CN1293212C - Alloy of copper - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of metal material engineering, in particular to a high-strength, high-conductivity copper alloy suitable for high requirements on both conductivity and strength. Copper is used as the matrix, and silver, chromium, and mixed rare earth alloy elements are added to it. The percentages of alloying elements according to the total weight are: silver 0.05%-0.15%, chromium 0.20%-0.40%, mixed rare earth elements Re0-0.09%. Wherein Re is a mixed rare earth element, and the mixed rare earth element Re is cerium, yttrium, lanthanum, samarium element. Rare earth elements can be added in the form of a single element, or in combinations of two, three, or four. High-strength, high-conductivity copper alloys are obtained through smelting and processing, which can be used in electric power, electronics, electrical and other fields. The invention is suitable for occasions with high requirements on both conductivity and strength.

Description

a copper alloy

technical field

The invention relates to the field of metal material engineering, in particular to a high-strength, high-conductivity copper alloy suitable for high requirements on both conductivity and strength.

technical background

High-strength and high-conductivity copper alloy is a kind of structural functional material with excellent comprehensive physical properties and mechanical properties. It is widely used in electric power, electronics, electrical, machinery and other industrial industries. Lining, integrated circuit lead frame, high-power asynchronous traction motor rotor, electrified railway contact wire (tram line), thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) divertor vertical target heat sink, high pulse magnetic field conductor material, etc. High strength and high conductivity are two aspects of a pair of contradictions. At present, the contradiction between high strength and high conductivity is mainly solved by alloying method and composite material method. The copper matrix is strengthened by means of solid solution strengthening, precipitation strengthening, fine grain strengthening and deformation strengthening. The technology is relatively mature, the process is relatively simple, the cost is low, and it is suitable for large-scale production, but the strength of the obtained material is generally lower than 550MPa, and the electrical conductivity is average. If it does not exceed 80% IACS, it is difficult to meet the performance requirements of the new generation of electrical devices. The tensile strength of the copper alloy prepared by the composite material method can reach more than 2000MPa, but the process is complicated and the production cost is high, which is not conducive to industrial production and needs further research.

The alloying method is to add certain alloying elements to the copper matrix to form a solid solution or a supersaturated solid solution, so that the copper matrix undergoes lattice distortion or ages to precipitate a strengthening phase to obtain a copper alloy with both high strength and high electrical conductivity. The alloying method can solve the contradiction between high strength and high conductivity to a certain extent, but the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of the alloy generally decrease with the addition of alloying elements, so the selection of alloying elements and the casting process are the key to alloying. When adding precipitation strengthening elements, it is best to form a strengthening phase without copper elements among the alloying elements, and the solid solubility of this strengthening phase in the matrix decreases sharply with the decrease of temperature. Commonly used strengthening alloy elements are: Sn, Co, Ag, Cr, Zr, W, Nb, Mo, Ta, Fe, Re, etc. The addition of these elements is relatively low, mostly around 1%. Among them, Ag, Co, Mg, etc. work through solid solution strengthening and cold work hardening, and almost all other elements use aging strengthening to strengthen the matrix. The content of alloying elements in the alloy is not high, and the influence of alloy atoms on the conductivity of the copper matrix is small. The strength σ _b of the copper material obtained by the alloying method is between 350 and 650 MPa, and the electrical conductivity of the copper material obtained by the alloying method can be as high as 60-90% IACS, but it is difficult to make both of them larger .

Artificial composite material preparation method and self-generated composite material method are another important strengthening method. Artificial composite materials increase the strength of copper materials by artificially adding second-phase particles, whiskers, and fiber-reinforced copper matrix or relying on the strength of the strengthening phase itself (powder metallurgy and plastic deformation method). The self-generated composite material method is to add alloy elements to copper, and through technological means, in situ generate a reinforcement phase inside the copper alloy, and form a composite material together with the matrix copper, and there are two materials, the reinforcement body and the matrix copper, before processing.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a copper alloy with simple process, low cost, high strength and high conductivity.

Copper alloy, with copper as the matrix, to which silver, chromium, and mixed rare earth elements are added. The percentages of alloying elements according to the total weight are: silver 0.05%-0.15%, chromium 0.20%-0.40%, mixed rare earth element Re 0.01-0.09%, wherein Re is a mixed rare earth element, and the mixed rare earth element Re is cerium, yttrium, lanthanum , samarium element. Rare earth elements can be added in the form of a single element, or in combination of two, two, three, three, or four or four. The weight ratio of two rare earth elements in a combination of two or two is 1:1-1:1.5; a combination of three or three Or when four or four are combined, the weight ratio is 1:1:1-1:1:1.5 or 1:1:1:1-1:1.5:1:1.5. The alloying elements used in the alloy fusion are pure metals of silver or chromium, and intermediate alloys of silver or copper chromium. Among them, the pure metal is powder, and the intermediate alloy is block material; the above elements are smelted, and the smelting temperature is in the range of 1100°C-1350°C; the smelting atmosphere has atmosphere, inert gas protection or vacuum protection. The alloy is plastically deformed after hot forging (the rate of change of section is 50-90%, 800-900°C) and solution treatment. Processing methods include rolling, extrusion, drawing, etc., and the processing rate is 45-90%. The solution treatment temperature is (900-1000°C), and the aging treatment temperature is 450-500°C. After the above treatment, the strength of the alloy reaches 550-610 MPa, the elongation is not less than 5%, and the electrical conductivity is above 80% IACS.

The optimum scope of the present invention is, take copper as matrix, add alloying element wherein, the percentage of alloying element is respectively by total weight: silver 0.06%-0.14%, chromium 0.21%-0.40%, mixed rare earth element Re 0.01%- 0.08%.

Copper is used as a matrix, and alloying elements are added thereto. The percentages of alloying elements according to the total weight are: 0.06%-0.14% of silver, 0.21%-0.37% of chromium, and 0.01-0.08% of mixed rare earth elements Re.

Copper is used as the matrix, and alloying elements are added thereto. The percentages of the alloying elements according to the total weight are: 0.08%-0.12% of silver, 0.25%-0.32% of chromium, and 0.03-0.06% of mixed rare earth elements Re.

Using the above formula, high strength (550-610MPa), high conductivity (>80IACS) copper alloy can be obtained through component design, smelting and processing technology, which can be used in electric power, electronics, electrical and other fields. This alloy is suitable for occasions where high electrical conductivity and strength are required. It provides new materials for electric power, electronics, electrical and other industrial fields, plays a leading role in the high performance of electric power, electronics, electrical equipment and devices, and will generate great economic benefits.

specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, content of the present invention is described in further detail:

Embodiment one of the present invention:

With copper as the matrix, the components added to the copper are 0.1% silver, 0.28% chromium, and 0.05% cerium according to the percentage of the total weight. The melting temperature is in the range of 1290 ° C ± 70 ° C, and the melting atmosphere is Inert gas protection, after vacuuming, feed inert gas to keep the pressure at 0.4 atmosphere.

The alloy is plastically deformed by 50-60% after hot forging (change of area 70%, 800-900°C) and solution treatment (950±50°C, 100min).

The aging treatment temperature was 480°C. After the above treatment, the strength of the alloy can reach 550-560MPa. The elongation is not less than 5%, and the electrical conductivity is 85% IACS.

Embodiment two of the present invention:

With copper as the matrix, the components added to the copper are 0.14% silver, 0.32% chromium, and 0.07% lanthanum according to the percentage of the total weight. The melting temperature is in the range of 1270 ° C ± 50 ° C, and the melting atmosphere is atmospheric. .

The plastic deformation of the alloy is 55-65% after hot forging (change of area 75%, 800-900°C) and solution treatment (950±50°C, 100min).

The aging treatment temperature was 450°C. After the above treatment, the strength of the alloy can reach 590-610MPa. The elongation is not less than 5%, while the electrical conductivity is 81% IACS.

Embodiment three of the present invention:

With copper as the matrix, the components added to the copper are 0.07% silver, 0.25% chromium, 0.03% cerium, and 0.02% lanthanum according to the percentage of the total weight. The melting temperature is in the range of 1275 ° C ± 50 ° C , The melting atmosphere is vacuum, and the vacuum degree is 10-4Pa.

The plastic deformation of the alloy is 55-65% after hot forging (change of area 75%, 800-900°C) and solution treatment (950±50°C, 100min).

The aging treatment temperature was 470°C. After the above treatment, the strength of the alloy can reach 590-610MPa. The elongation is not less than 5%, and the electrical conductivity is 85% IACS.

Embodiment four of the present invention:

With copper as the matrix, the components added to the copper are 0.07% silver, 0.25% chromium, and 0.02% samarium according to the percentage of the total weight. The melting temperature is in the range of 1260 ° C ± 50 ° C, and the melting atmosphere is Inert gas protection. After evacuating, an inert gas was introduced to keep the pressure at 0.4 atmospheres.

The plastic deformation of the alloy is 55-65% after hot forging (75% change of area, 800-880°C) and solution treatment (930±50°C, 100min).

The aging treatment temperature was 450°C. After the above treatment, the strength of the alloy reaches 590-605MPa. The elongation is not less than 5%, while the electrical conductivity is 83% IACS.

Embodiment five of the present invention:

With copper as the matrix, the components added to the copper are 0.12% silver, 0.32% chromium, and 0.04% yttrium according to the percentage of the total weight. The melting temperature is in the range of 1265 ° C ± 50 ° C, and the melting atmosphere is Inert gas protection, after vacuuming, inert gas is introduced to make the pressure at 0.4 atmosphere.

The plastic deformation of the alloy is 55-65% after hot forging (the rate of change of section is 75%, 810-880°C) and solution treatment (930±50°C, 100min).

The aging treatment temperature was 480°C. After the above treatment, the strength of the alloy can reach 590-605MPa. The elongation is not less than 5%, and the electrical conductivity is 85% IACS.

Embodiment six of the present invention:

With copper as the matrix, the components added to the copper are 0.07% silver, 0.25% chromium, 0.01% cerium, 0.01% lanthanum, and 0.015% yttrium according to the percentage of the total weight. The melting temperature is 1275 ℃ ± 50 ℃ range, the melting atmosphere is inert gas protection. After evacuating, an inert gas was introduced to keep the pressure at 0.4 atmospheres.

The plastic deformation of the alloy is 55-65% after hot forging (change of area 75%, 800-900°C) and solution treatment (950±50°C, 100min).

The aging treatment temperature was 470°C. After the above treatment, the strength of the alloy can reach 590-610MPa. The elongation is not less than 5%, and the electrical conductivity is 85% IACS.

Embodiment seven of the present invention:

With copper as the matrix, the components added to the copper are smelted according to the percentage of total weight: 0.07% silver, 0.25% chromium, 0.012% yttrium, 0.012% samarium, 0.02% cerium, and 0.02% lanthanum. The melting temperature is in the range of 1275°C±50°C, and the melting atmosphere is protected by inert gas. After vacuuming, the inert gas is introduced to keep the pressure at 0.4 atmospheres.

The plastic deformation of the alloy is 55-65% after hot forging (change of area 75%, 800-900°C) and solution treatment (950±50°C, 100min).

The aging treatment temperature was 490°C. After the above treatment, the strength of the alloy can reach 590-610MPa. The elongation is not less than 5%, and the electrical conductivity is 85% IACS.

Claims (4)

1, an Albatra metal-, it is characterized in that, with copper is matrix, to wherein adding silver, chromium, mixed rare-earth elements alloying element simultaneously, alloying element is respectively by the per-cent of gross weight: silver-colored 0.05%-0.15%, chromium 0.20%-0.40%, mixed rare-earth elements Re0.01-0.09%, described mixed rare-earth elements Re is selected from cerium, yttrium, lanthanum or samarium;

Above element is carried out melting, and its smelting temperature is 1100 ℃ of-1350 ℃ of scopes; The atmosphere of melting has atmosphere, protection of inert gas or vacuum protection;

Alloy is through 800-900 ℃ of forge hot, and the section variation rate is viscous deformation 55-65% after 50-90% and the 900-1000 ℃ of solution treatment;

Aging temperature is 450-500 ℃, and through above-mentioned processing, the intensity of this alloy reaches 550-610MPa, and unit elongation is not less than 5%, and specific conductivity is more than 80%IACS simultaneously.

2, copper alloy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, with copper is matrix, and to wherein adding alloying element, alloying element is respectively by the per-cent of gross weight: silver-colored 0.06%-0.14%, chromium 0.21%-0.37%, mixed rare-earth elements Re0.01-0.08%.

3, copper alloy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, with copper is matrix, and to wherein adding alloying element, alloying element is respectively by the per-cent of gross weight: silver-colored 0.08%-0.12%, chromium 0.25%-0.32%, mixed rare-earth elements Re0.03-0.06%.

4, copper alloy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described mixed rare-earth elements Re adds with the form of single element, or in twos, the modes of 33 or 44 combinations add, two shared part by weight of rare earth element are 1 when making up in twos: 1-1: 1.5; When three or three combinations or four or four combinations, shared part by weight is 1: 1: 1-1: 1: 1.5 or 1: 1: 1: 1-1: 1.5: 1: 1.5.