CN1299358A - 杂环拓扑异构酶毒性剂 - Google Patents
杂环拓扑异构酶毒性剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1299358A CN1299358A CN98813818A CN98813818A CN1299358A CN 1299358 A CN1299358 A CN 1299358A CN 98813818 A CN98813818 A CN 98813818A CN 98813818 A CN98813818 A CN 98813818A CN 1299358 A CN1299358 A CN 1299358A
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Abstract
本发明提供式(Ⅰ)化合物以及药学上可接受的该化合物的盐,其中R1~R5取说明书中定义的任意值,和包含该化合物的药用组合物,以及使用该化合物、组合物或盐治疗癌症的方法。
Description
发明背景
DNA-拓扑异构酶存在于细胞核中,它们在这里催化DNA链的裂解和重新聚合,控制DNA的拓扑学状态。新近研究还表明拓扑异构酶在RNA转录时与调节模板超螺旋有关。哺乳动物的拓扑异构酶存在两种主要类型。DNA-拓扑异构酶-Ⅰ通过进行短暂的单链断裂-接合(breakage union)循环而催化双链DNA拓扑学状态的改变。相反,哺乳动物DNA-拓扑异构酶-Ⅱ通过形成短暂的酶桥合的双链缺口,然后使链穿过并重新粘合而改变DNA拓扑状态。哺乳动物拓扑异构酶-Ⅱ已被进一步分为Ⅱα型和Ⅱβ型。与拓扑异构酶毒性剂药物相关的抗肿瘤活性与其稳定酶-DNA可裂解复合体的作用有关。这种药物诱导的酶-DNA可裂复合体的稳定性作用有效地将酶转变成细胞毒物。
数种临床使用的抗肿瘤药具有强烈的哺乳动物拓扑异构酶Ⅱ毒性作用。它们包括阿霉素、放线菌素D、柔红霉素、VP-16、和VM-26(鬼臼噻吩苷或表鬼臼毒素)。
与一定数量的作为拓扑异构酶Ⅱ毒性剂的临床和实验药物不同,目前仅有少数药物已被鉴定为拓扑异构酶Ⅰ毒性剂。喜树碱及其结构相关类似物在研究最深入的拓扑异构酶Ⅰ毒性剂之列。近来,双-和三苯并咪唑(Chen等,癌症研究,1993,53,1332-1335;Sun等,药物化学杂志(J.Med.Chem.),1995,38,3638-3644;Kim等,药物化学杂志,1996,39,992-998),一些苯并[c]菲啶和原小檗碱类及其合成类似物(Makhey等,药物化学研究,1995,5,1-12;Janin等,药物化学杂志,1975,18,708-713;Makhey等,Bioorg.&Med,Chem.,1996,4,781-791),以及真菌代谢物,水胀菌素(bulgarein)(Fujii等,生物化学杂志,1993,268,13160-13165)和Saintopin(Yamashita等,生物化学,1991,30,5838-5845)和吲哚并咔唑(Yamashita等,生物化学,1992,31,12069-12075)已经被鉴定为拓扑异构酶Ⅰ毒性剂。
目前存在着对新的抗肿瘤药物、活性改进的抗肿瘤药物、以及与现有药物相比具有更少副作用或选择性增强的抗肿瘤药物的需求。
本发明概述
本发明提供具有抑制拓扑异构酶-Ⅰ活性的化合物,以及对于癌细胞,包括抗药性癌细胞,是有效的细胞毒性剂的化合物。因而提供为式Ⅰ化合物的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:其中
R1和R2各自独立地为氢、(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C6)环烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、硝基、羟基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、三氟甲氧基、卤代、(C3-C6)环烷基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)链烷酰基、羟基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧羰基、(C1-C6)烷硫基、(C2-C6)链烷酰基氧基、芳基或杂芳基;或R1和R2结合在一起为亚甲二氧基;或R1和R2结合在一起为苯并基;其中任何芳基、杂芳基、或苯并基均可任选被1、2、或3个独立选自一组包括(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C6)环烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、硝基、羟基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、三氟甲氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)链烷酰基、羟基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧羰基、(C1-C6)烷硫基、(C2-C6)链烷酰基氧基、和卤代的取代基取代。
R3为氢、(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C6)环烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、硝基、羟基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、三氟甲氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)链烷酰基、羟基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧羰基、(C1-C6)烷硫基、(C2-C6)链烷酰基氧基、或卤代;以及
R4和R5结合在一起为3、4、或5元饱和或不饱和链,其组成成员选自非过氧化态氧、硫、N(X)和碳,任选被氧取代;其中各X独立不存在或为H、O、(C1-C4)烷基、苯基或苄基;并且其中所述链成员中至少一个(例如1或2个)为N-H基团。
前提是R4和R5不会结合成-N(H)-C(H)=N-。
优选所有的R4和R5碳是饱和(-CH2-)的或不饱和的(=CH-)。
本发明还提供包含式Ⅰ化合物或其药学上可接受的盐与药学上可接受的稀释剂或载体的药用组合物。
本发明还提供一种治疗方法,该方法包括将一定量的有效抑制所述癌细胞的式Ⅰ化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐给予有这种治疗需要的哺乳动物(例如,人)从而抑制癌细胞。
本发明还提供一种抑制癌细胞的方法,该方法包括使一定量的有效抑制所述癌细胞的式Ⅰ化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐接触在体或离体的所述癌细胞,即,抑制其活性,例如其分裂、转移、或增殖活性。
本发明还提供式Ⅰ化合物在药物治疗中的用途(优选在癌症,例如实体瘤治疗中的用途),以及式Ⅰ化合物在制备有益于治疗癌症,例如实体瘤的药物中的用途。
本发明还提供本发明化合物的制备过程以及在本说明书中公开的用于制备本发明化合物的新的中间体。部分式Ⅰ化合物可用于制备其它的式Ⅰ化合物。
图的简述
图1图示本发明化合物(2和3)的合成和化合物4的合成。
图2显示化合物5的结构。
详述
除另有说明外,采用下列定义:卤代是氟代、氯代、溴代、或碘代。烷基、烷氧基等表示直链和支链基团;涉及个别基团如“丙基”时仅包括直链基团,支链异构体如“异丙基”被特别指出。芳基表示苯基或含有9至10个环原子的单边稠合的双环碳环基团,其中至少一个环属于芳香族。杂芳基包括由碳和1至4个杂原子组成、含有5至6个环原子、通过单环芳环中碳原子相连的基团,其杂原子各自选自非过氧化的氧、硫、和N(Y),其中Y不存在或为H、O、(C1-C4)烷基、苯基或苄基,及其衍生的单边稠合的约8至10个环原子的双环杂环基团,特别是苯并衍生物或稠合亚丙基、三亚甲基或四亚甲基的双基团衍生物。
本领域技术人员能够理解,可存在含有手性中心的本发明化合物并且可分离为光学活性和外消旋体形式。部分化合物可能呈现多晶型现象。应该理解本发明包括任何外消旋体的、具旋光性的、多晶形的、或立体异构形式的本发明化合物,或它们的混合物,这些化合物具有本说明书所述的有用特性。本领域熟知如何制备旋光性形式(例如,通过以重结晶技术拆分其外消旋体,通过旋光性起始物进行合成,通过手性合成、或通过采用手性固定相进行层析分离)以及如何采用本说明书所述的标准检测、或采用本领域熟知的类似检测确定其拓扑异构酶毒性活性或细胞毒活性。
下列基团、取代基、和范围的特定和优选的值仅用于说明;它们不排斥基团和取代基的其它定义值或定义范围内的其它值。
具体地,(C1-C6)烷基可以是甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、戊基、3-戊基、或己基;(C3-C6)环烷基可以是环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、或环己基;(C3-C6)环烷基(C1-C6)烷基可以是环丙基甲基、环丁基甲基、环戊基甲基、环己基甲基、2-环丙基乙基、2-环丁基乙基、2-环戊基乙基、或2-环己基乙基;(C1-C6)烷氧基可以是甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、戊氧基、3-戊氧基、或己氧基;(C1-C6)链烷酰基可以是乙酰基、丙酰基或丁酰基;卤代(C1-C6)烷基可以是碘甲基、溴甲基、氯甲基、氟甲基、三氟甲基、2-氯乙基、2-氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、五氟乙基;羟基(C1-C6)烷基可以是羟甲基、1-羟乙基、2-羟乙基、1-羟丙基、2-羟丙基、3-羟丙基、1-羟丁基、4-羟丁基、1-羟戊基、5-羟戊基、1-羟己基、或6-羟己基;(C1-C6)烷氧羰基可以是甲氧基羰基、乙氧基羰基、丙氧基羰基、异丙氧基羰基、丁氧基羰基、戊氧基羰基、或己氧基羰基;(C1-C6)烷硫基可以是甲硫基、乙硫基、丙硫基、异丙硫基、丁硫基、异丁硫基、戊硫基或己硫基;(C2-C6)链烷酰基氧基可以是乙酰氧基、丙酰氧基、丁酰氧基、异丁酰氧基、戊酰氧基、或己酰氧基;芳基可为苯基、茚基、或萘基;而杂芳基可为呋喃基、咪唑基、三唑基、三嗪基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、吡唑基、吡咯基、吡嗪基、四唑基、吡啶基(或其N-氧化物)、噻吩基、嘧啶基(或其N-氧化物)、吲哚基、异喹啉基(或其N-氧化物)或喹啉基(或其N-氧化物)。
特定的R1值是氢、卤代、芳基或杂芳基;其中芳基和杂芳基可任选被1、2、或3个独立选自一组包括(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C6)环烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、硝基、羟基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、三氟甲氧基和卤代的取代基取代。
特定的R2值是氢、卤素、芳基或杂芳基;其中芳基和杂芳基可任选被1、2、或3个独立选自一组包括(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C6)环烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、硝基、羟基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、三氟甲氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)链烷酰基、羟基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-Cx6)烷氧羰基、(C1-C6)烷硫基、(C2-C6)链烷酰基氧基、和卤代的取代基取代。
特别地,R1和R2可结合在一起为亚甲二氧基。
特别地,R1和R2可结合在一起为苯并基,其中苯并基可任选被1、2、或3个独立选自一组包括(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C6)环烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、硝基、羟基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、三氟甲氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)链烷酰基、羟基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧羰基、(C1-C6)烷硫基、(C2-C6)链烷酰基氧基和卤代的取代基取代。
R3的一个特定值是氢。R3的其它特定值为(C1-C6)烷氧基、硝基、羟基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、三氟甲氧基、(C1-C6)链烷酰基、羟基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧羰基、(C1-C6)烷硫基、(C2-C6)链烷酰基氧基或卤代。
特别地,R4和R5可结合在一起为-N(H)-N=N-、-N(H)-N(H)-CH2-、-N(H)-N(H)-CH2-CH2-、-N(H)-CH2-N(H)-、-N(H)-CH=CH-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-CH2-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-N(H)-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-O-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-S-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-CH2-N(H)-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-CH2-S-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-N(H)-CH2-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-S-CH2-、-N(H)-C(=O)-C(=O)-CH2-、-N(H)-C(=O)-C(=O)-N(H)-、-N(H)-C(=O)-C(=O)-O-、-N(H)-C(=O)-C(=O)-S-、-N(H)-C(=O)-CH2-CH2-、-N(H)-CH2-N(H)-C(=O)-、-CH2-S-CH2-N(H)-、-CH2-N(H)-CH2-S-、-CH2-N(H)-CH2-、-CH2-CH2-N(H)-CH2-、-CH2-CH2-CH2-N(H)-CH2-、-CH2-N(H)-CH2-CH2-O-、或-CH2-N(H)-CH2-CH2-S-。
更特别地,R4和R5可结合在一起为-N(H)-N=N-、-N(H)-CH2-N(H)-、-N(H)-CH=CH-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-CH2-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-N(H)-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-O-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-S-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-CH2-N(H)-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-CH2-S-、或-N(H)-C(=O)-C(=O)-N(H)-。
优选R4和R5结合在一起为-N(H)-N=N-、-N(H)-C(=O)-C(=O)-N(H)-、-N(H)-CH=CH-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-CH2-、或-N(H)-CH2-CH2-N(H)-。更优选R4和R5结合在一起合并为-N(H)-N=N-、或-N(H)-C(=O)-C(=O)-N(H)-。
一类优选的式Ⅰ化合物是其中R1和R2不同时为氢的化合物。
式Ⅰ化合物的制备过程通过下列步骤描述,除非另有限定,其中的普通基团的意义与前文给出的相同。
R4和R5一起为-N(H)-N=N-的式Ⅰ化合物可以在酸性条件下以NaNO2处理相应的式Ⅱ中间体而制备。实行这种转变的合适条件在
R4和R5结合在一起为-N(H)-C(=O)-C(=O)-N(H)-的式Ⅰ化合物可以在酸性条件下以草酸处理相应的式Ⅱ化合物而制备。实行这种转变的合适条件在实施例2中叙述。
式Ⅱ中间体是制备式Ⅰ化合物的有用的中间体。
在化合物具有足够的酸或碱性以形成稳定的无毒酸或碱盐时,以该化合物的盐给药是合适的。药学上可接受的盐的实例是与形成生理学上可接受的阴离子的酸形成的有机酸加合盐,例如,甲苯磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙酸盐、柠檬酸盐、丙二酸盐、酒石酸盐、琥珀酸盐、苯甲酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、α-酮戊二酸盐、和α-甘油磷酸盐。也可形成合适的无机盐,包括盐酸盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、碳酸氢盐、和碳酸盐。
可以采用本领域熟知的规范步骤获得药学上可接受的盐,例如使充分碱性的化合物如胺与适当地提供生理学上可接受的阴离子的酸反应。也可制备碱金属(如,钠、钾或锂)或碱土金属(如,钙)的羧酸盐。
可将式Ⅰ化合物配制成药用组合物并在多种形式的给药途径中选择合适的,即,经口或胃肠外、静脉内、肌内、局部或皮下途径给予哺乳动物宿主,如人类患者。
由此,本发明化合物可结合药学上可接受的载体如惰性稀释剂或可吸收的可食载体而系统给药,例如,口服。它们可封装于硬或软明胶胶囊,可压制成片剂,或者直接与患者饮食的食物混合。对于口服治疗给药,该活性化合物可结合一种或一个以上的赋形剂并采用可以摄取的片剂、颊含片、锭剂、胶囊剂、酏剂、悬液、糖浆剂、糯米纸囊剂、以及类似剂型。这种组合物及其制剂应当至少含有0.1%的活性化合物。当然,该组合物和制剂的百分含量是变化的并且可方便地在给定单位剂量制剂的重量的2-60%之间。这种治疗上有益的组合物中的活性化合物的量就是能够获得有效剂量水平的量。
这些片剂、锭剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、和类似剂型还可能含有下列物质:粘合剂如黄耆胶、阿拉伯胶、玉米淀粉或明胶;赋形剂如磷酸二钙;崩解剂如玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、褐藻酸及类似物;润滑剂如硬脂酸镁;和甜味剂如蔗糖、果糖、乳糖或天冬甜素;或矫味剂如薄荷、冬青油、或樱桃香精可以加入。当单位剂型为胶囊剂时,除上述类型的物质以外,其可含有液体载体,如植物油或聚乙二醇。多种其它物质可以作为包衣存在或另外用于改变固体单位剂型的物理形态。例如,片剂、丸剂、胶囊可以用明胶、蜡、虫胶或糖及类似物包衣。糖浆剂或酏剂可以含有活性化合物、作为甜味剂的蔗糖或果糖、作为防腐剂的甲基或丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯、着色剂和矫味剂如樱桃或橙子香精。当然,在任何单位剂型制备中采用的任何物质应当是药学上可接受的并且所采用的量基本上是无毒的。此外,活性化合物可以掺入缓释装置和制剂中。
这些活性化合物还可以通过滴注或注射而静脉内或腹腔内给药。这些活性化合物或其盐的溶液可以用水制备,任选与无毒表面活性剂混合。还可以用甘油、液态聚乙二醇、三醋精、和它们的混合物以及油制备分散液。在常规贮藏和使用条件下,这些制剂中含有防腐剂以防止微生物生长。
适合于注射或滴注的药用剂型可包括无菌水溶液或分散液或含有活性化合物的无菌粉末,其适合于临时制备可注射或可滴注的无菌溶液或分散液,任选以脂质体包封。总之,其最终剂型在生产和贮存条件下应当是无菌、流动和稳定的。这些液体载体或溶媒可以是溶剂或液体分散介质,包括,例如,水、乙醇、多元醇(如,甘油、丙二醇、液态聚乙二醇、和类似物)、植物油、无毒甘油酯、和它们的合适的混合物。适当的流动性可以,例如,通过形成脂质体、通过保持分散液中的所需颗粒大小或者通过采用表面活性剂而保持。预防微生物作用可以通过各种抗菌素和抗真菌剂,例如,对羟基苯甲酸酯、氯丁醇、苯酚、山梨酸、硫柳汞、和类似物而实现。在很多情况下,优选含有等渗剂,例如,糖、缓冲剂或氯化钠。在组合物中采用延缓吸收剂,例如,单硬脂酸铝和明胶能够实现可注射的组合物的缓慢吸收。
无菌注射溶液的制备是通过将所需量的适当溶剂中的活性化合物与所需的前文列举的多种其它成分混合,继而过滤灭菌。对于制备无菌注射溶液的无菌粉剂,优选的制备方法是真空干燥和冷冻干燥技术,由此得到存在于预先无菌过滤溶液中的活性成分和所需的其它成分的粉末。
对于局部用药,本发明化合物可以纯品形式应用,即,当它们是液体时。然而,通常希望它们与皮肤学上可接受的固体或液体的载体结合,以组合物或制剂对皮肤用药。
有用的固体载体包括精细分散固体如滑石粉、粘土、微晶纤维素、二氧化硅、氧化铝和类似物。有用的液体载体包括水、乙醇或甘油或水-乙醇/甘油混合物,其中本发明化合物能够以有效水平溶解或扩散,任选辅以无毒表面活性剂。可加入辅助剂如香料和其它抗菌药以优化特定用途的性质。最终的液体组合物可应用于吸附垫,用于浸润绷带和其他敷料,或采用泵型或气溶胶喷雾器将其喷洒到感染部位。
增稠剂如合成聚合物、脂肪酸、脂肪酸盐和酯、脂肪醇、改性纤维素或改性矿物质可与液体载体一起使用以形成可涂布的糊剂、凝胶剂、软膏、药皂等,而直接应用于使用者的皮肤。
可以用于将式Ⅰ化合物传递到皮肤的有用的皮肤病组合物的实例对于本领域中是已知的;例见Jacquet等(美国专利No.4,608,392)、Geria(美国专利No.4,992,478)、Smith等(美国专利No.4,559,157)、和Wortzman(美国专利No.4,820,508)。
式Ⅰ化合物的有效剂量可通过比较它们在动物模型中的离体、和在体活性决定。从小鼠、以及其它动物有效剂量外推到人体的方法是本领域已知的;例见美国专利号4,938,949。
一般地,这些式Ⅰ化合物在液体组合物,如洗液中的浓度将为约0.1-25%(重量),优选约为0.5-10%(重量)。在半固体或固体组合物如凝胶剂或粉剂中的浓度将为约0.1-5%(重量),优选约为0.5-2.5%(重量)。
应用于治疗的所需化合物、或其活性盐或它们的衍生物的量不仅随选择的具体盐,还随给药途径、受治疗的疾病性质以及患者的年龄和状况而变化,并且最终由护理医师或医生决定。
然而,在一般情况下,合适的剂量范围是约0.5至约100mg/kg,例如,从约10至约75mg/kg体重每天,如用药者每千克体重每天3至约50mg,优选范围是6-90mg/kg/天,最优选的范围是15-60mg/kg/天。
这些化合物以单位剂量制剂用药较方便,例如,含5-1000mg,而10-75mg较方便,每粒含50-500mg活性成份的单位剂型最方便。
理想条件下,这些活性化合物给药后应达到的活性化合物的血浆峰浓度是约0.5至约75μM,优选1至50μM,最优选的是约2至约30μM。例如,通过静脉注射0.05-5%的活性成分溶液(任选在生理盐水中),或口服含有1-100mg活性成分的丸剂而达到这个要求。通过连续滴注给予约0.01-5.0mg/kg/小时或间歇滴注含约0.4-15mg/kg的活性成分可保持所需的血药水平。
必需剂量以单剂量或以适当间歇用药的分剂量存在时较方便,例如,每天给予两、三、四或更多次的分剂量。这些分剂量本身可进一步分为,例如,数次间歇不严的不连续给药;例如从吸入器中多次吸入或应用滴眼剂多次滴眼。
本发明化合物对拓扑异构酶Ⅰ介导的DNA裂解的影响能力可采用本领域中已知的药理学模型测定,例如,采用类似下述实验A的模型。
实验A拓扑异构酶Ⅰ裂解分析
采用重组拓扑异构酶Ⅰ的裂解分析法评价本发明的代表性化合物。该分析法按照B.Gatto等,癌症研究,1996,56,2795~2800的叙述进行。分离采用T7表达系统的作为重组融合蛋白的人拓扑异构酶Ⅰ。以碱溶解方法继而以苯酚除蛋白并按Maniatis,T.,Fritsch,E.F.,Sambrook,分子克隆杂志--实验室手册,Cold Spring HarborLaboratory:Cold Spring Harbor,纽约,1982;149-185页的叙述进行CsCl/乙啶等密度离心法纯化YEpG质粒。质粒末端标记的进行是以限制酶消化继而根据先前Liu,L.F.,Rowe,T.C.,Yang,L.,Tewey,K.M.,Chen,G.L.用哺乳动物拓扑异构酶Ⅱ裂解DNA,生物化学杂志,1983,258,15365页的叙述以Klenow聚合酶进行末端填补。连续4天接触药物后计算IC50值。拓扑异构酶Ⅰ裂解值以REC,相对药效浓度(即,相对于化合物5的浓度,后者的值设定为1)表示,即在人拓扑异构酶Ⅰ存在下能够对质粒DNA产生相同裂解。
本发明化合物的细胞毒作用可采用本领域中熟知的药理学模型测定,例如,采用类似下述实验B的模型。
实验B细胞毒性分析
细胞毒性采用MTT-微量滴定板四唑嗡细胞毒检测法(MTA)测定(见Chen A.Y.等,癌症研究,1993,53,1332;Mosmann,T.J.,免疫学方法杂志,1983,65,55;和Carmichael,J.等,癌症研究,1987,47,936)。人淋巴母细胞RPMI 8402及其喜树碱抗性变异细胞系,CPT-K5由Toshiwo Andoh博士(Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute,Nagoya,日本)提供(见Andoh,T.,Okada,K.,拓扑异构酶Ⅰ药物的抗药性机理,药理学进展,1994,29B,93)。采用96孔微量滴定板进行细胞毒性分析。细胞在37℃下和5%CO2中的悬液中生长并以定期更换的补充有10%热灭活的胎牛血清、L-谷酰胺(2mM)、青霉素(100U/mL)、和链霉素(0.1mg/mL)的RPMI培养基保存。对于IC50测定,细胞连续接触不同浓度的药物并于第4天末进行MTT检测。
得自实验A和实验B的本发明的代表性化合物的数据见表1。表1本发明化合物的药理学活性拓扑异构酶Ⅰ介 细胞毒性IC50(μM)化合物 导的DNA裂解b RPMI CPK-K5
5 | 1 | 0.09 | 0.70 |
2 | 1 | 0.47 | 0.47 |
3 | 1 | 2.3 | 21 |
4 | - | 20 | >20 |
式Ⅰ化合物是强烈的拓扑异构酶Ⅰ毒性剂。此外,式Ⅰ化合物表现出对RPMI 8402癌细胞以及喜树碱抗性的CPT-K5细胞的细胞毒活性。因此,式Ⅰ化合物对于治疗癌症,尤其是哺乳动物实体瘤或血液学恶性肿瘤是有用的细胞毒药物。本发明化合物对于拓扑异构酶功能和活性的体外及在体研究也是有用的药理学工具。
比较化合物2和3的数据与化合物4的数据提示,当R4和R5结合在一起为一条包括H-结合功能度(例如,N-H)的链时,其拓扑异构酶毒性活性和细胞毒活性增加。因此,本发明提供其R4和R5结合在一起为包括至少一个N-H基团的链的式Ⅰ化合物。
本说明书中所用的术语“哺乳动物实体瘤”包括头颈部、肺、间皮、纵隔、食管、胃、胰脏、肝胆管系统、小肠、结肠、直肠、肛门、肾脏、膀胱、前列腺、尿道、阴茎、睾丸、妇科器官、卵巢、乳房、内分泌系统、皮肤中枢神经系统的肿瘤;软组织和骨肉癌;以及皮肤和眼内原位(origin)黑色素瘤。术语“血液学恶性肿瘤”包括少年白血病和淋巴瘤、阿杰金氏病、淋巴细胞和皮肤原位性淋巴瘤、急性和慢性白血病、血浆细胞瘤和与爱滋病相关的肿瘤。优选治疗的哺乳动物种类是人和家畜。
现以下列非限制性实施例说明本发明,除另有说明外:熔点由Thomas-Hoover Unimelt毛细管熔点仪测定;柱层析指在SiliThch 32-63μm(ICN Biomedicals,Eschwegge,德国)上采用指定溶剂系统进行的快速柱层析;红外光谱数据(IR)由Perkin-Elmer 1600傅立叶转换分光光度仪测得并以cm-1表示;质子(1H NMR)和碳(13C NMR)核磁共振由Varian Gemini-200傅立叶转换光谱仪记录;重水溶剂中记录的核磁共振谱(200MHZ1H和50 MHZ13C)以自四甲基硅烷(TMS)向低场的化学位移(以δ单位表示)表示;耦合系数以赫兹(Hz)表示;质谱得自密苏里州圣路易斯的华盛顿大学化学系的生物化学和生物有机质谱的华盛顿大学资料库;而燃烧分析由佐治亚州Norcross的AtlanticMicrolabs公司进行并且在理论值的±0.4%范围内。
实施例
实施例1 5-苯基-2’-(苯并三唑-5-基)-双苯并咪唑(2)
将5-苯基-2-[2’-(3,4-氨基苯基)苯并咪唑-5’基]苯并咪唑(1),(58mg,0.14mmol)溶解于0.1N HCl。将此溶液置于冰浴中并保持反应温度低于10℃。逐滴加入溶于5mL水中的NaNO2(10.2mg)。将该反应混合物搅拌15分钟,以0.1N KOH中和,以乙酸乙酯抽提,并以10%甲醇∶乙酸乙酯为洗脱液,将所得物质通过色谱层析纯化,获得的暗棕色固体的标题化合物,因其具有光敏活性而需立即保存于琥珀瓶中;42mg(71%);mp>280℃;IR(KBr)3385,3128,3056,1626,1431,1287;UV(MeOH)340,245,230nm(logε=4.59,4.59,4.59);1HNMR(DMSO-d6+3滴CF3COOH)δ7.47-7.61(m,3H),7.79-8.07(m,6H),8.15-8.19(m,2H),8.40(d,1H,J=9.0),8.63(s,1H),8.67(s,1H);13CNMR(DMSO-d6+3滴CF3COOH)δ107.4,111.7,114.1,114.6,115.9,116.3,117.8,122.3,123.2,125.5,125.6,126.6,128.0,129.2,129.5,131.9,133.2,134.7,138.7,139.8,141.4,147.1,150.7,154.3;C26H17N7(MH+)的HRMS(FAB)计算值428.1624,实测值428.1622。
中间体5-苯基-2-[2’-(3,4-氨基苯基)苯并咪唑-5’基]苯并咪唑的制备如下。
a.5-苯基-2-[2’-(3,4-氨基苯基)苯并咪唑-5’基]苯并咪唑
将5-苯基-2-[2’-(3,4-二硝基苯基)苯并咪唑-5’基]苯并咪唑(75mg,0.16mmol)的乙酸乙酯(50mL)溶液以10%Pd/C(15mg)通过氢化反应还原90分钟。得到的溶液通过硅藻土床并除去乙酸乙酯给出二胺1,其不经过进一步纯化而使用。
起始物5-苯基-2-[2’-(3,4-二硝基苯基)苯并咪唑-5’基]苯并咪唑的制备如J.S.Kim等,药物化学杂志,1997,40,2818-2824页的叙述。
实施例2 5-苯基-2’-(喹喔啉-6-基)-双苯并咪唑(3)
将双胺1(55mg,0.13mmol)溶解于水(4mL)中并加热至70℃。将乙二醛-2NaHS03(50mg,0.13mmol)溶解于热水(80℃,3mL)中并缓慢加入到二胺中(如Jones,R.G.,McLaughlin,K.C.,2,3-吡嗪二羧酸,有机合成,1950,30,86页的叙述)。15分钟后,将该反应混合物冷却至室温并加入Na2CO3。用乙醚抽提接着以10%甲醇∶乙酸乙酯为洗脱液进行层析分离给出黄色固体的标题化合物;38mg(67%);mp 235℃;IR(KBr)3385,3169,1624,1554,1431,1297;UV(MeOH)360,255,220nm(logε=4.52,4.65,4.59);1HNMR(DMSO-d6+3滴CF3COOH)δ7.46-7.61(m,3H),7.80(d,2H,J=8.0),7.89-8.26(m,5H),8.36(d,1H,J=9.0),8.69-8.78(m,2H),9.04-9.10(m,3H);13CNMR(DMSO-d6+3滴CF3COOH)δ111.7,114.6,116.5,116.6,117.9,123.5,123.9,125.6,127.5,128.1,128.2,128.3,128.6,130.6,131.6,132.9,138.9,139.1,139.7,142.5,143.7,143.8,147.3,150.5,153.1;C28H19N6(MH+)的HRMS(FAB)计算值439.1671,实测值439.1677。
实施例3 5-苯基-2’-(喹喔啉二酮-6-基)-双苯并咪唑(4)
将双胺1(40mg,0.096mmol)和草酸(20mg,0.22mmol)的4N HCl溶液回流过夜(如Ohmori,J.等,药物化学杂志,1996,39,1331-1338页的叙述)。室温下静置,棕色固体的标题化合物从反应混合液中沉淀出来;15mg(33%);mp>280℃;IR(KBr)3339,3217,2845,1623,1578,1506,1469,1272;1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ6.96(d,1H,J=9.0),7.41-7.60(m,4H),7.77-8.00(m,7H),8.32(d,1H,J=9.0);8.57(s,1H),13CNMR(DMSO-d6+3滴CF3COOH)δ106.5,107.4,111.7,114.1,114.7,115.2,116.7,119.5,122.3,124.7,125.7,127.5,128.2,129.4,131.9,133.2,138.8,139.7,139.8,149.7,152.7,158.2;C28H19N6O2(MH+)的HRMS(FAB)计算值471.1569,实测值471.1584。
实施例4下文说明用于人体治疗或预防的含有式Ⅰ化合物(“化合物X”)的代表性药物剂型。(ⅰ)片剂1 mg/片“化合物X” 100.0乳糖 77.5聚乙烯吡啶酮 15.0交联羧甲基纤维素钠 12.0微晶纤维素 92.5硬脂酸镁 3.0
300.0(ⅱ)片剂2 mg/片“化合物X” 20.0微晶纤维素 410.0淀粉 50.0羟乙酸淀粉钠 15.0硬脂酸镁 5.0
500.0(ⅲ)胶囊 mg/粒“化合物X” 10.0胶体二氧化硅 1.5乳糖 465.5预凝胶化淀粉 120.0硬脂酸镁 3.0
600.0(ⅳ)注射剂1(1mg/mL) mg/mL“化合物X”(游离酸形式) 1.0磷酸氢二钠 12.0磷酸氢钠 0.7氯化钠 4.51.0N氢氧化钠溶液(调pH至7.0-7.5) 适量注射用水 适量加至1mL(ⅴ)注射剂2(10mg/mL) mg/mL“化合物X”(游离酸形式) 10.0磷酸氢钠 0.3磷酸氢二钠 1.1聚乙二醇400 200.00.1N氢氧化钠溶液(调pH至7.0-7.5) 适量注射用水 适量加至1mL(ⅵ)气溶胶 mg/罐“化合物X” 20.0油酸 10.0三氯一氟甲烷 5000.0二氯二氟甲烷 10000.0二氯四氟乙烷 5000.0上述制剂可由药学领域中熟知的常规步骤获得。
本发明的描述已涉及多种具体的和优选的实施方案和技术。然而,应当理解在保留本发明的精神和在本发明范围内可以有很多的变化和修正。
Claims (22)
R1和R2各自独立地为氢、(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C6)环烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、硝基、羟基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、三氟甲氧基、卤代、(C3-C6)环烷基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)链烷酰基、羟基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧羰基、(C1-C6)烷硫基、(C2-C6)链烷酰基氧基、芳基或杂芳基;或R1和R2结合在一起为亚甲二氧基;或R1和R2结合在一起为苯并基;其中任一芳基、杂芳基、或苯并基均可任选被1、2、或3个独立选自一组包括(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C6)环烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、硝基、羟基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、三氟甲氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)链烷酰基、羟基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧羰基、(C1-C6)烷硫基、(C2-C6)链烷酰基氧基和卤代的取代基取代。
R3为氢、(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C6)环烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、硝基、羟基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、三氟甲氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)链烷酰基、羟基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧羰基、(C1-C6)烷硫基、(C2-C6)链烷酰基氧基、或卤代;以及
R4和R5结合在一起为由选自包括非过氧化态氧、硫、N(X)、和碳的一组成员组成的3、4、或5元饱和或不饱和链,任选被氧取代;其中每个X不存在或者为H、O、(C1-C4)烷基、苯基或苄基;并且所述链成员中至少一个(例如1或2个)为N-H基团。
前提是R4和R5不结合为-N(H)-C(H)=N-。
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中R1为氢、卤代、芳基或杂芳基;其中任何芳基或杂芳基均可任选被1、2、或3个独立选自一组包括(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C6)环烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、硝基、羟基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、三氟甲氧基以及卤代的取代基取代。
3.权利要求1的化合物,其中R2为氢、卤代、芳基或杂芳基;其中任何芳基或杂芳基可任选被1、2、或3个独立选自一组包括(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C6)环烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、硝基、羟基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、三氟甲氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)链烷酰基、羟基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧羰基、(C1-C6)烷硫基、(C2-C6)链烷酰基氧基和卤代的取代基取代。
4.权利要求1的化合物,其中R1和R2结合在一起为亚甲二氧基。
5.权利要求1的化合物,其中R1和R2结合在一起为苯并基,该苯并基任选被1、2、或3个独立选自一组包括(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C6)环烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、硝基、羟基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、三氟甲氧基、(C3-C6)环烷基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)链烷酰基、羟基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧羰基、(C1-C6)烷硫基、(C2-C6)链烷酰基氧基和卤代的取代基取代。
6.权利要求1的化合物,其中R3为氢。
7.权利要求1的化合物,其中R3为(C1-C6)烷氧基、硝基、羟基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、三氟甲氧基、(C1-C6)链烷酰基、羟基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧羰基、(C1-C6)烷硫基、(C2-C6)链烷酰基氧基或卤代。
8.权利要求1的化合物,其中R4和R5结合在一起为-N(H)-N=N-、-N(H)-N(H)-CH2-、-N(H)-N(H)-CH2-CH2-、-N(H)-CH2-N(H)-、-N(H)-CH=CH-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-CH2-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-N(H)-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-O-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-S-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-CH2-N(H)-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-CH2-S-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-N(H)-CH2-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-S-CH2-、-N(H)-C(=O)-C(=O)-CH2-、-N(H)-C(=O)-C(=O)-N(H)-、-N(H)-C(=O)-C(=O)-O-、-N(H)-C(=O)-C(=O)-S-、-N(H)-C(=O)-CH2-CH2-、-N(H)-CH2-N(H)-C(=O)-、-CH2-S-CH2-N(H)-、-CH2-N(H)-CH2-S-、-CH2-N(H)-CH2-、-CH2-CH2-N(H)-CH2-、-CH2-CH2-CH2-N(H)-CH2-、-CH2-N(H)-CH2-CH2-O-、或-CH2-N(H)-CH2-CH2-S-。
9.权利要求1的化合物,其中R4和R5结合在一起为-N(H)-N=N-、-N(H)-CH2-N(H)-、-N(H)-CH=CH-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-CH2-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-N(H)-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-O-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-S-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-CH2-N(H)-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-CH2-S-、或-N(H)-C(=O)-C(=O)-N(H)-。
10.权利要求1的化合物,其中R4和R5结合在一起为-N(H)-N=N-、-N(H)-C(=O)-C(=O)-N(H)-、-N(H)-CH=CH-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-、-N(H)-CH2-CH2-CH2-或-N(H)-CH2-CH2-N(H)-。
11.权利要求1的化合物,其中R4和R5结合在一起为-N(H)-N=N-或-N(H)-C(=O)-C(=O)-N(H)-。
12.权利要求1的化合物,其中R1和R2不同时为氢。
13.权利要求1的化合物,其中R1和R2各自独立为卤代。
14.权利要求1的化合物,其中R1和R2各自为溴代。
15.含有与药学上可接受的稀释剂或载体混合的权利要求1-14中任何一项的化合物的药用组合物。
16.一种治疗方法,该方法包括通过对有此种治疗需要的哺乳动物给予一定量的、有效抑制所述癌细胞的式Ⅰ化合物而抑制癌细胞。
17.一种抑制癌细胞的方法,该方法包括以有效量的式Ⅰ化合物接触所述癌细胞。
18.权利要求1-14中任何一项的化合物在药物治疗中的用途。
19.权利要求18的化合物,其中所述药物治疗是治疗癌症。
20.权利要求19的化合物,其中所述癌症是实体瘤。
21.权利要求1-14中任何一项的化合物在制备用于治疗癌症的药物中的用途。
22.权利要求21的用途,其中所述癌症是实体瘤。
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KR20060054410A (ko) * | 2003-08-01 | 2006-05-22 | 제네랩스 테크놀로지스, 인코포레이티드 | 플라비비리다에에 대한 2고리 이미다졸 유도체 |
KR20070098914A (ko) * | 2005-01-14 | 2007-10-05 | 제네랩스 테크놀로지스, 인코포레이티드 | 바이러스 감염을 치료하기 위한 인돌 유도체 |
US7998974B2 (en) | 2005-03-03 | 2011-08-16 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Fused heterocyclic compounds and their use as sirtuin modulators |
US8088928B2 (en) | 2005-08-04 | 2012-01-03 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Sirtuin modulating compounds |
US8093401B2 (en) | 2005-08-04 | 2012-01-10 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Sirtuin modulating compounds |
EP1909910A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 | 2008-04-16 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Benzimidazole derivatives as sirtuin modulators |
US7855289B2 (en) | 2005-08-04 | 2010-12-21 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Sirtuin modulating compounds |
WO2008073451A2 (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-06-19 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Benzoimidazole derivatives as sirtuin (sir) modulating compounds |
CL2008001822A1 (es) | 2007-06-20 | 2009-03-13 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals Inc | Compuestos derivados de tiazolo[5,4-b]piridina; composicion farmaceutica que comprende a dichos compuestos; y uso del compuesto en el tratamiento de la resistencia a la insulina, sindrome metabolico, diabetes, entre otras. |
BRPI0922435A2 (pt) | 2008-12-19 | 2018-09-11 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals Inc | "composto de tiazolopiridina moduladores de sirtuina, composição farmacêutica compreendendo o mesmo e seu uso." |
AU2016267606B2 (en) | 2015-05-28 | 2022-04-14 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | 2-substituted imidazole and benzimidazole corrosion inhibitors |
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US2985661A (en) | 1956-02-06 | 1961-05-23 | American Cyanamid Co | Preparation of 2(omicron-aminophenyl)-benzimidazole |
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US6995154B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 |
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