CN1267030C - 饮料产品 - Google Patents
饮料产品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1267030C CN1267030C CNB031103367A CN03110336A CN1267030C CN 1267030 C CN1267030 C CN 1267030C CN B031103367 A CNB031103367 A CN B031103367A CN 03110336 A CN03110336 A CN 03110336A CN 1267030 C CN1267030 C CN 1267030C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fat
- oil
- phytosterol
- grease
- composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
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- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
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Abstract
一种饮料产品,该饮料产品含有0.2-10wt.%的油脂组合物和0.2-1wt.%的植物甾醇,而所述油脂组合物含有15wt.%以上的二酰基甘油。
Description
本申请是1999年2月17日提交的题为“含有植物甾醇的油脂组合物”的PCT/JP99/00686号发明专利申请的分案申请,原申请于1999年11月18日进入中国国家阶段,并获得中国专利申请号99800322.0。
发明领域
本发明涉及油脂组合物,在日常生活中,象普通的脂肪同样地使用时,能够降低胆固醇水平高的人血液中胆固醇的含量。本发明还涉及含有该油脂组合物的食品、饮料和药物制品。
背景技术
已发现植物甾醇是一种能减少血液中胆固醇的有效基本物质。它大量包含在植物种籽中,通常的食用植物油也含有大约0.1-1.0Wt.%的植物甾醇。
JP-A 10-179086(EP-A 839 458)公开的食物和饮料是通过添加大量维生素E和乳化剂使植物甾醇溶解在油中。JP-B 56-14087公开了制备软胶囊填充物的方法,该胶囊含有一种油溶剂可与主要含有植物甾醇的大豆残渣兼容。JP-B 6-59164公开了用作食品添加剂使用的一种含甾醇的凝胶型组合物,该组合物是由HLB小于8的亲脂乳化剂和常温下为液体的油脂混合形成的。那些专利还公开了二酰基甘油可用作乳化剂。美国专利5,843,499公开了用玉米纤维油(大约73%的油脂、6%的二酰基甘油、4%的游离甾醇、14%的甾醇酯)作为以胆固醇降低为目的的补助食品的添加剂。WO98/01461公开的专利申请是关于在微量的新陈代谢方面作为催化剂有用的、二价以上的金属离子以及和微量1,2-二甘油酯与植物甾醇起反应来获得一种有机金属配合物的药物。
然而,上面讨论的早先技术的组合物,含二酰基甘油的数量太少,以致不能有效影响脂肪的新陈代谢速率。他们所含大量的维生素E、含水凝胶型的食品添加剂的存在形态,使得它们在日常生活中不可能以原有形态象油脂那样被人们摄取。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种油脂组合物,它能降低胆固醇水平高的人体血液中胆固醇的含量,在日常生活中食用时类似于普通的油脂,与平常的食用油脂相比较,在外观、味道、加热烹任等方面可以没有任何问题地使用。本发明还提供含有该油脂组合物的药物制品、食品或饮料;具体而言,例如为饮料,餐后甜点,冰淇淋,调味品,顶层加料,蛋黄酱,烤内用的调味沙司,人造黄油,涂抹料,花生奶油,油炸品,烘焙酥饼、炸土豆片,小吃食,蛋糕,饼干,馅饼,面包,巧克力,焙烤混合物,加工肉产品,冷冻正菜和冷冻食品。
具体实施方式
本发明人已发现,将植物甾醇溶解或容纳在含有特殊多羟醇/脂肪酸酯的油脂中所得到的油脂组合物可以像平常食用脂肪一样地使用,并且能使血液中胆固醇浓度降低,从而实现本发明。
当植物甾醇和胆固醇一起被摄入时,在小肠中形成竞争性的胶粒团,可以减少胆固醇吸入体内,因而降低血液中胆固醇水平。所以重要的是,为了提高植物甾醇在小肠中形成胶粒的比率,植物甾醇应溶解在被摄入的脂肪中。
本专利申请书的共同发明人研究了这些要点并发现,当植物甾醇被溶解或分散在含有大量二酰基甘油的油脂中时、特别是当二酰基甘油主要由1,3-二酰基甘油(它已被公认能有效抑制体内脂肪的积聚)组成时,植物甾醇即使在已结晶的情况下在体内也很容易溶解,其效果增强。
本发明提供的油脂组合物,是将1.2-20wt.%的植物甾醇溶解或分散在含有15wt%以上二酰基甘油的油脂中。该油脂的二酰基甘油含量范围可以是15-95wt.%,优选30-95wt.%,更优选55-95wt.%,特别优选80-95wt.%。植物甾醇的含量范围可以从1.2到10wt.%、优选从1.2到小于5wt.%、更优选从1.2到4.7wt.%。
本发明是将0.05~20wt.%的植物甾醇溶解或分散在含二酰基甘油80wt.%以上的油脂中形成的淡色油脂组成物。该二酰基甘油是通过水解脂肪并蒸馏该水解产物得到的脂肪酸和甘油在一种酶存在条件下使之酯化而得到的。该组合物的植物甾醇含量可以从0.05到10wt.%,优选从0.05到小于5wt.%,更优选从0.05到4.7wt.%。
上述两种组合物中,游离态植物甾醇与植物甾醇酯的比例,优选是0.25以上。由二酰基甘油组成的脂肪酸优选含有55wt.%以上的不饱和脂肪酸,更优选70wt.%以上。具体地说优选由20-65wt.%的油酸和15-65wt.%的亚油酸所组成。
本发明提供含有上述油脂组合物的调和油,提供含有上述油脂组合物的食品,含有上述油脂组合物、能降低血液中胆固醇的药物制品,用含有3-95wt.%的油脂(该油脂含有15wt.%以上的二酰基甘油和1-20wt.%的植物甾醇)加工的食品,以及含有0.2-10wt.%的油脂0.2-1wt.%的植物甾醇的饮料产品(该油脂含有15wt.%以上的二酰基甘油)。
本发明也提供一种方法来降低血液中胆固醇水平,该方法包括给人服用上述油脂组合物和用上述油脂组合物制造能降低血液中胆固醇的药物制品。
如后记的表1所示,二酰基甘油在油脂中配合量为15%(重量)以上时,可以显著改善植物甾醇的可溶性,所以它们掺入到脂肪中的量可以在15%(重量)以上,优选30%(重量)以上,更优选55%(重量)以上,特别优选80%(重量)以上。当大量二酰基甘油与植物甾醇组合使用时,对脂质新陈代谢有一种协同作用。
然而,从成本性能的观点来看,二酰基甘油的用量优选不超过95%(重量)。
适合本发明中使用的二酰基甘油是脂肪酸成分包含C8-22饱和脂肪酸或不饱和脂肪酸的二酰基甘油。因为本发明的油脂组合物如普通食用脂肪一样地应用,所以优选使用的二酰基甘油其脂肪酸成分至少55%(重量)以上、更优选至少70%(重量)以上是不饱和脂肪酸。含有这种不饱和脂肪酸族的二酰基甘油至少在人体温度下是液体,所以可预期会通过提高植物甾醇的溶解而产生脂肪新陈代谢促进作用。特别优选不饱和脂肪酸由20-65%(重量)的油酸和15-65%(重量)的亚油酸所组成。
二酰基甘油可用下列方法得到:(1)使油脂与甘油进行酯交换反应;或(2)使脂肪酸和甘油酯化反应。上述反应既可以用碱金属、碱土金属的氢氧化物作催化剂以化学的方式进行,也可以用酶催化方式进行反应。
工业高纯的二酰基甘油可以优选用(2)酶催化方法来制备,因为(1)化学方法容易降低油脂的质量,比如着色。
①在250-260℃时用蒸汽使油脂分解,并蒸馏这种分解产物得到的脂肪酸,②在200-240℃时用蒸汽使油脂分解所得到的部分水解产物或③在20-70℃时用酶催化方法使油脂分解所得到的部分水解产物,都可以用作初始脂肪酸。在任何方法中,把20-80份按重量份数计算的水加到100份按重量份数计算的油脂中可以进行分解反应。
使用这种方法得到的脂肪酸在1-位,3-位选择性脂肪酶存在的条件下脱水酯化得到高收率的淡色二酰基甘油(含有少于20wt.%的甘油三酯和少于5wt.%的甘油一酯),其纯度80wt.%以上,只轻微着色(根据Lovibond方法,10R+Y的值为20以下)。
用于本发明的油脂并无特别限制,只要它是一种普通食用油脂就行。其例子包括天然动物和植物的油及脂肪以及由其通过酯交换反应、加氢、分馏等方法得到的精炼脂肪。优选使用的是,如豆油、菜油、米糠油、玉米油和棕榈油等植物油以及由其得到的精炼脂肪。
用于本发明的植物甾醇其优选的例子包括α-谷甾醇、β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇、麦角固醇、菜油甾醇、α-谷甾烷醇、β-谷甾烷醇、豆甾烷醇、菜籽甾烷醇、环阿屯醇等等,及其脂肪酸酯、阿魏酸酯、肉桂酸酯、苷等等。
本发明中,溶解在油脂组合物中的植物甾醇含量没有特别限制,只要它处于溶解状态就行。从与普通食用油相比赋予更好的降低胆固醇的效果这种立场来看,溶解在油脂组合物中的植物甾醇含量应为1.2%(重量)以上,优选2.0%(重量)以上,更优选2.5%(重量)以上。其上限小于5wt.%,更优选不超过4.7wt.%。另外,植物甾醇如果在20wt.%以下,优选10wt.%以下时,在含有二乙酰基甘油的油脂组成物中,加热下一旦溶解的话,在存放中即使析出结晶转变成固体,因在体温下可以再溶解,仍能使用。
如上所述,利用在250-260℃时用蒸汽分解油脂并蒸馏该分解产物所得到的脂肪酸,能得到纯度高达80wt.%以上、轻微着色的二酰基甘油(包含小于20wt.%的甘油三酯和小于5wt.%的甘油一酯)。然而,在这种方法里,因为使用由蒸馏而得到的脂肪酸,包含在初始油脂中、其含量约0.05-约1.0wt.%的植物甾醇将会丢失。含有这种二酰基甘油的组合物,其含有的植物甾醇量较少,因此它与天然油脂相比降低胆固醇的作用也较弱。
从补充丢失的植物甾醇,使之具有降低血液中胆固醇的效果的观点着眼,溶解在油脂组合物中的植物甾醇含量应为0.05wt.%以上。
作为补充的植物甾醇来说,最好是取自平常食物中的游离态植物甾醇,因为少量补充就足以影响胆固醇减少的作用过程。在含有80wt.%以上二酰基甘油的油脂中,游离态植物甾醇在常温下可完全溶解,其溶解量可高达4.7wt.%,因此可预期出现较好的降低胆固醇的作用。从这个观点来看,补充的植物甾醇优选游离态与酯的比例为0.25以上。此外,用常规方法使油脂和甘油相互化学酯化所得到的二酰基甘油容易在颜色方面变质,(根据Lovibond方法,其数值为30以上),含有植物甾醇少于1wt.%。当从中蒸馏除去多余的甘油一酯时,游离态将减少,因而二酰基甘油的游离态与酯的比例将小于0.25。
本发明的油脂组合物适合于用作佐餐烹调油。
本发明的油脂组合物从可以象一般的食用油脂同样地使用的观点出发,对于烹调或者油炸时,发烟点优选在170℃或170℃以上。该脂肪组合物中一酰基甘油的含量优选为2%(重量)以下,更优选1.5%(重量)以下。
更进一步,与普通食用脂肪一样,为确保贮存的稳安性和味道的稳安性,优选在本发明的油脂组合物中加入抗氧化剂,其量为50到2,000ppm。该抗氧化剂优选包含一个或多个从天然抗氧化剂、维生素E、棕榈酸抗坏血酸酯、硬脂酸抗坏血酸酯、BHT、BHA、磷脂等中选择的成分。更优选包含一个或多个从天然抗氧化剂、维生素E、棕榈酸抗坏血酸酯、磷脂等中选择的成分。
本发明的油脂组合物能象普通食用油一样使用,并能用于以脂肪加工的食品。例如,它可用于用脂肪加工的水包油类型食品,比如饮料,餐后甜点,冰淇淋,调味汁,套色,蛋黄酱,和烤肉用的沙司;用脂肪加工的油包水类型食品,比如人造黄油和涂味品;精制脂肪食品比如花生奶油,油炸品,和使面点烘烤时酥松的油脂;精制食品比如炸土豆片、快餐点心、蛋糕,饼干,馅饼,面包和巧克力;以及其他食品包括面包店的混合料,加工肉制品,冷冻正菜和冷冻食品。
还优选用本发明的油脂组合物作胶囊、糖衣、模压颗粒,糖果,或滴剂形式的降低胆固醇的制剂。
植物甾醇被溶于二酰基甘油里会增强降低血液中胆固醇的作用。但是在食品中,即使植物甾醇以不溶解在二酰基甘油里的状态存在,也能发现具有增强降低血中胆固醇作用的效果。即在食物的脂质成分中含有15wt.%以上的二酰基甘油,并且通过配合使用植物甾醇,能制成可以降低血液中胆固醇水平的食品。在该食物的脂质成分中,二酰基甘油与植物甾醇的重量比可以从0.5到200,优选从10到200,更优选从12到100,最优选从15到60。
下面,对于将本发明的油脂组合物应用于油脂加工食品的情况,进行详细说明。
本发明用油脂加工食品,其油脂含量(食用油脂和二酰基甘油的总量)的优选范围是3-95wt.%,而植物甾醇含量的优选范围是1-20wt.%。另外油脂中的二酰基甘油含量可以在15wt.%以上,优选范围15-95wt.%,更优选30-95wt.%,特别优选55-95wt.%,最优选80-95wt.%。
制备用油脂加工的食品时,可以将植物甾醇溶解或分散在油脂中添加,或者与油脂分开单独添加。
在本发明中,所谓油脂加工的食品就是指用上述油脂组合物和其它食品原料配合加工的食品。下面就是使用油脂加工食品的原料成分的例子。
a)食用油脂
上述每种食用油脂
b)乳化剂
蛋白质,比如鸡蛋蛋白质,黄豆蛋白质,牛奶蛋白质,从这些蛋白质中分离出来的蛋白质,这些蛋白质的(部分)分解产物等各种蛋白质,蔗糖脂肪酸酯,山梨聚糖脂肪酸酯,甘油脂肪酸单酯,蛋黄素或其酶促分解产物。
c)增稠剂
黄原胶、明胶、瓜尔胶、角叉菜胶、果胶和黄蓍胶等增稠多糖类以及淀粉类。
d)调味品比如食盐、糖、醋和调料
e)香料,比如调味香料
f)着色剂
g)抗氧化剂,比如维生素E和天然抗氧化剂成分。
有关本发明的油脂加工食品的优选配方例子如下所述。
(1)水油类型酸性的油脂加工食品
.油相与水相的比例;20/80-80/20(优选25/75-75/25)
.油相每份油脂中二酰基甘油含量;15-95wt.%(优选55-95wt.%)
.植物甾醇含量;1-8wt.%(优选2-5wt.%)
.乳化剂含量;0.05-5wt.%(优选0.1-3wt.%)
.PH值;2-6(优选3-5)
用食用醋、有机酸,比如柠檬酸(或其盐)、酸味剂,比如柠檬汁可以调整PH值。使用上述材料,可以用常规方法制备水包油类型酸性的油脂加工食物产品配制品,如调味品和蛋黄酱,它们具有降低血液中胆固醇的作用且在外观、味道和口感上没有异常。
(2)油包水类型具有可塑性的油脂加工食品
.油相与水相的比例;90/10-50/50(优选80/20-65/35)
.油相每份油脂中二酰基甘油含量;15-90wt.%(优选55-90wt.%)
.植物甾醇含量;1-7wt.%(优选2-5wt.%)
.油相的油脂熔点;20-50℃(优选20-40℃)
食品中的植物甾醇优选使用从植物甾醇得到的、粒径几乎都不超过100μm的针状晶体(每100个晶体中有5个以下),并且从植物甾醇中得到的针状晶体熔点不超过40℃。
使用上述材料,可以用常规方法制备油包水类型具有可塑性的用油脂加工的食物产品配制品,如人造黄油和涂味品,它们具有降低血液中胆固醇的作用且在口感和speadabilityh等方面没有异常。
(3)具有方便携带性的油脂加工食品
.油脂的含量;3-30wt.%(优选3-20wt.%)
.每份油脂中二酰基甘油的含量;15-95wt.%(优选25-95wt.%)
.植物甾醇的含量;1-20wt.%(优选5-20wt.%)
.糖;40-90wt.%
.碳酸发泡剂;0-20wt.%
糖可以使用蔗糖,葡萄糖、麦芽糖和果糖等,碳酸发泡剂可以使用小苏打等膨胀剂和酒石酸、富马酸和柠檬酸等酸类。
使用上述材料,可以用常规方法制备适于携带的用油脂加工的食物产品配制品如片剂、糖果和胶状物,它们具有降低血液中胆固醇的作用。特别是通过添加碳酸发泡剂改进了在嘴中的熔化特性。
(4)含油脂的饮料
.油脂的含量;0.2-10wt.%(优选0.4-10wt.%)
.每份油脂中二酰基甘油的含量;15-95wt.%
.植物甾醇的含量;0.2-1wt.%
.糖;5-20wt.%
.增稠稳定剂;0.05-2wt.%
(5)烘烤的饼干
.油脂的含量;10-40wt.%(优选20-35wt.%)
.每份油脂中二酰基甘油的含量;15-95wt.%
.植物甾醇的含量;1-20wt.%(优选1-15wt.%)
.面粉;20-40wt.%
.糖;5-25wt.%
.蛋;5-20wt.%
.食盐;0.1-0.5wt.%
.发酵粉;0-1wt.%
实施例:
在本实施例中,除非另有说明,百分比都是以重量为基础的。
[二酰基甘油的配制]
20g市售脂肪酶制品(具有1,3-位特异选择性的脂肪酶,商品名“Lipozyme 3A”,Novo Industri A.S生产。)与通过分解菜油所得到的100克脂肪酸(脂肪酸组合物:3.9%的棕榈酸,1.7%的硬脂酸,57.0%的油酸,21.9%的亚油酸,和12.8%的亚麻酸)和15克的甘油相混合。该混合物在45℃下反应6小时,同时该系统内部减压至5mmHg。从最终反应混合物中经过滤分离出脂肪酶制品,并用分子蒸馏法分离未反应的脂肪酸和一酰基甘油,得到72g纯化的二酰基甘油(试制样品1)。试制样品1是酯化组合物,含有0.7%的一酰基甘油、89.8%的二酰基甘油和9.5%的三酰基甘油。它的色调(根据Lovibond方法确定的10R+Y值)为16,而植物甾醇含量为0%。
酯化组合物用下述方法分析:先用酯-甲硅烷基化试剂(例如甲硅烷基化试剂TH(商品名),Kanto化学公司生产)使每个样品甲硅烷基化,接着用配有毛细管柱(例如DBTM-1(商品名),J&W公司生产)和氢火焰离子检测器的气相色谱仪检测甲硅烷基化产物,并根据保留时间和峰值面积的比例来确定酯化物组成。
把5%的植物甾醇(Tama生物化学公司生产的、商品名为“植物甾醇”)加入到已调整好二酰基甘油浓度的样品1和精炼菜油的混合物中。将所得到混合物加热并熔化,然后冷却到5℃。一个星期后,用孔径尺寸为0.45μm的过滤器滤出沉淀的植物甾醇晶体,并用气相色谱仪测定溶解在过滤液中的植物甾醇含量。结果列于表1。由表1可见,当二酰基甘油含量超过15%时,植物甾醇的溶解度急剧地增大。
表1
二酰基甘油含量 | 0 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 30 |
溶解的植物甾醇含量 | 0.50 | 0.56 | 1.19 | 2.35 | 4.58 |
实施例1到4和比较实施例1到3
将配制样品1加入到精炼菜油中以制备含有不同浓度二酰基甘油的脂肪。进一步,溶解植物甾醇(商品名为“植物甾醇”,Tama生物化学公司生产)以得到含有不同浓度植物甾醇的油脂组合物A(实施例1),油脂组合物B(实施例2),油脂组合物C(实施例3;不含精炼菜油),油脂组合物D(实施例4),和油脂组合物E(比较例1)。为作比较,制备了在精炼菜油中只添加植物甾醇而得到的油脂组合物F(比较例2)和在精炼菜油中添加植物甾醇及其助溶剂油酸而得到的油脂组合物G(比较例3)。每种油脂组合物的组成和性质同作为食用脂肪的风味进行比较的评价结果见表2。
表2
组成(按重量份数计算) | 二酰基甘油含量 | 植物甾醇含量 | 外观 | 味道 | |
Ex.1(油脂组合物A) | 精炼菜油+试制样品1+植物甾醇(53 ∶ 45 ∶ 2) | 40.1% | 1.8% | 透明 | 味道和气味上没有异常 |
Ex.2(油脂组合物B) | 精炼菜油+试制样品1+植物甾醇(32 ∶ 65 ∶ 3) | 59.4% | 2.8% | 透明 | 味道和气味上没有异常 |
Ex.3(油脂组合物C) | 试制样品+植物甾醇(95 ∶ 5) | 85.1% | 4.7% | 透明 | 味道和气味上没有异常 |
Ex.4(油脂组合物D) | 精炼菜油+试制样品1+植物甾醇(63 ∶ 34 ∶ 3) | 30.3% | 2.8% | 透明 | 味道和气味上没有异常 |
比较例1(油脂组合物E) | 精炼菜油+试制样品1+植物甾醇(84 ∶ 12 ∶ 4) | 10.8% | 3.7% | 半透明 | 味道和气味上没有异常 |
比较例2(油脂组合物F) | 精炼菜油+植物甾醇(97 ∶ 3) | 0.8% | 2.4% | 半透明 | 味道和气味上没有异常 |
比较例3(油脂组合物G) | 精炼菜油+植物甾醇+油酸(86 ∶ 4 ∶ 10) | 0.7% | 3.8% | 透明 | 味道和气味有异常 |
1)用上述的气相色谱仪分析。
2)根据标准脂肪分析方法(日本油化学学会),2.4.9.2甾醇(毛地黄皂苷-气相色谱法)。
3)在室温(25)贮存一个星期以后目视检查。
4)与市售精炼脂肪作感官比较。
实施例5
五十六位空腹血液中胆固醇水平超过220mg/dl(平均血液中胆固醇水平:243.0mg/dl)的应试者分成七个小组,各组八名成员。应试者进餐时以烹饪油方式服用上述油脂组合物A、B、C、D、E和F及精炼菜油,其量是每天10克。服用14和28天后测量血液中胆固醇浓度。结果列于表3。
表3
初始水平(mg/dl) | 服用14天后(mg/dl) | 服用28天后(mg/dl) | |
油脂组合物A | 239.88±14.47 | 233.13±16.15 | 229.25±11.41 |
油脂组合物B | 248.75±18.68 | 237.13±19.12 | 232.25±13.59* |
油脂组合物C | 243.50±14.77 | 221.00±25.89** | 220.86±23.07** |
油脂组合物D | 247.90±15.21 | 236.05±17.85 | 232.16±12.38* |
油脂组合物E | 240.50±15.11 | 238.95±17.50 | 236.20±18.66 |
油脂组合物F | 238.75±15.32 | 239.63±18.08 | 235.63±17.61 |
精炼菜油 | 241.75±15.19 | 244.13±22.36 | 240.75±23.10 |
与初始水平相比较有明显差别*:P<0.05 **:P<0.01
±:SE
服用油脂组合物B、C和D的小组成员,其血液中胆固醇浓度与初始水平相比明显减小。服用油脂组合物A的小组成员中,观察到了血液中胆固醇浓度减小的趋向,但与初始值相比较无明显差异。服用油脂组合物E和F以及精炼菜油的小组成员中,既没有观察到血液中胆固醇浓度与初始水平相比有明显的差别,也没有硬察到浓度减小的趋向。
实施例6
使用油脂组合物B、C和G,给每种组合物添加维生素E(400ppm)后制成烹饪油,然后用于炸猪排烹调进行评价。每种烹饪油300克放置在深煎锅中,猪腰(120克×2片)用蛋、面包碎屑和面粉组成的涂层复盖进行烹调。
以市售色拉油为标准,由五位专家按下述四个等级对烹饪油就烹调时发烟情形、可使用性、和味道,舌感、及炸猪排的油腻性进行评价。结果示于表4。
发烟
◎完全地不发烟
○几乎不发烟
△轻微发烟
×发烟
在烹饪上的可使用性
◎很好
○好
△稍差
×差
味道
◎很好
○好
△稍差
×差
舌感
◎很好
○好
△稍粗糙
×坏
油腻
◎很轻微
○比较轻微
△勉强算作轻微
×不属轻微
表4
发烟 | 可用性 | 味道 | 舌感 | 油腻 | |
脂肪组合物B | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ○ |
脂肪组合物C | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ○ |
脂肪组合物G | × | × | × | △ | ○ |
市售色拉油 | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ◎ | ○ |
由于用油酸作为植物甾醇的增溶剂,所以由油脂组合物G制成的烹饪油发烟严重,可用性很差,并且使炸猪排有一种强烈的刺激味道。相比较之下,含有油脂组合物B和C的烹饪油与市售色拉油具有同样地使用效果。
实施例7
按下面的配方用油脂组合物C制备奶油蛋卷。称量下面的物质(不包括油脂组合物C)并用混合器以低速混合30秒钟。然后,加入油脂组合物C,混合器以低速混合5分钟再以中速混合22分钟。所得到生面团在27℃发酵30分钟,进一步在5℃下低温发酵15小时。所得到的生面团分成37克/份,通风15分钟以后做成圆形。成形生面团在33℃和湿度75%下发酵60分钟然后在190℃烘焙9分钟以制作奶油蛋卷。(奶油蛋卷配方)
面粉(强劲的) 100.0按重量份数计算
酵母 5.0 ″
酵母食物 0.1 ″
糖 15.0 ″
盐 2.0 ″
脱脂奶粉 4.0 ″
整蛋 50.0 ″
脂肪组合物C 30.0 ″
水 15.0 ″
十二位空腹血液中胆固醇水平超过200mg/dl的应试者每天早餐服用两份上面制备的奶油蛋卷(大约68克;按脂肪组合物含量计大约10克)共十天来考察血液中胆固醇水平的变化。结果发现,在开始的时候十二位应试者的平均血液中胆固醇水平是232.81±19.01mg/dl,但在服用10天后,其平均血液中胆固醇水平为211.53±23.49mg/dl。因此,观察到血液中胆固醇含量以很明显的差值(P<0.05)在减小。
实施例8
按照上述制备二酰基甘油方法使用从棕榈油和豆油的混合物为原料得到的分解脂肪酸,可得到二酰基甘油(试制样品2)。
(试制样品2的组合物)
脂肪酸组合物
棕榈酸 19.8%
硬脂酸 4.1%
油酸 29.1%
亚油酸 40.1%
亚麻酸 4.9%
酯化组合物
一酰基甘油 0.4%
二酰基甘油 88.3%
三酰基甘油 11.3%
将试制样品2、硬化菜油(碘价:89,熔点:29℃)和以植物甾醇重量比为30∶67∶3的比例配合制成油脂组合物H。
使用油脂组合物H作为油煎酥松剂制备法式炸土豆并进行评价。将10公斤油脂组合物H注入炸锅并加热到180℃。将去皮的马铃薯切成薄片,用水清洗,除去水汽,在上述炸锅中加热3分钟以制备法式炸土豆。这些法式炸土豆的油含量大约是12%。
接着,用这些法式炸土豆来确定它们降低血液中胆固醇的作用。八位空腹血液中胆固醇水平超过200mg/dl的应试者在每天晚餐中服用上述法式炸土豆100克(按脂肪组合物含量计算大约12克)共十天来考察血液中胆固醇水平的变化。结果发现,八名应试者的平均血液中胆固醇水平在开始的时候是233.43±17.66mg/dl,但服用法式炸土豆十天后该平均血胆固醇水平为219.37±20.81mg/dl。因此,存在血液中胆固醇水平降低的趋向。
实施例9(蛋黄酱)
[二酰基甘油的配制]
用分解大豆油而得到的脂肪酸,按实施例1的同样方法进行反应和纯化,得到了下面组成的二酰基甘油(试制样品3)。
(试制样品3的组合物)
脂肪酸组合物
肉豆蔻酸 0.1%
棕榈酸 2.6%
硬脂酸 0.8%
油酸 28.4%
亚油酸 59.7%
亚麻酸 6.9%
花生四烯酸 1.2%
二十碳烯酸 0.3%
酯化组合物
一酰基甘油 0.8%
二酰基甘油 88.7%
三酰基甘油 11.5%
如表5所示,本发明的油脂组合物I和J和作比较用的油脂组合物K和L是通过将试制样品3和/或植物甾醇(Tama生物化学公司生产、商品名为“植物甾醇”)添加到精炼豆油中而制成的。
表5
组成(按重量份数计算) | 二酰基甘油含量 | 胆固醇含量 | |
油脂组合物I | 精炼豆油+试制样品3+植物甾醇(4 ∶ 92 ∶ 4) | 81.7% | 4.2% |
油脂组合物J | 精炼豆油+试制样品3+植物甾醇(4 ∶ 92 ∶ 2) | 81.7% | 2.2% |
油脂组合物K | 精炼豆油+植物甾醇(96 ∶ 4) | 1.44% | 4.2% |
油脂组合物L | 精炼豆油+试制样品3(8 ∶ 92) | 81.7% | 0.3% |
使用上面的油脂组合物,按下面的配方制备蛋黄酱。
分别将每种油脂组合物I、K和L滴入水相,同时搅拌预先乳化。用匀浆器将该预先乳化液均质化以制备蛋黄酱①、③和④,其平均颗粒尺寸为2.5-3.5μm。
油脂组合物J滴入水相,同时搅拌以预先乳化。将2%植物甾醇粉加入到该预先乳化液中,然后用匀浆器将该预先乳化液均质化以制备蛋黄酱②,其平均颗粒尺寸为2.5-3.5μm。
(蛋黄酱配方)
(水相)
盐 3.0 按重量份数计算
精炼纯糖 1.0 ″
调味品(谷氨酸钠) 0.5 ″
香料(芥末粉) 0.3 ″
蛋黄 14.0 ″
醋(10%酸度) 8.0 ″
增稠剂 0.5 ″
水 22.7 ″
(油相)
油脂组合物 50.0 ″
[血液中胆固醇浓度的评估]
四十位空腹血液中胆固醇水平超过220mg/dl(平均血液中胆固醇含量:242.5mg/dl)的应试者分成四个小组,每组十名成员。应试者进餐时服用上述蛋黄酱①到④每天20克。服用14天后测量血液中胆固醇浓度。结果示于表6。
表6
初始含量(mg/dl) | 服用14天后(mg/dl) | |
蛋黄酱① | 240.5±5.6 | 228.5±4.6* |
蛋黄酱② | 243.9±8.0 | 234.4±8.9* |
蛋黄酱③ | 242.9±6.2 | 239.0±8.6 |
蛋黄酱④ | 244.0±7.2 | 241.1±9.4 |
与初始含量明显不同 *:P<0.05。
±:SE
服用蛋黄酱①和②的小组成员,其血液中胆固醇浓度与初始水平相比明显降低。服用蛋黄酱③和④的小组成员,既没有观察到血液中胆固醇浓度与初始水平相比有明显的减小,也没有观察到浓度降低的趋向。
[外观、味道和口感的评价]
六位专家对上述蛋黄酱就组织结构、光泽、形状保持、味道和舌感进行评价。在四种蛋黄酱中给出了比较值。蛋黄酱①、②和④没有任何问题,而蛋黄酱③舌感粗糙。当植物甾醇未与二酰基甘油共存时,就会存在口感问题。
实施例10(涂抹料)
(涂抹料配方)
(油相)
油脂* 65.4 按重量份数计算
植物甾醇 2.7 ″
蛋黄素 0.1 ″
甘油一酯 0.5 ″
缩合甘油三蓖麻醇酸酯 0.5 ″
味道 0.1 ″
(水相)
水 29.2 ″
脱脂奶粉 0.3 ″
盐 1.3 ″
*油脂;66%上述二酰基甘油(试制样品3)/31%部分硬化棕榈油(IV=40),油的熔点:34.8℃
制备上述油相和水相,然后用均匀混合器(Tokushu Kika Kogyo制造)混合并乳化10分钟。所得到的乳状液用常规方式快速冷却以使它塑化。这样,就产生一种涂抹料。
[评价]
由专家评估所得到的涂抹料的质量(口感和味感)。这种涂味品,无论是刚生产出的还是在5℃下贮存一个月以后的,都没有粗糙感,而是口感滑爽,并且具有良好的可溶性。很容易把它们平滑地在面包上涂上薄薄的一层。
针状植物甾醇晶体的颗粒尺寸及其熔化温度,用装备有加热载物台的光学显微镜(加热载物台型“FP82HT”;光学显微镜型“奥林帕斯BX50”)测定。这种涂抹料,无论是刚生产出的还是在5℃下贮存一个月以后的,都没有颗粒尺寸大于100μm的晶体,并且所有的晶体都可以在40℃以下溶解。
实施例11(片剂)
(片剂的配方)
木糖醇 45 按重量份数计算
山梨糖醇 44 ″
二酰基甘油(试制样品3) 5 ″
植物甾醇 5 ″
调味品 1 ″
二酰基甘油和植物甾醇混合、加热熔化,然后冷却。所得到的块状物磨成粉并与其他组分混合。按常规方式将其制成片剂,得到重量为每片2克的片剂①。按相同的方法,但使用豆油代替二酰基甘油,可分别得到片剂②。
[血液中胆固醇浓度的评估]
二十位空腹血液中胆固醇水平超过200mg/dl(血液中平均胆固醇水平:242.5mg/dl)的成年男性应试者分成两个小组,每组十位成员。应试者晚餐以后服用上述片剂①和②,每天4片。服用14天后测量血液中胆固醇浓度。结果示于表7。
表7
初始水平(mg/dl) | 服用14天后的水平(mg/dl) | |
片剂1片剂2 | 248±7.8236±5.4 | 218±5.2*238±6.5 |
与初始水平有明显差别 *:P<0.05
±:SE
实施例12(糖果)
(糖果配方)
糖 33 按重量份数计算
液体糖* 48 ″
二酰基甘油(试制样品3) 5 ″
植物甾醇 5 ″
柠檬酸 3 ″
小苏打 5 ″
调味品 1 ″
*液体糖;MC45,Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku制造(液体糖度70%;45%的麦芽糖和25%的葡萄糖)
糖和液体糖相混合并加热以使它均质化。再加入其他组分,并且按常规方法将该混合物注入模子中制成糖果。这些糖果具有降低血液中胆固醇的作用,口中可溶性也改进了。
实施例13(饮料)
用油脂组合物C制备饮料。
(饮料配方)
(油相)
油脂组合物C 10 按重量份数计算
蛋黄素 0.05 ″
蔗糖脂肪酸酯(低HLB) 0.05 ″
(水相)
糖 20 ″
牛奶蛋白质 2 ″
水果汁提取液 5 ″
蔗糖脂肪酸酯(高HLB) 0.05 ″
增稠剂 0.1 ″
水 加至100
制备上述油相和水相并用均匀混合器在65℃下混合20分钟进行预先乳化,然后用匀浆器均质化。所得到的乳状液用连续消毒机超高温度下消毒,并且无菌瓶装。所得到的饮料饮用时平滑地通过咽喉。
Claims (2)
1.一种饮料,该饮料含有0.2-10wt.%的油脂和0.2-1wt.%的植物甾醇,而所述油脂含有15wt.%以上的二酰基甘油,其中植物甾醇中甾烷醇除外。
2.权利要求1所述的饮料,其中植物甾醇选自α-谷甾醇、β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇、菜油甾醇、环阿屯醇及其脂肪酸酯、阿魏酸酯、肉桂酸酯、苷。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP75898/1998 | 1998-03-24 | ||
JP7589898 | 1998-03-24 | ||
JP75898/98 | 1998-03-24 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN99800322A Division CN1125596C (zh) | 1998-03-24 | 1999-02-17 | 含有植物甾醇的油脂组合物 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1515197A CN1515197A (zh) | 2004-07-28 |
CN1267030C true CN1267030C (zh) | 2006-08-02 |
Family
ID=13589618
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CNB031103448A Expired - Fee Related CN1195420C (zh) | 1998-03-24 | 1999-02-17 | 油脂加工食品 |
CNB031103367A Expired - Fee Related CN1267030C (zh) | 1998-03-24 | 1999-02-17 | 饮料产品 |
CN99800322A Expired - Fee Related CN1125596C (zh) | 1998-03-24 | 1999-02-17 | 含有植物甾醇的油脂组合物 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CNB031103448A Expired - Fee Related CN1195420C (zh) | 1998-03-24 | 1999-02-17 | 油脂加工食品 |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN99800322A Expired - Fee Related CN1125596C (zh) | 1998-03-24 | 1999-02-17 | 含有植物甾醇的油脂组合物 |
Country Status (10)
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US (1) | US6326050B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0990391B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3720057B2 (zh) |
CN (3) | CN1195420C (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9904796B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2279402C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69940629D1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0990391T3 (zh) |
MY (1) | MY125898A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1999048378A1 (zh) |
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-
1999
- 1999-02-17 DE DE69940629T patent/DE69940629D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-17 BR BRPI9904796-9A patent/BR9904796B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-02-17 CN CNB031103448A patent/CN1195420C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-02-17 JP JP52819599A patent/JP3720057B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-02-17 DK DK99905211T patent/DK0990391T3/da active
- 1999-02-17 EP EP99905211A patent/EP0990391B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-17 CN CNB031103367A patent/CN1267030C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-02-17 WO PCT/JP1999/000686 patent/WO1999048378A1/ja active Application Filing
- 1999-02-17 CA CA002279402A patent/CA2279402C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-17 CN CN99800322A patent/CN1125596C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-02-19 MY MYPI99000590A patent/MY125898A/en unknown
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1448059A (zh) | 2003-10-15 |
WO1999048378A1 (fr) | 1999-09-30 |
EP0990391A1 (en) | 2000-04-05 |
CA2279402C (en) | 2009-04-07 |
CA2279402A1 (en) | 1999-09-24 |
CN1125596C (zh) | 2003-10-29 |
EP0990391B1 (en) | 2009-03-25 |
BR9904796B1 (pt) | 2012-02-22 |
CN1195420C (zh) | 2005-04-06 |
DE69940629D1 (zh) | 2009-05-07 |
US6326050B1 (en) | 2001-12-04 |
MY125898A (en) | 2006-08-30 |
EP0990391A4 (en) | 2002-09-25 |
DK0990391T3 (da) | 2009-06-08 |
CN1515197A (zh) | 2004-07-28 |
BR9904796A (pt) | 2000-05-30 |
JP3720057B2 (ja) | 2005-11-24 |
CN1258199A (zh) | 2000-06-28 |
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