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CN1294774C - 移动通信系统的基于超文本传输协议的视频流设备和方法 - Google Patents

移动通信系统的基于超文本传输协议的视频流设备和方法 Download PDF

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CN1294774C
CN1294774C CNB2003101047295A CN200310104729A CN1294774C CN 1294774 C CN1294774 C CN 1294774C CN B2003101047295 A CNB2003101047295 A CN B2003101047295A CN 200310104729 A CN200310104729 A CN 200310104729A CN 1294774 C CN1294774 C CN 1294774C
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CN1551643A (zh
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徐光德
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LG Electronics Inc
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于移动通信系统的基于HTTP的视频流设备和方法。其包括：存储器，例如存储磁盘，存储从传输方服务器接收到的内容文件，随机访问搜索单元，其在存储器中查找随机访问点，并且如果随机访问点不存在于存储器中则发送内容文件请求消息到传输服务器，以及显示单元，其从随机访问点显示文件。因此，当流已经开始时，能够提供用户所要求的从随机访问点开始的HTTP流服务，并且即使用户所要求的部分尚未被传输到接收方时，也能够支持随机访问功能。

Description

移动通信系统的基于超文本传输协议的视频流设备和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于超文本传输协议(HTTP)的视频流设备和方法，更具体地说，涉及一种在提供基于HTTP的视频流服务的移动通信系统中，支持随机访问的基于HTTP的视频流设备和方法。
背景技术
通常移动通信系统中的视频点播(VOD)是一个从服务器接收用户期望的内容信息的业务，并在移动通信终端上播放这些信息。VOD可以用基于HTTP的下载方法和基于RTP的流方法实现。
基于HTTP的下载方法在终端下载完所有的内容信息后播放内容信息，以提供高质量的多媒体服务。然而，基于HTTP的方法需要用户等待一段时间，以便完全下载内容。而且，终端为了完全下载内容需要大量的存储空间。
另一方面，基于实时协议(RTP)的流方法在缓冲至少一部分内容一预定的初始延迟时间之后，就播放接收到的内容。用户因此能够实时地接收和观看内容。然而，内容的显示质量由于传输带宽方面的限制而受到限制，而且一些数据可能由于传输环境而遭到破坏。
基于HTTP的流方法结合了基于HTTP的下载方法和基于RTP的流方法二者的优点。
图1是说明现有技术的基于HTTP的流设备的附图。该设备包括存储磁盘10，用于存储从服务器(未给出)传输的内容文件，和显示单元12，用于通过使用解码器11解码存储磁盘10上的内容文件而显示它们，以便用户能够观看内容。该设备进一步包括随机访问搜索单元13，用于在存储磁盘10所存储的内容文件中搜索用户请求的随机访问点。
随机访问搜索单元13识别出用户要求的随机访问点是否存在于存储磁盘10上的内容文件中，如果这个点在内容文件中存在就从该点解码并播放。
存储磁盘10和解码器11之间，解码器11和显示单元12之间，随机访问搜索单元13和存储磁盘10之间画出的实线表示用于产生HTTP流服务的信号流，而虚线表示当用户要求随机访问时产生的信号流。
下面将描述现有技术的基于HTTP的流设备的操作。首先，将从传输服务器传输来的传输控制协议(TCP)分组通过缓冲区由接收方存储在存储磁盘10上。存储磁盘10以文件形式把接收到的分组存储一预定的时间周期。然后解码存储预定的延迟时间的文件，并在显示单元12上播放，以使用户能够观看它们。同时，当显示存储的文件时，存储磁盘10不断地从传输方服务器接收并存储该分组。
当用户需要随机访问时，随机访问搜索单元13查找存储在存储磁盘10上的文件，以确定存储在存储磁盘10上的文件是否包括随机访问点。如果随机访问点在文件中，则从该点解码该文件并在显示单元12上显示。反之，如果所要求的随机访问点不在该文件中，则不支持该随机访问功能。
现有技术的基于HTTP的流方法存在各种问题。例如，对于该观点中的基于HTTP的下载方法，用于传输内容的端口和数据频道被设置使用HTTP，并且使用TCP传输实际的内容分组。然而，基于HTTP的流方法在缓冲它们一段预定的延迟时间后，解码并播放接收到的TCP分组，这不同于基于HTTP的下载方法，在该方法中在从传输方的服务器传输整个文件到接收方后，内容文件才被播放。
因此，基于HTTP的流方法有一个缺点，其随机访问功能的效用被缩减到比基于RTP的流方法还弱。
另外，现有技术基于HTTP的流方法只能对传输到接收方后存储在存储磁盘上的内容文件执行随机访问功能。也就是说，为了让用户识别某些内容，某个内容文件必须已经被存储在接收方的存储磁盘上。
因此，根据现有技术的基于HTTP的流方法，当流开始后，即使用户希望从某个多媒体内容点接收信息，也无法做到从该点传输。
而且，根据现有技术基于HTTP的流方法，如果流服务中间出现随机访问要求，如果相应的内容没有存储在接收方的存储磁盘上，就不能支持满足上述要求的随机访问功能。
上述内容被引用在适合于附加或备选细节、特征和/或技术背景的适当教导的位置作为参照。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于解决至少上述的问题和/或缺点，并提供至少下文中描述的优点。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种基于HTTP的视频流设备和方法，该设备和方法能够支持移动终端中象基于RTP的流方法一样的随机访问功能。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种基于HTTP的视频流设备和方法，该设备和方法即使在流的初始阶段也能够支持由用户要求的来自随机访问点的随机访问功能。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种基于HTTP的视频流设备和方法，该设备和方法即使在用户随机要求访问的部分还没有传输到存储器中时也能够支持随机访问功能。
为了整体或部分实现至少这些目的，在此提供一种移动通信系统中的基于HTTP的视频流设备，它包括：存储磁盘，用于存储从传输方服务器接收到的内容文件；随机访问搜索单元，用于在存储磁盘上查找随机访问点，并且如果随机访问点在存储磁盘上不存在时，向传输服务器传输内容文件请求信息；所述传输服务器基于随机访问搜索单元请求的随机访问点配置新的数据流，文件从用户请求的随机访问点被传输到接收方的存储器；和显示单元，用于播放存储磁盘上的来自随机访问点的文件。
为了进一步整体或部分地实现至少以上目的，在此提供一种用于移动通信系统中的基于HTTP的视频流方法，该方法包括：当用户要求的随机访问点不在存储磁盘上时请求内容文件的步骤；接收基于随机访问点而重新配置的数据流的步骤；基于随机访问点重新配置所述数据流；以及从用户请求的随机访问点传输文件到接收方的存储器；和播放接收到的内容文件的步骤。
为了进一步整体或部分地实现至少上述目的，在此提供一种基于HTTP的视频流方法，该方法包括：由传输方的服务器接收来自随机访问搜索单元的随机访问要求的步骤；在服务器上存储的内容文件中查找随机访问点的步骤；根据随机访问点的屏幕类型重新配置数据流，并保持随机访问点和数据传输起始点一致的步骤；以及传输重新配置的数据流的步骤。
本发明的附加优点、目的和特征在接下来的描述中陈述，并且在对下列内容检验的基础上，或者从本发明的实践的了解，其特征对本领域普通技术人员来说将是显而易见的。本发明的目的和优点可按所附权利要求中具体指出的那样实现和获得。
附图说明
将参照如下附图详细描述本发明，附图中相同的数字标号表示相同的部件，其中：
图1是示出根据现有技术的基于HTTP的流设备的配置的图；
图2是示出了根据本发明的优选实施例的用于移动通信系统中的基于HTTP的视频流设备的配置的图；
图3是示出了一般MP4文件的数据流结构；
图4是示出了由文件分片过程使用的MP4文件的数据流结构；
图5是示出了根据本发明的优选实施例的用于移动通信系统的基于HTTP的视频流的方法的流程图；
图6示出了通过应用移动通信系统中的基于HTTP的视频流方法的本发明的第一个实施例；和
图7是示出了通过应用移动通信系统中的基于HTTP的视频流方法的本发明的第二个实施例。
具体实施方式
现在详细参照本发明的优选实施例，其例子在附图中示出。
根据本发明的移动通信系统中的基于HTTP的视频流设备和方法的优选实施例，即使在现有技术基于HTTP的流方法不支持的环境中也能够支持随机访问功能。例如，当流已经开始，并且在随机访问要求的数据还没有存储到存储器中时也能够支持随机访问功能。
图2说明了根据本发明的优选实施例的用于移动通信系统中的基于HTTP的视频流设备。如其中所示，基于HTTP的视频流设备最好包括存储器21，如存储磁盘，用于存储从传输服务器20接收到的内容文件，或它的一部分。优选的，它还包括随机访问搜索单元22，用于在存储器21上存储的内容文件中查找用户要求的随机访问点，并且如果对应的请求点在存储的内容文件中不存在，则同时从传输服务器20请求该内容文件。优选的，该设备进一步包括解码器23，用于解码由用户要求的来自随机访问点的文件，和显示单元24，用于显示该解码的文件。
随机访问搜索单元22支持随机访问功能，这样当流开始后仍能够从用户要求的随机访问点开始，以及如果用户要求的随机访问点尚未存储在存储器21中，则也向传输服务器20传输内容文件请求消息。
在图2中，实线表示一般HTTP流服务的信号流，而虚线表示只有当用户要求随机访问时才产生的信号流。
存储在传输服务器20上的内容文件的配置优选地应当根据基于HTTP的视频流设备的优选实施例而改变，使得当流开始后需要随机访问而随机访问需要的数据尚未存储在存储器21中时仍支持随机访问功能。特别地，存储在传输服务器20上的内容文件优选地是MP4(MPEG-4)文件。
图3是说明一般MP4文件的数据流的结构。优选地，将MP4文件分为头部部分和包括音频和视频数据的媒体数据部分。
该头部部分包括关于音频和视频区的信息，也包括各种其他信息，如媒体数据采样的计时信息。因此，当媒体数据的内容临时地增长时，头部部分的大小也成比例地增长。
另外，为了读取包括在MP4文件中的媒体数据的内容，也需要包括在头部部分中的信息。因此，当头部部分的大小增长后，为观看基于HTTP的流服务中的内容所需的等待时间也增加了。
为了解决以上问题，该MP4文件优选地包括一个选择功能，称之为文件分片(fragmentation)，它将一个文件分隔为不连续的多个段。
图4说明已经被文件分片修改过的MP4文件的数据流结构。该文件优选地包括多个媒体采样，它们通过将媒体数据分隔为N段，并将头部分配给各个媒体数据采样而形成。
该头部优选地包括一个代表性头部(moov)，含有通常对应于媒体数据采样的信息和对应的媒体数据采样的计时信息，以及为各个媒体数据采样分配的段头部(moof)，除第一个媒体数据采样外，该段头部含有对应于媒体数据采样的计时信息。
代表性头部是基本信息，因为它包括MP4文件的元(meta)信息。因此，当丢弃第一个媒体数据采样，并且下一媒体数据采样成为第一个媒体数据采样时，下一采样的段头部接收代表性头部的信息，并转换成为代表性头部。
例如，图4中所示，当使用文件分片方法时，代表性头部的大小由于将一个媒体数据分片为多个采样而减小，并且额外地产生了包括被分开的媒体数据采样的计时信息的段头部。而且，当使用文件分片方法时，当有请求时，可以容易地搜索对应于随机访问请求的部分。
该媒体数据包括视频数据。而视频数据优选地包括整个屏幕信息的I帧或只包括移动预测的信息的P帧。该P帧比I帧有更少的数据，因此该视频数据大多由P帧组成。另外，为了防止在视频屏幕上由于累计误差而产生的缺陷，I帧被以预定的间隔来定位。
因此，根据本发明优选实施例的用于移动通信系统中的基于HTTP的视频流方法，通过使用存储在传输服务器20上的MP4文件的文件分片方法，和在视频位流中以预定的间隔安置I帧，从而支持随机访问功能。
图5是流程图，说明根据本发明优选实施例的用于移动通信系统中的基于HTTP的视频流方法的流程图，以及图6和图7是说明应用基于HTTP的视频流方法的第一个和第二个实施例的方框图。
参照图5，6和7，将进一步描述根据本发明的优选实施例的用于移动通信系统中的基于HTTP的视频流方法。
当由用户输入随机访问请求时(步骤S11)，随机访问搜索单元22查找存储在存储器21(步骤S12)上的内容文件，以确定请求的随机访问点是否存在于存储在存储器21上的内容文件中(步骤S13)。
如果随机访问点存在于存储器21中，则从该点解码该文件并显示该文件，以便用户可以观看它(步骤S14)。
另一方面，如果随机访问点不存在于存储器21中，则随机访问搜索单元22传输包括相应的随机访问点的信息的随机访问请求消息到传输服务器20。
传输服务器20接收随机访问请求消息，并在存储于其上的内容文件中查找随机访问点(步骤S15)。接下来，传输服务器20确定查找的随机访问点的屏幕类型是否为I帧(步骤S16)。同时，存储在传输服务器20上的内容文件优选地是由文件分片过程应用的MP4文件的数据流配置。
如果确定随机访问点的类型为I帧，则设置包括相应的I帧的媒体数据采样(步骤S17)。然后，将I帧确定为数据传输的起始点，并且将对应用户请求的数据流配置为使用新的媒体数据采样，该媒体数据采样包括I帧和接下来的媒体采样(步骤S18)。
由于包括I帧的媒体数据采样是随机访问请求传输的第一个分组，和原来的代表性头部应当被丢弃，则将媒体数据采样的段头部转换为代表性头部(步骤S19)。同时，通过从原来的代表性头部接收那些通常对应于各个媒体数据采样的信息，该段头部优选地转换为新的代表性头部。
文件从用户请求的随机访问点开始被传输到接收方的存储器21(步骤S20)。
当随机访问点的类型不是I帧时，则传输服务器20确定是否用户希望从精确的随机访问点接收数据(步骤S21)。如果用户不要求精确的随机访问点，则传输服务器20检测与请求的随机访问点最近的I帧(步骤S22)，然后指定包括I-帧的媒体数据采样(步骤S17)。
这样，将I帧设置为数据传输的起始点，并且将对应于用户请求的数据流设置为使用包括I帧和下一个媒体采样的新的媒体数据采样(步骤S18)。然后，将包括I帧的媒体数据采样的该段头部转换为代表性头部(步骤S19)，并且将数据传输到接收方的存储器21(步骤S20)。
如果随机访问点的类型为P-帧，并且如果数据必须从精确的随机访问点传输，则然后找到包括P-帧的媒体数据采样(步骤S23)。然后将P帧转换为I帧，并且将新的媒体数据采样基于I帧来设置(步骤S24)。
特别地，使用这样一个事实，即一般的视频位流包括I帧(基准帧)和表示与I帧或前面的帧不同的P帧，将P帧转换为I帧。
因此，为了把P帧转换为I帧，查找与P帧最相似的I帧，而且使用I帧计算I帧后接的P帧的值，从而将P帧转换为I帧。然后，使用新转换的I帧计算紧接着新转换的I帧的P帧，从而将其转换为另一个新的I帧。
重复执行上面的过程，直到到达对应随机访问点的P帧，而且所期望的P帧能因此被转换为I帧。
图6说明了本发明的第一个实施例，该实施例说明了使用在用户请求的随机访问点的I帧，或使用与请求的随机访问点最近的I帧来为随机访问配置数据流的方法。如其中所示，I帧被确定为数据传输的起始点，并且包括I帧在内的媒体数据取样的段头部被转换为代表性头部。
图7说明了本发明的第二个实施例，该实施例说明了使用当请求的随机访问点为P帧并且要求精确的随机访问点时配置数据流的方法。如其中所示，将该P帧转换为I帧，并且将转换的I帧确定为数据传输的起始点，以此设置新的数据流。
如上所述，用于移动通信系统中的基于HTTP的视频流设备和方法的优选实施例具有各种优点。例如，提供对用户请求的随机访问的支持，而不必关心环境条件，也不必关心存储器中已经有什么。
另外，当用户首先要求流时，能够从所要求点支持随机访问服务，并且即使当用户要求的部分尚未在存储器中时也能够支持随机访问。
而且，根据用户要求的随机访问的精度，能够提供各种服务。例如，能够提供对P帧的精确访问。

Claims (29)

1.一种基于超文本传输协议HTTP的视频流设备，其包括：
存储器，配置用来存储从传输服务器接收到的内容文件；以及
随机访问搜索单元，配置用来在存储器中查找随机访问点，并且如果随机访问点不存在于存储器中时，传输内容文件请求消息到传输服务器，所述传输服务器基于随机访问搜索单元请求的随机访问点配置新的数据流，文件从用户请求的随机访问点被传输到接收方的存储器。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备，进一步包括一显示单元，配置用来显示来自存储在存储器中的随机访问点的文件。
3.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述存储器为存储磁盘。
4.如权利要求1所述的设备，其中，该传输服务器根据文件分片过程，将内容文件存储为运动图像专家组MPEG文件形式。
5.如权利要求4所述的设备，其中，该运动图像专家组MPEG文件形式包括：
多个数据段，一个与多个数据段的第一数据段相关联的代表性头部；和
多个段头部，每个均与多个数据段的剩余段相关联。
6.一种提供用于移动通信系统中的基于超文本传输协议HTTP的视频流的方法，该方法包括：
当用户所要求的随机访问点没有存储在本地存储器中时，从传输服务器请求订阅的内容文件；和
从随机访问点开始接收来自传输服务器的数据流；
基于随机访问点重新配置所述数据流；以及
从用户请求的随机访问点传输文件到接收方的存储器。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，进一步包括显示设备上接收到的内容文件。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中，在存储从传输服务器接收到的文件后，显示内容文件将这些文件播放指定的一段时间。
9.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中，基于随机访问点重新配置所述数据流。
10.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述传输服务器将内容文件存储为由文件分片过程使用的运动图像专家组MPEG文件形式。
11.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中，从传输服务器请求指定的内容文件包括：
请求由用户指定的内容的随机访问；
确定所要求的随机访问点是否存储在本地存储器中；和
当随机访问点没有存储在本地存储器中时，传输该内容文件请求消息到传输服务器。
12.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中接收数据流包括：
基于接收的内容文件请求消息，通过传输服务器搜索随机访问点；
根据随机访问点的屏幕类型，通过设置新的数据传输起始点来重新配置数据流；以及
至少作为一个传输控制协议TCP分组接收重新配置的数据流。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中，该屏幕类型为I帧和P帧中的一个。
14.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中，重新配置数据流包括：
确定随机访问点是否为I帧或P帧；
基于随机访问点配置数据传输起始点和新的媒体数据采样；以及
改变包括数据传输起始点的媒体数据采样的头部信息。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法，其中，所述头部信息包括：
媒体数据采样的计时信息；和
通常对应于数据流的各个媒体数据采样的元信息。
16.如权利要求14所述的方法，其中，改变头部信息包括，将包括在原始媒体数据采样头部中的头部信息传输到包括数据传输起始点的新的媒体数据采样的头部中。
17.如权利要求14所述的方法，其中，当随机访问点为I帧时，数据传输起始点等于I帧。
18.如权利要求14所述的方法，其中，配置媒体数据采样包括：
确定被设置为数据传输起始点的随机访问点是否为P帧；
如果随机访问点为P帧，且没有设置为数据传输的起始点，则查找距随机访问点最近的I帧；和
通过取最近的I帧作为数据传输起始点来配置媒体数据采样。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法，进一步包括：
查找最接近P帧随机访问点的I帧；
通过计算与P帧随机访问点最近的I帧和下一个P帧的值，将P帧转换为新的I帧；和
如果将P帧设置为数据传输起始点，则重复转换下一个P帧为新的I帧，直到到达P帧随机访问点为止。
20.权利要求18所述的方法，进一步包括传输开始于最近的I帧的数据。
21.一种用于移动通信系统的基于超文本传输协议HTTP的视频流方法，该方法包括下列步骤：
通过传输服务器接收来自远程单元的随机访问请求；
在存储在传输服务器上的内容文件中查找随机访问点；
根据随机访问点的屏幕类型重新配置数据流，以及保持随机访问点和数据传输起始点的一致；和
传输重新配置的数据流到远程单元。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法，其中，服务器上的内容文件为由文件分片过程使用的运动图像专家组MPEG文件，并且该数据流包括多个媒体数据采样和各个媒体数据采样的多个头部。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法，其中，所述多个头部包括：
包括各个媒体数据采样公共元信息和第一个媒体数据采样的定时信息的代表性头部；以及
至少一个段头部，其包括除第一个媒体数据采样外的各个媒体数据采样的定时信息。
24.如权利要求21所述的方法，其中所述屏幕类型包括I帧和P帧中的一个。
25.如权利要求21所述的方法，其中重新配置数据流包括：
确定随机访问点为I帧还是P帧；
当随机访问点为I帧时，配置具有随机访问点的媒体数据采样为数据传输起始点；
使用此媒体数据采样和连续的媒体数据采样配置新的数据流；和
改变第一个媒体数据采样段的头部信息。
26.如权利要求25所述的方法，进一步包括，当确定随机访问点为P帧时，将P帧转换为新的I帧，和设置与P帧最近的I帧为数据传输起始点中的至少一个。
27.如权利要求25所述的方法，其中，该头部信息进一步包括媒体数据采样的公共的元信息。
28.如权利要求21所述的方法，其中，重新配置数据流包括：
如果随机访问点为P帧且没有设置为数据传输的起始点时，查找与随机访问点最接近的I帧；
将含有I帧的媒体数据采样配置为数据传输起始点；
使用该媒体数据采样和连续的媒体数据采样配置新的数据流；和
改变新数据流的第一个头部信息。
29.如权利要求21所述的方法，其中重新频频数据流包括：
当随机访问点为P帧且为数据传输起始点时，搜索与随机访问点最近的现有的I-帧；
通过计算现有的I-帧和下一个P-帧的值，将P-帧转换为新的I-帧；
重复执行这种转换，直到下一个P-帧为随机访问点的P帧，以将P-帧随机访问点转换为最终的新I-帧；
配置含有最终的新的I-帧的媒体数据采样作为数据传输起始点；
使用该媒体数据采样和连续的媒体数据采样配置该新的数据流；以及
改变新数据流的第一个头部信息。
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