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CN1281476A - 用作不受水影响的环氧树脂硬化剂的促进剂的酚醛树脂 - Google Patents

用作不受水影响的环氧树脂硬化剂的促进剂的酚醛树脂 Download PDF

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CN1281476A
CN1281476A CN98811906A CN98811906A CN1281476A CN 1281476 A CN1281476 A CN 1281476A CN 98811906 A CN98811906 A CN 98811906A CN 98811906 A CN98811906 A CN 98811906A CN 1281476 A CN1281476 A CN 1281476A
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W·谢泽尔
J·沃勒
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G59/00Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
    • C08G59/18Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
    • C08G59/40Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
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    • C08G59/18Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
    • C08G59/40Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
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Abstract

一种可固化混合物,所述混合物基于环氧树脂和胺类硬化剂,如需要,还可使用溶剂、水、增塑剂、UV稳定剂、着色剂、颜料、填料,该混合物含有至少一种通式Ⅰ的化合物作为促进剂,其中R1、R2、R3和R4各自独立地是H或含1~15个碳原子的未支化的或支化的烷基,n是0~10。

Description

用作不受水影响的环氧树脂 硬化剂的促进剂的酚醛树脂
基于缩水甘油基化合物和胺硬化剂的可固化混合物广泛应用于工业中,用于涂布和改善金属和无机物表面。
所用的胺特别是脂族、环脂族。芳族或芳脂族化合物,以及任选地,含咪唑啉基的基于一元或多元酸的聚氨基酰胺及其加合物。
这类化合物可参见Lee和Neville的《环氧树脂手册》,1967,6/1至10/19章节。
基于环氧树脂和所述胺类化合物的某些可固化混合物具有长的固化时间。
然而,在某些应用场合,尤其在粘合剂领域,要求快速固化。某些氨基酰胺/咪唑啉的固化时间长达几天,因此在这种固化剂体系中在许多情况下必然需加速固化。
通常用叔胺、酸、羟基胺、曼尼期碱和酚类来加速这类硬化剂的硬化速度。
这类促进剂列于特别是Lee和Veville的《环氧树脂手册》,1967,第10章,表10~9中。
已经发现,双酚A(2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷)是特别适用的促进剂,因为用它作为促进剂时可以额外地提高已固化的热固性塑料的旱期耐水性。双酚A的加入量通常为硬化剂的1~25%,优选10~20%。
然后,也已发现,双酚A有其缺点,一方面是其毒理学性质(内分泌调节,雌情效应),另一方面是所配制的固化剂对水的敏感度高。如果为了额外加速树脂/固化剂体系固化,而加入1~5%的水,则已溶解的双酚A又会以盐的形式沉淀出块状物。
当硬化剂由于大气温湿度高或其它原因而吸收了极少量的水时,也会发生同样的情况。甚至吸收的水量小于1%时,依溶解的双酚A在硬化剂中的比例不同,也可能导致双酚A盐的结晶。这是一个主要的缺点,因为在这种情况下,硬化剂不能再进行加工了,或者说,必须重新配制,这样一来花费就大了。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种促进剂,这种促进剂在毒理学上是安全的,而且当加入的水或吸收到硬化剂上的水高达5%时也不受其影响,同时又具有相当好加速固化的效果和旱期耐水性。现已令人惊奇地发现,通式Ⅰ的线型酚醛树脂在较高分子量时也能克服上述缺点,而且在每100克硬化剂配方中加入高达5克水时也不会受加水的影响,同时具有相当好加速固化的效果和早期耐水性。
因此,本发明涉及可固化混合物,所述混合物基于环氧树脂和胺类硬化剂,如果需要,还可使用溶剂、水、增塑剂、UV稳定剂、着色剂、颜料、填料,该混合物优选含有占该硬化剂或胺硬化剂1~25%(重量),更优选10~20%(重量)的至少一种通式Ⅰ的化合物作为促进剂:
Figure 9881190600041
其中R1、R2、R3和R4各自独立地是H或含1~15个碳原子的未支化的或支化的烷基,n是0~10。
在按照本发明的可固化的混合物中,通式Ⅰ的线型酚醛树脂的用量为该硬化剂或胺硬化剂的1~25%(重量),特别优选10~20%(重量)。
本发明的其它主题由权利要求表征。
此外,按照本发明使用的酚醛树脂可按本身已知的方法制备,即,使甲醛与醛类例如苯酚、甲酚、二甲酚、烷基酚等进行反应,如有必要,还可使用催化剂,例如草酸,同时除去水。
这种产品可参见,特别是Houben-Weyl,第4版,《有机化学方法》(Methoden der Organischen Chemie),卷E20,大分子材料,第3部分,第1800-1806页。
为制备这类产品,通常将酚置于反应容器中,同时加入足以使酚和甲醛溶解的水,以及催化量的草酸,随后分批加入甲醛,优选仲甲醛。然后在减压下进行蒸馏,除去挥发性组分。
所得到的酚醛树脂是统计学上的混合物,其中n=0~10,优选n=1~3。N的平均值范围可以通过使用相对于甲醛用量适当过量的酚组分来确定。
按照本发明为制备该可固化混合物还使用的环氧化合物是可通过商业渠道得到的每个分子中含有多于1个环氧基的产品,这种产品是从一价和多价、单环和/或多环酚类,尤其双酚制得,以及从酚醛树脂制得。这些二元和多元酚类的详细目录可参见《Epoxidverbindungen和Epoxidharze》-览表,编者A.M.Paquin,Springer Verlag,柏林,1958年,第Ⅳ章,和Lee与Neville的《环氧树脂手册》,1967,第二章,第257-307页。
也可以使用2种或2种以上环氧树脂的混合物。优选使用基于环氧值为0.4~0.56的双酚A的缩水甘油基化合物。也可以使用环氧树脂与所谓活性稀释剂,例如酚类的或单官能或双官能脂族或环脂族醇类的单缩水甘油醚。这种活性稀释剂主要用来降低粘度,应当少量使用,因为这类化合物对热固性树脂的最终性能有负面影响。作为例子所提及的环氧树脂既可用来固化混合物,也可用来制备可以使用的硬化剂/环氧树脂加合物。
按照本发明另外还使用的环氧树脂硬化剂是脂族、环脂族、芳脂族或芳族的胺类化合物,还可以有含咪唑啉基的氨基酰胺及其与缩水甘油基化合物的加合物,所述化合物每个分子中平均含有2个以上键合到氨基氮原子上的活泼氢。这类化合物是一般技术状态的一部分,且可参见特别是Lee和Neville的《环氧树脂手册》,MC Graw Hill图书公司出版,1987,6-1~10-19章节。
硬化剂和环氧化合物的用量优选约为等当量,即基于键合到氨基氮原子上的活泼氢和活性环氧基。但是硬化剂或缩水甘油基组分的用量也可以大于或小于这种当量。用量取决于所要求的反应产物的最终性能。除了使用本发明的促进剂以外还可以使用标准的环氧树脂催化硬化剂。
根据应用领域和最终使用要求的不同,还可以在该新型环氧树脂/硬化剂混合物中额外加入无机和/或有机添加剂,例如微粒砂子、滑石粉、硅酸、氧化铝、碎屑和粉未形式的金属或金属化合物、触变剂、纤维状物质(如石棉和玻璃短纤维)、颜料、阻火剂、溶剂、着色剂、增塑剂、沥青和矿物油等。
实施例
实施例1:线型酚醛树脂的制备
a)将1880g(20mol)苯酚置于反应器中进行熔化,在搅拌下加入50g草酸。加入400g水之后将该混合物加热到85~90℃,然后分5~6次加入共计468g(≌15.6mol)的仲甲醛。该批物料在85~90℃搅拌3小时后在减压下在槽温为160℃的条件下进行蒸馏以除去水、反应水和过量的苯酚。留在反应器中的是1968g软化点约125℃的线型酚醛树脂。
b)按照实施例1a)中所述方法使1880g(20mol)苯酚与150g(5mol)仲甲醛反应。得到793g软化点为约65℃的线型酚醛树脂。
c)按照实施例1a)所述方法使1080g(10mol)甲酚与75g(2.5mol)仲甲醛反应。得到395g软化点为约60℃的线型酚醛树脂。
实施例2(对比例)
用双酚A加速的硬化剂的制备
a)将25g异佛尔酮二胺、21g亚二甲苯基二胺和30g苄基醇加入到反应器中。在60~70℃加入18g双酚A和4g水杨酸,进一步加热到90~100℃后就完全溶解。
b)在反应器中加入50g二亚乙基三胺。在60~80℃,用30分钟的时间加入30g环氧值约0.535的双酚A二缩水甘油醚,同时进行冷却。搅拌15分钟,然后加入20g双酚A,待加热到90~100℃后就完全溶解。
c)在反应器中加入40g从摩尔比为1∶1的三亚乙基四胺和妥尔油脂肪酸制备的、咪唑啉含量>60%的氨基咪唑啉和15g苄基醇。在60~80℃加入10g甲苯基缩水甘油基醚,同时进行冷却。搅拌15分钟后,加入15g双酚A,待加热到90~100℃后就完全溶解。
实施例3
a)将实施例1a)中所述的酚醛树脂加入到实施例2a)的硬化剂中,用以替换双酚A。
b)将实施例1b)中所述的酚醛树脂加入到实施例2a)的硬化剂中,用以替换双酚A。
c)将实施例1c)中所述的酚醛树脂加入到实施例2a)的硬化剂中,用以替换双酚A。
d)将实施例1b)中所述的酚醛树脂加入到实施例2b)的硬化剂中,用以替换双酚A。
e)将实施例1b)中所述的酚醛树脂加入到实施例2c)的硬化剂中,用以替换双酚A。
试验方法
水试验
在100g硬化剂配方中各加入1g、2g和5g的蒸馏水,然后将混合物进行均化。各样品在封闭的玻璃瓶中在室温下储存30天。随后每天用肉眼观察,看样品中是否形成结晶。打“K”记号的样品表示在括号()中指出的天数后结晶。打“L”记号的样品表示在储存30天后未出现任何结晶现象。
早期耐水性
样品的制备:
将计算量的环氧树脂和胺硬化剂称重并加入到混合用容器中,用刮刀激烈混合2分钟,不在任何过量空气中操作。局部不均匀显示为花纹,且应当避免。
将500μm的艾力克逊膜转移框放在用丙酮洗干净并己干燥过的玻璃板上,然后往该框中充入约15g活性混合物,并在自由区域上均匀拖动。然后立即将新涂布的玻璃板放进相应的人工气候试验箱中,典型地相对大气湿度为:23℃/相对湿度约95%,10℃/相对湿度约80%,和5℃/相对湿度>70%。
经24小时固化后,将玻璃板取出,放回试验室中供评估其表面用。
按照DIN 53230标准评定各试验等级:
0=无任何缺陷
直至5=最多缺陷。
对于微小差别如与对比样品的差别,可能会有0.5的等级差。
在每块玻璃板上,用移液管将约0.5ml的完全脱盐水加到一个点上,然后在60分钟后用纤维素轻轻擦掉。
评估了这些膜暴露于水的部位上的着色/发白程度。
                          表
                                          水试验实施例
 每100g硬化剂中所加入的水    2a    2b    2c    3a    3b    3c    3d    3e
    1g  K(2)   K(2)    L    L     L    L    L    L
    2g  K(1)   K(1)   K(4)    L     L    L    L    L
    5g  K(1)   K(1)   K(1)    L     L    L    L    L
早期耐水性实施例
℃/%相对湿度 2a 2b 2c 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e
23/95 0.5 1 1.5 0.5 0.5 1 1 1.5
10/80 1 1.5 1.5 1 1.5 1 1.5 2
5/>70 2 2 2.5 1.5 2 1.5 2 2.5

Claims (6)

1.一种可固化混合物,所述混合物基于环氧树脂和胺类硬化剂,如需要,还可使用溶剂、水、增塑剂、UV稳定剂、着色剂、颜料、填料,该混合物含有至少一种通式Ⅰ的化合物作为促进剂,
Figure 9881190600021
其中R1、R2、R3和R4各自独立地是H或含1~15个碳原子的未支化的或支化的烷基,n是0~10。
2.按照权利要求1的可固化混合物,其中通式Ⅰ中R1、R2、R3和R4是H。
3.按照权利要求1的可固化混合物,其中通式Ⅰ基团R1至R4中有1个或2个是-CH3
4.按照权利要求1的可固化混合物,其中通式Ⅰ基团R1至R4中有1个是叔丁基。
5.按照权利要求1的可固化混合物,其中通式Ⅰ基团R1至R4中有1个是含有9~12个碳原子的长链未支化或支化的烷基基团。
6.按照权利要求1的可固化混合物,其中通式Ⅰ的酚醛树脂的用量为硬化剂或胺硬化剂重量的1~25%。
CN98811906A 1997-12-08 1998-11-28 用作不受水影响的环氧树脂硬化剂的促进剂的酚醛树脂 Expired - Fee Related CN1113074C (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN101014639B (zh) * 2004-06-21 2010-05-26 亨斯迈先进材料(瑞士)有限公司 聚氨基酰胺-单环氧加合物
CN102884130A (zh) * 2010-05-05 2013-01-16 汉高股份有限及两合公司 低毒性单组份环氧树脂组合物

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CN102884130A (zh) * 2010-05-05 2013-01-16 汉高股份有限及两合公司 低毒性单组份环氧树脂组合物

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KR20010024695A (ko) 2001-03-26
CN1113074C (zh) 2003-07-02
EP1040150B1 (en) 2003-02-26
DE69811729T2 (de) 2003-08-14
DE69811729D1 (de) 2003-04-03
KR100571136B1 (ko) 2006-04-17
BR9813419A (pt) 2000-10-10
JP4370447B2 (ja) 2009-11-25
ES2191366T3 (es) 2003-09-01
EP1040150A1 (en) 2000-10-04
US6649729B1 (en) 2003-11-18
BR9813419B1 (pt) 2009-05-05
WO1999029757A1 (en) 1999-06-17
JP2001525469A (ja) 2001-12-11

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