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CN1269687C - 用于将气体燃料供给到液化气运输船的发电系统的装备 - Google Patents

用于将气体燃料供给到液化气运输船的发电系统的装备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1269687C
CN1269687C CNB031209033A CN03120903A CN1269687C CN 1269687 C CN1269687 C CN 1269687C CN B031209033 A CNB031209033 A CN B031209033A CN 03120903 A CN03120903 A CN 03120903A CN 1269687 C CN1269687 C CN 1269687C
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China
Prior art keywords
mentioned
evaporator
pump
pipeline
pressure
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Expired - Fee Related
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CNB031209033A
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English (en)
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CN1446728A (zh
Inventor
R·库尔泰
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New Kanter Corp.
Alstom SA
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Alstom SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/002—Storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B63J2099/001—Burning of transported goods, e.g. fuel, boil-off or refuse
    • B63J2099/003—Burning of transported goods, e.g. fuel, boil-off or refuse of cargo oil or fuel, or of boil-off gases, e.g. for propulsive purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/035—Orientation with substantially horizontal main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0382—Constructional details of valves, regulators
    • F17C2205/0385—Constructional details of valves, regulators in blocks or units
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2225/013—Single phase liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/043—Localisation of the filling point in the gas
    • F17C2225/044—Localisation of the filling point in the gas at several points, e.g. with a device for recondensing gas
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/037—Treating the boil-off by recovery with pressurising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

本发明的装备包括一个压缩机(6)和一个埋入式泵(8)，上述压缩机(6)的入口在罐(1)中液体的表面上方吸气，而出口将气体排入输送到发电系统(2)的歧管(7)中，上述埋入式泵(8)在罐的底部处通过管道(9)连接到蒸发器(10)的入口上，其特征在于：蒸发器(10)的出口连接到上述歧管(7)上，一个用于使液体返回罐并有一个调节阀(12)的回流管(11)连接到把泵(8)连接到蒸发器(10)的管道(9)上。

Description

用于将气体燃料供给到液化气运输船的发电系统的装备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种装备，该装备用于将气体燃料从液化气运输船上的罐中供给到船上发电系统。
背景技术
在现有技术甲烷运输船中，发电系统包括一个蒸汽锅炉，该锅炉把蒸汽供给驱动推进器的汽轮机。蒸汽锅炉利用货物中的气体作为燃料。在隔热罐中的甲烷处于液态，并且液面上方的汽相(gaseous phase)是在接近1巴的压力下。
对锅炉的供给一方面取自液体上方的汽相，该气相在所要求的压力下通过一个输送给锅炉燃烧器的轴向压缩机直接从液相上方被吸入，而另一方面通过吸入从罐中泵出的液体并传送到蒸发器；在出口处，气体膨胀到压缩机入口的压力，该压力接近1巴，并用直接来自汽相的气体送给压缩机，上述气相由于罐中自然蒸发而产生。
如果仅仅靠自然蒸发不足以供给船上的能量需求，则产生通过将泵出的液体转化成气相所得到的部分。
上述类型的装备也可以用来将气体燃料提供给其它发电系统，而不仅是由锅炉供汽给气轮机的发电系统。因此，法国专利FR 2 722 760介绍了一种装备，该装备将气体燃料供给内燃机，内燃机驱动交流发电机向耦合到推进器上的电动机供电。
发明内容
本发明提出一种新型装备，它尤其能减少压缩机功率，并提供一种装备，该装备用于从液化气运输船的一个储罐中将气体燃料供给船上的发电系统，上述罐内装有上述液化气以及在液体-蒸汽分离表面上方的汽相气体，上述装备包括一个压缩机和一个埋入式泵，上述压缩机由一电动机驱动，并且压缩机的入口在上述罐中液体表面的上方吸气，而出口将气体排入上述发电系统的进给歧管中，上述埋入式泵在罐底部处通过一根管道连接到蒸发器的入口上，其特征在于：蒸发器的出口与上述歧管和一根回流管连接，上述回流管用于使液体返回罐中并带有一个调节阀。
根据本发明，提供了一种用于将液化气运输船上的罐中气体燃料供给到该船上发电系统的装备，罐中装有上述液化气和汽相气体，而上述汽相气体是在一液体—蒸汽分割的表面上方，上述装备包括：
一个压缩机，上述压缩机由一电动机驱动，并且压缩机的入口在上述罐中液体表面的上方吸气，其出口将气体排入上述发电系统的进给歧管中，
一个泵，上述泵埋在罐底部处通过一根管道连接到一蒸发器的入口上，蒸发器的出口连接到上述歧管上，
一根回流管，用于使液体返回到罐中并带有一个调节阀，上述回流管连接到连接泵和蒸发器的管道上，
位于连接泵和蒸发器的管道中的一个第二开关阀，该第二开关阀位于上述回流管与连接泵和所述蒸发器的管道的连接部分的下游，
其特征在于：一第一自动控制器控制泵的起动和停止，以及连接泵和蒸发器的管道中的所述开关阀的打开和关闭。
根据本发明的另一个特点，将一个调节阀装到一根管道上，该管道连接到上述歧管上并通向气体氧化器。
根据本发明的另一个特点，一第一自动控制器控制泵的起动和停止，连接泵和蒸发器的管道中开关阀的打开和关闭，及向气体氧化器供气的调节阀的打开和关闭，上述所有操作都随罐中的压力变化而变。
根据本发明的另一个特点，一第二自动控制器随连接泵和蒸发器的管道中测得的压力变化而控制回流管中调节阀的打开和关闭。
根据本发明的另一个特点，一第三自动控制器随发电系统进给歧管中测得的压力的变化而控制驱动上述压缩机的电动机的转速和压缩机入口叶片的角度。
附图说明
下面参照附图说明本发明的一个实施例，其中：
图1示出一个按照本发明的装备。
图2示出泵和两个阀的状态随罐中压力而变化的曲线图。
图3示出调节功能的曲线图。
具体实施方式
参见图1，目的是用气体燃料供应液化气运输船上的发电系统，例如甲烷运输船。图中示出了一个液化气罐1。
发电系统2可以包括驱动交流发电机的柴油机，用于生产供船上电气设备和动力装置用的电力，但也可以供料给包括锅炉的常规系统，该锅炉用于产生蒸汽供给驱动推进器的汽轮机。
罐1装有在-163℃下的液化气3和位于液体表面与上方的汽态气体4。罐中的压力接近大气压。设备包括一个压缩机6，其入口吸入汽态气体4，而其出口将气体排入到系统2的歧管7中。在罐的底部处，一个埋入式的泵8通过管道9连接到蒸发器10的入口上，蒸发器的出口连接到歧管7上。
通向罐1并装有调节阀12的回流管11连接到管道9上，并且管道9包括一个开关阀13，该阀13位于回流管11与管道9的连接部分下游。
装有调节阀15的管道14也连接到歧管7上，该调节阀15位于蒸发器10的出口与歧管7连接部分的下游并通向一个气体氧化化器16，该气体氧化器有时叫做燃烧炉。
最后，压缩机6由一电动机17驱动，电动机17的转速由一自动控制器18控制，该自动控制器18接收来自压力表19的信息，上述压力表19用于测量歧管7中气体的压力。自动控制器18还随着压力表19测得的压力变化控制压缩机6的入口叶片角度。
位于蒸发器10入口处的开关阀13是一个由第二自动控制器20控制的开关阀，该第二自动控制器20在其输入处接收有关由压力表21提供的罐1中压力的信息；除了控制开关阀13之外，它还控制调节阀15和泵8的起动与停止。最后，压力表22测量管道9中的压力，并把这个信息传送到一个第三自动控制器23，该第三自动控制器23控制调节阀12。
上述装备在这方面与现有技术装备不同，蒸发器的出口不再连接到压缩机的入口上，而是连接到它的出口上，实际上是连接到进料给系统2的歧管7上。由于泵出的液体已经被泵8加压，这避免了使其与来自罐中的自然蒸发的气体一样膨胀到接近大气压的压力，正如在现有技术中所必需的那样，在现有技术中，蒸发器的出口连接到压缩机的入口上。
因此，只有来自罐2中汽相4的气体被压缩，这样减少了生产所有传送到系统2的气体所需的动力消耗。
操作如下：
压缩机6连续运行并因此连续吸入在空间4中蒸发的气体。
根据决定罐的外部和内部之间热交换的条件及罐中液体的量，罐内部的压力稍有改变，并且压力用下面方式调节。
图2示出随着罐1中压力的变化，泵8的打开或切断的位置，开关阀13的打开或关闭位置，及调节阀15打开的百分比(0-100％)。调节阀15的位置在该图中用曲线C表示，该曲线C位于压力P3和P4之间；曲线b示出当压力P2朝罐1中压力增加的方向变化时，开关阀13关闭且泵8停止；曲线a示出当压力P1朝罐1中压力减小的方向变化时，开关阀13打开且泵8起动。
低于P1，罐中的自然蒸发不足以满足船上的能量需求，因此，泵8起动且开关阀13打开。这是当罐1接近排空时的情况。
当罐1装满时，并且视决定与外部热交换的条件而定，或者当通过在4处自然蒸发产生的气体足够但不过量时，那么只有压缩机6运行，泵8停止且开关阀13关闭；压力刚一达到和超过P2，或者当压力达到一个P3及通过自然蒸发生产过量并必需排出未被系统2消耗的过量气体时，就发生这种情况，随后调节阀15被逐渐打开，直至如果压力达到P4调节阀100％打开那一点。随着压力表21测量的罐中压力的变化，这都受自动控制器20控制。图3示出这种调节功能。
与此同时，且如图3所示，蒸发器的输送压力依从于一个设定点压力P0并利用回流管11上的调节阀12调节，调节阀12的打开百分比(从0-100％)随压力表22测量的管道9中压力的变化而受自动控制器23控制：对等于或小于P5的值，调节阀12关闭，而在P5和P6之间调节阀12打开，在P6处时调节阀12完全打开。与歧管7中压力相对应的蒸发器出口压力基本上与蒸发器输送压力相同。
压缩机具有一个调节设定点值，该值等于蒸发器的值(P0)，蒸发器中的压降忽略不计。歧管7中的气体压力用压力表19测量，并与通过自动控制器加到压缩机上的压力设定点相比压力反馈。压缩机不断地直接吸入罐中气体，因此系统2消耗更大量的气体，并且歧管7中的压力因此下降。这种压缩机调节功能忽略罐中的气体压力。压力表19测量歧管中的压力，并将它传送到自动控制器18，自动控制器18对压缩机6的驱动电机17的转速和压缩机入口叶片的角度产生影响。这种调节器功能是快速的，并且立即补偿歧管中任何突然的压降；它提供一个很大的气体缓冲器，因为压缩机从具有很大容积的罐中吸气。
蒸发器10的压力调节设定点是P0。罐压由压力表21测量。如果压降低于P1，则泵8起动以便通过蒸发器将气体送入歧管7，其结果是减少了被压缩机6从罐中吸入的气体量，并因此限制了罐中的压降。
供给气体氧化器16的调节阀15保护罐以防过压；它从压力P3开始打开，上述气体氧化器有时称之为燃烧炉。
在上述例子中，P1，P2，P3和P4的各个值是1060，1070，1180和1200毫巴，当泵8运转时，歧管7中和蒸发器入口处的压力P5和P6分别是5巴和6巴，并且设定点的压力P0为5.5巴。
当然，自动控制系统18，20和23可以组合在一起成为一集中控制和指令系统，所有必要的数据都送到该系统中：罐1中的压力，管道9中的压力和歧管7中的压力，并且指令从该系统传送到致动器。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于将液化气运输船上的罐(1)中气体燃料供给到该船上发电系统(2)的装备，罐(1)中装有上述液化气和汽相(4)气体，而上述汽相(4)气体是在一液体—蒸汽分割的表面(5)上方，上述装备包括：
一个压缩机(6)，上述压缩机(6)由一电动机(17)驱动，并且压缩机的入口在上述罐(1)中液体表面的上方吸气，其出口将气体排入上述发电系统(2)的进给歧管(7)中，
一个泵(8)，上述泵(8)埋在罐底部处通过一根管道(9)连接到一蒸发器(10)的入口上，蒸发器(10)的出口连接到上述歧管(7)上，
一根回流管(11)，用于使液体返回到罐中并带有一个第一调节阀(12)，上述回流管(11)连接到连接泵(8)和蒸发器(10)的管道(9)上，
位于连接泵(8)和蒸发器(10)的管道(9)中的一个第二调节阀(13)，该第二调节阀(13)位于上述回流管(11)与连接泵(8)和所述蒸发器的管道(9)的连接部分的下游，
其特征在于：一第一自动控制器(20)控制泵(8)的起动和停止，以及连接泵(8)和蒸发器(10)的管道(9)中的所述第二调节阀(13)的打开和关闭。
2.根据权利要求1的装备，其特征在于：一第三调节阀(15)被装到一管道(14)上，该管道(14)连接到上述歧管(7)上并通向气体氧化器(16)。
3.根据权利要求1的装备，其特征在于：所述第一自动控制器(20)控制向气体氧化器(16)供气的所述第三调节阀(15)的打开和关闭，上述控制全都随罐中压力变化而改变。
4.根据权利要求1的装备，其特征在于：一第二自动控制器(23)随着连接泵(8)和蒸发器(10)的管道(9)中测得的压力的变化，控制回流管(11)中所述第一调节阀(12)的打开和关闭。
5.根据权利要求1的装备，其特征在于：一第三自动控制器(18)随发电系统(2)的进给歧管(7)中测得的压力变化，控制驱动上述压缩机(6)的上述电动机(17)的转速和压缩机入口叶片的角度。
6.根据权利要1的装备，其特征在于：一个集中控制和指令系统随着罐中压力的变化，控制泵(8)的起动和停止，连接泵(8)和蒸发器(10)的管道(9)中的第二调节阀(13)的打开和关闭，及向氧化器(16)供气的第三调节阀(15)的打开和关闭，随着连接泵(8)和蒸发器(10)的管道(9)中测得的压力的变化，控制回流管(11)中第一调节阀(12)的打开，及随着发电系统(2)的进给歧管(7)中测得的压力的变化，控制用于驱动压缩机(6)的电动机(17)的转速和压缩机入口叶片的角度。
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KR100980103B1 (ko) 2010-09-07
KR20030077978A (ko) 2003-10-04
JP4373112B2 (ja) 2009-11-25
EP1348620B1 (fr) 2006-11-22
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DE60309764D1 (de) 2007-01-04
FR2837783B1 (fr) 2004-05-28
FR2837783A1 (fr) 2003-10-03

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