CN1234707C - 抗肿瘤药甲氨蝶呤衍生物及其在药学上的用途 - Google Patents
抗肿瘤药甲氨蝶呤衍生物及其在药学上的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1234707C CN1234707C CN 03113040 CN03113040A CN1234707C CN 1234707 C CN1234707 C CN 1234707C CN 03113040 CN03113040 CN 03113040 CN 03113040 A CN03113040 A CN 03113040A CN 1234707 C CN1234707 C CN 1234707C
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Abstract
甲氨蝶呤(MTX)与一氧化氮自由基供体和/或一氧化氮合成酶抑制剂键合的衍生物(I),其可用于制备细胞功能调节、抗肿瘤、免疫抑制、抗菌、抗关节炎药物,这类新的MTX衍生物表现出高于MTX的抑制肿瘤细胞生长的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于抗肿瘤药甲氨蝶呤衍生物及其药学用途,具体为将一氧化氮调节剂,即一氧化氮自由基(“NO·”简写NO)供体和一氧化氮合成酶(简写为NOS)抑制剂分别与抗肿瘤药物MTX用化学方法结合,合成得到的新的MTX衍生物,及其在药学上的用途。
这项发明研究工作获到国家自然科学基金的资助(项目编号39870822)。
背景技术
半个世纪以来,甲氨蝶呤(Methotrexate,缩写为MTX,其化学名为:N-[4-[[2,4-二氨基-6-蝶啶甲基]甲氨基]苯甲酰基]-L-谷氨酸)一直是临床上的一个重要的抗癌药物,其抗癌机理是:甲氨蝶呤与叶酸结构极为相似,都属于蝶啶衍生物,故MTX能够结合到二氢叶酸还原酶(缩写DHFR)的活性位置上,阻断四氢叶酸(缩写THF)的形成。THF衍生物在细胞中是嘧啶、嘌呤生物合成中甲酰基、羟甲基或甲基的供体,在DNA和RNA的合成、复制和修复等过程起着重要作用。THF在细胞内的合成是由叶酸经DHFR的作用而完成。MTX通过抑制核酸的合成,显现杀菌、抗病毒和抑制不正常、增殖较快细胞的作用,尤其在抗肿瘤方面显示了重要作用。由于MTX与叶酸的结构相似,迅速增殖的癌细胞吸收MTX的量多于一般正常细胞,从而使MTX成为使用广泛的抗肿瘤药物。但是由于其抗癌谱很窄,又是一个非选择性胞毒剂,具有较大的毒性;再者,MTX在临床上已使用50多年,癌细胞对MTX的耐药性已显露出来,故自从MTX应用临床后,国外药物化学家一直在对其进行结构改造,以降低其毒性,扩大其抗癌谱。他们对MTX的结构改造以达到增加其脂溶性,改变MTX衍生物的药物动力学性质,或者针对其它依赖于四氢叶酸(缩写THF)的酶,来改变修饰MTX,以获得这些酶的抑制剂[姚其正,蝶啶类药物的研究进展,彭司勋主编:药物化学进展(第一卷),北京:中国医药科技出版社,2000,52-80]。此外,MTX也是有效的免疫抑制剂,用于预防器官移植所引起的移植物抗宿主反应,以及控制炎症疾病,如肠炎,MTX也可用于治疗重度牛皮癣,关节炎与类风湿性关节炎。
MTX治疗的疾病均和体内NO的水平有关。肿瘤中产生的NO具有双重作用,这依赖于NO的生成量:一方面,持续合适浓度(pmol或fmol水平)的NO产生,有利于肿瘤生长;另一方面,高浓度(nmol水平)的NO主要起细胞毒作用,抑制和杀伤肿瘤细胞。因此,人为的改变NO的生成(如诱导产生)可抑制肿瘤生长,达到抗肿瘤作用(ThomsenLL,Miles DW,et al,Br J Cancer,1995,72(1):41;Jenkins DC,Charles IG,ThomsonLL,Natl Acad Sci USA,1995,92(10):4392)。NO在组织移植中扮演着重要角色,在移植反应中NO具有免疫调节剂的作用,故在免疫抑制剂MTX分子中组合上NO供体分子或者NOS抑制剂,可以改变MTX的应用范围,使其在抗组织移植排斥反应中产生更全面的效果。由于NO参与关节疾患的病理生理过程,药物调节NO水平已成为治疗关节疾病的一条新途径,目前发现,临床已用于治疗骨关节疾病的一些药物,实际上就是通过减少发炎关节部的NO浓度而发挥治疗作用的。如甲氨蝶呤(MTX)仍被认为是目前治疗风湿性关节炎的一线药物(Anon,Scrip,2000,2556:21)
综上所述,MTX既是核酸合成的抑制剂,具有胞毒性,作为抗肿瘤药物,又是免疫抑制剂,同时又为NOS抑制剂,MTX所能治疗的疾病都与NO有着密切的关系。随着对NO在肿瘤免疫方面基础研究的不断深入,开发MTX-NO供体化合物和MTX-NOS特异性抑制剂,人为地改变NO的生成(抑制或诱导产生),探讨在NO水平上MTX的抑制肿瘤生长机制,达到获得具有较高抗肿瘤作用的MTX新结构药物。同时,这些MTX-NO供体化合物和MTX-NOS特异性抑制剂也会在治疗以上所涉及到的其它疾病方面产生新的影响。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是研究MTX与一氧化氮自由基(“NO·”简写NO)供体和/或一氧化氮合成酶(简写为NOS)抑制剂用化学键结合,形成具有MTX类似治疗作用,但疗效更好的MTX衍生物,其通过调节体内的NO水平,达到抗肿瘤、免疫调节及治疗风湿性关节炎的作用。
为解决上述问题,本发明提供下述技术方案。
下述通式(I)化合物
其中:
R和R’相同或不同,各自独立地表示NO供体或NOS抑制剂的残基,或者OH,条件是两者不能同时为OH;
R”=H或CH3。
所述通式(I)化合物,其特征在于:NO供体残基为C3-C5直链或支链多元醇硝酸酯基、N-亚硝基五元或六元氮杂环基、N-亚硝基苯胺基、呋咱基、苯并呋咱基、羟基(C1-C6)烷基胺基,N-(C1-C6)烷基羟基胍基、N-(对-卤代苯基)羟基胍基、羟基脲基,精氨酸基;NOS抑制剂残基为Nω-取代精氨基酸基、氨基胍基、N-(C1-C4)烷基胍基、S-(C1-C6)烷基异硫脲基、咪唑基团、5-取代咪唑基团、吲唑基团、7-取代吲唑基、C1-C4烷脒基;通式(I)中NO供体残基或NOS抑制剂残基以酯或酰胺的形式与α和/或γ位羧基键合。
所述通式(I)化合物,其特征在于:NO供体残基为:C3-C5直链或支链多元醇硝酸酯基、N-亚硝基五元或六元氮杂环基的环中含1或2个处于邻、间或对位的氮原子、N-亚硝基哌嗪基、N-亚硝基-2-或3-羟基苯胺基、N-亚硝基-4-(C1-C4烷基)苯胺,4-苯基-呋咱-3-亚甲基、4-苯基-呋咱基、羟基-(C1-C4)胺基,N-(C2-C4)烷基羟基胍基、N-异丙基羟基胍基、N-(对-F或Cl代苯基)羟基胍基。
前述通式(I)化合物,其特征在于:NO供体残基为硝酸甘油二酯基、季戊四醇三硝酸酯基,N-对氯苯基羟基胍基,羟基脲基、甲基羟基胍基,精氨酸基;NOS抑制剂残基为Nω-甲或乙基精氨酸残基、Nω-环丙基精氨酸残基、Nω-硝基精氨酸残基,氨基胍基,S-(C1-C4)烷基异硫脲基、S-异丙基异硫脲基,咪唑基、5-苯基咪唑基、5-(4-三氟甲基)苯基咪唑基,吲唑基、7-硝基吲唑基,乙、丙、或异丙脒基。
上述通式(I)化合物,其特征在于:NO供体残基为呋咱基、二硝酸甘油酯基、N-亚硝基哌嗪基、羟胺基、羟基胍基、羟基脲基;NOS抑制剂残基为N-硝基精氨酸甲酯基、N-硝基精氨酸基、氨基胍基、S-甲基异硫脲基、咪唑基、吲唑基、丙脒基。
前述通式(I)化合物与碱或酸形成药学上适用盐。
所述通式(I)化合物在制备调节体内NO水平异常所介导疾病的药物中的应用。
上述通式(I)化合物在制备抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗关节炎、抗组织移植排斥反应药物中的应用。
本发明涉及将一氧化氮调节剂(NO供体和NOS抑制剂)与抗肿瘤药物MTX(甲氨蝶呤)用化学方法组合成一个分子,包括合成得到新的MTX衍生物的方法,以及这类衍生物所具有的药理作用。这类新的MTX衍生物用于需MTX进行治疗的疾病和机能紊乱或障碍,如抗肿瘤,抗关节炎,肠类与其它疾病等方面。
本发明将NO调节剂,即NO供体和NOS抑制剂与MTX以化学方法分别连接到其谷氨酸的α-或γ-位羧基上,利用NO对肿瘤细胞的多重作用,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡,提高MTX对肿瘤细胞的杀灭活性。
NO供体可包括:如硝酸甘油二酯等硝酸酯类,亚硝胺类,呋咱环类,羟胺,羟基胍,羟基脲类,精氨酸等化合物(Wang PG,Xian M,Tang XP,et al,Chem Rev,2002,102:1091);NOS抑制剂可包括:如修饰性精氨酸类等氨基酸化合物,氨基胍类、异硫脲类等非氨基酸类衍生物,咪唑类,吲唑类和脒类等化合物(钟慈声,孙安阳,一氧化氮的生物医学,上海:上海医科大学出版社,1997,p.146-151)。本发明发现所述NO供体与NOS抑制剂的残基可以酯键或酰胺键形式与MTX结合,形成MTX衍生物。由于MTX本身是NOS抑制剂,利用NO调节剂来影响MTX的原有作用,以此探讨在NO水平上MTX的抗肿瘤机制。这种新型的MTX衍生物借助对NO水平调节作用,增加了其作用靶点,增强了MTX原有的生物活性作用,扩大其治疗范围,改善其副作用等,从而对其免疫抑制剂、抗炎剂以及抗关节炎等药效带来新的影响,不但具有理论意义,而且有临床应用价值。
本发明所涉及的化合物的应用都有与MTX的相似之处和不同之处。
本发明所合成的MTX类似物不排除在其α-位的R和γ-位的R’同时或分别组合上NO供体和NOS抑制剂。发明中MTX类似物也包括由任何适当的有机或无机酸所形成的盐类;当MTX类似物分别为上式中的(1)或(2)形式时,也包括由任何适当的有机或无机碱所形成的盐类。这些适合的酸为医药上准许用的,如有盐酸、硝酸、硫酸、磷酸、碳酸、氨基酸(例如甘氨酸、赖氨酸、丝氨酸等等)、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、戊酸、柠檬酸、草酸、水杨酸、苯甲酸、苯丙酸、酒石酸、乳酸、二乙基乙酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、庚二酸、马来酸、苹果酸、氨基磺酸、葡糖酸、抗坏血酸、异烟酸、甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸和己二酸等类似的酸;发明中MTX类似物可和多摩尔的酸加成形成盐,这些多摩尔的酸可以是单一的,也可以是组合的,这主要根据需要,由使用的溶剂或稀释剂等情况来决定。这些加成的盐可通过阴离子交换而去除。对于发明中MTX类似物和无机碱所形成的盐,特别有效的是钠、钾和铵盐,以及那些和有机胺形成的盐。
根据本发明思路所合成得到的化合物为MTX衍生物,用于治疗原MTX所能治疗的病,主要用于抗肿瘤,控制炎症,预防器官等组织移植引起的移植物抗宿主反应,用于治疗重度牛皮癣和骨关节炎、类风湿性关节炎等关节疾患,并且也可用于因体内NO水平失调所介导的其它疾病。
本发明所涉及的MTX衍生物和它们相应的盐类可和适合辅料(包括相应的医药上准许应用的赋形剂、粘合剂、缓释剂、稳定剂、香料、调味剂、色素等)做成片剂或胶囊口服,也可做成相应的针剂用于临床。
本发明所涉及的MTX衍生物的合成方法:以对甲氨基苯甲酰谷氨酸衍生物为原料,以酰化或酯化方法,分别连接NO调节剂,然后再与蝶啶衍生物缩合得MTX衍生物。具体的合成过程分以下四步进行:(a)6-卤代甲基-2,4-二氨基蝶啶的合成;(b)NO供体或/和NOS抑制剂的合成;(c)对甲氨基苯甲酰谷氨酸的α-或γ-位的羧基上,常以酯或酰胺方式(选择何种方式决定于NO调节剂的结构条件),与(b)中NO供体或NOS抑制剂连接;(d)MTX组合分子的合成,这步是(a)中产物与(c)中产物的连接,即组合分子中9、10位间的键合,从而完成目标产物的合成。本发明所涉及的MTX衍生物的合成不限于以上的合成策略,也可以按其它合成MTX的方法进行,如Taylor合成策略(Taylor EC,Ray PS,J Org Chem,1988,53:35;Chan CL,USP 5698556,1997-12-16)。按照此策略,可先将连接有NO供体或/和NOS抑制剂的对甲氨基苯甲酰谷氨酸衍生物合成出,然后接上吡嗪环,最后再将嘧啶环合,完成目标产物的合成。总之,选择不同的合成策略,常由采用的NO调节剂的结构类型,其它原材料以及保护基的种类等因素来决定。
本发明中所采用的合成策略具体地体现在图式Fig.2.-Fig.5中。
Fig.1 甲氨蝶呤
Fig.2 2,4-氨基-6-溴甲基蝶啶(1)的制备
Fig.3 (对甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酸-γ-羧基取代衍生物(9、12、15、16)的制备
Fig.4 (对甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酸-a-羧基取代衍生物(21、23、24)的制备
Fig.5 MTX-a-和-γ-位取代衍生物(P-1~P-7)
在这些图式中举例选择了呋咱类衍生物7作为NO供体,L-Nω-硝基精氨酸10和其甲酯13为NOS抑制剂,由此产生图式Fig.2-Fig.5所展现的合成路线和方法,具体分述如下:
(A)6-卤代甲基-2,4-二氨基蝶啶的合成 6-卤代甲基-2,4-二氨基蝶啶中的卤素可以是Cl、Br、和I,一般不用F,因F稳定性太大,不易被其它基团取代。但I(碘)又太活泼,不稳定,所以常用Cl和Br,又以Br为最佳。化合物1,即6-溴甲基-2,4-二氨基蝶啶的合成是以四氨基嘧啶和α,β-二溴丙醛为原料缩合而得(见Fig.2),该法原料来源广泛(上海医药工业研究院主编:全国原料药工艺汇编,北京:国家医药管理局,1979,p.374-376)。
(B)NO供体或/和NOS抑制剂的合成 选择的NO供体呋咱环(即1,2,5-噁二唑-2-氧的俗称)类衍生物7(3-羟甲基-4-苯基-1,2,5-噁二唑-2-氧,或称为:3-羟甲基-4-苯基-呋咱),和NOS抑制剂L-Nω-硝基精氨酸(10)和其甲酯13均为已知化合物,它们的合成均根据已有的方法进行(参考文献分别为:Gasco AM,Fruttero R,SorbaG,Gasco A,Liebigs Ann Chem,1991,11:1211;Hofmann K,Peckman WD,RheinerA,J Am Chem Soc,1956,78:238)。
(C)对甲氨基苯甲酰谷氨酸衍生物的合成 这类化合物的合成是为全部目标产物合成提供关键中间体9、12、15、16、21、23和24,由于大多数中间体产物都为肽类或肽类类似物,在合成中采用了多种肽类合成保护基和保护手段。
首先,对甲氨基苯甲酸中的甲氨基用叔丁氧羰基(简写为Boc)进行保护,得化合物4,这样有利于其对位的羧基与L-谷氨酸衍生物发生反应,避免对甲氨基苯甲酸的自身缩合或聚合。此外,保护基叔丁氧羰基最后很容易被三氟醋酸脱除(Klieger E,Schroeder E,Liebigs Ann Chem,1963,661:193)。
在制备(对甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酸-γ-羧基取代衍生物9、12、15、16时(见Fig.3),采用Watson等人(Hanby WE,Waley SG,Watson J,J Chem Soc,1950:3239)的方法,用苯甲醇和L-谷氨酸在强无机酸作用下可仅生成L-谷氨酸-γ-苯甲酯2,并且苯甲基可方便地通过金属催化剂(如Pd/C)加氢氢解掉。对L-谷氨酸的α-位羧酸可与异丁烯作用形成α-叔丁酯3(Roeske RW,J Org Chem,1963,28:1251),将3与4缩合生成5,再将5用Pd/C催化加氢去除γ-苯甲酯,从而使L-谷氨酸的γ-位羧酸空出,产生重要中间体6。6即可分别和NO供体:3-羟甲基-4-苯基-1,2,5-噁二唑-2-氧(7)或NOS抑制剂:L-Nω-硝基精氨酸(10)和其甲酯13结合,再经三氟醋酸作用去除甲氨基上和α-位上的保护基,分别获得(对甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酸-γ-羧基取代衍生物9、12、15、16。
制备(对甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酸-α-羧基取代衍生物21、23、24过程中(见Fig.4),首先将保护过的对甲氨基苯甲酸4和L-谷氨酸反应,得到的化合物18,立即在醋酐的作用下,使18中的谷氨酸脱水环合成谷氨酸酐19(Quesne WJL,Young GT,J Chem Soc,1950:1954),根据Klieger等人的实验证实,谷氨酸酐和醇或氨基酸酯反应均可生成α-羧基取代衍生物(Klieger E,Gibian H,Liebigs Ann Chem,1962,655:195;Boαanszky M,Nature[London],1955,175:685),再经一些去除保护基的步骤即可得到(对甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酸-α-羧基取代衍生物21、23、24。另外,通过薄板层析(TLC)检测,可以看到(对甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酸-α-羧基取代衍生物的Rf值高于相应的(对甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酸-γ-羧基取代衍生物的Rf值,这构成了这两种同分异构体之间结构表征上的区别。
(D)MTX组合分子的合成 将化合物1,即6-溴甲基-2,4-二氨基蝶啶分别依次和化合物21、9、16、23、12、24和15在N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中反应,经硅胶柱层析纯化分别得到MTX-α-和-γ-位取代衍生物即目标化合物:P-1~P-7(见Fig.5)。
以下合成与生物活性测定实例进一步具体地表述本发明,但这些实例不应作为任何固定的范围而排斥本发明所要涉及的内容。
具体实施方式
熔点采用Mel-TEMP熔点仪测定,温度计未经校正;红外光谱采用Nicolet Impact 410型红外光谱仪测定,采用KBr压片;1H-NMR谱用Bruker ACF-300和Bruker AM-500型核磁共振仪测定;MS谱用Finnigan FTMS-2000型质谱仪测定;元素分折用Elementar VarioEL III型元素分析仪测定。
实施例1
Fig.2~4的中间体1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、18、19、20、21、22、23、24的合成
6-溴甲基-2,4-二氨基蝶啶(1)取(3.3g,15mmol)四氨基嘧啶双盐酸盐,46mL乙醇,加入65mL的水中,加热至35℃,pH值为1.8(以酸度计测定),以5N NaOH溶液调节pH至3.3(40℃),在搅拌下,开始滴加3.3g二溴丙醛的乙醇溶液(二溴丙醛∶乙醇=1∶4.525),保持温度40±2℃,(随时以5N NaOH溶液调节pH至3-3.5),加料完毕继续搅拌1小时,冷却至20℃,加入浓盐酸和适量活性碳脱色,过滤,溶液加入赤血盐溶液(赤血盐∶水=1∶4.507),放置1小时,再以5N NaOH溶液调节pH至7-8,析出黄色固体,过滤,以乙醇,乙醚洗涤,干燥,得6-溴甲基-2,4-二氨基蝶啶(1)10.6g,产率:65%。ESI-MS:256.0(M+H+),C7H7BrN6(M:255.07)。
L-谷氨酸-γ-苄酯(2) 在500mL乙醚(Na2SO3干燥处理过)中依次加入50mL的浓硫酸,50mL处理过的苯甲醇,溶解后减压蒸馏除去乙醚,分两批加入L-谷氨酸(100g,0.68mol),20℃下反应20小时。加入1000mL 96%乙醇,再加入250mL的吡啶,析出结晶,于-20℃冰箱中放置过夜,过滤,乙醇洗,得85g粗品,用含10mL吡啶的800mL水溶液重结晶,放置过夜,过滤,真空干燥,得53.7g固体2。m.p.:169-170℃,产率:33%[Lit(见“(C)”陈述中列出的相应文献):m.p.:169-170℃]
L-谷氨酸-α-叔丁酯-γ-苄酯盐酸盐(3) 250mL二氧六环中加入30mL浓硫酸后,加入2(38.5g, 0.162mol),冷却下加入200mL异丁烯。20℃下反应4小时后,冰盐浴冷却,倒入含NaOH(54g,1.35mol)的300mL冰水溶液中,加入200mL冷乙醚并剧烈搅拌,将有机层用水洗(2*100mL),水层分别用200mL,100mL,50mL乙醚萃取,合并有机相,Na2SO4干燥,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,加入200mL的乙醚,冷却下通入干燥的HCl气体,至pH 4-5,-20℃冰箱中放置过夜,过滤,固体用乙醚洗,得化合物3(34.8g),m.p.:105-107℃,产率:65%[Lit(见“(C)”陈述中列出的相应文献):m.p.:107-108℃]。
对(叔丁氧羰基)甲氨基苯甲酸(4) 对甲氨基苯甲酸甲酯(5.6g,34mmol),7.8mL的碳酸二叔丁酯加入到20mL的二氧六环中,80℃下反应10小时,减压蒸馏除去二氧六环,得液体对(叔丁氧羰基)甲氨基苯甲酸甲酯(长时间放置,结晶得固体,m.p.:109-111℃)。在该液体中加入1N NaOH甲醇溶液50mL,室温下反应3小时,减压蒸馏除去大部分甲醇,加入100mL的H2O和3mL的冰醋酸,得淡黄色固体,用乙酸乙酯和石油醚的混合液重结晶,得3.2g固体4。m.p.:159-161℃,产率:38%。IR(cm-1):2982.95,1703.79,1680.01,1606.56,1572.59,1478.40,1427.03,1342.62,1193.41,1147.35,1100.32,948.51,850.40,775.09。
N-(对(叔丁氧羰基)甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酸-α-叔丁酯-γ-苄酯(5) 4(23.07g,92mmol),3(30.29g,92mmol),DDC(19.33g,94mmol),13.6mL三乙胺加入200mL四氢呋喃中,0℃反应10小时,过滤,滤液减压蒸馏后,硅胶柱层析纯化,洗脱液为氯仿/甲醇(100:1,v/v)。得45g无色油状物5。产率:93%。ESI-MS:527.2(M+H+),C29H38N2O7(M=526.63)。
N-(对(叔丁氧羰基)甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酸-α-叔丁酯(6)5(45g,86mmol)溶于200mL 95%乙醇中,加入2g 5%Pd-C,保持温度在35℃左右,常压加氢还原后,过滤,滤液减压蒸馏至干,加少量乙醇再减压蒸馏至干,得36g固体6。m.p.:86-88℃ 产率:94%。IR(cm-1):1748.89,1719.23,1695.79,1659.80,1603.38,1369.01,1308.34,1269.08,1151.04
3-羟甲基-4-苯基-1,2,5-噁二唑-2-氧化物(7)于三颈瓶中加入肉桂醇(10g,0.075mol),冰乙酸15mL,室温下搅拌,滴加亚硝酸钠(15g,0.217mol)饱和溶液,1小时内滴完。在此过程中,反应温度小于60℃,继续反应1小时,反应液由淡黄色转变为橙色。加入50mL的水后,用乙醚萃取(4*30mL),合并有机相,用饱和食盐水洗(3*40mL)。乙醚相用Na2SO4干燥,浓缩后硅胶柱层析纯化,洗脱液为氯仿/甲醇(10∶1,v/v),粗品经苯重结晶,得5g无色晶体7。m.p.:68-70℃。产率:35%[Lit(见“(B)”中列出的相应文献):m.p.:66-67℃,产率:35%]。
N-(对甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酸-γ-(4-苯基-1,2,5-噁二唑-2-氧化物-3-甲)酯(9) 6(2g,4.6mmol), 7(1g,5.2mmol),DCC(1.1g,5.3mmol)溶于10mL二氯甲烷,加入催化量4-(N,N-二甲氨基)吡啶(DMAP),0℃下反应10小时,过滤,滤液减压蒸馏后进行硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱液为氯仿/甲醇,8∶1,v/v),得2.5g无色油状物N-(对(叔丁氧羰基)甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酸-α-叔丁酯-γ-(4-苯基-1,2,5-噁二唑-2-氧化物-3-甲)酯(8),产率:89%。将此油状物2.5g溶于6mL三氟醋酸中,搅拌过夜,减压蒸馏除去三氟醋酸,得油状物,加入2mL丙酮溶解后重结晶,得1.5g白色固体(9)。m.p.:119-121℃,总产率:74%。 Anal(C22H22N4O7)(M=454.44),Found:C58.06%,H 4.73%,N 12.34%;Calcd:C 58.15%,H 4.87%,N 12.33%.
L-Nω-硝基精氨酸(13) 于三颈瓶中依次加入25mL 30%发烟硫酸,40mL发烟硝酸,冷却至-15℃以下,分批加入L-精氨酸盐酸盐(36g,0.171mol),并保持温度在-10℃以下,此过程需时2小时,用16mL的浓硫酸将粘附在壁上的粉末洗到反应瓶中,继续反应1小时,恢复至0℃,倒入碎冰上,用浓氨水调节pH至8-9,再用冰乙酸调节pH至6,冰箱中放置4小时,过滤,水洗,固体用水重结晶,得25g 13,白色固体。m.p.:255℃(dec.),产率:67%[Lit(见“(B)”陈述中列出的相应文献):m.p.:257℃(dec.),产率:67%]。
L-Nω-硝基精氨酸甲酯盐酸盐(10) 13(10g,0.0457mol)悬浮于50mL甲醇中,冰盐浴,缓慢加入10mL的二氯亚砜,滴加完备后,升温回流1小时,减压蒸馏除去甲醇,加入10mL甲醇溶解后,加入50mL乙醚,冰箱中放置过夜,过滤,乙醚洗,干燥得10g白色固体10。m.p.:158-160℃,产率:94%[Lit(见“(B)”陈述中列出的相应文献):m.p.:159-161℃]。
N-(对甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酰-γ-N-(L-Nω-硝基-精氨酸甲酯)(12) 6(2.5g,5.7mmo1),0.84mL三乙胺加入到10mL四氢呋喃中,冷却至-10℃,搅拌,滴加0.58mL氯甲酸乙酯和0.5mL的四氢呋喃混合液,滴加完毕后保持温度反应10分钟,加入10(1.6g,5.9mmol),0.86mL三乙胺,搅拌过夜,过滤,减压蒸馏,硅胶柱层析(洗脱液为氯仿/甲醇,10∶1,v/v),得3.5g无色油状物N-(对(叔丁氧羰基)甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酰-(α-叔丁氧基)-γ-N-(L-Nω-硝基-精氨酸甲酯)(11),产率:93%。在上述油状物3.5g(5.4mmol)中加入6mL三氟醋酸,室温下搅拌过夜后,减压蒸除三氟醋酸,几乎定量得无色油状物12(2.54g)。ESI-MS:496.2(M+H+),C20H29N7O8(M:495.5)。
N-(对甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酰-γ-N-(L-Nω-硝基精氨酸)(15) 6(2.5g,5.7mmol),0.84mL三乙胺加入到10mL四氢呋喃中,冷却至-10℃,搅拌,滴加0.58mL氯甲酸乙酯和0.5mL的四氢呋喃混合液,滴加完毕后,保持在该温度下反应10分钟,加入含13(1.3g,5.9mmol),NaOH(0.24g,0.6mmol)的水溶液,搅拌过夜,加入1mL醋酸,乙酸乙酯萃取,减压蒸馏,残留物用硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱液为氯仿/甲醇,8∶1,v/v),得3.2g无色油状物N-(对(叔丁氧羰基)甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酰-(α-叔丁氧基)-γ-N-(L-Nω-硝基精氨酸)(14),产率:87%。在14(3.2g)中加入6mL三氟醋酸,方法同12的制备,得2.36g无色油状物15。ESI-MS:482.3(M+H+),C19H27N7O8(M:481.5)。
N-(对甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酸-γ-苄酯(16) 5(2g,4mmol),6 mL三氟醋酸,方法同12的制备,几乎定量地得1.4g无色油状物16。ESI-MS:372.1(M+H+),393.1(M+Na+),C20H22N2O5(M:370.4)。
N-(对(叔丁氧羰基)甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酸(18) 4(10.98g,44mmol),6.4mL三乙胺加入到40mL四氢呋喃中,冷却至-10℃,搅拌,滴加4.39mL氯甲酸乙酯和15mL的四氢呋喃混合液,滴加完毕后保持温度反应10分钟,加入L-谷氨酸(6.47g,44mmol),NaOH(3.67g,92mmol),15mL水溶液,搅拌过夜,再加入7mL 36%浓盐酸,乙酸乙酯萃取(3*100mL),干燥,减压蒸馏,硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱液为氯仿/甲醇,8∶1,v/v),得13.0g粘稠状物质18。产率:78%。
N-(对(叔丁氧羰基)甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酸酐(19) 在18(13g,34mmol)中加入20mL的醋酐,振荡至溶解,放置过夜,析出固体,过滤,1∶1丙酮:石油醚10mL洗,得9g白色固体19。m.p.156-158℃,产率:73%。Anal.(C18H22N2O6)(M=362.4),Found:C 59.33%,H 6.24%,N 7.59%;Calcd:C 59.60%,H 6.12%,N 7.73%.
N-(对甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酸-α-(4-苯基-1,2,5-噁二唑-2-氧化物-3-甲)酯(21)19(2.0g,5.5mmol),7(1.0g,5.2mmol),加入到10mL二氧六环中,80℃搅拌反应5小时,减压蒸馏移去二氧六环,硅胶柱层析(洗脱液为氯仿/甲醇,10∶1,v/v)得1.5g无色油状物N-(对(叔丁氧羰基)甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酸-α-(4-苯基-1,2,5-噁二唑-2-氧化物-3-甲)酯(20),产率:49%。20(1.5g,2.7mmol)中加入3mL三氟醋酸,搅拌过夜,减压蒸馏除去三氟醋酸,加入3mL丙酮,溶解后放置,析出固体,过滤,几乎定量地得到21(1.2g白色固体)。m.p.155-157℃,1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:6.515-7.758(m,9H,phenyl),5.156(s,2H,-OCH2),4.376(q,1H,NCH),2.706(s,3H,NCH3),2.303(t,2H,CH2),1.931(m,2H,CH2)。IR(cm-1):3401.51,3301.95,1738.86,1716.57,1602.45。ESI-MS:455.3(M+H+),C22H22N4O7(M=454.44)。Anal for 21,Found:C 58.12%,H 4.82%,N 12.25%;Calcd:C 58.15%,H 4.87%,N 12.33%.
N-(对甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酰-α-N-(L-Nω-硝基精氨酸甲酯)(23) 19(4.0g,11.0mmol),10(2.0g,7,4mmol),加入10mL二氧六环,80℃搅拌反应5小时,减压蒸馏移去二氧六环,硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱液为氯仿/甲醇,10∶1,v/v)得3.2g无色油状物N-(对(叔丁氧羰基)甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酰-α-N-(L-Nω-硝基精氨酸甲酯)(22),产率:49%。22(3.2g,5.4mmol)中加入6mL三氟醋酸,搅拌过夜,减压蒸馏除去三氟醋酸,多次加入丙酮减压蒸馏,几乎定量地得到23(2.66g无色油状物)。ESI-MS:496.3(M+H+),518.3(M+Na+),C20H29N7O8(M:495.5)。
N-(对甲氨基苯甲酰)-L-谷氨酰-α-N-(L-Nω-硝基精氨酸)(24) 23(1.0g,2.0mmo1)溶于5mL 1N NaOH甲醇溶液,反应0.5小时后,加入5mL 1N HCl溶液中和,减压蒸馏至于,硅胶柱层析(洗脱液为氯仿/甲醇,8∶1,v/v)得0.8g 24,无色油状物,产率:84%。ESI-MS:482.2(M+H+),504.2(M+Na+),C19H27N7O8(M:481.5)。
实施例2
α-(4-苯基-1,2,5-噁二唑-2-氧化物-3-亚甲基)-N-{4-[[(2,4-二氨基-6-蝶啶基)甲基]对甲氨基]苯甲酰基}-L-谷氨酸酯(P-1) 21(300mg,0.66mmol),1(300mg,1.18mmol)溶于5mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,升温至70℃,反应6小时,减压蒸馏,经硅胶柱层析纯化(洗脱液为氯仿/甲醇,10∶1,v/v),得36mg黄色固体P-1。m.p.:175-178℃(dec.),产率:8.7%。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:8.738(s,1H,7-H),8.160-8.492(m,2H,NH2),7.407-7.675(m,7H,phenyl),7.278(broad,2H,NH2),6.435(d,2H,phenyl),5.1 14,5.209(s,s,4H,N-CH2-pterin,COO-CH2),4.507(broad,1H,NCH),2.710(s,3H,NCH3),2.031-2.122(m,2H,CH2).IR(cm-1):333.04,3203.92,1745.3,1636.14,1604.83,1509.07,1453.69,1187.63。ESI-MS:629.2(M+H+),651.2(M+Na+),C29H28N10O7(M=628.61)。Anal.For P-1*0.5HBr*0.5H2O(M=678.12),Found:C 51.33%,H 4.29%,N 20.06%,Calcd:C 51.37%,H4.38%,N 20.66%.
实施例3
γ-(4-苯基-1,2,5-噁二唑-2-氧化物-3-亚甲基)-N-{4-[[(2,4-二氨基-6-蝶啶基)甲基]对甲氨基]苯甲酰基}-L-谷氨酸酯(P-2) 9(300mg,0.66mmol),1(300mg,1.18mmol)溶于5mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,方法同P-1的制备,得42mg黄色固体P-2。m.p.:171-174℃(dec.),产率:10.1%。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)6:8.736(d,1H,7-H),8.173-8.152(m,2H,NH2),7.523-7.723(m,7H,phenyl),7.109(broad,2H,NH2),6.483(d,2H,phenyl),5.315(q,2H,COO-CH2),5.133(s,2H,N-CH2-pterin),4.680(d,1H,N-CH),2.712(s,3H,N-CH3),2.080(m,2H,CH2).IR(cm-1):3338.56,3203.16,1745.10,1603.00,1452.62,1 186.80。ESI-MS:629.3(M+H+),651.3(M+Na+),C29H28N10O7(M=628.61)。Anal.For P-2*0.5HBr*0.5H2O(M=678.12),Found:C 51.41%,H 4.42%,N 20.03%,Calcd:C 51.37%,4.38%,N 20.66%.
实施例4
γ-苄基-N-{4-[[(2,4-二氨基-6-蝶啶基)甲基]对甲氨基]苯甲酰基}-L-谷氨酸酯(P-3) 16(400mg,1.08mmol),1(300mg,1.18mmol)溶于5mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,方法同P-1的制备,得46mg黄色固体P-3。m.p.:133-135℃(dec.),产率:7.8%。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:8.739(s,1H,7-H),8.323-8.337(broad,2H,,NH2),6.464-7.682(m,9H,phenyl),5.254-5.390(q,2H,COOCH2),5.033(s,2H,N-CH2-pterin),4.523(broad,1H,NCH),2.717(s,3H,NCH3),2.111-2.211(m,2H,CH2)。IR(cm-1):3330.45,3206.41,1736.82,1633.27,1607.13,1511.28,1451.2,1 187.92。ESI-MS:545.3(M+H+),567.2(M+Na+);C27H28N8O5(M=544.5)。Anal.forP-3*0.5 H2O*0.5 HBr(M=593.6),Found:C 54.44%,H 4.93%,N 19.11%;Caicd:C 54.63%,H 4.92%.N 18.88%.
实施例5
N-(N-{4-[[(2,4-二氨基-6-蝶啶基)甲基]对甲氨基]苯甲酰基}-α-L-谷氨酰)-(L-Nω-硝基精氨酸甲酯)(P-4) 23(400mg,0.81mmol),1(300mg,1.18mmol)溶于5mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,方法同P-1的制备,得28mg黄色固体P-4。m.p.:>230℃(dec.)。产率:5.2%。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:8.477(s,1H,7-H),6.669,6.680(m,4H,phenyl),4.714(s,2H,N-CH2-pterin),4.322,4.500(broad,2H,2NCH),3.596(d,3H,OCH3),3.162(s,3H,NCH3),3.119(broad,2H,CH2),2.289-2.243(m,2H,CH2),1.964-2.055(m,2H,CH2),1.510-1.619(broad,4H,2CH2)。ESI-MS:692.3(M+Na+),C27H35N13O8(M=669.66)。Anal.for P-4*H2O*0.5HBr(M=728.2),Found:C44.08%,H4.87%,N24.51%;Calcd:C44.53%,H5.19%,N25.00%.
实施例6
N-(N-{4-[[(2,4-二氨基-6-蝶啶基)甲基]对甲氨基]苯甲酰基}-γ-L-谷氨酰)-(L-Nω-硝基精氨酸甲酯)(P-5) 12(0.4g,0.81mmol),1(0.3g,1.18mmol)溶于5mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,方法同P-1的制备,得32mg黄色固体P-5。m.p.:185-188℃(dec.)。产率:5.9%。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:8.470(s,1H,7-H),6.756,7.720(m,4H,phenyl),4.765(s,2H,N-CH2-pterin),4.262,4.340(broad,2H,2NCH),3.578(s,3H,OCH3),3.205(s,3H,NCH3),3.115(broad,2H,CH2),2.365(broad,2H,CH2),1.513-2.106(m,6H,3CH2)。IR(cm-1):3370.70,1733.76,1634.81,1606.84,1508.79,1264.72,1207.39,ESI-MS:692.3(M+Na+)C27H35N13O8(M=669.66)。Anal.forP-5*H2O*0.5HBr(M=728.2),Found:C44.21%,H4.98%,N24.62%;Calcd:C44.53%,H5.19%,N25.00%.
实施例7
N-(N-{4-[[(2,4-二氨基-6-蝶啶基)甲基]对甲氨基]苯甲酰基}-α-L-谷氨酰)-(L-Nω-硝基精氨酸)(P-6)400mg(0.83mmol)24,300mg(1.18mmol)1溶于5mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,方法同P-1的制备,得28mg黄色固体P-6。产率:5.1%。m.p.:>240℃(dec.)。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:8.518(s,1H,7-H),7.634-7.712,6.667-6.744(m,4H,phenyl),4.757(s,2H,N-CH2-pterin),4.343,4.483(broad,2H,2NCH),3.194(s,3H,NCH3),3.130(broad,2H,CH2),2.270-2.642(m,2H,CH2),1.510-2.026(m,6H,3CH2)。ESI-MS:657.4[M+H+],679.3[M+Na+],C25H33N13O8(M=656.6)。
实施例8
N-(N-{4-[[(2,4-二氨基-6-蝶啶基)甲基]对甲氨基]苯甲酰基}-γ-L-谷氨酰)-(L-Nω-硝基精氨酸)(P-7)400mg(0.83mmol)15,300mg(1.18mmol)1溶于5mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,方法同P-1的制备,得31mg黄色固体P-7。产率:5.7%。m.p.:>200℃(dec.)。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:8.542(s,1H,7-H),6.797,7.703(m,4H,phenyl),4.762(s,2H,N-CH2-pterin),4.248,4.108(broad,2H,2NCH),3.187(s,3H,NCH3),3.1 13(broad,2H,CH2),2.192-2.241(m,2H,CH2),1.558-1.679(m,6H,3CH2)。IR(cm-1):3424.87,1640.37,1608.40,1509.09,1270.17,1207.51。ESI-MS:657.2[M+H+],679.2[M+Na+],C25H33N13O8(M=656.6)。
实施例9
抗肿瘤活性研究
(1)材料
a、胞株 K562白血病细胞株:由上海血液研究所提供
b、试剂 RPMI Medium 1640:美国GIBCOBRL公司;小牛血清:杭州四季青生物工程公司; MTT:Sigma公司;HEPES:上海丽珠东风生物技术有限公司;L-谷氨酰胺:日本进口分装;二甲基亚砜(DMSO)
c、试剂的配制细胞培养液:1640培养基10.4g,NaHCO32.1g,谷氨酰胺0.3g,HEPES 5.95g,青霉素10万单位,链霉素10万单位,溶于1000毫升双蒸水中,用微孔滤膜过滤除菌,分装,-20℃保存,使用前加入灭活的小牛血清。小牛血清:56℃水浴30分钟灭活,分装后-20℃保存。MTT:以PBS配制成5mg/ml,避光,4℃保存,两周内有效。PBS:NaCl 8.00g,KCl 0.20g,Na2HPO4.12H2O 3.4g,KH2PO4 0.20g于37℃水浴下充分溶于双蒸水中,定溶于1000ml,分装后4℃保存。
(2)方法
a、细胞培养 K562接种于含10%小牛血清的1640培养液中,置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中,每2-3天传代一次,实验时取对数生长期细胞。
b、实验分组实验取对数生长期细胞,混匀后计数,苔盼蓝染色,计数活细胞数在98%以上,将细胞均分为若干组:1.空白对照组(细胞悬液);2.实验组(细胞悬液+药)
c、MTT法测定IC50值(半数抑制量)每种药物以二甲基乙酰胺配置成浓度为16mM的储备液(4小时内实验)。实验时以含10%小牛血清的RPMI1640培养液,采用无菌操作技术分别配制浓度为37.5-1 200μM含药培养液,药物浓度以2倍递增。
选择对数生长期K562细胞,离心,计数,用含10%小牛血清的1640培养液稀释,调整浓度为1 x 105/ml,接种于96孔板,每孔200μl。37℃,5%CO2条件下培养24h,待细胞贴壁。按以上药物浓度共接种6组,另设立1个对照组,每组设立6个复孔。用含以上浓度药物的培养基孵育细胞。于孵育24小时进行MTT快速比色,在酶标仪上以570nm的波长测定吸光度(A)值。按照下式求出抑制率:
以浓度-抑制率曲线求出回归方程,得出50%抑制浓度(IC50)
(3)统计学分析
表:MTX及其衍生物的IC50及相对抗肿瘤活性
Tab:IC50and relative antitumor of MTX and its derivatives
MTX | P-1 | P-2 | P-3 | P-4 | P-5 | |
IC50(μm) | 275.4 | 209.2 | 187.0 | 215.6 | 242.5 | 230.6 |
IC50/IC50(MTX) | 1 | 0.76 | 0.68 | 0.78 | 0.88 | 0.84 |
(4)结果
K一562是耐甲氨蝶呤的急性白血病细胞株之一,研究表明P-1至P-5杀死K-562活性高于MTX。而P-6、7明显低于MTX(在初步测试中明显地表露出,表中没列出)。从IC50可看出,NO供体类衍生物P-1,P-2增强了抗肿瘤活性。P-1,P-2是α,γ的呋咱氮氧化合物异构体,γ位酯化活性高于α位酯化,可能由于前者同时抑制了MTX在体内的多聚γ谷氨酸化。P-3为γ位苄酯化产物,其空间结构与P-2空间结构相似,但由于呋咱氮氧化合物在胞内释放NO,其增加了P-2的抗K-562活性,虽然P-1是α位酯,但综合NO杀肿瘤效果,其IC58稍小于P-3的IC50。而P-4,P-5中连接有NOS抑制剂,且MTX本身亦为NOS抑制剂,因此其抗肿瘤活性可能由于脂溶性增加而增加,与硝基精氨酸甲酯增强抑制NOS的关系不显著,这可从P-6,p-7活性远低于MTX活性得到提示。在抗体导向-前体药物疗法(ant ibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy,ADPET)MTX的α,γ位连接氨基酸成肽,如果没有羧肽酶作用,MTX的氨基酸衍生物IC50远低于MTX,MTX的Nω-硝基精氨酸衍生物在活性测定中没有增加羧肽酶导致其活性下降。以上数据说明:(a)增加MTX衍生物脂溶性,增强MTX衍生物的抗肿瘤活性;(b)连接有NO供体的MTX进一步增强MTX衍生物的抗肿瘤活性,对K-562细胞株来说,NO对其有抑制作用。(c)γ位异构体活性高于α位活性;(d)将MTX与NOS抑制剂连接,在某些情况下不增强其抗肿瘤活性。
实施例10
合成的NO供体或NOS抑制剂与MTX组合分子归纳于下表,合成方法与上述实例相似。其中P-8、P-9的合成方法分别类似于P-1、P-2,P-8、P-9中的二硝酸甘油酯基是以酯的形式分别连接在L-谷氨酸的α-或γ-位上的,可按上述实施例1中制备中间体8与20的方法进行,将那里的呋咱环衍生物7用二硝酸甘油酯替换,制得相应的中间体,以后的合成方法与制备P-1、P-2的方法雷同。
其它化合物P-10-P-27合成法分别相应地类似于P-6和P-7或P-4和P-5,因P-10-P-27中的NO供体或NOS抑制剂与MTX组合,均是以酰胺形式分别连接在L-谷氨酸的α-或γ-位上的,可按以上实施例1中的制备中间体11或14与22方法进行,将那里的L-Nω-硝基精氨酸(10)或其甲酯13分别用NO供体:N-亚硝基哌嗪、羟胺、羟基胍、羟基脲;或NOS抑制剂:N-硝基精氨酸甲酯、N-硝基精氨酸、氨基胍、S-甲基异硫脲、咪唑、吲唑、丙脒替代,制得相应的中间体,以后的合成方法与制备P-6和P-7或P-4和P-5的方法雷同。
P-12 | HN-OH(羟胺基) | OH |
P-13 | OH | HN-OH |
P-14 | HO-N=C(NH)NHCH(CH3)2(羟基胍基) | OH |
P-15 | OH | HO-N=C(NH)NHCH(CH3)2 |
P-16 | OH-NH-CONH(羟基脲基) | OH |
P-17 | OH | OH-NH-CONH |
ONS抑制剂
Claims (7)
1、下述通式(I)化合物
其中:
R和R’相同或不同,各自独立地表示NO供体或NOS抑制剂的残基,或者OH,条件是两者不能同时为OH;NO供体残基为C3-C5直链或支链多元醇硝酸酯基、N-亚硝基五元或六元氮杂环基、N-亚硝基苯胺基、呋咱基、苯并呋咱基、羟基(C1-C6)烷基胺基,N-(C1-C6)烷基羟基胍基、N-(对-卤代苯基)羟基胍基、羟基脲基,精氨酸基;NOS抑制剂残基为Nω-取代精氨基酸基、氨基胍基、N-(C1-C4)烷基胍基、S-(C1-C6)烷基异硫脲基、咪唑基团、5-苯基咪唑基、吲唑基团、7-硝基吲唑基、C1-C4烷脒基;通式(I)中NO供体残基或NOS抑制剂残基以酯或酰胺的形式与α和/或γ位羧基键合;R”=H或CH3。
2、根据权利要求1所述通式(I)化合物,其特征在于:NO供体残基为:C3-C5直链或支链多元醇硝酸酯基、N-亚硝基五元或六元氮杂环基的环中含1或2个处于邻、间或对位的氮原子、N-亚硝基-2-或3-羟基苯胺基、N-亚硝基-4-(C1-C4烷基)苯胺,4-苯基-呋咱-3-亚甲基、4-苯基-呋咱基、羟基-(C1-C4)胺基,N-(C2-C4)烷基羟基胍基、N-异丙基羟基胍基、N-(对-F或Cl代苯基)羟基胍基。
3、根据权利要求1所述通式(I)化合物,其特征在于:NO供体残基为硝酸甘油二酯基、季戊四醇三硝酸酯基,N-对氯苯基羟基胍基,羟基脲基、甲基羟基胍基,精氨酸基;NOS抑制剂残基为Nω-甲或乙基精氨酸残基、Nω-环丙基精氨酸残基、Nω-硝基精氨酸残基,氨基胍基,S-(C1-C4)烷基异硫脲基、S-异丙基异硫脲基,咪唑基、5-苯基咪唑基、5-(4-三氟甲基)苯基咪唑基,吲唑基、7-硝基吲唑基,乙、丙、或异丙脒基。
4、根据权利要求1所述通式(I)化合物,其特征在于:NO供体残基为呋咱基、二硝酸甘油酯基、N-亚硝基哌嗪基、羟胺基、羟基胍基、羟基脲基;NOS抑制剂残基为N-硝基精氨酸甲酯基、N-硝基精氨酸基、氨基胍基、S-甲基异硫脲基、咪唑基、吲唑基、丙脒基。
5、根据权利要求1-4之一的化合物与碱或酸形成药学上适用的盐。
6、权利要求1所述通式(I)化合物在制备调节体内NO水平异常所介导疾病的药物中的应用。
7、根据权利要求6所述通式(I)化合物在制备抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗关节炎、抗组织移植排斥反应药物中的应用。
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