CN1245897A - Harmonic quantitative measurement method of power system and its measurement instrument - Google Patents
Harmonic quantitative measurement method of power system and its measurement instrument Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a harmonic quantitative measuring method for power system and its measuring apparatus. Said invention is characterized by that for current voltage information of power system, according to time sequence and synchronous isochronous intervals it tracks the harmonic three-dimensional direction, i. e. dynamic change characteristics of harmonic amplitude and frequency with time to measure out every harmonic amplitude, frequency and time three-dimensional parameters and three-dimensional curve, measure out three-dimensional tracked every harmonic amplitude time curve and data, every harmonic frequency time curve and data, every harmonic amplitude frequency characteristic curve and data so as to measure out harmonic characteristics and data of power system, and accurately measure the harmonic impedance and harmonic resonance amplification characteristic.
Description
The method that the present invention relates to measure electrical equipment and supply to use mains by harmonics.Electrical equipment and for being called for short Harmonious Waves in Power Systems with mains by harmonics, Harmonious Waves in Power Systems are that power frequency is 50 hertz and is the higher hamonic wave of first-harmonic.Harmonic wave refers to harmonic current, harmonic voltage, harmonic impedance in presents, or refers to a binomial wherein, and harmonic wave also is the general name of each harmonic, also claims dynamic harmonic, and electric system is the confession under directions electrical network also.Frequency analysis number of times among the present invention is 1-20 time or 1-40 time, also measures humorous ripple (ripple between the harmonic wave) sometimes.The power system information that detects is single information curtage, or two information electric current and voltage, or many information is as voltage of three electric currents.
Existing patent document about power system harmonic measurement have " power system harmonizing wave measuring method and measuring instrument " (89105302 .6) and " with the electric harmonic measuring method of robot calculator " (92106527.2).The purpose of its invention is to measure Harmonious Waves in Power Systems, obtains the Harmonious Waves in Power Systems impedance, the harmonic wave of electric system is monitored in real time harmonic carcellation harm.
The method of existing a kind of quantitative measurment Harmonious Waves in Power Systems is a continuous recording electric system current-voltage information, use microcomputer and equally spaced carry out Fourier analysis, provide time curve analysis result according to the each harmonic amplitude of 50 hertz of first-harmonic integral multiple marks, data to certain time period among the frequency analysis result are carried out mathematical statistics, provide the harmonic wave statistical parameter, harmonic current with injected system is imported as system, with the output of the harmonic voltage of system as system, do the transport function computing, the harmonic impedance of measuring system.
When Harmonious Waves in Power Systems is stable or changes in time when little that Fourier analysis can be followed it and be changed in time, obtains Harmonious Waves in Power Systems characteristic and data, measurement result is accurately.This is the harmonic wave two-dimensional measurement.
The prior art weak point is that measurement result is accurate inadequately, particularly for dynamic harmonic.
The most of harmonic wave of electric system is a dynamic harmonic.Dynamic harmonic changes greatly in time, and when measuring dynamic harmonic, the frequency of some dynamic harmonics also changes in time, overtone order high-frequency more changes more greatly, in fact harmonic frequency also changes with fast-changing humorous wave amplitude, the harmonic wave two-dimensional measurement can not be followed harmonic wave and be changed the measurement result out of true.Harmonic frequency dynamic change reason is complicated, more shows in the measurement of harmonic current, and frequency also often changes with amplitude fast, and this is calculating reason of harmonic source harmonic characteristic and Measurement and analysis process etc.Presents is not discussed the harmonic frequency reason of changes.
The prior art weak point is that the data of certain time period of frequency analysis result are carried out mathematical statistics, owing to measure inaccurate; Because the described time period is not the Harmonious Waves in Power Systems process entirely, statistics does not reflect Harmonious Waves in Power Systems characteristic and data.
The prior art weak point is also that the measuring system harmonic impedance is not measured and calculates system harmonics amplification characteristic and system harmonics resonant frequency.
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of prior art, realize the quantitative measurment of Harmonious Waves in Power Systems.According to practice of the present invention and theory, dynamic harmonic has the tri-vector characteristic, and the present invention measures by humorous wave amplitude-frequency-time three-dimensional, can be accurately quantitative obtain Electrical Power System Dynamic harmonic characteristic and data.This is called Electrical Power System Dynamic harmonic wave three-dimensional and follows measurement, is also referred to as the Harmonious Waves in Power Systems quantitative measurment.
The present invention also aims to the frequency analysis result is marked definite time span.At this moment harmonic quantitative measurement is desired.To Harmonious Waves in Power Systems not the label time length violation close B.O.T.U..
The present invention also aims to obtain system harmonics resonant frequency and harmonic wave absorption frequency by the measuring system harmonic impedance; System is to the amplification coefficient of each harmonic electric current.
The present invention also aims to Harmonious Waves in Power Systems quantitative measurment instrument according to the said method proposition.
Purpose of the present invention can reach by following measure:
The electric system current-voltage information is carried out frequency analysis, providing the frequency analysis result is to follow harmonic wave three-dimensional dynamic change characterization according to time sequencing, synchronous constant duration, not only to follow humorous wave amplitude over time, and follow harmonic frequency over time, carry out Fourier analysis, the variation of frequency also is to obey the harmonic wave rule, each harmonic also was to calculate according to the integral multiple of first-harmonic when frequency changed, measure each harmonic amplitude, frequency (number of times), time three-dimensional parameter, obtain Harmonious Waves in Power Systems characteristic and data.Directly use these data or show or print.
To the each harmonic amplitude of measuring, the 3D graphic interpretation that frequency (number of times), time three-dimensional parameter promptly are generally called according to three-dimensional, in humorous wave amplitude-harmonic frequency-time three-dimensional coordinate figure, connect the each harmonic three-dimensional parameter according to time sequencing, on screen, show the continuous smooth three-dimensional curve of the each harmonic of harmonic wave dynamic change characterization and data, or be printed on the drawing.
Three-dimensional coordinate figure is the 3D figure on screen or the drawing, and the spatial disposition of three axes determines that as required arrangement commonly used is that the horizontal X axle is overtone order (frequency), and Z-axis Y is humorous wave amplitude, is the time perpendicular to the Z axle of XY axle.
Measuring each harmonic amplitude, frequency time three-dimensional parameter, promptly three-dimensional is followed measurement result and be presented at two-dimensional coordinate figure, show harmonic wave dynamic change characterization and data with two-dimensional coordinate figure, in fact be exactly the drop shadow curve of three-dimensional coordinate figure curve, observe the dynamic change of relevant parameter from two-dimensional coordinate figure direction at three two-dimensional coordinate figure.
At humorous wave amplitude-time coordinate figure,, provide the demonstration three-dimensional and follow humorous wave amplitude the each harmonic amplitude-time curve and the data of variation characteristic in time the amplitude time parameter line of each harmonic according to time sequencing, at harmonic curve mark overtone order,
Directly three-dimensional is followed the each harmonic amplitude, no matter and how many concrete frequencies of harmonic wave is, provide three-dimensional and follow humorous wave amplitude time curve.
At harmonic frequency-time coordinate figure,, provide the demonstration three-dimensional and follow harmonic frequency the each harmonic frequency-time curve and the data of variation characteristic in time the frequency time parameter line of each harmonic according to time sequencing, at harmonic curve mark overtone order.
Directly three-dimensional is followed the each harmonic frequency, no matter and how many concrete amplitudes of harmonic wave is, provide three-dimensional and follow the harmonic frequency time curve.
In humorous wave amplitude-harmonic frequency coordinate diagram, the amplitude frequency parameter line of each harmonic, provide the humorous wave amplitude frequency of demonstration three-dimensional the each harmonic amplitude-frequency plot and the data of variation characteristic in time, mark shown humorous wave amplitude frequency plot time corresponding in the drawings.
About synchronous constant duration:
The system of selection of constant duration size synchronously is to follow humorous wave amplitude and frequency variation characteristic in time synchronously in the three-dimensional coordinate direction, its concrete practice is: observe fast-changing Harmonious Waves in Power Systems three-dimensional curve on screen, in humorous wave amplitude and frequency three-dimensional coordinate direction, can follow each harmonic amplitude variable quantity in time, also following frequency increase and decrease amount in time synchronously provides the continuous smooth three-dimensional curve of each harmonic.
To having the humorous wave amplitude frequency Harmonious Waves in Power Systems of quick variation characteristic in time, follow each harmonic frequency increase and decrease amount in time, in fundamental frequency, more than or equal to 0.1 He Zhi, constant duration was smaller or equal to 0.1 second synchronously.
According to time sequencing is the variation of synchronously following humorous wave amplitude harmonic frequency on three-dimensional coordinate space and time order at the synchronous constant duration of three-dimensional coordinate direction, harmonic frequency changes relevant with humorous wave amplitude dynamic change speed, and because the frequency resolution that Fourier analysis calculates, the variation of harmonic frequency and humorous wave amplitude is also inconsistent, on screen, observe the three-dimensional curve of fast-changing electric harmonic by this feature, adjust synchronous constant duration, can follow the variation of each harmonic amplitude at humorous wave amplitude and frequency three-dimensional, also can follow the variation of each harmonic frequency, provide the continuous smooth three-dimensional curve of each harmonic.
Time span about harmonic labels:
During label time length, the purpose of quantitative measurment is just clear and definite, is the quantitative data of time span/TFT.
Equally spaced carry out synchronously frequency analysis result that Fourier analysis provides and have definite time span, the symbol of time span is/TFT that definite method of time span is: the time course with electric system circulation dynamic harmonic is determined time span; With the time span that the harmonic characteristic of electrical equipment is demarcated, promptly the duration of electric equipment operation process generation dynamic harmonic is determined time span.
Obtaining Harmonious Waves in Power Systems characteristic and data, promptly be time span/data-switching of TFT becomes harmonic wave time domain and the harmonic frequency territory characteristic and the data of electrician's measurement unit metering:
Effective value/the TFT of each harmonic and harmonic wave total value; Harmonic wave maximal value/TFT, maximal value number of times/TFT, maximal value density/TFT; Each harmonic and harmonic wave total value reach the duration of designated value at/TFT in the time period; Uncharacteristic harmonics is in/TFT time-frequency domain characteristic and data in the time period; The fitting theory function of time, curve and design factor/TFT; The Harmonious Waves in Power Systems resonant frequency; Statistics/the TFT of harmonic frequency curve, maximum frequency deviation/TFT, frequency deviation duration/TFT; Time domain frequency field parameter value/TFT that the ssystem transfer function computing obtains, system is to the amplification coefficient of each harmonic; Parameter/the TFT and the curve/TFT of 3D and 3D-2D time domain frequency field.
Import as system about harmonic current with injected system, with the output of the harmonic voltage of system as system, to the two information Fourier analysiss of current/voltage, do the transport function computing, the harmonic impedance of measuring system, the present invention is the method for following measurement according to Electrical Power System Dynamic harmonic wave three-dimensional equally, the two information of current/voltage are carried out Fourier analysis, this is the same with above-mentioned single information analysis, obtain system harmonic impedance three-dimensional curve and data and show two-dimensional curve and the data that three-dimensional is followed, make system's equivalent circuit diagram according to the system's each harmonic resistance value that records, the circuit Calculation Method is calculated routinely:
A. according to envelope line chart of the amplitude frequency plot of the harmonic impedance of obtaining etc., obtain the frequency of harmonic impedance amplitude frequency diagram maximum impedance position correspondence, promptly, obtain for using mains by harmonics absorption frequency, the i.e. frequency of harmonic impedance amplitude frequency diagram minimum impedance position correspondence for harmonic resonance frequency with electrical network;
B. according to system harmonics resulting impedance and each harmonic impedance, obtain for the amplification coefficient of electrical network the each harmonic electric current.
Humorous the wave measurement system harmonic impedance that utilizes electrical equipment to produce, with raising density measurement and precision,
Making about Electrical Power System Dynamic harmonic quantitative measurement instrument is implemented:
Device has by four input current information of voltage transducers, CPU microprocessor, storer, display, data collecting card in the harmonic measuring instrument case, digital to analog converter, white noise signal generator and frequency analysis Survey Software are solidified the computerized measurement assembly that part constitutes, the key of controlling of operational order input and analysis result output print drawing is arranged on the measuring instrument panel, and has:
A. the data collecting card in the surveying instrument case, digital to analog converter are connected with the deposit hard card while gathering, and be connected with and detect phase relation testing circuit plate between the input current information of voltage,
B., Electrical Power System Dynamic harmonic measure software solidification spare is housed in the measuring instrument case,
C. the key of controlling that installs on the measuring instrument panel has:
3D, 3D-2D function controlling key, 3D, 3D-2D graphical content, pattern options button, computing options button, data presentation options button, time span/TFT options button, analysis times options button, constant duration options button synchronously.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
Basis of the present invention is long-term harmonic wave practice understanding and follows the harmonic wave rule.Realize the quantitative measurment Harmonious Waves in Power Systems; Realize accurately measuring regulation and control harmonic current carrier-confession electrical network harmonic characteristic; Realization is with the quantitative expression Harmonious Waves in Power Systems characteristic of common electrician's measurement unit; Realize quantitatively, accurately, intuitively to power system harmonic measurement analysis management and control.The present invention follows harmonic wave three-dimensional dynamic change characterization according to time sequencing, synchronous constant duration, measure each harmonic amplitude, frequency, time three-dimensional parameter, and though humorous wave amplitude frequency how to change in time can both be accurately quantitative obtain Harmonious Waves in Power Systems characteristic and data.The continuous smooth three-dimensional curve of the each harmonic of visual and accurate demonstration harmonic wave dynamic change characterization and data, at this moment the dynamic harmonic operational process reproduction.Show that with two-dimensional coordinate figure three-dimensional follows humorous wave amplitude and harmonic frequency the each harmonic time curve and the data of variation characteristic in time, visual and accurate observation amplitude, frequency time relationship and amplitude-frequency time relationship also obtain quantitative data.Be time span/data-switching of TFT becomes harmonic wave time domain and the harmonic frequency territory characteristic and the data of electrician's measurement unit metering, realizes that the data of harmonic management control need.The harmonic impedance of measuring system is obtained Harmonious Waves in Power Systems impedance three-dimensional curve and data and is shown two-dimensional curve and the data that three-dimensional is followed; Humorous the wave measurement system harmonic impedance that utilizes electrical equipment to produce improves precision.Obtain for the harmonic resonance frequency of electrical network, harmonic wave absorption frequency, to the amplification coefficient of each harmonic electric current with accurate Adjustment System harmonic current flux and flow direction.Harmonious Waves in Power Systems quantitative measurment instrument is to follow the correct theory technology of measurement and the product under the practical advice in Electrical Power System Dynamic harmonic wave three-dimensional.
Embodiment:
Example 1:
Follow the harmonic characteristic that measuring method is measured the harmonic source electrical equipment, just harmonic current characteristic with Electrical Power System Dynamic harmonic wave three-dimensional; The harmonic current of electrical equipment injects for using electrical network, also will measure for using electrical network harmonic impedance and harmonic wave amplification characteristic, the harm of guidance manager factory harmonic wave control harmonic wave.
A quantitative measurment electrical equipment harmonic characteristic:
Example is a harmonic characteristic of measuring the current transformer of milling train, electric locomotive, hoister.Other harmonic source electrical equipment can be with reference to this routine method step.
A determines the duration/TFT of electric equipment operation process generation dynamic harmonic:
The frequency analysis result that the present invention provides has definite time span, the time span definite to harmonic data harmonic curve mark, and quantitative measurment motivated is the quantitative data of time span/TFT.Definite method of time span is the time span of being demarcated with the harmonic characteristic of electrical equipment for electrical equipment, and promptly the duration of electric equipment operation process generation dynamic harmonic is determined time span.
The lasting practice of the dynamic harmonic of current transformer equipment is the acceleration process, is that DC voltage is transferred to the maximum process time by minimum, manufacturing plant provide harmonic characteristic be accelerating sections.Accelerating sections dynamic harmonic amplitude is big, pace of change is fast, frequency spectrum is abundant.Our institute's analysis to measure be/the TFT section that the time period of measurement is greater than the harmonic characteristic and the data that all can not quantitative measurment less than/TFT go out this equipment.The each harmonic electric current of the dynamic harmonic process of some equipment can be used the time function representation, can be with measured data fitting theory curve.
Certainly so that section is as time period length/TFT any time, with measuring method measurement of the present invention, measurement result is the harmonic quantitative measurement of this time period, for example measures constant speed section harmonic reduction section harmonic wave.
B is to the current information of current transformer duration/TFT, and constant duration is followed harmonic wave three-dimensional dynamic change characterization synchronously, and measurement obtains current transformer harmonic characteristic and data:
Follow harmonic wave three-dimensional dynamic change characterization according to time sequencing, synchronous constant duration, promptly following humorous wave amplitude changes and harmonic frequency variation characteristic in time in time, not only to follow the variation of humorous wave amplitude, and follow the variation of harmonic frequency, carry out Fourier analysis.
Three-dimensional measurement remains conventional Fourier analysis, not 50 hertz of harmonic waves that are as the criterion of first-harmonic with power supply, but being carried out frequency computation part, the fundamental frequency that Fourier analysis provides measures, the harmonic wave rule is obeyed in the variation of frequency, each harmonic calculates according to the integral multiple of first-harmonic, the fundamental frequency variable quantity increases by 0.4 hertz, and then 20 subfrequency recruitments are exactly 8 hertz.The method that frequency measurement is calculated is a conventional method, and the simple method fast of a kind of practicality is the time of the primitive period waveform pass zero point that provides of Measurement and analysis to calculate frequency.Moreover be that frequency change has to increase to have and subtracts because frequency change is actual changes relevantly in time with humorous wave amplitude, Fourier analysis all will be obtained frequency values at every turn.Some processes can be seen velocity variations time-harmonic wave power frequency also in the phenomenon that changes, and overtone order high-frequency more departs from big more.Measure each harmonic amplitude, frequency (number of times), time three-dimensional parameter, obtain current transformer harmonic characteristic and data.
The 3D graphic interpretation that c promptly is generally called according to three-dimensional each harmonic amplitude, frequency (number of times), the time three-dimensional parameter of measuring, in humorous wave amplitude-harmonic frequency-time three-dimensional coordinate figure, connect the each harmonic three-dimensional parameter according to time sequencing, on screen, show the continuous smooth three-dimensional curve of the each harmonic of harmonic wave dynamic change characterization and data, or be printed on the drawing.
The each harmonic three-dimensional curve reflected actual humorous wave amplitude over time with the skew of the complexity of frequency, three-dimensional curve is the reproduction of dynamic harmonic dynamic running process.
Three-dimensional coordinate figure is the 3D figure on screen or the drawing, and the spatial disposition of three axes determines that as required arrangement commonly used is that the horizontal X axle is overtone order (frequency), and Z-axis Y is humorous wave amplitude, is the time perpendicular to the Z axle of XY axle.
Showing that with two-dimensional coordinate figure three-dimensional follows measurement result, in fact is exactly the drop shadow curve of three-dimensional coordinate figure curve at three two-dimensional coordinate figure, observes the dynamic change of relevant parameter from two-dimensional coordinate figure direction.
The harmonic wave three-dimensional curve is projected to humorous wave amplitude-time coordinate figure, demonstrate at three-dimensional and follow humorous wave amplitude the each harmonic amplitude-time curve and the data of variation characteristic in time.The method of projection is actual to be exactly at humorous wave amplitude-time coordinate figure, according to time sequencing the amplitude time parameter line of the each harmonic of three-dimensional measurement.Three-dimensional curve projects to the two dimensional surface coordinate, two-dimensional coordinate figure curve and data are followed measurement from three-dimensional, and the amplitude time curve is not only and is followed amplitude over time, and when harmonic frequency changes, still follow humorous wave amplitude, overtone order is high more remarkable more.When showing curve, on curve, mark overtone order.
The harmonic wave three-dimensional curve is projected to harmonic frequency-time coordinate figure, demonstrate at three-dimensional and follow harmonic frequency the each harmonic frequency-time curve and the data of variation characteristic in time.The method of projection is actual to be exactly at harmonic frequency-time coordinate figure, according to time sequencing the frequency time parameter line of the each harmonic of three-dimensional measurement.Three-dimensional curve projects to the two dimensional surface coordinate, two-dimensional coordinate figure curve and data are followed measurement from three-dimensional, and the frequency time curve is not only following frequency over time, and when humorous wave amplitude changes, still follow harmonic frequency, amplitude changes remarkable more greatly more.When showing curve, on curve, mark overtone order.
The harmonic wave three-dimensional curve is projected to humorous wave amplitude-harmonic frequency coordinate diagram, demonstrate in three-dimensional harmonic wave good fortune value frequency the each harmonic amplitude-frequency curve and the data of variation characteristic in time.
This draws two-dimensional curve with two-dimensional measurement the different of essence, and two-dimensional measurement is when frequency changes when wanting, and the harmonic wave amplitude curve distorts, and the big more distortion of the high more frequency deviation of overtone order is serious more.
Following measurement with two-dimensional coordinate graph expression dynamic harmonic three-dimensional is one of harmonic quantitative measurement of the present invention basis.
In order to accelerate the speed of frequency analysis,, provide three-dimensional and follow humorous wave amplitude time curve no matter directly three-dimensional is followed the each harmonic amplitude and how many concrete frequencies of harmonic wave is; Directly three-dimensional is followed the each harmonic frequency, no matter and how many concrete amplitudes of harmonic wave is, provide three-dimensional and follow the harmonic frequency time curve.
Determining of synchronous uniformly-spaced time of d:
Synchronous constant duration, its big or small system of selection is can follow humorous wave amplitude and frequency variation characteristic in time synchronously in the three-dimensional coordinate direction, its concrete practice is: observe fast-changing Harmonious Waves in Power Systems three-dimensional curve on screen, in humorous wave amplitude and frequency three-dimensional coordinate direction, can follow each harmonic amplitude variable quantity in time, also following frequency increase and decrease amount in time synchronously provides the continuous smooth three-dimensional curve of each harmonic.
Is humorous wave amplitude harmonic frequency is synchronously followed in explanation on the space of three-dimensional coordinate and time order variation according to time sequencing at the synchronous constant duration of three-dimensional coordinate direction, and three-dimensional constant duration is synchronously followed measurement.The variation that humorous wave amplitude is continuous in time, harmonic frequency changes relevant with humorous wave amplitude dynamic change speed, and because the frequency resolution that Fourier analysis calculates, the variation of harmonic frequency and humorous wave amplitude is also inconsistent, the concrete practice is to observe the three-dimensional curve of fast-changing electric harmonic on screen by this feature, adjust synchronous constant duration, can follow the variation of each harmonic amplitude at humorous wave amplitude and frequency three-dimensional, also can follow the variation of each harmonic frequency, draw the continuous smooth three-dimensional curve of each harmonic.
Can not find the dynamic harmonic variation characteristic from the size and the pace of change of the load current of electric system, the load current of the electrical equipment that has is stablized constant, its each harmonic amplitude frequency is complicated in time to be changed, so want actual measurement to obtain synchronous constant duration, select the multiple complicated electrical equipment that changes harmonic wave that has, carry out Fourier analysis with different synchronous constant durations and repeatedly measure.
Integrate is that to having the humorous wave amplitude frequency Harmonious Waves in Power Systems of quick variation characteristic in time, when following frequency changed, the increase and decrease amount of frequency was more than or equal to 0.1 hertz with the increase and decrease amount of fundamental frequency.Constant duration is smaller or equal to 0.1 second synchronously.
E is time span/harmonic data of TFT is converted to the harmonic wave time domain frequency field characterisitic parameter of electrician's measurement unit.The present invention is complicated harmonic curve that changes and data are converted to common electrician's amount in time.
The basis of conversion is: Electrical Power System Dynamic harmonic wave three-dimensional is followed the quantitative data that measurement obtains Harmonious Waves in Power Systems, comprehensively reflects harmonic characteristic and data; Follow the physical action mechanism conversion of harmonic wave, for example equivalent heat effect of harmonic wave; Conversion motivated: commercial production is used, as with the quantitative characteristic of indicating motor of the plurality of data on the nameplate, the present invention also be with plurality of data quantitative indicate the Harmonious Waves in Power Systems characteristic:
Effective value/the TFT of each harmonic and harmonic wave total value; Harmonic wave maximal value/TFT, maximal value number of times/TFT, maximal value density/TFT.Each harmonic and harmonic wave total value reach the duration of designated value at/TFT in the time period; Uncharacteristic harmonics is in/TFT time-frequency domain characteristic and data in the time period; The fitting theory function of time, curve and design factor/TFT; The Harmonious Waves in Power Systems resonant frequency; Statistics/the TFT of harmonic frequency curve, maximum frequency deviation/TFT, frequency deviation duration/TFT; Time domain frequency field parameter value/TFT that the ssystem transfer function computing obtains, system is to the amplification coefficient of each harmonic; Parameter/the TFT and the curve/TFT of 3D and 3D-2D time domain frequency field.
B accurately measures the harmonic impedance characteristic that is supplied to use electrical network by the harmonic source line of vision:
The harmonic impedance characteristic of harmonic source line of vision confession usefulness electrical network is the harmonic impedance characteristic of line of vision system just.
Utilize current transformer inject for harmonic current/TFT and this electric current with electrical network falling for harmonic voltage with electrical network/the two information of TFT are made Fourier analysis, are the method for following measurement with Electrical Power System Dynamic harmonic wave three-dimensional equally.Time uniformly-spaced synchronously when remaining the harmonic measure of using current transformer, do the transport function computing and provide the system harmonic impedance characteristic.On screen, show the combination of curves such as impedance amplitude frequency diagram.
Owing to the capacitive equipment on the bus is stopped transport when measuring, so harmonic impedance raises with the frequency straight line.
Is the same to the two information Fourier analysiss of current/voltage with above-mentioned single information analysis, obtain system harmonic impedance three-dimensional curve and data and two-dimensional curve and data, make system's equivalent circuit diagram according to the system's each harmonic resistance value that records, the circuit Calculation Method is calculated routinely:
A is according to envelope line chart of the amplitude frequency plot of the harmonic impedance of obtaining etc., obtain the frequency of harmonic impedance amplitude frequency diagram maximum impedance position correspondence, promptly, obtain for using mains by harmonics absorption frequency, the i.e. frequency of harmonic impedance amplitude frequency diagram minimum impedance position correspondence for harmonic resonance frequency with electrical network;
B is according to system harmonics resulting impedance and each harmonic impedance, obtains for the amplification coefficient of electrical network to the each harmonic electric current.
Humorous the wave measurement system harmonic impedance that utilizes electrical equipment to produce.This is because the humorous skin current measurement harmonic impedance to inject, step-length between the each harmonic impedance is 50 hertz, must utilize the ripple between the each harmonic to measure, to improve density measurement and precision, humorous ripple of electrical equipment is also inconsistent, get humorous ripple of higher value during measurement, the method for following measurement according to Electrical Power System Dynamic harmonic wave three-dimensional obtains humorous wave impedance.There is the harmonic impedance envelope of humorous ripple more smooth.
System's each harmonic impedance magnitude time curve frequency time curve amplitude frequency diagram and data are all obtained by three-dimensional curve.The dynamic change of the harmonic impedance time curve reflection system harmonics characteristic of system.
C does for using electrical network filtering mimic channel figure:
According to the harmonic source harmonic current that records, harmonic source is idle, for making with the filter parameter of electrical network harmonic impedance and calculating for using electrical network mimic channel figure.On the harmonic impedance amplitude frequency diagram of circuit diagram, can see the frequency of maximum impedance minimum impedance value and correspondence position.
D filtering debugging:
A filtering is put into and is supplied with behind the electrical network, method measuring system harmonic impedance characteristic according to above-mentioned B, contrast filtering mimic channel figure debugging up to the curve of reality and data near simulation curve and data, actual is interrupted between the frequency with the electrical network each harmonic, the frequency of obtaining the maximum impedance correspondence by envelope line and impedance diagram is the system resonance frequency, and harmonic frequency is avoided in debugging.
B recognizes having or not of humorous ripple and size when measuring harmonic source, have only when humorous ripple electric current reaches enough big and could utilize, and this wants repetition test.
C is for trying to achieve the each harmonic current amplification factor with the resulting impedance and the each harmonic impedance of electrical network.The current transformer synchro measure harmonic current that connects harmonic source, filtering circuit and supply terminals with three input ends is respectively understood filter effect.
Example 2:
The harmonic current of electric power system injects in quantitative measurment steel mill.Not repeating that embodiment 1 stated.
Follow measuring method with Electrical Power System Dynamic harmonic wave three-dimensional and measure,, provide three-dimensional and follow humorous wave amplitude time curve no matter directly three-dimensional is followed the each harmonic amplitude and how many concrete frequencies of harmonic wave is.
The time course of A electric system circulation dynamic harmonic is determined time span.The every roll compacting of steel mill's milling train once/TFT and the every roll compacting one-period/TFT of milling train, surpass/TFT, or the measurement of deficiency/TFT all is observational measurement.
B follows measuring method with Electrical Power System Dynamic harmonic wave three-dimensional and measures.Be with in the quantitative data assessment of/TFT process harmonic current, obtain: harmonic current effective value/TFT harmonic current maximal value/TFT maximal value number of times/TFT, each harmonic current amplitude time curve surpasses duration of limits value.
Example 3:
Harmonious Waves in Power Systems quantitative measurment instrument example of making:
Harmonious Waves in Power Systems quantitative measurment instrument is the measurement instrument of microcomputerization.During making with reference to the prototype of this measuring instrument: hand held microcomputer+extension box.Extension box has four interior current-to-voltage converters of four input ends and case to be connected, and what after this be connected has: the circuit board, data collecting card, digital to analog converter and the lead-out terminal that is connected with microcomputer that detect phase relation between four inputs.At hand held microcomputer the Electrical Power System Dynamic harmonic wave is housed and follows Survey Software.The operation that operational order input and analysis result output print are drawn all is the keyboard of microcomputer.
Harmonious Waves in Power Systems quantitative measurment instrument is made general layout: microcomputer and extension box merge into a single whole, as seen comprise the CPU microprocessor, storer, display, the data collecting card that have usually, digital to analog converter, the computerized measurement assembly that white noise signal generator and the Electrical Power System Dynamic harmonic measure software solidification spare that adapts with it constitute; At data collecting card, digital to analog converter is connected with while gathering the deposit hard card, when the non-volatile recording power system information directly the data hard disk of packing into; The circuit board etc. that detects phase relation between four inputs all is assembled in the instrument container, and operational order input and controlling by keyboard of analysis result output print drawing are changed on the panel of measuring instrument.
Except the operating key of routine, characteristics are about three-dimensional 3D, the 3D-2D function controlling on the panel of Electrical Power System Dynamic harmonic quantitative measurement instrument:
Controlling key is with eight soft touchings, is arranged in the outer bottom of display screen, and the display screen interior lower end is subitem menus corresponding to the position of eight soft touchings.
The distribution of eight soft touchings is:
The three-dimensional 3D of A, the 3D-2D function key
B graphical content options button
C pattern options button
D graphic operation options button
The E graph data shows options button
The F/TFT options button
G analysis times options button:
The synchronous constant duration options button of H:
Each soft touching can repeated dispensing.After each soft touching was pressed, menu changed subitem over to:
1. harmonic wave time domain: amplitude-time; 2. harmonic frequency territory: frequency-time; The harmonic wave amplitude versus frequency characte: the width of cloth-frequently, the width of cloth-frequently-time.3. harmonic impedance amplitude-frequency envelope line chart, bar chart, bar chart-time.4. harmonic impedance figure: mould value, real part, imaginary part, phase place.5. computational data is selected: system resonance frequency estimation, maximum harmonic impedance and corresponding frequencies valuation, minimum harmonic impedance and corresponding frequencies valuation, the valuation of impedance amplitude-frequency width Q value, each harmonic amplification coefficient.6. harmonic wave is selected: electric current, voltage, impedance, humorous glass ripple.
The pattern options button: 1. figure quantity is selected, and graph position is arranged, graphics mode 3D, and 3D-2D, graphics proportion is selected (ZOOM), shows time range, and enlargement factor is selected.2. the graph curve mark is selected (number of times, frequency, amplitude).3. the overtone order of graphic presentation is selected.4. graph curve marks attachable mechanical stage (amplitude, frequency range).
Graphic operation options button: 1. harmonic impedance, 2. curve fitting.
Graph data shows options button: 2. screen graph data, 2. the each harmonic limits value is selected, and 3. surpasses the limits value duration.
/ TFT options button: 1. in the start-stop moment, the 2./TFT segmentation is selected, and the mode of collecting and recording is selected (sampling or counter the putting of record), and automatic/hand is selected.
Analysis times options button: 1.1-20 subharmonic, 2.1-40 subharmonic, a 3. humorous ripple.Synchronously
The constant duration options button: 1. given, 2. device type is selected, and 3. frequency is followed selection.
Claims (9)
1. the method for a quantitative measurment Harmonious Waves in Power Systems, continuous recording electric system current-voltage information, use microcomputer and equally spaced carry out Fourier analysis, provide the frequency analysis result, the data of certain time period among the frequency analysis result are carried out mathematical statistics, provide the harmonic wave statistical parameter, harmonic current with injected system is imported as system, with the output as system of the harmonic voltage of system, does the transport function computing, the harmonic impedance of measuring system
It is characterized in that the said Fourier analysis that equally spaced carries out, provide the frequency analysis result, be to follow harmonic wave three-dimensional dynamic change characterization according to time sequencing, synchronous constant duration, promptly following humorous wave amplitude changes and harmonic frequency variation characteristic in time in time, carry out Fourier analysis, measure each harmonic amplitude, frequency, time three-dimensional parameter, obtain Harmonious Waves in Power Systems characteristic and data, show and print.
2. according to the method for the described measurement Harmonious Waves in Power Systems of claim 1, it is characterized in that the said each harmonic amplitude of measuring, frequency, time three-dimensional parameter, obtain Harmonious Waves in Power Systems characteristic and data, show and print, be to be the 3D graphic interpretation according to three-dimensional, in humorous wave amplitude-harmonic frequency-time three-dimensional coordinate figure, connect the each harmonic three-dimensional parameter according to time sequencing, on screen, show the continuous smooth three-dimensional curve of the each harmonic of harmonic wave dynamic change characterization and data, or be printed on the drawing.
3. according to the method for the described measurement Harmonious Waves in Power Systems of claim 1, it is characterized in that said handle measures each harmonic amplitude, frequency time three-dimensional parameter, obtain Harmonious Waves in Power Systems characteristic and data, show and print, be that mode with projection is presented at two-dimensional coordinate figure, show harmonic wave dynamic change characterization and data with two-dimensional coordinate figure
A the amplitude time parameter line of each harmonic, provides the demonstration three-dimensional and follows humorous wave amplitude the each harmonic amplitude-time curve and the data of variation characteristic in time according to time sequencing at humorous wave amplitude-time coordinate figure, at harmonic curve mark overtone order,
B the frequency time parameter line of each harmonic, provides the demonstration three-dimensional and follows harmonic frequency the each harmonic frequency-time curve and the data of variation characteristic in time according to time sequencing at harmonic frequency-time coordinate figure, at harmonic curve mark overtone order,
C is in humorous wave amplitude-harmonic frequency coordinate diagram, the amplitude frequency parameter line of each harmonic, provide the humorous wave amplitude frequency of demonstration three-dimensional the each harmonic amplitude-frequency plot and the data of variation characteristic in time, mark shown humorous wave amplitude frequency plot time corresponding in the drawings.
4. according to the method for the described measurement Harmonious Waves in Power Systems of claim 1, it is characterized in that said synchronous constant duration, its big or small system of selection is can follow humorous wave amplitude and frequency variation characteristic in time synchronously in the three-dimensional coordinate direction, its concrete practice is: observe fast-changing Harmonious Waves in Power Systems three-dimensional curve on screen, in humorous wave amplitude and frequency three-dimensional coordinate direction, can follow each harmonic amplitude variable quantity in time, also following frequency increase and decrease amount in time synchronously provides the continuous smooth three-dimensional curve of each harmonic.
5. according to the method for the described measurement Harmonious Waves in Power Systems of claim 1, it is characterized in that said synchronous constant duration, to having the humorous wave amplitude frequency Harmonious Waves in Power Systems of quick variation characteristic in time, follow each harmonic frequency increase and decrease amount in time, in fundamental frequency, more than or equal to 0.1 He Zhi, constant duration was smaller or equal to 0.1 second synchronously.
6. according to the method for the described measurement Harmonious Waves in Power Systems of claim 1, it is characterized in that said application microcomputer equally spaced carries out Fourier analysis, the frequency analysis result who provides has definite time span, the symbol of time span is/TFT that definite method of time span is: the time course with electric system circulation dynamic harmonic is determined time span; With the time span that the harmonic characteristic of electrical equipment is demarcated, promptly the duration of electric equipment operation process generation dynamic harmonic is determined time span.
7. according to the method for the described measurement Harmonious Waves in Power Systems of claim 1, it is characterized in that said Harmonious Waves in Power Systems characteristic and the data of obtaining, be time span/data-switching of TFT becomes harmonic wave time domain and the harmonic frequency territory characteristic and the data of electrician's measurement unit metering:
Effective value/the TFT of each harmonic and harmonic wave total value; Harmonic wave maximal value/TFT, maximal value number of times/TFT, maximal value density/TFT; Each harmonic and harmonic wave total value reach the duration of designated value at/TFT in the time period; Uncharacteristic harmonics is in/TFT time-frequency domain characteristic and data in the time period; The fitting theory function of time, curve and design factor/TFT; The Harmonious Waves in Power Systems resonant frequency; Statistics/the TFT of harmonic frequency curve, maximum frequency deviation/TFT, frequency deviation duration/TFT; Time domain frequency field parameter value/TFT that the ssystem transfer function computing obtains, system is to the amplification coefficient of each harmonic; Parameter/the TFT and the curve/TFT of 3D and 3D-2D time domain frequency field.
8. according to the method for the described measurement Harmonious Waves in Power Systems of claim 1, it is characterized in that said harmonic current with injected system imports as system, with the output of the harmonic voltage of system, do the transport function computing as system, the harmonic impedance of measuring system is:
A is to follow mensuration according to Electrical Power System Dynamic harmonic wave three-dimensional to the Fourier analysis of the two information of current/voltage;
B obtains Harmonious Waves in Power Systems impedance three-dimensional curve and data and shows two-dimensional curve and the data that three-dimensional is followed;
Humorous the wave measurement system harmonic impedance that C utilizes electrical equipment to produce;
D makes system's equivalent circuit diagram according to the system's each harmonic resistance value that records, and the circuit Calculation Method is calculated routinely:
A. obtain for the harmonic resonance frequency of electrical network, promptly harmonic impedance amplitude frequency diagram maximum impedance position frequency accordingly obtains for using mains by harmonics absorption frequency, the i.e. frequency of harmonic impedance amplitude frequency diagram minimum impedance position correspondence;
B. obtain and supply with the amplification coefficient of electrical network to the each harmonic electric current.
9. the Harmonious Waves in Power Systems quantitative measurment instrument of making according to the method for the described measurement Harmonious Waves in Power Systems of claim 1, device has by four input current information of voltage transducers, CPU microprocessor, storer, display, data collecting card in the harmonic measuring instrument case, digital to analog converter, white noise signal generator and frequency analysis Survey Software are solidified the computerized measurement assembly that part constitutes, the key of controlling of operational order input and analysis result output print drawing is arranged on the measuring instrument panel, it is characterized in that:
The data collecting card of A in the surveying instrument case, digital to analog converter are connected with the deposit hard card while gathering, and be connected with and detect phase relation testing circuit plate between the input current information of voltage,
B is equipped with Electrical Power System Dynamic harmonic measure software solidification spare in the measuring instrument case,
The key of controlling that C installs on the measuring instrument panel has:
3D, 3D-2D function controlling key, 3D, 3D-2D graphical content, pattern options button, computing options button, data presentation options button, time span/TFT options button, analysis times options button, constant duration options button synchronously.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB981104142A CN1133877C (en) | 1998-08-26 | 1998-08-26 | Harmonic quantitative measurement method of power system and its measurement instrument |
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| CNB981104142A CN1133877C (en) | 1998-08-26 | 1998-08-26 | Harmonic quantitative measurement method of power system and its measurement instrument |
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