimensional coordinate of each wireless terminal of network, consider the antenna height of wireless terminal), the transmitting power of each wireless terminal of network, the tranmitting frequency of each radio system: GSM 900, the GSM of expansion, DCS (perhaps GSM) 1800, PCS 1900, perhaps any other frequency type, represent the parameter whether frequency hopping whether and EFR (full rate of enhancing) start each wireless terminal, and the definite three-dimensional geographical position of the fixed location of each simulation.Full rate (EFR) option that strengthens is by the transmission quality of improved wireless channel code conversion raising on wireless channel, and this is by standardization.Only note that when travelling carriage can be supported the EFR option EFR option could be called out each and start.The EFR option is similar to frequency hopping and handles like that: frequency is identical, and starts this option and improved the quality on the wireless channel.
Use interface or manual measurement with radio distribution instrument, geographic information server is known the number of path of being taked by the estimation reception of each BCCH frequency that the place received of simulation and quality level and radio wave between wireless terminal and digitlization place.Before calling out travelling carriage, interference, quality incoming level numerical value and estimated number of path are stored in the geographic information server.
The numerical value that geographic information server uses above-mentioned information to come calculated off-line to estimate.But, must consider the restriction of operation, especially depend on the power level of corresponding relation between the radio parameter of network, particularly BSIC, BCCH combination and the CGI, each wireless terminal and whether start frequency hopping for some.
By with the interface of network monitoring apparatus, preferably standardized Q3 interface, geographic information server keep any change of real-time update to parameter, so that consider variation when estimating the position of travelling carriage.Geographic information server is also considered the mode of operation of wireless terminal, particularly under situation about breaking down.Similarly, if the transmitting power of wireless terminal changes, by considering the ratio between the transmitting power of the received power in given place and wireless terminal, it is constant that this ratio is considered to keep, and geographic information server can obtain first about numerical value.
When the receiving position metrical information, the CGI of geographic information server by utilizing server and the CGI of the BSIC of all neighbor cells, all sub-districts that the BCCH combination calculation relates in relaying is measured.
Then, from estimate the most probable zone at travelling carriage place about the information of the cross-correlation number between the adjacent wireless terminal of distance, incoming level, the quality of reception and travelling carriage with each.This estimation is by obtaining according to being compared with the numerical value of storing in the past by the determined rule of expert system.On absolute sense, too many information is relayed to geographic information server.But, because some parameters may incorrect so necessary the correction.Expert system can be abandoned inconsistent parameter and from other calculation of parameter position.
When receiving parameter, inference machine begins to seek advice from and uses the derive position of travelling carriage of the rule of reasoning from logic.Whether be static according to travelling carriage or move and difference by the estimated position of geographic information server.The motion of travelling carriage can be estimated from a plurality of indexes: the change of server wireless terminal, the high-frequency of relaying location measurement information, parameter DTR, or the like.
If travelling carriage does not move, then geographic information server is free calculates accurate more position and can use all its obtainable parameters.
For one group corresponding to this calling can be by the numerical value that geographic information server obtained, that is:
-RXLEX}, corresponding to the place set of the landform of the numerical value RXLEV that is used for the various wireless terminals of considering,
-RXQUAL}, the place set of the landform of the numerical value RXQUAL of the different radio terminal of considering corresponding to being used for, and
-{ distance }, corresponding to the place set of the estimated distance of distance server radio station,
Then, this geographic information server inference rule that follows logic is exemplified below:
Rule 1:
If the logic multiply between above-mentioned three set can be determined a point, then find the position of travelling carriage.
Rule 2:
If set { RXLEV} and { logic multiply of RXQUAL} obtains several points, if and obtain than the place of before having found more away from one group of place of server wireless terminal from the distance that timing advance TA is estimated, then timing advance TA is definitely corresponding to multi-path transmission.Therefore must ignore parameter TA.
Rule 3:
If the parameter relevant with the distance that is provided to geographic information server is directapath distance D CD, should estimate then that beguine was more reliable according to timing advance TA.Geographic information server uses the place corresponding to parameter DCD to begin search, then they place cross-correlation with operation parameter RXLEV and RXQUAL acquisition.
Rule 4:
If wireless terminal is approached in the place of being found, and the latter do not appear in the location measurement information, and then whether this wireless terminal of the interface check of geographic information server utilization and operational control center or network management center starts.If wireless terminal is not activated, then find this position.Otherwise geographic information server sends to travelling carriage to the particular measurement request message, specifies the BSIC of the wireless terminal of being considered, the combination of BCCH.Travelling carriage sends to the wireless terminal of being considered to position measurement message.Then, geographic information server determines whether this calculating is correct.
When travelling carriage moves, not free all its available parameters of using of geographic information server.Geographic information server is estimated the skew index D PT as maximum time of reception difference DTR, to estimate the minimum speed of travelling carriage motion.The geographic information server use is by the identifier (CGI and BSIC, BCCH combination) of the wireless terminal that travelling carriage received and first estimated value that obtains the position of travelling carriage to the distance of server radio station.
If there is not location measurement information to arrive geographic information server, then begin identical position processing for being in static travelling carriage.Otherwise geographic information server is estimated the position of travelling carriage from the difference between the numerical value that is relayed to it.
Employed parameter is the identifier (from their BSIC, BCCH combination calculation) of the identifier CGI of server wireless terminal, adjacent wireless terminal, to the distance of server wireless terminal and the distribution map of geographic information server.Because travelling carriage can not at full speed move except main road and railway, then geographic information server comprises a polar plot, makes it can consider highway and rail route when the estimated position.Geographic information server uses expert system rule.
Following three examples that rule is this rule:
Rule 1:
Under situation about switching between the relaying of two parameter values, geographic information server can be from geographical crosscheck, polar plot, elapsed time between two parameter values of relaying and parameter DPT.If parameter DPT produces at least 40 kilometers/hour mobile station speed estimated value, then the time between twice measurement of relaying is 20 seconds, the circular arc of the distance range between two relaying time mark travelling carriages and two wireless terminals is contiguous, if and had one or more path in the contiguous position of two circular arcs, then this travelling carriage would be positioned at this some place probably.
Rule 2:
According to the speed of the travelling carriage of estimating from parameter DPT, geographic information server is known the highway or the railway path at travelling carriage possibility place.For example, if the speed of estimated travelling carriage is 250 kilometers/hour magnitude, then the user very might be on bullet train, and its path can be discerned by geographic information server.
Rule 3:
If do not have numerical value by relaying in the considerable time section, for example 15 seconds, then geographic information server began the fixed station localization process.
Above-mentioned mobile phone navigation system can be used to broadcast the geography information with respect to sending the definite position of calling out.This information is broadcasted under the agreement of geography information publisher, and only can be obtained by the user of mobile telephone network or the people who buys this service.Broadcasting language can be corresponding to telephone number, and it can be identical in all-network.Geography information can be an any kind: culture, tourism, diet, meteorology, commerce, if or the like geographic information server estimate that different positions may obscure, then it can provide with respect to will perhaps sending " location information request " message to travelling carriage by the note of user-selected diverse location.
Above-mentioned navigation system also is used for navigation or is used for emergency.The Probability Area at travelling carriage place can highlight show on the numerical map of geographic information server.The operator can provide guidance to the user then, perhaps is the information of user's download demonstration, perhaps locatees the source of distress call.Can be with respect to the position of wireless terminal and calculate with respect to the wireless terminal of various mobile radio network.
Telephone communication company can use navigation system that fixing/mobile wherein service is provided, and perhaps specific charge is applied to from the residence near the user and launches the all-calls of coming, and perhaps makes mobile and fixing calling become concentrated.
In these cases, travelling carriage sends to the charging center to " change and measure " message by the service logic wireless channel.Location survey message comprises the date and time, its duration and the mobile subscriber's that call out beginning identify label.If can not launch its message, for example owing to network over loading, then it can be stored to send as quickly as possible.
Travelling carriage only sends " charge and measure " message in dialog procedure under following three kinds of states: incoming call that produces in the zone, residence or exhalation, travelling carriage leave zone, residence, travelling carriage and enter the zone, residence in dialog procedures in dialog procedure.
Under the situation in fixing/mobile set, the travelling carriage that enters user residence near zone sends one by the service logic wireless channel to switching center and switches to fixing message.After this, intelligent network system changes call path, makes travelling carriage and user's fixed station " unite two into one ": sending calling can send from fixed station or from user's travelling carriage, and enters to call out and be notified on fixed station and user's the travelling carriage.Certainly, suppose that GSM standard allows the travelling carriage of any start to carry out to receive in " free time " pattern and measures, travelling carriage does not need notified emission, and this switches to the message of fixed station.
Have a plurality of mobile phones but only have under the situation of a landline telephone in one family, mobile traffic can be concentrated to single fixedly traffic.
When leaving Home Zone, travelling carriage sends " cancellation is transferred to fixing " information to switching center.The effect of this information is with concentrating separately between travelling carriage and the fixed station.
The transmission that switches to the message of fixed station can manually be cancelled.
There are two kinds of different modes to come to start in fixing/mobile set at this at travelling carriage.
First kind of solution is as follows: as everyone of travelling carriage at home the time, it can call server, so that send a position measurement message.Server receives these data and it is compared with the data in its database.If this data consistent, then server sends to travelling carriage to a message, to notify the data of being sent corresponding to its residence.Server also sends the corresponding relation between BSIC, BCCH combination and the cellular global identity of the neighbor cell symbol CGI.The cellular global identity symbol CGI of the sub-district that GSM technical specification 11.11 and 11.14 regulation travelling carriages storage user's travelling carriage obtains at home, their relevant BSIC/BCCH combinations and the incoming level that in user's SIM card, calculates.
Second workaround is to allow cellular global identity symbol CGI, their relevant BSIC/BCCH combination and their estimation incoming levels of the sub-district that data processing server obtains user's travelling carriage at home by service logical channels download to this travelling carriage.GSM technical standard 11.11 and 11.14 regulation travelling carriages are stored the numerical value by data processing server sent in user's SIM card.
When the Frequency Distribution on the mobile network changed, the corresponding relation between the BSIC/BCCH combination that sub-district request identifier CGI is correlated with them changed.In this case, data processing server was loaded in the numerical value described in the leading portion down before carrying out Frequency Distribution, and if the user near its residence, then user's SIM card comprises two groups of calculated values that can be used to calculate.These numerical value will by communication common carrier can with radio distribution instrument calculate.
Similarly, when the transmitting power of the wireless system that covers the user residence changed, data processing server " in real time " was downloaded new correlation reception level.
At last, if near the sub-district the user residence is increased, eliminates or breaks down, then data processing server " in real time " is downloaded new correlation reception level.
Calculate and estimation in order to carry out, if can launch charges measures message, switch to fixed station or cancellation switches to fixed station message, travelling carriage has cellular global identity symbol CGI, relevant BSIC/BCCH combination and the correlation reception level that is used near each sub-district the user residence.In order to make SIM card preserve all cellular global identity symbol CGI is very important, because it is always not identical to be loaded with the sub-district of the calling of sending from the user dwelling.Travelling carriage is only known the cellular global identity symbol of the sub-district that is loaded with this calling and the correlated identities of neighbor cell, that is, and and their BSIC/BCCH combination.
Software on the SIM card of travelling carriage calculates it in the following manner whether near the residence: whether the cellular global identity symbol that its search is loaded with ongoing calling is stored in the SIM card.If for to be, then its by incoming level numerical value that travelling carriage calculated be stored in SIM card in be used for the server sub-district and compare by the numerical value that their BSIC/BCCH makes up the neighbor cell of being discerned.Certainly, SIM card software permissible error tolerance limit is to consider described multiple inexactness.If one group of above value storage is on SIM card, then the software in SIM card uses all numerical value groups to carry out this comparison.
Outside around the residence, travelling carriage do not launch any with fix/mobile set in relevant message.Therefore, only when being near the residence, mobile network user is known their will be positioned " and not recognizing this situation ".

Claims (13)

1.一种用于定位移动电话的系统，该移动电话适合于与由操作控制中心所管理的无线终端的网络的第一无线终端进行通信，该移动电话包括：用于估计至少一个表示与终端相对的位置的参数的装置，以及用于把与所述参数相关的信息通过第一无线终端发送到服务器的装置，并且该服务器包括：用于把与所述参数相关的信息与所述参数的预定映射表相比较并从中推导出移动电话的位置的估计值的装置，其特征在于，信息在移动电话和无线终端之间在服务逻辑信道和业务逻辑信道上传送，与所述参数相关的信息在业务逻辑信道上发送到第一无线终端。1. A system for locating a mobile telephone adapted to communicate with a first wireless terminal of a network of wireless terminals managed by an operations control center, the mobile telephone comprising: means for estimating at least one representative and terminal means for relative location parameters, and means for sending information related to said parameters to a server through the first wireless terminal, and the server includes: for combining information related to said parameters with said parameters Means for comparing predetermined mapping tables and deriving therefrom an estimate of the position of a mobile phone, characterized in that information is transmitted between the mobile phone and the wireless terminal on a service logical channel and a service logical channel, information relating to said parameters sent to the first wireless terminal on a service logical channel. 2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于其中包括用于估计移动台与第一无线终端之间的距离的装置，该距离具有误差容限Δdbm，作为由电波穿越所述距离所需时间的一个函数。2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises means for estimating the distance between the mobile station and the first wireless terminal, the distance having an error tolerance Δd bm as determined by the transmission of the electric wave over said distance a function of time. 3.根据上述任何一项权利要求所述的系统，其特征在于其中包括用于估计从第一无线终端和相邻无线终端接收的电平的装置。3. A system as claimed in any preceding claim, comprising means for estimating the levels received from the first radio terminal and neighboring radio terminals. 4.根据上述任何一项权利要求所述的系统，其特征在于移动台包括用于把由移动台接收来自其它无线终端的发射信号的时间ri与接收来自第一无线终端的发射的时间r相比较并从中推导出接收时间偏移的数值Δri的装置，以及用于把每个时间偏移Δri的数值通过第一无线终端发送到服务器的装置，并且该服务器包括用于估计移动电话与每个其它无线终端之间的距离的装置，该距离作为时间偏移Δri和其它无线终端的发射时间ei与第一无线终端的发射时间e之间的时间偏移Δei的函数。4. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mobile station comprises means for comparing the time ri at which transmissions from other wireless terminals are received by the mobile station with the time r at which transmissions from the first wireless terminal are received means for comparing and deriving therefrom the value Δr i of the reception time offset, and means for sending the value of each time offset Δr i to a server via the first wireless terminal, and the server includes a mobile phone for estimating means the distance from each other wireless terminal as a function of the time offset Δr i and the time offset Δe i between the transmission time ei of the other wireless terminal and the transmission time e of the first wireless terminal. 5.根据上述任何一项权利要求所述的系统，其特征在于其中包括用于通过交叉校验使用至少两个参数所获得的估计位置而确定移动电话的位置的装置。5. A system as claimed in any preceding claim, comprising means for determining the position of the mobile telephone by cross-checking the estimated position obtained using at least two parameters. 6.根据上述任何一项权利要求所述的系统，其特征在于，定位可以在移动台用户的命令下而执行。6. A system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein positioning is performed at the command of the user of the mobile station. 7.根据上述任何一项权利要求所述的系统，其特征在于，服务器可以包括用于把信息发送到用户作为移动电话的位置的一个函数。7. A system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the server may include a function for sending information to the user as the location of the mobile phone. 8.根据上述任何一项权利要求所述的系统，其特征在于，通过线性插值，该映射表可以适合于各种无线终端的发射功率电平。8. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mapping table can be adapted to transmit power levels of various wireless terminals by linear interpolation. 9.根据上述任何一项权利要求所述的系统，其特征在于，该映射表可以重新计算作为有可能改变中继到地理信息服务器的数值的参数变化的一个函数，例如作为在各种无线频率上跳频的启动或不启动的一个函数。9. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mapping table can be recalculated as a function of changes in parameters which may change the values relayed to the geographic information server, for example as A function for enabling or disabling frequency hopping. 10.根据上述任何一项权利要求所述的系统，其特征在于，移动台包括用于把位置数据与以前存储的区域相比较的装置，用于确定计费，位置数据存储在移动台的SIM卡中。10. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mobile station comprises means for comparing the location data with previously stored areas for determining charging, the location data being stored in the SIM of the mobile station stuck. 11.根据权利要求10所述的系统，其特征在于，移动台可以包括用于通过短信息服务发射计费数据的装置。11. A system according to claim 10, characterized in that the mobile station comprises means for transmitting charging data by short message service. 12.根据权利要求11所述的系统，其特征在于，如果呼叫是在以前存储的区域附近发出或接收，如果移动台在呼叫过程中进入或离开所述以前存储的区域，则移动台发射计费数据。12. The system according to claim 11, characterized in that if the call is placed or received near a previously stored area, if the mobile station enters or leaves said previously stored area during the call, the mobile station transmits the fee data. 13.根据权利要求10至12中的任何一项所述的系统，其特征在于，移动台包括用于当所述移动台在以前存储的区域中时发射一个“切换到固定网络”信息的装置，使得呼叫路径改变，从而任何进入的呼叫被通知到固定台和移动台。13. A system according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the mobile station comprises means for transmitting a "handover to fixed network" message when said mobile station is in a previously stored area , causing the call routing to be changed so that any incoming call is notified to both the fixed station and the mobile station.
CN99808462.XA 1998-07-10 1999-07-09 System for locating mobile phones Pending CN1308827A (en)

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