CN1246422C - Method and device for dry distillation and charring of internal combustion self-heating moving bed - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for the continuous dry distillation and carbonization of a wood (bamboo) moving bed and a continuous dry distillation carbide furnace adapting to the method and used for a moving bed forming an upright barrel shape; the carbide furnace is named as a continuous dry distillation carbide furnace for an internal-burning self-heating moving bed. Raw materials, gas and steam generated by dry distillation counter flow in a bed layer; at least fourth air inlets (8) are arranged at the middle lower part of the furnace for leading in air with control; inflammable constituents generated in the burning and carbonizing process generate burning air and calcining the wood (bamboo) carbon at the temperature of 601 to 800 DEG C; a feeding pipe (12) is made of materials with high heat conductivity; the calcined wood (bamboo) carbon is discharged after being indirectly cooled to the normal temperature by the feeding pipe. A plurality of months of experiment of a concept furnace processing 2 tons of raw materials every day indicates that the dry distillation carbide furnace has the characteristics of low investment, easy construction, easy operation, no need of additional energy source, high product yield, good quality, etc.; the dry distillation carbide furnace can produce wood (bamboo) carbon liquid with the refractive index higher than 8% and wood (bamboo) carbon with more than 85% of fixed carbon, resistivity lower than 10 ohm and the iodine adsorptive value of 500 mg/g.

Description

The method and apparatus of internal combustion self-heating moving bed dry distillation charring

Technical field

The invention belongs to thermal decomposition of wood technical field, is to produce wood (bamboo) vinegar liquid, wood (bamboo) charcoal and the method for wood (bamboo) coal gas and the equipment that adapts thereof about biomass material thermolysiss such as wood (bamboo) materials.

Background technology

In the technology and equipment of existing dry distillation charring, it has been generally acknowledged that best is " hot moving-bed continuous carbonization charing in vertical ", its nucleus equipment is referred to as " interior hot vertical retort " (referring to " chemistry of forest product industry pandect " second the 24th chapter 951-954 page or leaf), be cylindric, make with the steel plate that 14mn is thick, internal diameter 2.6-2.9m, height overall 24m, operating altitude 15m.The top of this still is provided with feeder, water seal cover, steam gas outlet; This still the middle part be equipped with two conical hoppers, itself and cylinder inboard wall face form the passage that a circular clearance is distributed or compiled as gas reactor, one communicates with the thermophore import, another communicates with the hot gas outlet; The bottom of this still is provided with cone, cold air import, unloads the charcoal storehouse, unloads charcoal valve etc.To regularly add in the still from the top feeding device through the exsiccant wooden unit during production, be subjected to the gas of the destructive distillation generation of counter-current flow from bottom to top and the heating of steam, further dry, pre-charing then takes place, charing, gas that generates and steam upwards flow, pass behind the bed of material from steam, pneumatic outlet is derived, obtain wood vinegar through cooling condensation, not condensing gas is isolated low-boiling point materials such as methyl alcohol through the foam resorber again, become the cooling section that " cold air " is admitted to this still bottom at last, pass the charcoal layer that moves down by middle part calcining section from bottom to top, make charcoal obtain cooling, the temperature of self raises simultaneously, becoming " hot gas " derives from the outlet of the hot gas at middle part and is admitted to hybrid combustor and air mixed is carried out flameless combustion, simultaneously hybrid combustor is come out, the about 500-600 of temperature ℃ burning gas is constantly sent into the calcining section at middle part in the still as thermophore, pass the charcoal layer from bottom to top, to the further heating and calcining of charcoal, enter the gas that charing section and destructive distillation produce then, steam mixes, the circulation of a beginning new round, cooled charcoal are regularly discharged by the charcoal device that unloads of still bottom.The advantage one of this method and apparatus is substantially without external energy, need burn when playing stove some heavy oil or coal gas do preheating with; The 2nd, turnout is big, and the maximum timber that whenever can handle 250 steres is round the clock produced three, 40 tons of charcoals.But it also has significant disadvantages, the one, and the flow process complexity has raw material-charcoal stream, thermophore-steam, gas stream, " cold air "-" hot gas " stream, logistics is many, and control and balance are relatively more difficult naturally; The 2nd, the calcining temperature of charcoal is low, can't produce the charcoal of high charring degree high conductivity; The 3rd, input and output material equipment requirements height and troublesome poeration for example unload the charcoal device, and charcoal is discharged outside the still, can not allow cooling gas spill on the other hand again, just must adopt the charcoal device that unloads of three gates to operate step by step, have both bothered also and have broken down easily; The 4th, the numerous and jumbled investment of system and equipment is big, is difficult to adapt to area that resource not too concentrates and carries out on a fairly large scale production; Especially in recent years the protection of resource and environment comes into one's own day by day, cuts down firewood on a large scale and makes charcoal and be under an embargo, and the waste wood waste material of Forest products processing has become the main raw material of making charcoal; pressed for a kind of best in quality; invest cheap, easy to operate, the novel dry distillation carbonizing furnace of save energy.

Summary of the invention

Main purpose of the present invention provides a kind of method and apparatus that does not need the charing of external energy continuous carbonization, both utilized the combustion heat of raw material pyrolysis product to realize power self-support, avoid adopting the mode of thermophore again, produce the charcoal of high degree of carbonisation high conductivity high absorbability, make system simplification again, investment reduces, and is easy to operate; Another object of the present invention is to make this method and apparatus that provides to the kind and the production-scale size of raw material very strong adaptability be arranged; for example to the former processing waste material of not sharp as yet exhausted timber, bamboo wood; can adopt the present invention with suiting measures to local conditions, reach and not only make full use of resource but also Reasonable Protection environment.

The inventor thinks, carbonization of wood process belong to heat release send out should, in the good equipment of insulation, as long as be heated the starting temperature of reaction, just spontaneous the going on of energy of carbonization process, gas, the steam that utilizes destructive distillation to generate in moving-burden bed reactor heats just passable, must and be not trouble though add thermophore heating behind the calcining charcoal feasible; On the other hand, obtain the charcoal of high degree of carbonisation high conductivity high absorbability, the incinerating temperature must be more than 700 ℃, and will carry its difficulty of pyritous fluid like this and cost on engineering all is very large, utilize the mode of thermophore heating infeasible basically, must consider more suitably method.To studies show that of various charing modes, the method of the tradition earth kiln burning raising kiln temperature that hard charcoal adopted is simple very reasonable, specifically be exactly the charcoal calcination stage controlledly with air inspiration kiln in, make partial charcoal burning, the kiln temperature rises to rapidly more than 800 ℃, reaches the purpose of all the other charcoals of calcining, but earth kiln belongs to the fixed bed batch production, the charcoal limited amount of Sheng Chenging once, ventilation time can not be oversize, otherwise more charcoal ash can be melted; And charcoal is constantly to move in moving-bed, the surface that it contacts with air during ventilation is often upgraded, laboratory test shows, high temperature charcoal in the charring furnace, all the time be in the carbonization process, constantly have inflammable gass such as methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide to discharge in the charcoal body, at first these gases are burned when contacting with air, as long as time and amount control are proper, the charcoal body can be by scaling loss.Cooling about charcoal, " interior hot vertical retort " usefulness " cold air " is though come the refrigerative method effectively but brought technologic trouble and to unloading the raising of charcoal equipment requirements, because the composition of " cold air " promptly is the inflammable gas that destructive distillation produces, when handling below burning-point, it has inflammable and explosive danger, effectively seal in the time of must guaranteeing charcoal, prevent inclusion of air.The thermal capacitance of considering charcoal is very little, and pyritous charcoal sensible heat is very not big, and further experiment shows, indirect naturally cooling under the direct ingress of air situation, and red as fire charcoal does not need the oversize time just can reach the normal temperature state.

According to above analysis, it is that raw material relies on gravity to move down gradually that the inventor proposes the new dry distillation charring method of moving-bed, gas with the destructive distillation generation, steam is counter-current flow in bed, heating raw flows out from this moving-bed after reaching the charing starting temperature, enter the condenser condenses cooling and form wood (bamboo) vinegar liquid, not condensing gas discharges or does energy utilization after purifying, it is characterized in that: the importing air that control is arranged in this moving-bed middle and lower part, enter the just inflammable constituent of the wood in degree of depth carbonization process (bamboo) charcoal generation of burning in the bed, meanwhile the burning gas of Xing Chenging is calcined these wood (bamboo) charcoal under 601-800 ℃ temperature, and the wood after the calcining (bamboo) charcoal draws off after being cooled to normal temperature indirectly under the air conditions directly not touching.

The enforcement aforesaid method does not still have ready-made dry distillation charring equipment can be used, and the inventor proposes following a kind of dry distillation carbonizing furnace simultaneously in view of this, special called after " internal combustion self-heating moving bed dry distillation carbonizing furnace ".Its basic structure is the same with " vertical internal gas-heated retort " to be upright tubular moving-bed continuous carbonization charring furnace, but highly can reduce greatly, as shown in Figure 1, this stove is by charging opening (1), feeder (2), destructive distillation gas outlet (3), furnace shell (7), refractory brick (5), thermal insulation layer (6), tremie pipe (12) and discharge port (13) are formed, and it is characterized in that: A, in this stove middle and lower part at least four uniform distribution and the adjustable blast inlet of aperture (8) are set; B, tremie pipe (12) are made by metallic substance, and its end is provided with the discharge port (13) with easy opening encapsulation formula discharging flap; C, feeding equipment are gas-sealing type solid materials feeding devices.

For the bigger this stove of diameter; the core pipe (10) of the periphery perforate of using to combustion chamber portion importing air is set at the furnace chamber center close with blast inlet (8); the tapered core pipe cap (9) of protective core pipe ventilating pit and shunting material dual function has been installed on it again, and it links to each other with adjusting valve (11) down.

The present invention has compared very significantly advantage with above-mentioned " vertical internal thermal dry distillation still ".First, " vertical internal thermal dry distillation still " burnt the destructive distillation steam stove outward generate mode that burning gas sends into the stove internal heating as thermophore and make into air imported control burning, the direct-fired mode of burning gas are arranged in the stove, shorten technology, simplified equipment, improved efficient; The second, charring degree height, good conductivity, the adsorptivity of product wood (bamboo) charcoal are good, the refractive index height of wood (bamboo) vinegar liquid (expression effective constituent phenols content height); The 3rd, got rid of two funnel shaped gas distribution devices, thereby avoided anxiety because of the putty of telescopic effect generation; The 4th, because of stove bottom do not circulate " cold air ", there is not the danger that forms explosive mixture, make and unload charcoal operation and equipment becomes very simple, as long as it is just passable that the band that a kind of not discharging is leaked gas is at present easily opened the discharge port (13) that compresses sealed discharging flap, short during discharging because of the time, even leak source wind is to operation also not influence; The 5th, owing to there are not many air-flows to pass in and out at different sites, the height of moving-bed can shorten greatly, reduce to about ten meters from more than 20 meters, even several meters good, thereby reduce the cost of stove and the investment of relevant device (for example stove room) exponentially.The 6th, because the reduction greatly of bed height significantly diminishes the gravity pressure of material and bed of material resistance, thereby has improved the kind of material and the adaptability of globule size.

The drawing explanation

Fig. 1 be " internal combustion self-heating moving bed dry distillation carbonizing furnace " along the longitudinal diagram of medullary ray, represent the basic structure of this stove and the connection between each structure (portion) part.

Embodiment

Furnace shell (7) is made by steel plate usually, the inside lining refractory brick (5) and thermal insulation layer (6), but also can only form with brick or fire-resistant mixed earth pouring; It is circular that the furnace chamber shape of cross section is generally, but also can be rectangle, sectional dimension is changeable according to resource situation, if but radially less than 50 centimetres or greater than 3 meters, all should not adopt, arch formation might take place in the former and putty brings operational trouble, the latter can not use for reference because of there being relevant experience, may meet some new problems and be difficult to solve.Tremie pipe available metal material is made, and general individual layer just has enough cooling performances, also can make chuck, and heat-eliminating mediums such as the interior water flowing of chuck quicken cooling, with the throughput of strengthening device; The mode that imports air can be blown with gas blower, but with the fairly simple convenience of the mode of air draught; Blast inlet (8) is equally spaced around usually, but if the stove of square-section, it is good only at two offsides blast inlet (8) to be set; The shape of blast inlet (8) can be arbitrary shapes such as circular, square and trilateral, but requires the aperture size to regulate, and best is seam shape, helps the uniformly distributing of wind; Reinforced and apparatus for feeding can adopt common gas-sealing type solid materials feeding device, the inventor has gone back specialized designs a kind of flap valve feeder, reinforced charging under the envelope gaseity of relatively more suitable large size material.

Embodiment

Built an indignant stove of reading according to design of the present invention, about 6.6 meters of height overall, wherein about 3.2 meters of preheating and dry distillation charring section, shell process back boxing refractory brick with general steel plate, filling expansion heat insulating pearlite material between the two, about 0.5 square metre of net sectional area; About 2.1 meters of tremie pipe is used the stainless steel manufacturing, single layer structure, and naturally cooling is used the packing box seal that compresses between discharge port and the discharging flap; Feeding device adopts the flap valve feeder of aforementioned inventor's design; The outlet of destructive distillation gas links to each other with condenser by pipeline, and the outlet of condenser connects induced draft fan, and the motor of this induced draft fan utilizes frequency converter timing.Fill up furnace chamber with wood (bamboo) charcoal earlier during production, start induced draft fan then, treating to open one by one after the blower fan running steadily each blast inlet puts in ignitron and lights charcoal, furnace temperature constantly rises, when calcining section temperature reaches 300 ℃, beginning discharging for the first time goes out and promptly fastens the discharging flap after good, then adds the raw material of water ratio 20-35% from the flap valve feeder, fill it up with and be degree, so per hour once, furnace temperature further raises, and the condenser effluent liquid increases gradually, if this moment, furnace temperature rose too fast, should reduce the rotating speed of induced draft fan, adjust repeatedly until about 500 ℃ of the temperature-stables of dry distillation charring section, the temperature of calcining this moment section reaches more than 700 ℃; By the adjustment of each load, make stove reach maximum productivity wood every day (bamboo) vinegar output of fluid 800-1000 kilogram at last, wood (bamboo) carbon yield 300-400 kilogram (because raw material is different with the raw material water ratio).Several months produce and detected result shows, product yield (to raw material over dry meter), the about 40-50% of wood (bamboo) vinegar liquid, the about 20-25% of wood (bamboo) charcoal.The quality of wood (bamboo) vinegar liquid, total acid are more than 5%, and pH value 2.2-2.8, dissolved tar are at 2.5-4.0%, and refractive index (with the numeric representation of light refractive type saccharometer) is more than 8%, and conventional wood (bamboo) vinegar liquid generally only is 4-6%; The quality of wood (bamboo) charcoal, fixed carbon is more than 85%, electroconductibility is fabulous, with the big portion of the direct measured resistance value of volt ohm-milliammeter below 10 Europe, and conventional wood (bamboo) charcoal is all up to thousands of even tens thousand of Europe, and especially adsorptivity is excellent, and the iodine sorption value of most samples is all more than 500mg/g, and the iodine sorption value of conventional charcoal is generally below 200mg/g, and conventional bamboo charcoal is also about a 200-300mg/g.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of, the method of bamboo wood moving-bed continuous carbonization charing, raw material relies on gravity to move down gradually, gas with the destructive distillation generation, steam is counter-current flow in bed, heating raw flows out from this moving-bed after reaching the charing starting temperature, enter the condenser condenses cooling and form wood, bamboo vinegar liquid, not condensing gas discharges or does energy utilization after purifying, it is characterized in that: the importing air that control is arranged in this moving-bed middle and lower part, enter the just wood in degree of depth carbonization process that burns in the bed, the inflammable constituent that bamboo charcoal produces, meanwhile the burning gas of Xing Chenging under 601～800 ℃ temperature to these wood, bamboo charcoal is calcined, the wood after the calcining, bamboo charcoal draws off after being cooled to normal temperature indirectly under the air conditions directly not touching.

2, a kind of upright tubular moving-bed continuous carbonization charring furnace, by charging opening (1), feeder (2), destructive distillation gas outlet (3), furnace shell (7), refractory brick (5), thermal insulation layer (6), tremie pipe (12) and discharge port (13) are formed, it is characterized in that: A, in this stove middle and lower part at least four uniform distribution and the adjustable blast inlet of aperture (8): B are set, tremie pipe (12) is made by metallic substance, its end is provided with the discharge port (13) with easy opening encapsulation formula discharging flap; C, feeding equipment are gas-sealing type solid materials feeding devices.

3, upright tubular moving-bed continuous carbonization charring furnace according to claim 2; it is characterized in that: the core pipe (10) that the periphery perforate of using to combustion chamber portion importing air is set at the furnace chamber center close with blast inlet (8); the tapered core pipe cap (9) of protective core pipe ventilating pit and shunting material dual function has been installed on it again, and it links to each other with adjusting valve (11) down.

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