CN1261794A - 增溶的舍曲林组合物 - Google Patents
增溶的舍曲林组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1261794A CN1261794A CN98806763A CN98806763A CN1261794A CN 1261794 A CN1261794 A CN 1261794A CN 98806763 A CN98806763 A CN 98806763A CN 98806763 A CN98806763 A CN 98806763A CN 1261794 A CN1261794 A CN 1261794A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sertraline
- solubilizing agent
- compositions
- acid
- ester
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- VGKDLMBJGBXTGI-SJCJKPOMSA-N sertraline Chemical compound C1([C@@H]2CC[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C32)NC)=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 VGKDLMBJGBXTGI-SJCJKPOMSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 229960002073 sertraline Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 44
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 39
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- -1 glyceride ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N aspartic acid group Chemical group N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229960002989 glutamic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012729 immediate-release (IR) formulation Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960004106 citric acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- ARIWANIATODDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N rac-1-monolauroylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO ARIWANIATODDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
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- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- ODIGIKRIUKFKHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (n-propan-2-yloxycarbonylanilino) acetate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)N(OC(C)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODIGIKRIUKFKHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 4
- 229950007687 macrogol ester Drugs 0.000 claims 4
- VLPFTAMPNXLGLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctanoin Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC VLPFTAMPNXLGLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
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- GHBFNMLVSPCDGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N rac-1-monooctanoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO GHBFNMLVSPCDGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
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- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-DUZGATOHSA-N D-araboascorbic acid Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-DUZGATOHSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 229940026239 isoascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 8
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- GLQPTZAAUROJMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)benzaldehyde Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 GLQPTZAAUROJMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 229960003660 sertraline hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 7
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 5
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 5
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propyl gallate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940091181 aconitic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H calcium citrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 4
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- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N cis-aconitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C(C(O)=O)=C\C(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-aconitic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)=CC(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000013337 tricalcium citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTXGTHVAWRBISV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO CTXGTHVAWRBISV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XZIIFPSPUDAGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-chloro-2-n,2-n-diethylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=NC(N)=CC(Cl)=N1 XZIIFPSPUDAGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
本发明涉及含有舍曲林和增溶剂的组合物,其中,增溶剂用于提高舍曲林在含氯离子水性使用环境中的溶解性。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及含有舍曲林或其可药用盐和增溶剂的组合物,增溶剂的作用是防止舍曲林在含氯离子使用环境中形成凝胶或者是保持其溶解性。本发明还涉及治疗精神病和其它疾病的方法,包括给需要治疗的哺乳动物,包括人类患者,施用含有舍曲林的增溶型组合物。
发明背景
舍曲林是选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRI),它被用作抗抑郁药和减食欲药,用于治疗强迫性-强制性紊乱,经前烦躁症,外伤后承受力紊乱,化学药品依赖症,与焦虑有关的紊乱,恐慌和早泄。
舍曲林是治疗抑郁症最常用的处方,通常,给药剂量在50-200mg/天范围。舍曲林的消除半衰期为23小时,因此,每天给药一次即可。作为商品,舍曲林一般以盐酸盐形式出售,其治疗效果不可否认,许多患者由此获益。
但是,有些形式的舍曲林,特别是表现高溶解性的盐,也可能出现问题。这种盐的溶解性一般超过10mg/ml,当暴露于含氯离子的使用环境如胃肠道时,会表现出形成凝胶的趋势和/或表现为溶解性降低(例如,在使用环境中形成比最初给药时的盐形式的溶解性低的盐或游离碱形式的沉淀)。凝胶本身将会慢慢溶解,并以缓慢的速度释放舍曲林,因此影响吸收。现在还不知道胶凝是否是损害舍曲林在使用环境中的溶解性的唯一机理。但是,无论什么机理,如果溶解性受到影响,体内进行即释剂型给药肯定会增加治疗的难度。对于使用控制释放剂型的情况,也会类似地出现问题,因为剂型的控制释放方式可能会由于影响溶解性的因素存在而在体内发生变化。因此,舍曲林盐在含氯离子环境中无法预料的胶凝现象会由于不期望地改变了剂型的释放方式,无论是立即释放还是控制释放方式,而造成治疗困难。舍曲林胶凝的机理还没有被完全弄清,而且,由于无法预料就地形成的凝胶的释放特性,所以,它本身可能成为治疗上更大的问题。
特别是,持续释放剂型中的舍曲林的胶凝在众所周知的非侵蚀基质系统,储蓄系统和渗透系统这样的持续释放系统中可能是有害的。在各种这类持续释放制剂中药物的释放取决于药物穿过剂型(基质或包衣层)内一段距离进入周围流体的传输情况。这种药物的传输可能是扩散或对流机理引起的。在这两种机理中凝胶的形成会使传输降低一个量级或更多,而且,在一些情况下可能会导致剂型不能完全释放其中所含的药物(比如,少于制剂中全部药物的70%)。
发明概述
本发明提供了适于给哺乳动物,包括人类,给药的组合物,它含有舍曲林或其可药用盐和一定量的赋形剂。本文所称的“增溶剂”足以影响舍曲林溶解于含氯离子使用环境的浓度,与组成基本相同只是不含所说增溶剂的组合物(即对照物)相比,溶解的舍曲林的浓度至少提高1.5倍,优选提高2倍,更优选提高3倍。使用环境主要指胃肠道,包括胃,小肠和大肠的体内水性消化液,和体外水性含氯离子试验介质,如下文所述。本组合物适于配制成口服剂型,包括片剂,胶囊剂,多微粒剂和用于口服悬浮液的粉末,以及单位剂量包(本领域有时候称之为“小药囊”)。除此之外,本组合物还可以用于液体剂型,如口服溶液或悬浮液和注射制剂。为了将本发明组合物制成口服剂型,本领域已知的常规技术都可以使用。此外,组合物还含有其它常规药物成分和/或可药用载体。
通过本发明可以确定,对于在使用环境中形成凝胶或降低溶解性的含舍曲林盐的剂型,通过将舍曲林与增加舍曲林溶解性的增溶剂一起使用,可以明显增加溶解性,而且,在有些情况下,可以显著减小溶液的粘度。增溶剂还最好能保持溶解度,也就是说溶解的舍曲林在使用环境中的含量,无论所用的盐如何,其浓度都维持在大于或等于没有增溶赋形剂的同类剂型中的舍曲林的浓度1.5倍至少2小时。对于很多剂型,维持舍曲林的浓度大于或等于没有增溶赋形剂的同类剂型中的舍曲林的浓度1.5倍较长时间,如4小时,8小时,16小时或20小时,可能是有利的,而这可以通过选择增溶剂及其用量来实现。另外,人们还确定了在没有增溶剂的含氯离子使用环境中,例如,如0.075M氯化钠溶液的试验环境,舍曲林的溶解度一般都小于10mgA/ml,通常是小于5mgA/ml,无论使用何种盐,并且尽管有这样的事实,即许多盐本身在纯水(即无氯离子的水)中的溶解度都超过10mgA/ml。因此,增溶剂也被认为是保持舍曲林在含氯离子使用环境中的浓度为10mgA/ml以上的化合物。
这里及权利要求书中所提到的“增溶剂”应理解为还包括在组合物中使用不止一种增溶剂,包括分别加入或作为混合物形式使用。
如上所述,术语“使用环境”可以指水性的体内含氯离子的胃消化液,或体外用来测试剂型的舍曲林释放特性的含氯离子水性环境。用于本发明的体外试验环境是0.075M氯化钠。优选0.075M氯化钠作为试验介质的原因是它极易得到,而且与在胃肠道液中测量到的低水平氯离子有类似的氯离子浓度。《血液和其它体液》(Blood & OtherBody Fluid),Dorothy S.Dittmer编著,美国实验生物学学会联盟(Federation of American Societies for ExperimentalBiology),Washington,D.C.,1961,pp.404-419。因此,作为另一个特征,本发明还提供了确定一个剂型是否属于本发明范围的体外试验,即本发明提供了含有舍曲林或其可药用盐以及一定量的增溶剂的组合物,其中,增溶剂的用量要足以使舍曲林溶解并至少在2小时内保持溶解在0.075M氯化钠中的舍曲林浓度比组分相同但不含所说增溶剂的对比组合物产生的浓度高至少1.5倍。尽管象下文解释的那样,搅拌的程度或类型不是关键性的,但在试验期间应该搅拌。据信盐溶液的温度不是特别关键的,只要在整个试验期间为37±3℃即可。赋形剂,包括增溶剂,都应该在加入舍曲林和氯化钠之前在水性试验溶液中达到所要求的浓度。然后加入舍曲林,使其浓度达到在试验溶液中其饱和浓度的80-100%。滗出溶液或滤掉固体,在所得溶液中慢慢加入3M NaCl,同时搅拌,直到NaCl在试验溶液中的浓度达到0.075M。2小时后将试验溶液中的舍曲林浓度与以同样方法制备并由同样成分组成的只是不含增溶剂的对照溶液比较。
或者,通过体内试验,如交换研究,鉴定增溶赋形剂。在体内交换研究中将增溶的含舍曲林剂型给药于由12个或更多人组成的一组中的一半人,并在适当消耗期(如一周)之后给相同的对象服用组分相同但不含增溶剂的剂型。给该组的另一半人先服用未增溶剂型,然后再服用增溶剂型。通过测量舍曲林血液浓度与时间关系的曲线下方的面积(AUC)来确定各组的最大血液浓度(Cmax)和/或生物利用度。通过比较可以作出对增溶剂型的评价。如果含有增溶剂的剂型的平均Cmax或AUC比不含增溶剂的剂型大10%或更多,则该增溶赋形剂在本发明中是可用的。Cmax和/或AUC大于至少15%是优选的,更优选二者都大于20%。AUC的测定法是已知方法,而且,例如,在Peter Welling的“药物动力学;方法和数学(Pharmacokinetics;Processes andMathematics)”(ACS Monograph 185,Amer.Chem.Soc.,Wash.D.C.,1986)中有所描述。因此,作为本发明的另一个特征,本发明提供了含有舍曲林或其可药用盐以及增溶剂的组合物,其中,增溶剂的用量要足以使体内Cmax和/或AUC比组分相同但不含所说增溶剂的对比组合物(即对照组)产生的Cmax和/或AUC至少大10%。
本发明还提供了增加舍曲林在水性含氯离子环境中的溶解性的方法,包括以含有舍曲林和增溶剂的组合物形式服用所说的舍曲林。
本发明令人惊奇之处在于,在本发明之前人们还不知道(1)在含氯离子环境中存在舍曲林溶解性降低现象,也不知道(2)任何存在的化学剂都会降低或防止舍曲林胶凝或降低舍曲林在含氯离子使用环境中的溶解性,或者,增加舍曲林在这种使用环境中的溶解性。这里所用术语“增溶的舍曲林”指含有舍曲林或舍曲林盐加赋形剂(即增溶剂)的组合物,其中赋形剂用于防止胶凝或增加,优选保持,舍曲林盐在体内或体外含氯离子的使用环境中的溶解性。类似地,术语“增溶”用来表示相比没有使用增溶剂的情况,舍曲林盐在使用环境中的溶解性至少增加1.5倍。
本发明优选使用天冬氨酸盐,乙酸盐和乳酸盐,因为相对于游离碱而言,这些盐在水中表现出较高的溶解性。这些盐公开于共同转让未决申请PC9337JTJ,PCT申请指定美国,这里引作参考。
为了方便和统一,这里及权利要求书中所说的治疗量的“舍曲林”是指活性舍曲林,本文缩写为“mgA”,即分子量为306.2的非盐非水合游离碱。无论要求什么形式的盐,都可将用mgA表示的用量方便地转换成盐的当量。
本发明所用的许多增溶剂可分成以下几类:
1.有机酸和有机酸盐;
2.偏甘油酯,即甘油的不完全酯化衍生物,包括甘油一酯和甘油二酯;
3.甘油酯;
4.甘油酯衍生物;
5.聚乙二醇酯;
6.聚丙二醇酯;
7.多元醇酯;
8.聚氧乙烯醚;
9.脱水山梨糖醇酯;及
10.聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇酯,
11.碳酸盐。
发明详述
用于本发明组合物的增溶剂的用量取决于具体所用的增溶剂。
对于增溶剂是有机酸的情况,增溶剂的优选用量可以按一个比值乘以要用的舍曲林量计算,该比值是有机酸的溶解度与舍曲林盐的溶解度之比,即:(有机酸或盐的溶解度/舍曲林或舍曲林盐的溶解度)×舍曲林的用量其中,溶解度用mg/ml表示。上述表达式是近似的,经过适当调整有利于优化作用。总之,上述表达式将给出一个量,最后所用的量为这个量加上±25%。虽然可以使用较多量的增溶剂,但不会增加任何特别的益处。另外,可以加入有机酸盐以改善有机酸的pH和/或溶解度,有效地优化增溶剂的增溶作用。
对于所列的其它类型的增溶剂,剂型中增溶剂的典型用量将为所用舍曲林用量的1-150%,优选1-100%,更优选3-75%。尽管用量超过150%被认为在大多数情况下没有特别益处,但增溶剂的用量也可以高于150%。
舍曲林的盐或与舍曲林结合的赋形剂有利于实际上要用于口服给药的任何种类的舍曲林剂型,包括立即释放型和控制释放型,还包括(1)持续释放剂型,当它们经过肠胃系统时将计量放出舍曲林,及(2)延迟释放剂型,当它们被摄入并经过最初的延迟期之后放出舍曲林。加入赋形剂的目的是增加舍曲林的溶解性。即释剂型是已知的,而且固体制剂和液体制剂都可以买到。舍曲林的控制释放剂型已经讨论过,并且公开于共同转让未决申请Pfizer文档PC9337JTJ和PC9824JTJ,这两个申请均为PCT申请指定美国,在此均全部引作参考。通过增加扩散的基质系统,如基质剂型和储蓄剂型的浓度梯度,增溶的舍曲林可以提高从剂型中释放舍曲林。增溶舍曲林还可以提高从渗透剂型输送的能力,其中,更可溶的舍曲林可以增加药芯中的渗透压,以及增加从剂型中泵出或挤压出的液体中舍曲林的浓度。另外,增溶舍曲林可以通过有助于药物从胃肠道的吸收有益于持续释放剂型。例如,由于较高浓度梯度穿过肠壁,所以,结肠中较高的药物浓度可以增加吸收。
应该注意,当前商品化的舍曲林剂型是含有舍曲林盐酸盐的即释剂型。尽管已经证明盐酸盐非常有效,但仍可以通过加入增溶剂来利于含盐酸盐的剂型。
本发明所用有机酸的实例包括苹果酸,柠檬酸,异抗坏血酸,己二酸,谷氨酸,天冬氨酸,马来酸,乌头酸和抗坏血酸。优选的酸有柠檬酸,异抗坏血酸,抗坏血酸,谷氨酸和天冬氨酸。有机酸的盐,如碱土金属(镁,钙)盐和碱金属(锂,钾,钠)盐,以及有机酸与其盐的混合物也可以使用。钙盐,如碳酸钙,乙酸钙,抗坏血酸钙,柠檬酸钙,葡糖酸钙一水合物,乳糖酸钙,葡庚糖酸钙,乙酰丙酸钙,泛酸钙,丙酸钙,磷酸氢钙,葡萄糖二酸钙是优选的有机酸盐。
上述其它种类的化合物的实例汇总于表1。
表1
增溶剂
类别 | 实施例,化学名称 | 实施例,商标名(供货商) |
偏甘油酯 | 一辛酸甘油酯 | Monocaprylin(Sigma),CapmulMCM(Abitec),Imwitor308(Huls) |
C8-C10偏甘油酯 | CapmulMCM(Abitec),Imwitor742(Huls),Imwitor988(Huls) | |
一油酸甘油酯 | Myverol18-19(Eastman),CalgeneGMO(Calgene),CapmulGMO(Abitec) | |
一亚油酸甘油酯 | Myverol18-92(Eastman) | |
一硬脂酸甘油酯 | Imwitor191(Huls),CalgeneGSO(Calgene) | |
一月桂酸甘油酯 | Imwitor312(Huls),CalgeneGLO(Calgene) | |
二月桂酸甘油酯 | CapmulGDL(Abitec) | |
甘油酯 | 三乙酰甘油酯 | 三乙酰甘油酯(Sigma) |
甘油酯衍生物 | PEG衍生的甘油酯 | CremophorRH40,CremophorRH60(BASF),AccononCA5,CA-9,CA-15,W230,TGH(Abitec) |
聚乙二醇化甘油酯 | Gelucire44/14,42/12,50/13,53/10,35/10,48/09,46/07,62/05,50/02;Labrasol(Gattefosse);Capmul3GO;3GS,6G20,6G2S,10G40,10G100(Abitec) |
聚乙二醇酯 | PEG200一月桂酸酯PEG400一月桂酸酯PEG600一月桂酸酯 | Calgene20-L,Calgene40-L,Calgene60-L |
PEG200一硬脂酸酯PEG400一硬脂酸酯PEG600一硬脂酸酯 | Calgene20-S,Calgene40-S,Calgene60-S | |
PEG200二月桂酸酯PEG400二月桂酸酯PEG600二月桂酸酯 | Calgene22-L,Calgene42-L,Calgene62-L | |
聚丙二醇酯 | 聚丙二醇二辛酸酯 | Captex200(Abitec) |
多元醇酯 | 二甘醇一月桂酸酯 | CalgeneDGL |
丙二醇一月桂酸酯 | CalgenePGML | |
棕榈酸抗坏血酸酯 | 棕榈酸抗坏血酸酯(Sigma) | |
聚氧乙烯醚 | PEG月桂基醚 | 非离子L-4(Calgene) |
PEG硬脂基醚 | 非离子S-20(Calgene),Myrj 45,52,53,59(Sigma) | |
脱水山梨糖醇酯 | 脱水山梨糖醇一月桂酸酯 | CalgeneSML,Span20(Sigma) |
脱水山梨糖醇一油酸酯 | CalgeneSMO,Span80(Sigma | |
聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇酯 | POE-20脱水山梨糖醇一月桂酸酯 | CalgenePSML-20,Span20(Sigma),Tween20(Sigma),CapmulPOE-L(Abitec) |
POE-20一油酸酯 | Tween80,PSMO-20 | |
糖酯类 | 蔗糖一月桂酸酯 | Ryoto LW-1540(Chem Service) |
磷脂类 | 磷脂酰胆碱 | 卵磷脂(Sigma) |
混合的磷脂 | Emphos D70-30C(Witco) | |
嵌段共聚物 | PEO-PPO嵌段共聚物 | PluronicF-68,F127,L-62(BASF) |
聚乙二醇 | PEG3350 | 各种来源 |
另外,可用作本发明增溶剂的其它化合物有丙酸乙酯,羟苯甲酸甲酯,羟苯甲酸丙酯,镓酸丙酯,烟酸酰胺,乙基香草醛,对氨基苯甲酸,丁酸化的羟基茴香醚,亚胺脲(imidurea)和甘氨酸。还应该注意,优选的组合物包括有机酸或相应的有机酸盐与一种或多种上述或列于表1中的非有机增溶剂的混合物。还应该注意,人们已经普遍观察到,为了获得最好效果增溶剂在含氯离子的水性使用环境中的溶解度至少应该是1mg/m1,优选大于5mg/ml。
除了上述优选的有机酸之外,优选的各种增溶剂还包括表2中所列的那些。
表2
优选的增溶剂
类别 | 实施例,化学名称 | 实施例,商标名(供货商) |
偏甘油酯 | 一辛酸甘油酯 | Monocaprylin(Sigma),CapmulMCM(Abitec),Imwitor308(Huls) |
C8-C10偏甘油酯 | CapmulMCM(Abitec),Imwitor742(Huls),Imwitor988(Huls) | |
一硬脂酸甘油酯 | Imwitor191(Huls),CalgeneGSO(Calgene) | |
一月桂酸甘油酯 | Imwitor312(Huls),CalgeneGLO(Calgene) | |
甘油酯 | 三乙酰甘油酯 | 三乙酰甘油酯(Sigma) |
脱水山梨糖醇酯 | 脱水山梨糖醇一月桂酸酯 | CalgeneSML,Span20(Sigma) |
脱水山梨糖醇一油酸酯 | CalgeneSMO,Span80(Sigma) | |
磷脂类 | 磷脂酰胆碱 | 卵磷脂(Sigma) |
混合的磷脂 | EmphosD70-30C(Witco) | |
嵌段共聚物 | PEO-PPO嵌段共聚物 | PluronicF-68,F127,L-62(BASF) |
聚乙二醇 | PEG3350 | 各种来源 |
注:上述供货商详情如下:Abitec Corp.,Janesville,WIBASF,Parsippany,NJCalgene Chemical Inc.,Skokie,ILChem Service,Inc.,West Chester,PAHuls America,Piscataway,NJSigma,St.Louis,MOWitco,Houston,TX
优选的增溶剂结合物包括(1)有机酸加相同或不同有机酸的盐,(2)有机酸加非离子增溶剂,如表1中所列的那些,及(3)有机酸加相同或不同有机酸的盐加非离子增溶剂。
特别优选的单个增溶剂包括天冬氨酸,一辛酸甘油酯,乙酸钙,抗坏血酸,柠檬酸,谷氨酸及碳酸钙。天冬氨酸,一辛酸甘油酯和乙酸钙是最优选的。
如上所述,一个剂型可以在体外进行试验以确定在含氯离子的使用环境中赋形剂是否对舍曲林有增溶作用,并因此被用作增溶剂。虽然其它氯离子浓度等于或高于0.075M的含氯离子溶液(例如,0.1NHCl或等渗盐水)可用于确定被试验赋形剂的增溶作用,但优选用0.075M氯化钠作为试验介质。一些情况下,采用向试验介质中添加,例如,粉末剂型这种简单办法就可以证明溶解性降低了,因为胶凝是可见的。类似的问题可以由,例如,片剂得到证实,例如,如果将片剂切开,就可以在其切面上看见胶凝现象。推荐的方法是先制备含有所要赋形剂,包括增溶剂的溶液,相对于所要实现的剂型,赋形剂可以是任意浓度,但一般有机酸和可溶性盐或糖的浓度为饱和浓度的80-100%。对于其它表面活性剂类化合物,浓度一般为试验溶液中舍曲林浓度的1-150%。加到这种含赋形剂溶液中的舍曲林的浓度一般为饱和浓度的80-100%。过滤或滗析溶液以除去其中的固体,然后加入3M氯化钠溶液,直到氯化钠浓度达到0.075M。浓氯化钠溶液应该滴加并搅拌。这种试验介质应该保持在37℃量级至少2小时,其间测定溶液中舍曲林浓度。优选舍曲林浓度应该保持4小时,更优选8小时,再更优选16小时,最优选20小时。对搅拌量没有限定。进行试验介质取样时可用过滤或离心方法获得无任何固体或凝胶物质的溶液,并且避免在样品中出现可能含有舍曲林的颗粒。确定舍曲林浓度的样品分析可以用几种常规分析方法完成,例如,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)。例如,可以利用带有ULTRACARB5 ODS 4.6×250mm柱(Phenomonex,Torrance,CA)的反相HPLC,乙酸,三乙胺,乙腈和水的混合物作为流动相,通过在230nm进行UV检测来测定舍曲林的浓度。例如,流动相可以通过合并2.86ml冰醋酸和3.48ml三乙胺,并用水稀释到1升,同时搅拌,然后过滤和脱气来制备。流速一般在1.5ml/分钟量级,滞留时间约为4分钟。
含有增溶剂的剂型可以用常规技术制成。即释剂型可以是胶囊剂,片剂,多微粒剂,液体溶液或悬浮液。胶囊制剂既可以是舍曲林溶解或悬浮于胶囊剂芯中的软明胶胶囊,也可以是装填多微粒剂,片剂或液体(溶液或悬浮液)的硬明胶胶囊。即释片剂可以用工业化标准技术简单地将增溶剂作为片剂赋形剂的一种或几种包括在内制成。同样,即释多微粒剂可以用诸如拉伸球化(extensionspheronization),旋转制粒,种芯包衣或其它制药工业中常用的方法制成。由溶液或悬浮液或它们二者构成的液体制剂可以用制药工业中常用的方法制成。
控制释放剂型可以用制药工业中常用的方法将增溶剂包括在内制成。控制释放剂型包括很多种剂型,这些剂型分别控制舍曲林的溶解速率或从剂型中释放的速率。这些剂型包括,但不限于,持续释放剂型,延迟然后立即释放剂型,延迟然后持续释放剂型,及立即释放少量舍曲林然后以持续的速率释放剂型中的大部分舍曲林的剂型。也可以采用其它释放模式,如脉冲式(pulsitile)释放。多种这样的制剂在上述共同未决申请PC9337JTJ和PC9824JTJ中有所描述。
标准技术可用来制备控制释放剂型。例如,片剂可以用常用的直接挤压方法由含有舍曲林和增溶剂的混合物压制而成。为了得到缓释剂型,可以用侧面通风的锅式包衣机(例如,HCT-60片剂包衣机,Vector公司)给片剂包上pH敏感层来制备。pH敏感层对低pH环境,例如,一般在胃中有抗性,之后,溶解在中性pH环境,例如,一般在小肠中,释放出舍曲林。这种包衣材料(例如,纤维素乙酸酯邻苯二甲酸酯或异丁烯酸共聚物)是制药工业中常用的材料。或者,片剂可以用多孔或半渗透膜包裹,得到片芯的持续释放剂型。应用于膜衣包衣特别有用的方法包括将包衣聚合物溶解于溶剂混合物,所选溶剂能随着包衣变干在所用包衣溶液中发生相逆转,最后形成具有多孔结构的膜。这类包衣系统的大量实例可参见欧洲专利说明书0 357 369 B1,公开于1990年3月7日,该文在此引作参考。许多其它类型的控制释放剂型还可以制成通过含有增溶剂而获益的形式,例如,基质系统,它包括,但不限于,(1)非侵蚀性基质、片剂、多微粒剂和水凝胶型系统;(2)亲水侵蚀性可分散性或可溶性基质系统、片剂或多微粒剂;及(3)包衣的基质系统。另一类控制释放剂型由储蓄系统构成,其中,药物的释放由膜来调控,如胶囊剂和包衣的片剂或多微粒剂。第三类剂型由渗透型系统构成,如(1)双层包衣片剂;(2)包衣均匀的片芯;(3)包衣的多微粒剂;及(4)渗透型胶囊。第四类剂型包括可溶胀系统,其中,药物通过溶胀,然后通过包衣或周围的壳或外层中的“通道”挤压出药芯组分进行释放。
下列实施例将进一步说明而非限制本发明。实施例1
本实施例论述具有提高舍曲林盐酸盐溶解性能力的有机酸。通过将候选酸溶解于水,然后搅拌过量舍曲林盐酸盐的酸溶液至少8小时,对酸进行试验。然后用HPLC分析测定表面活性剂中舍曲林的浓度。试验结果列于下面表1-1。大部分列于表中的酸成功地提高了舍曲林盐酸盐的溶解度(正常的溶解度为2.5mg/ml)。表1-1
赋形剂 | 赋形剂的大约浓度(mg/ml) | 舍曲林溶解度(mg/ml) |
D,L-苹果酸 | 900 | 21 |
柠檬酸 | 600 | 20 |
异抗坏血酸 | 400 | 19 |
己二酸 | 14 | 12 |
马来酸 | 700 | 6.4 |
L-天冬氨酸 | 10 | 5.5 |
酒石酸 | 1400 | 5.5 |
L-谷氨酸 | 12 | 5.4 |
富马酸 | 11 | 3.1 |
鞣酸 | 2000 | 2.8 |
D,L-酪氨酸 | 600 | 2.2 |
根据上述试验,优选的酸为苹果酸,柠檬酸,异抗坏血酸和己二酸。马来酸,L-天冬氨酸,酒石酸和L-谷氨酸也可以显著改善舍曲林盐酸盐的溶解性。药芯中具有这类酸的缓释剂型将比没有这类酸的剂型更有效。实施例2
本实施例论述具有提高舍曲林乙酸盐溶解性能力的有机酸,采用的试验方法与用于实施例1所述盐酸盐的方法类似。增溶剂,增溶剂浓度和最终舍曲林的溶解度列于下面表2-1。根据这些结果,包含在剂型中用于提高舍曲林乙酸盐溶解度的优选酸为抗坏血酸,异抗坏血酸,柠檬酸,乳酸,天冬氨酸,谷氨酸和乌头酸。表2-1
实施例3
赋形剂 | 赋形剂浓度(mg/ml) | 舍曲林溶解度(mg/ml) |
抗坏血酸 | 400 | >425 |
异抗坏血酸 | 400 | >330 |
柠檬酸 | 600 | 146 |
乳酸 | 213 | >294 |
天冬氨酸 | 7 | 110 |
谷氨酸 | 12 | 108 |
乌头酸 | 500 | >92 |
衣康酸 | 150 | 72 |
琥珀酸 | 77 | 28 |
无 | - | 64 |
本实施例论述具有提高舍曲林乳酸盐溶解性能力的有机酸和三种钙盐,采用的试验方法与用于实施例1所述盐酸盐的方法类似。增溶剂及其在水溶液中的浓度和舍曲林乳酸盐在试验溶液中的溶解度列于下面表3-1。舍曲林乳酸盐在水中的溶解度约为125mg/ml。下面的数据表明,以下8种有机酸溶液使舍曲林乳酸盐的溶解度等于或大于125mg/ml:己二酸,异抗坏血酸,衣康酸,柠檬酸,天冬氨酸,谷氨酸,组氨酸和抗坏血酸。而且,两种这些酸的混合溶液也有很高的溶解性:抗坏血酸和天冬氨酸。舍曲林乳酸盐在钙盐溶液,单独的(柠檬酸钙)或与抗坏血酸的混合物,中的溶解性也很高。表3-1
实施例4
赋形剂 | 赋形剂浓度(mg/ml) | 舍曲林乳酸盐的溶解度(mg/ml) |
己二酸 | 14 | 360 |
异抗坏血酸 | 400 | >217 |
衣康酸 | 150 | >202 |
柠檬酸 | 600 | 162 |
天冬氨酸 | 7 | >155 |
谷氨酸 | 12 | >125 |
组氨酸 | 42 | >116 |
抗坏血酸/天冬氨酸 | 400/7 | 116 |
抗坏血酸 | 400 | 102 |
甘氨酸 | 250 | 66 |
乌头酸 | 200 | <59 |
酒石酸 | 1400 | 12 |
富马酸 | 11 | <9 |
山梨酸 | 3 | <9 |
乳酸钙/抗坏血酸 | 50/400 | 160 |
柠檬酸钙 | 10 | 165 |
碳酸钙/抗坏血酸 | 50/400 | 176 |
无 | - | 125 |
舍曲林的氯盐和所有舍曲林乳酸盐和舍曲林乙酸盐在高浓度氯存在下的低溶解性说明药芯配方优选能使舍曲林留在当氯存在于所用环境药芯不产生沉淀或形成凝胶的溶液中的配方。通过下面的筛选试验人们发现,某些有机酸和盐可以抑制当有氯存在时舍曲林的沉淀或胶凝。将舍曲林乳酸盐单独(作为对照)或与候选赋形剂一起溶解于水中。加入氯化钠(作为浓缩溶液),然后观察结果。如果溶液保持清澈和流动,则认为该赋形剂是利于使用的。在赋形剂溶液中加入的氯越多并保持溶液清澈,则该赋形剂越有利。下列表4-1列出了筛选试验的结果,结果表明,所有参加试验的赋形剂都增加了舍曲林在氯溶液中的浓度。表4-1
实施例5
赋形剂 | 赋形剂浓度(mg/ml) | NaCl浓度(mM) | 最终舍曲林浓度(mg/ml) | 加入NaCl后的观察 |
无 | - | 38 | 22 | 凝胶/沉淀 |
抗坏血酸/天冬氨酸 | 400/7 | 152 | 162 | 溶液 |
天冬氨酸 | 77 | 114152 | 162100 | 溶液凝胶 |
抗坏血酸 | 400 | 100 | 102 | 沉淀 |
抗坏血酸/乳酸钙 | 400/50 | 150 | 165 | 溶液 |
抗坏血酸/碳酸钙 | 400/50 | 150 | 170 | 稍微浑浊 |
柠檬酸/乳酸钙 | 600/50 | 150 | 162 | 溶液 |
组氨酸 | 42 | 150 | 110 | 稍微沉淀 |
对能否提高舍曲林乳酸盐在有或没有氯存在的水溶液中的溶解性能力的有机化合物(增溶剂)进行筛选。将过量舍曲林乳酸盐加到候选增溶剂和多数情况下有有机酸存在的水溶液中。有机酸在这些溶液中被饱和,而且,添加的增溶剂及其浓度列于表5-1。测量平衡后舍曲林的溶解度。然后,在饱和溶液中加入氯化钠,并测量最终舍曲林的浓度。这些筛选试验的结果汇总于表5-1。表5-1
实施例6
序号 | 增溶剂 | 增溶剂浓度(mg/ml) | 有机酸 | 舍曲林溶解度(mg/ml) | NaCl浓度(mM) | 舍曲林浓度(有NaCl)(mg/ml) |
1 | 无(对照) | - | 无 | 125 | 150 | 5 |
2 | 一辛酸甘油酯 | 10 | 抗坏血酸 | 160 | 150 | 160 |
3 | 甘油三乙酸酯 | 100 | 抗坏血酸 | 170 | 150 | 170 |
4 | 一丁酸甘油酯 | 50 | 无 | 120 | 150 | 120 |
5 | 甘油二乙酸酯 | 50 | 抗坏血酸 | 120 | 150 | 120 |
6 | Imwitor312 | 10 | 抗坏血酸 | 120 | 150 | 120 |
7 | Imwitor375 | 10 | 抗坏血酸 | 120 | 150 | 120 |
8 | Imwitor742 | 50 | 无 | 120 | 150 | 120 |
9 | Imwitor988 | 250 | 无 | 140 | 100 | 140 |
10 | 柠檬酸三乙酯 | 50 | 抗坏血酸 | 160 | 150 | 160 |
11 | PluronicL31 | 50 | 无 | 120 | 100 | 120 |
12 | CremophoreEL | 50 | 抗坏血酸 | 120 | 150 | 120 |
13 | 蔗糖乙酸酯异丁酸酯 | 50 | 抗坏血酸 | 120* | 150 | 120 |
14 | 癸基乳酸钠 | 50 | 抗坏血酸 | 120 | 150 | 120 |
15 | 蔗糖一乳酸酯 | 50 | 无 | 150 | 150 | 150 |
16 | 月桂基乳酸纳 | 50 | 抗坏血酸 | 120 | 150 | 120 |
17 | Span 80 | 50 | 抗坏血酸 | 120 | 150 | 120 |
本实施例论述了舍曲林的增溶剂还能提高舍曲林的溶解速率。候选赋形剂对舍曲林溶解速率的作用可以用以下方法测定。将固体药物,候选增溶赋形剂,以及在一些情况下还要加入其它赋形剂,如有机酸和渗透剂(如糖)加到1.8ml离心管中。将样品试管在微型离心机中以14K G离心5分钟,以压紧粉末。向压得坚实的粉末中加入150μl胃缓冲液,并且轻轻搅动样品,然后在微型离心机中以14K G离心2分钟。从微型离心机中取出样品,然后静止放置,直到取出溶液。在将胃缓冲液加到压得坚实的粉末中总共10分钟后从样品中取出溶液,然后用HPLC进行分析以测定舍曲林的浓度。
用溶解后头10分钟测量的舍曲林在表面活性剂中溶解的浓度作为时间的函数来计算溶解速率(mg舍曲林/ml-分钟)。这些溶解速率和被测量的赋形剂混合物汇总于下面表6-1。如表所示,相比于独自使用舍曲林或使用舍曲林和抗坏血酸,有些含增溶剂的赋形剂混合物明显(约3倍或3倍以上)增加了舍曲林的溶解速率。表6-1
实施例7
候选赋形剂名称 | 赋形剂浓度(wt%) | 有机酸 | 有机酸浓度(wt%) | 渗透剂 | 渗透剂浓度(wt%) | 其它赋形剂 | 其它赋形剂浓度(wt%) | 舍曲林盐形式浓度(wt%) | 舍曲林溶解速率(mg/ml分钟) |
无 | 无 | - | 无 | 无 | 乳酸盐100 | ||||
无 | - | 抗坏血酸 | 51.0 | 乳糖 | 20 | 无 | - | 乳酸盐14 | 3.5 |
Imwitor312 | 5.0 | 抗坏血酸 | 49.5 | 乳糖 | 12.5 | CaCO3 | 5 | 乳酸盐14 | 20.9 |
卵磷脂 | 5.0 | 抗坏血酸 | 51.0 | 乳糖 | 15 | 无 | - | 乳酸盐14 | 10 |
PEG 3550 | 5.0 | 抗坏血酸 | 51.0 | 乳糖 | 15 | 无 | - | 乳酸盐14 | 9.3 |
CapmulMCM | 5.0 | 抗坏血酸 | 71.0 | 无 | - | 无 | 乳酸盐24 | 14.5 | |
CapmulMCM | 4.7 | 无 | 无 | 乳糖 | 17 | CaCO3柠檬酸钙 | 4.747 | 乳酸盐13.1 | 4.3 |
Imwitor191 | 5.0 | 抗坏血酸 | 49.5 | 乳糖 | 12.5 | CaCO3 | 1.0 | 乳酸盐14 | 8.0 |
Myvrerol(18-99) | 5.0 | 抗坏血酸 | 49.5 | 乳糖 | 12.5 | 无 | - | 乳酸盐14 | 6.4 |
Span60 | 5.0 | 抗坏血酸 | 51.0 | 乳糖 | 15 | 无 | - | 乳酸盐14 | 9.5 |
棕榈酸抗坏血酸酯 | 6.8 | 无 | 无 | 乳糖 | 74.2 | 无 | - | 乳酸盐19 | 4.3 |
对羟苯甲酸甲酯/对羟苯甲酸丙酯/镓酸丙酯 | 0.5/0.5/1.0 | 抗坏血酸 | 50.0 | 乳糖 | 17.5 | 无 | - | 乳酸盐14 | 11.5 |
Imwitor312 | 6.8 | 抗坏血酸 | 74.2 | 无 | - | 无 | - | 乳酸盐 | 5.3 |
本实施例论述包括片芯的渗透片剂的制备方法,该片芯含有舍曲林,并有或没有增溶剂,片芯由半渗透不对称膜包裹。本实施例还解释了将增溶剂掺入含有舍曲林的控制释放剂型的益处。用一个直径61/2英寸的研钵和研杵,将舍曲林盐酸盐与柠檬酸和微晶纤维素(Avicel PH 102,FMC)一起用手研磨10分钟。掺入硬脂酸镁作为润滑剂,并用刮勺搅拌60秒。舍曲林盐酸盐/柠檬酸/微晶纤维素/硬脂酸镁的重量比为8.5∶63.8∶23.7∶4;总重量为10克。掺合的混合物在一个装有压力计和3/8英寸凹模的改装的液压千斤顶(由Dayton制造)中被以2500psi压力挤压2秒钟,制成470mg片剂。所得片剂的外形尺寸为直径3/8英寸,厚1/4英寸。用LDCS-20锅式包衣机(Vector公司)以每分钟20克的喷速,在40℃的出口温度和40cfm气流下,将半渗透膜包衣材料(如US专利5,612,059所述)喷施在上述片剂上。包衣溶液中含有10wt%纤维素乙酸酯(Eastman Chemical,CA398-10),2.5wt%聚乙二醇(BASF,PEG 3350),15wt%水和72.5wt%丙酮。试验前在50℃将包衣片剂干燥1小时。干燥后包衣材料占片剂总重量的15.4%。其它通过渗透输送的片剂基本上是用上述制备片芯和给片芯包上不对称包膜的相同方法制备。各种组分的片芯和包衣溶液的配方示于表7-1。明显的片芯组分变化包括:舍曲林盐的形式,增溶剂的类型和用量,及渗透剂的类型和用量。粘合剂(Avicel),润滑剂(硬脂酸镁)和增溶剂的用量可根据需要改变,以获得较好的成片性和润湿性。这些片剂的舍曲林含量均为50mgA/片。表7-1
Im=Imwitor312 CA=纤维素乙酸酯398-10 EC=Ethocel S-100 MC=一辛酸甘油酯Mg St.=硬脂酸镁 PEG=聚乙二醇3350 Myrj=Myrj52
实施例编号 | 片芯组分 | 包衣溶液 | |||||||||||||||
芯重(mg) | 药物 | 增溶剂酸 | 增溶剂 | 渗透剂 | Avicelwt% | Mg St.wt% | 其它 | 聚合物类型 | 聚合物wt% | PEGwt% | 水wt% | 包衣重量(干wt%) | |||||
盐形式 | wt% | 类型 | wt% | 类型 | wt% | 类型 | wt% | ||||||||||
7a | 470 | 氯化物 | 12 | 无 | 无 | 乳糖 | 66 | 20 | 2 | 无 | CA | 10 | 2.5 | 15 | 15.4 | ||
7b | 470 | 乳酸盐 | 14 | 无 | 无 | 乳糖 | 65.4 | 19.3 | 1.3 | 无 | EC | 6 | 4 | 8 | 1 | ||
7c | 470 | 乳酸盐 | 14 | 天冬氨酸 | 11 | 无 | 果糖 | 38 | 29.5 | 2.5 | 乙酸钙 | CA | 10 | 2.5 | 15 | 11 | |
7d | 470 | 乳酸盐 | 14 | 谷氨酸 | 10 | MC | 5 | 蔗糖 | 50 | 15 | 无 | 乳酸钙,Mytj | EC | 6 | 4 | 10 | 10.1 |
7e | 470 | 乳酸盐 | 14 | 天冬氨酸 | 11 | Im | 5 | 果糖 | 36 | 27 | 2.5 | 乙酸钙 | CA | 10 | 2.5 | 15 | 10.3 |
7f | 470 | 乳酸盐 | 14 | 甘氨酸 | 25 | Im | 5 | 果糖 | 28.5 | 25 | 2.5 | 无 | CA | 10 | 2.5 | 15 | 15.9 |
7g | 470 | 乳酸盐 | 14 | 天冬氨酸 | 11 | Im | 5 | 果糖 | 36 | 27 | 2.5 | 乙酸钙 | CA | 10 | 2.5 | 15 | 20 |
7h | 470 | 乳酸盐 | 14 | 天冬氨酸 | 11 | 无 | 果糖 | 38 | 29.5 | 2.5 | 乙酸钙 | CA | 10 | 2.5 | 15 | 10 |
这些制剂释放舍曲林的速率可在桨式搅拌速度设定为100rpm的#2USP仪中对片剂进行试验来测定。用于溶解仪的受体溶液是pH 4.0的具有0.075M氯化钠的0.13M乙酸盐缓冲液,并保持在37℃。在表7-2中所示时刻进行受体溶液采样。用反相高效液相色谱(RP HPLC)分析释放的舍曲林。
用这些方法进行的释放速率试验的结果列于表7-2。所列的前两种制剂,7a和7b为对照实施例,表现为低释放率。这两种制剂含有舍曲林盐(盐酸盐或乳酸盐),仅用乳糖作渗透剂,且不用增溶剂。表7-2中所列的其余制剂(7c-7h)都含有一种或多种增溶剂,而且,舍曲林的释放率都明显高于不含增溶剂的制剂。表7-2
实施例编号 | 在规定的时刻所释放药物的分数(%) | ||||||
0小时 | 1小时 | 2小时 | 4小时 | 8小时 | 12小时 | 20小时 | |
7a | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
7b | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | - | 10(17小时) | 12 |
7c | 0 | 6 | 15 | 35 | 62 | 76 | 78 |
7d | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 19 | 28 | 44 |
7e | 0 | 8 | 19 | 37 | 60 | 73 | 83 |
7f | 0 | 0.7 | 6 | 17 | 37 | 54 | 78 |
7g | 0 | 0.4 | 4 | 13 | 31 | 41 | 53 |
7h | 0 | 8 | 18 | 38 | 56 | 64 | 66 |
Claims (29)
1.含有舍曲林或其可药用盐和一定量增溶剂的组合物,增溶剂的含量足以使溶解于含氯离子使用环境中的舍曲林浓度比组分基本相同只是不含所说增溶剂的对照组合物产生的舍曲林浓度高1.5倍。
2.如权利要求1所定义的组合物,其中所说使用环境是胃肠道。
3.如权利要求1所定义的组合物,其中所说使用环境是水性含氯离子试验介质。
4.如权利要求3所定义的组合物,其中所说使用环境是0.075M氯化钠。
5.如权利要求1所定义的组合物,其是即释剂型。
6.如权利要求1所定义的组合物,其是控制释放剂型。
7.如权利要求1所定义的组合物,其中所说增溶剂选自下列化合物:
1)有机酸和有机酸盐;
2)偏甘油酯;
3)甘油酯;
4)甘油酯衍生物;
5)聚乙二醇酯;
6)聚丙二醇酯;
7)多元醇酯;
8)聚氧乙烯醚;
9)脱水山梨糖醇酯;
10)聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇酯;及
11)碳酸盐。
8.如权利要求4所定义的组合物,其中所说增溶剂的含量足以使溶解的舍曲林浓度比组分基本相同只是不含所说增溶剂的对照组合物产生的舍曲林浓度高至少1.5倍且至少保持2小时。
9.如权利要求1所定义的组合物,其中所说增溶剂选自天冬氨酸,一辛酸甘油酯,一月桂酸甘油酯,乙酸钙,抗坏血酸,柠檬酸,谷氨酸和碳酸钙。
10.含有舍曲林或其可药用盐和一定量增溶剂的组合物,增溶剂的含量足以使溶解于0.075M氯化钠中的舍曲林浓度比组分基本相同只是不含所说增溶剂的对照组合物产生的舍曲林浓度高至少1.5倍且至少保持2小时。
11.如权利要求10所定义的组合物,其是即释剂型。
12.如权利要求10所定义的组合物,其是控制释放剂型。
13.如权利要求10所定义的组合物,其中所说增溶剂选自下列化合物:
1)有机酸和有机酸盐;
2)偏甘油酯;
3)甘油酯;
4)甘油酯衍生物;
5)聚乙二醇酯;
6)聚丙二醇酯;
7)多元醇酯;
8)聚氧乙烯醚;
9)脱水山梨糖醇酯;
10)聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇酯;及
11)碳酸盐。
14.如权利要求10所定义的组合物,其中所说增溶剂选自天冬氨酸,一辛酸甘油酯,一月桂酸甘油酯,乙酸钙,抗坏血酸,柠檬酸,谷氨酸和碳酸钙。
15.含有舍曲林或其可药用盐和一定量增溶剂的组合物,增溶剂的含量足以使体内Cmax和/或AUC比组分基本相同只是不含所说增溶剂的对照组合物产生的Cmax和/或AUC高至少10%。
16.如权利要求15所定义的组合物,其中所说含增溶剂组合物产生的所说Cmax和/或AUC比所说的对照组合物产生的相应Cmax和/或AUC高至少15%。
17.如权利要求16所定义的组合物,其中所说含增溶剂组合物产生的所说Cmax和/或AUC比所说的对照组合物产生的相应Cmax和/或AUC高至少20%。
18.如权利要求15所定义的组合物,其是即释剂型。
19.如权利要求15所定义的组合物,其是控制释放剂型。
20.如权利要求15所定义的组合物,其中所说增溶剂选自下列化合物:
1)有机酸和有机酸盐;
2)偏甘油酯;
3)甘油酯;
4)甘油酯衍生物;
5)聚乙二醇酯;
6)聚丙二醇酯;
7)多元醇酯;
8)聚氧乙烯醚;
9)脱水山梨糖醇酯;
10)聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇酯;及
11)碳酸盐。
21.如权利要求15所定义的组合物,其中所说增溶剂选自天冬氨酸,一辛酸甘油酯,一月桂酸甘油酯,乙酸钙,抗坏血酸,柠檬酸,谷氨酸和碳酸钙。
22.增加舍曲林在水性含氯离子使用环境中的溶解性的方法,包括将所说舍曲林以额外含有增溶剂的组合物方式施用于所说使用环境。
23.如权利要求22所定义的方法,其中,溶解于所说使用环境并含有所说增溶剂的舍曲林浓度比组分基本相同只是不含所说增溶剂的对照组合物产生的舍曲林浓度高至少1.5倍。
24.如权利要求22所定义的方法,其中所说使用环境是胃肠道。
25.如权利要求22所定义的方法,其中所说使用环境是水性含氯离子试验介质。
26.如权利要求25所定义的方法,其中所说介质是0.075M氯化钠。
27.如权利要求22所定义的方法,其中所说组合物是即释剂型。
28.如权利要求22所定义的方法,其中所说组合物是控制释放剂型。
29.如权利要求22所定义的方法,其中所说增溶剂选自下列化合物:
1)有机酸和有机酸盐;
2)偏甘油酯;
3)甘油酯;
4)甘油酯衍生物;
5)聚乙二醇酯;
6)聚丙二醇酯;
7)多元醇酯;
8)聚氧乙烯醚;
9)脱水山梨糖醇酯;
10)聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇酯;及
11)碳酸盐。
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CN114894736A (zh) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-12 | 中化地质矿山总局地质研究院 | 一种氯化物型卤水中硝酸根的测定方法 |
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US20030086972A1 (en) * | 2000-08-09 | 2003-05-08 | Appel Leah E. | Hydrogel-driven drug dosage form |
WO2002017918A2 (en) | 2000-08-30 | 2002-03-07 | Pfizer Products Inc. | Sustained release formulations for growth hormone secretagogues |
US20040191207A1 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2004-09-30 | Lipari John M. | Alpha-hydroxy acid ester drug delivery compositions and methods of use |
KR101500020B1 (ko) * | 2007-03-12 | 2015-03-06 | 디에스엠 아이피 어셋츠 비.브이. | 미용 조성물 |
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CN114894736A (zh) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-12 | 中化地质矿山总局地质研究院 | 一种氯化物型卤水中硝酸根的测定方法 |
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