A kind of copolymer solid electrolyte and its production and use
The present invention relates to a kind of copolymer solid electrolyte and its production and use.Be particularly related to a kind of copolymer solid electrolyte, be mainly used in field of lithium ion secondary with internal plasticizer.
G.Schwab and MT.Lee delivered patent [U.S.Patent 4,792,508; U.S.Patent 4,830,939] reported a kind of polarity small molecules such as PC plastifying gel polymer solid electrolyte, it is to make line style PEO chain be cross-linked to form three-dimensional network with polyacrylic ester as linking agent to play the support frame effect, and the small molecules softening agent in the network is as conducting material.This ionogen has higher ionic conductance, but the polarity small molecules is easy to overflow from network, makes the system poor stability, has also reduced the security of lithium ion battery simultaneously; The people such as Watanabe of Japan methylate three official's degree polyalkylene glycol moieties, and remaining hydroxyl changes into acrylate, form cross-linked network copolymer solid electrolyte [J.Electrochem.Soc.1998, V.145,5,1521] through light initiation polymerization then.They have studied ionic conductance with the degree change rule that methylates, but the degree that methylates of this system is wayward, and ionic conductance is than the end (10
-6Scm
-1), this system preparation process complexity, technology is wayward, is unsuitable for scale operation.
The objective of the invention is to overcome the defective of above-mentioned system poor stability, made a kind of copolymer solid electrolyte and proposed softening agent is connected with network by chemical bond.Preparation method of the present invention is simple, is suitable for making on a large scale the production lithium-ion secondary cell.
The present invention has prepared a kind of New Polymer Solid Electrolytes with internal plasticizer.Wherein internal plasticizer be by the chemical bond grafting in three-dimensional network, avoided the unsettled defective of conventional gel ionogen; Internal plasticizer on the network can reduce the second-order transition temperature of whole system, makes the sub-chain motion aggravation, is beneficial to the ionic transmission.The passage of taking on simultaneously ion transport again.This polymer electrolyte film adopts a step solution casting method, and preparation is simple, can carry out scale operation, saves the manufacturing expense of lithium ion battery greatly.
Network-type copolymer solid electrolyte of the present invention is made up of cross-linked network polymkeric substance and two kinds of components of inorganic lithium salt ionogen.
In above-mentioned cross-linked network polymeric constituent, the cross-linked network polymkeric substance is the network polymer that generates by network polymer performed polymer and linking agent generation crosslinking reaction.
Wherein, have various internal plasticization segments and the terminal polyethylene oxide/polypropylene oxide segment (PEO-PPOH) that is hung with hydroxyl on the skeleton of network polymer performed polymer, two kinds of segmental mol ratios of internal plasticization chain and PEO-PPOH are 1: 1 ∽ 1: 7.This network polymer performed polymer skeleton comprises:
Polymethyl siloxane (PMS), its molecular structure is as follows:
Or cluster ethylene glycol (PLEG), its molecular structure is as follows:
R in above-mentioned molecular structure
1: polyethylene oxide/polypropylene oxide segment R
2: the internal plasticization chain
The above-mentioned internal plasticization chain that hangs on the network polymer performed polymer comprises:
Allyl methyl polyoxyethylene (APEOM, the PEO molecular weight is 150-1000, is preferably 350-750); Allyl methyl polyoxytrimethylene (APPOM); Allyl methyl polyoxyethylene sulfonic acid lithium (APEOSO
3Li, the PEO molecular weight is 150-350, is preferably 150); Allyl methyl polyoxyethylene Lithium Sulphate (APEOSO
4Li, the PEO molecular weight is 150-350, is preferably 150); Acrylate (R=CH
3, C
2H
5, C
3H
7, C
4H
9).
Above-mentioned linking agent (TMP-TDI) is a kind of isocyanic ester with trifunctional, and it is by TriMethylolPropane(TMP) and 2,4 toluene diisocyanate prepared in reaction, and its structural representation formula is as follows:
Above-mentioned inorganic lithium salt ionogen comprises LiClO
4, LiCF
3SO
3, LiN (CF
3SO
2)
2
Of the present invention have internal plasticizer network polymer method for preparing solid electrolyte in the following order step carry out: 1. do not have water treatment:
Solvent for use THF uses earlier anhydrous CaCl
2Backflow 12h, refluxing through sodium Metal 99.5 presents avy blue until the benzophenone indicator again, and distillation at last obtains anhydrous solvent; Inorganic lithium salt ionogen [LiClO
4, LiCF
3SO
3, LiN (CF
3SO
2)
2] all at 140 ℃ of vacuum-drying 24h, obtain the exsiccant white powder.2. the preparation that has internal plasticizer network polymer solid electrolyte:
1. network polymer performed polymer (the mol ratio PEO-PPOH: APEO that takes by weighing
350M=1: 1 ∽ 1: 7) 1 part, 0.2 part of linking agent (TMP-TDI), inorganic lithium salt 0.24-0.72 part joins and has prolong and N
2Mix in the 100ml there-necked flask of ingress pipe; 2. add THF, induction stirring makes it dissolving; 3. feed N
2Gas, and be warming up to 75-95 ℃, adding 0.5% (wt.) dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst behind the 15min, vigorous stirring 1.5h generates the viscous liquid that flows; 4. be cast to then in the tetrafluoroethylene mould, place 80 ℃ of baking ovens to solidify 48h, obtain conductive film; 5. conductive film is placed in 80 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens and extract solvent, carry out the ionic conduction property testing until constant weight.
The network polymer solid electrolyte of the present invention's preparation is obtained following invention effect:
1. an one-step film forming is easy to operate; 2. avoid softening agent to escape, improved stability greatly; 3. conductive film has high ionic conductance, σ=4.0 * 10
-4Scm
-1(25 ℃); 4. good film-forming property can be made into the large-area ultrathin film.This invention is mainly used in the polymer lithium ion secondary battery field, is suitable for making on a large scale production.
Embodiment one: PMS-APEO
350M/LiClO
4The network polymer solid electrolyte
1.0g PMS-APEO
350M[PEO-PPOH/APEO
350M=1: 7 (mol ratios)], 0.2gTMP-TDI and 0.24g LiClO
4(drying) joins and has prolong and N
2Mix in the 100ml there-necked flask of ingress pipe; Add THF, induction stirring makes it dissolving, feeds N
2Gas, and be warming up to 75 ℃, add 0.5% (wt.) dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst behind the 15min, vigorous stirring 1.5h generates the viscous liquid that flows, and is cast to then in the tetrafluoroethylene mould, place 80 ℃ of baking ovens to solidify 48h, obtain conductive film, conductive film is placed in 80 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens extract solvent, carry out the ionic conduction property testing until constant weight.
This ionogen conductive film (thickness is 0.1-0.3mm) is translucent, and has snappiness and high-flexibility.This embodiment system room-temperature ion conductivity reaches 5.1 * 10
-5Scm
-1Embodiment two: PMS-APEO
350M/LiN (CF
3SO
2)
2The network polymer solid electrolyte
1.0g PMS-APEO
350M[PEO-PPOH/APEO
350M=1: 7 (mol ratios)], 0.2g linking agent (TMP-TDI) and 0.50g (20%) LiN (CF
3SO
2)
2(drying) joins and has prolong and N
2Mix in the 100ml there-necked flask of ingress pipe; Add THF, induction stirring makes it dissolving, feeds N
2Gas, and be warming up to 80 ℃, adding 0.5% (wt.) dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst behind the 15min, vigorous stirring 2h generates the viscous liquid that flows, and is cast to then in the tetrafluoroethylene mould, places 85 ℃ of baking ovens until constant weight, carries out the ionic conduction property testing.
This system room-temperature ion conductivity is 1.0 * 10
-4Scm
-1, the intensity and the machining property of conductive film are good, are a kind of copolymer solid electrolytes with practical value.Embodiment three: PMS-APEO
550M/LiClO
4The network polymer solid electrolyte
1.0g PMS-APEO
550M[PEO-PPOH/APEO
550M=1: 7 (mol ratios)], 0.2g linking agent (TMP-TDI) and 0.24g (20%) LiClO
4(drying) joins and has prolong and N
2Mix in the 100ml there-necked flask of ingress pipe; Add THF, induction stirring makes it dissolving, feeds N
2Gas, and be warming up to 80 ℃, adding 0.5% (wt.) dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst behind the 15min, vigorous stirring 2h generates the viscous liquid that flows, and is cast to then in the tetrafluoroethylene mould, places 85 ℃ of baking ovens until constant weight, carries out the ionic conduction property testing.
Obtained conductive film is with respect to embodiment one, two,, its snappiness descends, and electric conductivity reduces (room temperature σ=2.4 * 10
-5Scm
-1), this mainly is because internal plasticization chain APEO
550There is crystalline polamer in M, has suppressed ion and must dissociate and transmit.Embodiment four: PMS-APEO
150SO
3Li/LiN (CF
3SO
2)
2The network polymer solid electrolyte
1.0g PMS-APEO
150SO
3Li[PEO-PPOH/APEO
350M=1: 7 (mol ratios)], 0.2g linking agent (TMP-TDI) and 0.50g (20%) LiN (CF
3SO
2)
2Dry) join and have prolong and N
2Mix in the 100ml there-necked flask of ingress pipe; Add THF, induction stirring makes it dissolving, feeds N
2Gas, and be warming up to 95 ℃, adding 0.5% (wt.) dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst behind the 25min, vigorous stirring 3h generates the viscous liquid that flows, and is cast to then in the tetrafluoroethylene mould, places 90 ℃ of baking ovens until constant weight, carries out the ionic conduction property testing.
This polymer electrolyte system good film-forming property, the physical strength height interacts owing to hang on to exist between organic ion on the network and the inorganic salt, has destroyed the inorganic salt crystalline network, impels dissociating of inorganic ion, and its room-temperature ion conductivity is up to 4.0 * 10
-4Scm
-1, its performance index have all satisfied requirement of actual application, are a kind of polymers of excellent properties solid electrolyte materials.