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CN1271262A - 多轴转动的脊椎间假体 - Google Patents

多轴转动的脊椎间假体 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1271262A
CN1271262A CN98809393A CN98809393A CN1271262A CN 1271262 A CN1271262 A CN 1271262A CN 98809393 A CN98809393 A CN 98809393A CN 98809393 A CN98809393 A CN 98809393A CN 1271262 A CN1271262 A CN 1271262A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
prosthetic disc
protrusion
disc
prosthesis
spine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN98809393A
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English (en)
Inventor
丹尼斯·P·戈登
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yaden Maya Robert & Thomas First Ltd
Original Assignee
Yaden Maya Robert & Thomas First Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yaden Maya Robert & Thomas First Ltd filed Critical Yaden Maya Robert & Thomas First Ltd
Publication of CN1271262A publication Critical patent/CN1271262A/zh
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Abstract

本发明涉及了一种脊椎间的假体盘。假体包括一个公件(10),它具有一个支承板(18)、一个可固定到脊椎上的连接件(16)和一个活关节突起(60),以及包括一个母件(12),它具有一个支承板(50)、一个可固定到脊椎上的连接件(16)和一个圆形凹穴(54),凹穴具有适于容纳活关节突起的斜壁。公件放在母件之内。两个构件连接到相邻的脊椎上,并作为脊椎盘的替代物。假体容许病人具有自然的活动范围。

Description

多轴转动的脊椎间假体
                    发明背景
本申请是正式通用的专利申请，要求1997年8月4日提出的美国临时专利申请号60/054,622的优先权。
                    发明领域
本发明涉及了一种脊椎间的假体，用于替代正在造成活动痛苦或神经根部受压的经多次手术或退化的脊椎盘。尤其是，本发明涉及了一种具有两个构件的假体，一个构件能在另一个构件内转动，同时每个构件固定到其相邻的脊椎上。
                    发明背景
脊椎盘疾病是地方性的疾病。如果病人的脊椎盘不再能使用，往往采用融合法。融合法就是去除退化的脊椎盘，该脊椎盘曾经容许相邻脊椎作相对移动和转动。然后连接和固定盘周围的两个脊椎，取消了该部位的可活动性。但是，融合法有许多缺点。它们有损伤性，并且具有显著的失败率。它们助长了上、下脊椎盘的退化疾病，并且大多数往往需要捐赠的骨头，这引起它本身的一系列并发症。
其它病变关节的外科疗法的演变过程，已经从融合法到清创和表面修整法，再进展到了关节置换法。对于股关节和膝关节前期疾病的外科疗法，其标准治疗方法目前是关节置换法。但是，对于脊椎盘置换的研究到现在为止尚未取得重大成就。当前已有的试验假体未被广泛接受。
现在有许多为脊椎盘假体研制的球窝型装置，但现有假体的问题是：没有一种装置提出球在窝内自动定心的需求。自动定心是一个重要的特性，因为它容许假体模仿脊椎盘的正常活动。存在一种使球窝型假体能自动定心的机构，可以给病人一个灵活的、感觉自然的假体。现有装置没有提出的另一个问题是提供使假体造成脊椎前凸的任何一类特定方法。使假体造成脊椎前凸的优点是使得背部具有更自然的曲率，而不是人工造成的刚硬性。对于可与其它某些关节置换物同样成功的脊椎盘假体，它需要容许尽可能多的自然活动。
同样重要的是，假体要使得活动骨头区的组织成为限制活动的约束因素。如果假体本身内在受约束，则除了在假体内部，尤其在骨头/假体对接面上还必然承受约束应力。其它完全约束的假体，如整个膝盖或肘部，均告失败。如果研制一种假体，容许活动骨头区的组织成为约束因素，则由小平面和软组织来承受约束应力，使得假体的寿命更长。假体的寿命应该长到足以使手术做得很值得，从而不需要再重复手术。
希望提供一种容许有很大活动范围的假体，它可模仿实际脊椎盘的活动。理想的情形是：它稳定而不僵硬，没有自身内在的约束因素，因此它具有长的寿命，并尽可能感觉自然。
                   发明概述
因此，本发明提供一种脊椎间的假体，它自动定心，容许有活动范围，并且在一个优选实施例中还提供了使脊椎前凸的条件。假体被设计成可对退化病变的脊椎盘和多次手术的脊椎盘减轻活动骨头区的痛苦，或者放松对神经根部的压缩。
假体组件包括一个位于母件之内的公件，同时两个构件均与相邻的脊椎连接。公件包括一个支承板，最好是一个楔形的支承板，在一个特别优选的实施例中，从板上伸出一个凸缘。凸缘最好被规定作为一个从公件边垂直伸出的安装片。它至少包括一个孔，一个连接件，最好是一个螺钉，可通过孔固定到相邻的脊椎上。孔最好是作成8字形。连接到相邻脊椎的优选装置是通过凸缘中孔的螺钉。公件还包括一个活关节的突起，它最好是圆环形。当与母件装配时，它容许作多轴转动。圆环形突起最好具有双半径，以便易于自动定心。
母件包括一个最好是平的支承板，在一个优选实施例中，从板上垂直伸出一个凸缘。把母件连接到相邻脊椎上的优选装置是通过凸缘中孔的螺钉。母件还包括一个带斜壁的圆形凹穴，公件可位于凹穴中。在另一个优选实施例中，母件在凹穴内表面上具有涂层或衬垫，以减少两构件之间的摩擦。涂层材料最好是塑料或陶瓷。
在一个优选实施例中，在支承板对着骨头的表面上，该系统包括一个多孔的涂层，以造成对脊椎的第二个固定方法。构件最好是用金属合金或陶瓷材料制成。两个构件也可用相互不同的材料制成。符合本发明的一个特别优选的假体是用铬钴合金制成，对假体提供了强度和长寿命。
                    附图简述
如果考虑到以下详细描述、权利要求和附图，则会更充分地理解本发明的上述和其它特性和优点，其中：
图1是本发明脊椎间假体的透视图，两个构件放在一起；
图2是图1脊椎间假体的母件俯视图；
图3是图1脊椎间假体凸缘部分的透视图，具有8字形连接孔；
图4是图1脊椎间假体相互分开的公件和母件侧视图，其中部分为剖视；
图5是一个供替代实施例的透视图，表示了具有斜螺钉的双凸缘。
                 发明详述
本发明涉及了一个可变轴转动的脊椎盘假体(参见图1)。假体具有两个构件(参见图4)公件10和母件12，并且用于移植到两个相邻脊椎之间来替代一个脊椎盘。至少部分地由一个连接件来完成与相邻脊椎的连接，连接件最好是机械连接件，如通过凸缘16的螺钉14。对于构件与脊椎的连接，可以采用如栓塞或柱杆的螺钉替代物，只要它们的强度足以承受对它作用的压缩力，以及具有可靠的固定方式。也可采用骨胶来构件相邻的脊椎，用于替代或补充机械连接件。由外科大夫根据病人体形和被替代脊椎盘在脊柱中的位置，来确定机械连接件的优选长度和直径。如果采用螺钉，则可把它们直插或斜插到脊椎中。在一个优选的实施例中，把螺钉直插到脊椎中(参见图1)。在另一个优选实施例中，把螺钉斜插到脊椎中(参见图5)。
假体的公件10包括一个柱形支承板18，它在一个优选实施例中为楔形。楔形板18容许在假体中造成脊椎外凸。楔形板18具有一个可与脊椎配合的粗糙表面20。在一个优选实施例中，公件10是上面构件，粗糙面20是在楔形板18的上表面80上(参见图4)。粗糙面造成了对脊椎的另一个固定装置，可作为对机械连接件的替代或补充。一个目前优选的实施例同时具有如螺钉14的连接件和粗糙面20，以提供最稳定的固定。
至少一个凸缘16从支承板上表面20边上垂直伸出。在一个优选实施例中，公件是上面构件，凸缘从楔形板的厚侧28向上伸出(参见图1)。凸缘是一个可容纳如螺钉14连接件的安装片。螺钉被引导通过凸缘中的孔22，以便把公件10连接到脊椎上。至少有两个孔22，(至少两个)连接件可通过孔22。在一个优选实施例中，在凸缘16中孔22是8字形孔34(参见图3)。8字形孔有助于适应不同的螺钉高度。由外科大夫根据对每个特定病人最适合的情形来选择不同的高度。孔22也可以是圆形或椭圆形。
孔还可在其外边上具有较宽的开口区(参见图2)，以接纳孔中螺钉的头部。为了易于看到开口区，在图1中的螺钉稍稍从孔中退出。但是，在完全插入时，螺钉头至少部分地容纳在开口区内，以便为凸缘提供一个较平滑的外表面，由此减少对覆盖人体组织的刺激。
在另一个实施例中，有两个凸缘70从板垂直伸出(参见图5)。每个凸缘至少具有一个用于通过连接件的孔22。
在一个供替代的实施例中，公件具有一个连接脊椎的补充孔24(参见图5)。该孔24在楔形板厚的一侧28上，从公件10的柱形楔26下边伸出。孔24为倾斜，使得如螺钉74的连接件可通过孔24斜插到脊椎中。孔在下端36上还被下凹，以容纳斜螺钉30的头部。
公件还包括一个具有活关节表面60的突起。该突起具有倒圆的边58，并从楔形板42的下表面向下伸出。一个优选实施例包括一个圆环形突起60，它具有一个带倒圆半径的较小颈部62，以及一个带另一个倒圆半径的鼓出突起64。圆环形突起容许有活动范围。当假体装配时，突起60将位于母件12之内。
作为替代的方式是，公件上的突起可以是带倒圆顶部的直圆柱侧壁(参见图5)。如以上所述实施例，突起的顶部将具有一个倒圆半径，使得它可位于母件之内并容许有活动范围。
假体的母件12包括一个柱形支承板50，它最好是平的。板50最好具有一个可与脊椎配合的粗糙表面44。在一个优选实施例中，母件是下面构件(参见图1)，粗糙面44是在支承板的下表面78上。粗糙面造成对脊椎的另一个固定装置，可作为对机械连接件的替代或补充。一个目前优选的实施例同时具有如螺钉14的连接件和粗糙面44，以提供最稳定的固定。
母件至少具有一个凸缘16，从支承板边上垂直伸出。在一个特别优选实施例中，母件是下面构件，凸缘从支承板的下表面78边上向下伸出(参见图1)。凸缘是一个可容纳如螺钉14连接件的安装片。螺钉被引导通过凸缘中的孔22，以便把母件12连接到脊椎上。至少有两个孔，至少两个连接件可通过孔。在一个优选实施例中，在凸缘16中孔22是8字形孔34并具有开口区(参见图3)。8字形孔有助于适应不同的螺钉高度。孔22也可以是圆形或椭圆形。
在一个供替代的实施例中，有两个凸缘70从板垂直伸出(参见图5)。每个凸缘至少具有一个用于通过连接件的孔22。
此外，母件具有一个连接脊椎的补充孔46(参见图5)。该孔46通过最靠近板的凸缘端98伸出。孔46为倾斜，使得如螺钉74的连接件可通过孔斜插到脊椎中。孔在下端76上还被下凹，以容纳斜螺钉30的头部。
母件还包括为杯形凹穴54形式的柱形空腔。杯形凹穴从平板的上表面52向上伸出。杯形凹穴54适于容纳公件的倒圆部分60。公件突起的倒圆边58位于母件凹穴之内。凹穴被设计成具有倾斜侧壁56。当公件10在任何方向倾斜时，斜侧壁容许公件10在凹穴内自行定心。
在所示的优选实施例中，斜侧壁56是直的。特别优选的是：使斜侧壁基本上是直的，从而倒圆的公件突起可容易地滑到杯形开口内自行定心。但是，斜侧壁可以稍稍向内弯曲或凹曲，不会对定心有明显的不利影响。重要的是，如果有弯曲，则斜侧壁具有的曲率半径要明显大于与侧壁接触处的公件突起的倒圆半径。
在一个供替代的实施例中，在侧壁56上涂一种材料，或者在其上面叠加一种衬垫材料，有助于减少两个构件之间的摩擦。涂层或衬垫由塑料或陶瓷制成。
在一个优选实施例中，当两个构件10、12相互放置时(参见图1)，公件10的倒圆突起60配合在母件12的杯形凹穴54内。然后公件10部分地位于柱形凹穴内。当公件通过活动范围时，母件12的斜壁56使公件对母件定心。人体组织容许环绕脊椎盘的活动范围约为15度的弯曲、5度的拉伸、1度的转动和5度的侧向弯曲。本发明的假体能够有这些活动范围或更大些。例如，假体能够有无限制的转动范围。因此，假体能够在正常范围内活动，并且应该是活动骨头区本身的组织对活动范围给出约束。
系统的构件10、12最好由在生理上与脊椎相容的金属合金或陶瓷材料制成。两个构件也可以用相互不同的材料制成。但是，金属对金属的接触可得到假体中的强度。一个特别优选的实施例是用铬钴合金制成，但熟悉本技术的人员可以理解到，可以采用适于提供相似相容性和强度的其它可能的材料或复合材料。连接件作成各种长度和直径以适应假体的大小，假体大小可因人体组织的变化而改变。
以上描述了系统及其构件之间的相互关系。现来描述系统的常见装配顺序之例。
外科手术可以是标准的前部跨越腹部或后退腹膜手术。顺序中的第一步是切除脊椎盘，使得切口为1.5英寸宽和1.5英寸深。在脊椎盘切开区两侧必须留有尽可能多的前部纵向韧带。下一步是剥离相邻表面到流血的骨头位置，然后采用外科大夫选择的关节脱开器或三关节脱开器脱开一个脊椎盘的距离。在这些步骤完成之后，作出前-后和侧位的X光照相，以确定已把活动骨头区脱开到合理的高度并仍处于对准位置。然后，测量脱开的距离，它应该理想地为18mm左右，并装配和插入假体。在假体插入之后，通过假体中的凸缘，把网状螺钉插到上、下脊椎本体上。作最后的X光照相，并以常规的方式结束顺序。
以上的描述表示了本发明的优选实施例，但本发明并不限于所示的设计。因此，本发明不想限制在以上描述的使用实施例。本发明的范围在以下权利要求中规定。

Claims (23)

1.一种脊椎间的假体盘，包括：
a)一个公件，它包括一个第一支承板，一个可固定到脊椎上的第一连接件，以及一个活关节突起；
b)一个母件，它包括一个第二支承板，一个可固定到脊椎上的第二连接件，以及一个具有斜壁的圆形凹穴，适于容纳活关节突起。
2.权利要求1的假体盘，其中，第一和第二连接件每个至少包括一个从支承板伸出的垂直凸缘，并且至少包括一个可通过机械连接件的孔。
3.权利要求2的假体盘，其中，机械连接件从螺钉，栓塞或柱杆中选用。
4.权利要求3的假体盘，其中，许多孔和机械连接件的数量在公件和母件上均至少为两个。
5.权利要求1的假体盘，其中，第一和第二连接件是多孔涂层，用于在支承板对着骨头的表面上永久性地固定骨头。
6.权利要求1的假体盘，其中，第一和第二连接件每个包括至少一个凸缘，至少一个机械连接件，以及在支承板对着骨头的表面上的多孔涂层。
7.权利要求1的假体盘，其中，第一支承板是楔形，以促使造成脊椎前凸。
8.权利要求1的假体盘，其中，至少一个构件采用从陶瓷和金属合金中选择的材料制成。
9.权利要求1的假体盘，其中，两个构件均由金属合金制成。
10.权利要求9的假体盘，其中，金属合金是铬钴合金。
11.权利要求1的假体盘，其中，活关节突起是圆环形，以助长活动范围。
12.权利要求1的假体盘，其中，圆形凹穴的斜壁容许公件在母件内自动定心。
13.权利要求7的假体盘，其中，楔形板包括一个可通过连接件的带凹口的斜孔。
14.权利要求13的假体盘，其中，连接件是螺钉。
15.权利要求1的假体盘，其中，第二支承板包括一个可通过连接件的带凹口的斜孔。
16.权利要求15的假体盘，其中，连接件是螺钉。
17.权利要求2的假体盘，其中，凸缘至少包括一个从圆形，椭圆形和8字形中选择的孔。
18.权利要求1中所述的盘，其中，当活关节突起在圆形凹穴内时，它对弯曲，拉伸，侧向弯曲和转动提供多个转动中心。
19.权利要求1中所述的盘，其中，机构至少容许约15度的弯曲，5度的拉伸，1度的转动和5度的侧向弯曲。
20.一种脊椎间的假体盘，包括：
a)一个公件，它包括一个具有双半径的活关节突起；
b)一个母件，它包括一个可容纳公件活关节突起的凹穴。
21.权利要求20中所述的脊椎间的假体盘，其中，在凹穴内表面上设有涂层或衬垫。
22.权利要求21中所述的脊椎间的假体盘，其中，涂层或衬垫是塑料或陶瓷。
23.一种脊椎间的假体盘，包括：
a)一个公件，它包括一个第一支承装置，一个可固定到脊椎上的第一连接装置，以及一个活关节突起；
b)一个母件，它包括一个第二支承装置，一个可固定到脊椎上的第二连接装置，以及一个具有斜壁的圆形凹穴，适于容纳活关节突起。
CN98809393A 1997-08-04 1998-08-04 多轴转动的脊椎间假体 Pending CN1271262A (zh)

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WO1999005995A1 (en) 1999-02-11
US6228118B1 (en) 2001-05-08
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