CN1233104C - Passive transponder identification system and credit-card type transponder - Google Patents
Passive transponder identification system and credit-card type transponder Download PDFInfo
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- CN1233104C CN1233104C CNB018018696A CN01801869A CN1233104C CN 1233104 C CN1233104 C CN 1233104C CN B018018696 A CNB018018696 A CN B018018696A CN 01801869 A CN01801869 A CN 01801869A CN 1233104 C CN1233104 C CN 1233104C
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
- G06K19/0724—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs the arrangement being a circuit for communicating at a plurality of frequencies, e.g. for managing time multiplexed communication over at least two antennas of different types
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
- G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
- G06K7/10316—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
- Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
A passive transponder identification system and credit card type transponder are disclosed, particularly, the transponder identification system to utilize a transmitting manner of two different RF signals is provided. The present invention directly relates to a passive transponder without any kind of power source. Therefore, the present invention has advantages of having a constant gain value by developing a high-gain dual polarizing antenna for a small credit card type passive tranponder to identify at long distance, independently to any direction of the transponder; improving gain values than conventional transponder tag antenna by 6-9dB to ensure a sub-permanent life time by providing the desired identification performance by means of a small credit card type passive transponder without power supply; and being applicable to any systems to identify and distinguish high-speed moving objects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of passive transponder recognition system, wherein this system operates by the storage of information and the transmission of internal digital, specifically, relate to radio-frequency (RF) passive type transponder, this transponder is used among visa card of the approaching card of ID (proximity card), bus or subway or the like and IC-card one is used from closely affirmation or identification.
Background technology
This system needs the transponder of Long-distance Control, and this transponder is equipped with can be by the entrained miniature transmission circuit of any mobile thing.Specifically, the invention provides a kind of passive transponder, this transponder is an identification of targets technology relatively far away at distance and that run at high speed.
Traditional transponder recognition system is launched single radio frequency to detect by antenna such as transponder label, and the non-linear impedance that is used for the semiconductor diode of this system can optionally produce the high-frequency emission signal, and this signal is received device by radiation once more and surveys.Defective below this recognition system exists, promptly when guaranteeing in the surveyed area that needed sensitivity of the detection of transponder and various different condition respond if read error takes place, then make it can not be used in practice.
Significant a bit be, transmission circuit and inner member thereof all are non-linear, except producing basic tranmitting frequency, can also produce high-frequency signal, the result makes signal input to receiver, even if it is the transponder that does not contain the nonlinear impedance element.If the sensitivity that reduces receiver reduces the harmonic effect of direct radiation, by passive transponder element once more the low-yield harmonic wave of radiation will be absorbed by the former, thereby can't arrive receiver.Certainly,, and/or adopt the rf filtering circuit, this problem is minimized by ideal shielding to reflector and receiver.Yet there is a problem in filter, even the very little frequency displacement that promptly can cause transmitting is easy to all make once more that the frequency of radiation appears at outside the filter passband, thereby needs very accurate screening ability.Furtherly, frequency displacement may be from Doppler (Doppler) effect that produces during the transponder high-speed mobile in the search coverage.Simultaneously, these harmonic signals that are easy to outwards emission cause the unwanted data message of transponder radiation that search coverage is outer.
Thereby, in order to finish the initial purpose of system, the original purpose of system as described in the high-frequency energy of being launched by the accident reflection can not be realized effectively as the multi-drop ripple.
Opposite, if receive or the energy shortage of the harmonic wave of radiation once more, even promptly system might not respond the transponder that actually exists in the surveyed area yet.For example, when does not cause when hindering with the electromagnetism of receiver by appropriate orientation or by near the vehicles, the divider wall on the road, the interception barrier of charge station etc. at the relative launching site of transponder antenna, just may this thing happens.Similarly, in case close human body of transponder or metal object, it is tuning with the deviation resonance accumulator, thereby causes the dissipation of the needed high-frequency energy of receiver.Although transponder can use the signal tracing circuit to control frequency response from receiver with the compensating frequency conversion, in case tuning accumulator is when working in any improper frequency, the operating efficiency of transponder will reduce.
Selectively, two field systems can be used as a kind of solution that addresses this problem with the high-frequency emission in the restriction search coverage, wherein be provided with the nonlinear impedance element, this nonlinear impedance element has mutually at two as signal mixer and produces between the transmitting of different frequency and frequently or difference frequency.Described pair of field system uses the low frequency electrostatic field, between this electrostatic field is formed at and the electromagnetic field of high frequency is oppositely arranged the discontinuous conductors and surveyed area.The described nonlinear impedance element that two fields are provided with produce as blender usually and frequently or difference frequency to be radiated receiver once more.
Yet, although it is very important to forming in the search coverage scope desired electrostatic field at the energy of search coverage internal consumption, unfortunately, such field may because of around it the existence of conductor and the traffic mark made with the transponder blocking-up or owing to metal material or on every side other metal objects cause opposite with transponder.
In addition, low-frequency field when remote since near metal object read error may take place maybe can not move.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the present invention is a kind of passive transponder recognition system, especially uses the transponder of the radiofrequency signal of two different frequencies of a kind of method emission.This method is from having avoided in essence owing to the restriction of correlation technique and the one or more difficult problems that defective causes.
One of target of the present invention is exactly: the arbitrary signal in described two radiofrequency signals is received by voice modulation and by the passive transponder, make by nonlinear impedance mix the signal that produces with two radiofrequency signals and frequently identical high frequency on carry out radiation once more and discern by the narrow bandwidth receiver.
The present invention directly relates to a kind of power free passive transponder.
Another target of the present invention provides a kind of passive transponder that comprises such as the nonlinear impedance element of semiconducter IC (integrated circuit) etc., for example, the label that is used for the various recognition systems of mobile objects such as the vehicles, this transponder is connected with a microstrip antenna that moves at selected centre frequency two ends.
Described nonlinear impedance element connects in an end of the antenna both sides with the closed loop zone, has the double frequency of selected frequency with the tuning accumulator as its resonance frequency thereby form.
In addition, first reflector produces the voice modulation high frequency that is offset from or is partial to centre frequency one side, and second reflector produces the high frequency continuous wave (CW) of being partial to the centre frequency opposite side.These two signals forward to suddenly independently to covering the orthogonal dipole antenna band that the appointed area is provided with.The dipole antenna band with same frequency of described each frequency side is arranged by certain angle, with opposite opposite side quadrature mutually.Therefore, this makes in required surveyed area being transmitted on two frequencies and can both carrying out smoothly of opposite deflection.
Two different frequencies that the passive transponder receives combination by the nonlinear impedance element.Accumulator corresponding to described two frequencies with frequently, be that the high frequency treatment of centre frequency two frequencys multiplication forms resonance.The resonance frequency quilt that produces radiation is once more confirmed for interrogator.This is by receiver detection of very narrow bandwidth, and the data message response that wherein produces in the passive transponder and load is somebody's turn to do and frequency.
Comprise data-signal through the audio frequency of ovennodulation from transponder, the electric charge that generation increases gradually with received signal, so that compare, thereby only has the data code that enough intensity and time consecutive hours just receive with certain interval output at detected signal with default reference level.
The present invention relates to a kind of interrogator and transponder recognition system, relate in particular to a kind of improved passive recognition system, this system adopts the nonlinear impedance semiconductor element that is connected with various printing insulation microstrip antennas, and described antenna depends on the object that need monitor and discern such as the patient in windshield, license plate, parcel, the hospital, animal, credit card etc.This system is with the digital form store information.
In another aspect of this invention, be used for detecting the automobile that is present in the surveyed area scope or the system of other objects and comprise a reflector 100, it is used for, and radiation is from two radiofrequency signals with different frequency of transmitting antenna 110 in described zone, and each signal all is modulated to a certain low frequency; And the antenna 210 that optionally is modulated to two different center frequency, wherein in described antenna 210, insert nonlinear impedance semiconductor circuit part 220 with two radio frequency combinations, and this system also comprises a narrow bandwidth receiver 300 that comprises reception antenna 310, this antenna 310 is adjusted the data audio frequency and it is radiated once more in conjunction with frequency, get rid of radiofrequency signal and harmonic wave, detect the modulation signal of two kinds of frequencies, receive the signal that the key system of reconciliation is crossed.
One of radiofrequency signal of this emission is the high frequency f1 through voice modulation, and another one is the continuous wave f2 (CW of unmodulated mistake) from fixed RF.Low frequency modulations produces the continuous radiofrequency signal through voice modulation, and it is limited in the definite frequency range.
Described two different harmonic signals are transmitted into surveyed area by insulation dipole emission antenna 110.
As shown in Figure 5, one of them f2 signal is that (for example, high stability 905MHz) is replaced oscillator 111 to CW vibration generation by being operated in fixed frequency.This signal bias centre frequency about 1%.Another signal f1 is that frequency range is the audio modulation signal of 1-25KHz, and it forms the high-frequency signal with carrier frequency shift ± 5KHz.The high frequency of 925KHz is produced by VCO shown in Figure 4 (voltage controlled oscillator) 112.Two frequencies and selected centre frequency have same offset, and therefore, the average centre frequency of these two signals is identical with selected centre frequency.
Described audio modulation signal f1 controls the appearance of permanent ripple (stationary wave), and this permanent ripple can cause the blind spot in the passive transponder surveyed area.
As shown in Figure 6, described narrow bandwidth receiver 300 comprises carrier signal reception antenna 310, blocks the filter 311 and the demodulator of all signals the narrow bandwidth signal that produces except that the resonance frequency of described transponder 200.In this demodulator, carry out the deration of signal and detect comparing jointly, and only when surpassing described preset reference level, detect described low frequency modulations, and make response according to the comparison court verdict of comparator 312 with the signal bandwidth that receives through filtering.In this respect, " detection " expression detects low frequency modulations.This measuring ability is applied in the digital data signal of crossover by described narrow bandwidth receiver 300, in mode as a kind of initialization predetermined number stream, thereby it is default down in limited time as long as the intensity of the signal that is produced and detected by narrow bandwidth receiver 300 by transponder 200 or duration surpass, and whether this method all can indicate passive transponder 200 and be present in the surveyed area.
In addition, described receiver 300 comprise band pass filter 311 with hinder to remove by reception antenna receive be among the narrow bandwidth and by the signal the signal of transponder resonant circuit generation, and a series of devices, comprise: local oscillator 314 is used to produce the intermediate frequency of modulating the signal in described band pass filter 311 free transmission ranges; Multiplexer 315,316; Filter 317,318; Blender 319; An amplifier 320 that is used to amplify described intermediate-freuqncy signal; Selectable amplifier 321,322 is used for the bandwidth of comparison and definite intermediate frequency; Comparator 312, it only just produces low frequency signal when the width of relatively output exceeds pre-set threshold value; Discriminator 323, it responds and proofreaies and correct narrow bandwidth according to judgement output relatively, thus the described intermediate frequency of demodulation.Above-mentioned low frequency signal is a kind of radiofrequency signal that is in the narrower frequency departure limits, and it forms the constant audio modulation.Described narrow bandwidth receiver 300 can receive a kind of phase locked communication mode with tuning described constant audio frequency by VOC 327, and activates the amplifier 340 that links to each other with output so that digital data stream moved with the constant cycle.
More go deep into the aspect as the present invention, be used to detect the system that is in the passive transponder 200 in the surveyed area scope and comprise the transmitter 100 that is present in the search coverage scope, this transmitter produce and radiation narrow bandwidth radio frequency with as carrier frequency by constant low frequency voice modulation.Response can be by described reflector 100 radiation from the transponder 200 of the frequency signal of reflector 100, thereby by utilizing different harmonic waves to produce and radiation carrier signal once more.Wherein the signal of radiation can form fixedly low frequency audio frequency once more.Receiver system 300 is made up of the demodulating equipment of narrow bandwidth filter 311 and response output comparative level.311 blocking-up of its median filter by described harmonic wave once more the carrier signal of radiation with the corresponding filtering output of the signal that produces the radiation once more that receives with antenna 310.Antenna 310 receives the carrier signal of described radiation once more, and the signal frequency that is received is not limited to narrow band frequency.And the demodulating equipment of response output comparative level, only when because when exceeding pre-set threshold value and making comparator 312 actions, this device just allow the low frequency signal generation also the described filtering of demodulation export.
For above-mentioned situation, in order to activate output in the shortest time after the observation beginning, above-mentioned receiver system has the multiple demodulating equipment that can make response to the observation of described low-frequency modulation signal.The narrow radio frequency signal comprises the stable carrier wave by the fixed-audio modulation.Narrow band filter 311 comprises 314, one of local oscillators and produces the blender 319 of intermediate-freuqncy signal and the correction wave filter 324 of an energy emission medium-frequency signal; Be used for the two or more devices of demodulation from the signal of correction wave filter, described device is realized the comparison decision function and is amplified intermediate-freuqncy signal by survey its width in free transmission range.Described demodulating equipment comprises one with relatively decision function is to the corresponding circuit of clamping down on, and the output that it is used for fixing the narrow radio frequency identification device and revises discriminator 323 results from output thereby make stationary tone reconcile tonal signal.When decision value exceeded threshold values, the relatively judgement that comparator 312 is realized passed.
In addition, the demodulating equipment in the described receiving system 300 can excite the digital data stream output of constant time cycle.The memory circuitry 220A (semiconductor) that depends in the transponder 200 has determined the number data code stream of scope between 64 bit to 16 kilobits.Fig. 6 has shown data detector 328, bit error detector device 342 and low pass filter 342.
In the above in the system configuration of Miao Shuing, as shown in Figure 3, the antenna field of an extension has covered the nonlinear impedance circuit part 220 and the charge pump circuit 230 of generation second harmonic (the present invention is 1830KHz), and this extension antenna field is approximately λ/4 with respect to selected centre frequency (being 915KHz in the case).Circuit part 220 is by the inductance decision in the capacitor of semiconductor 220A and closed loop zone, and this closed loop zone and antenna 210, circuit part 220 are adjacent.
Fig. 3 has illustrated 500 ohmages of line of departure Z with figure, and through the direct current I1 of high-frequency rectification, I2.Short circuit diode D is f1, and the rectified current that f2 supplies with offers the power unit of semiconductor 220A, just to realize mixing (+) frequency, just double (+) data, to add and send the functions such as processing of rectified current to receiver.Semiconductor 220A utilizes described short circuit to survey the charge pump f1 (modulation) of diode D formation and the energy of f2 comes loading data.
The more important thing is, utilize the function mode of two kinds of frequencies can reduce the frequency shift effect of tranmitting frequency, and increasing system bandwidth aspect the efficient during the backscattered subsidiary high-frequency signal of radiation once more at transponder.Especially, can come across any position between two tranmitting frequencies by transponder 210 tuning frequencies and can too much not reduce the efficient of described transponder.Thereby, when the problem relevant with nonresonant is reduced to minimum degree, need not make high-precision antenna.In this, because the dielectric load effect that any object of adjacent transmitters causes, the public adjustment point polarization of transponder 200 is in the low side to two kinds of frequencies.For example, if it is tuned in selected center's frequency of the described antenna of transponder 200 again downwards, then for any than for its low tranmitting frequency, it will increase the efficient of transponder.Owing to the married operation of wishing to obtain by 10 times or more be higher than high-frequency energy and carry out, thereby whole blender is subjected to this condition effect and not serious.By above-described mode, the drift effect of transmitter is minimized.In other words, with the harmonic wave of radiation is different once more in the single-frequency system, the frequency displacement of this place's reflector does not increase, and can be offset by the opposite drift of another transmitter in a kind of drift of frequency.
The signal of the radiation once more of transponder 200 has enough intensity and frequency stability, thereby can avoid dual identification error with the software collaboration that avoids conflict in the corresponding receiver, and the sensitivity and the minimum bandwidth of maximum are provided for receiver.This once more the signal of radiation with the interception tranmitting frequency it is entered through very narrow band pass filter to receive circular polarized antenna 310; The signal that receives amplifies to produce the modulating data audio frequency through conventional demodulation techniques again.On the whole, can use audio frequency (as 2KHz) modulated RF carrier wave, the signal (as 1808.5KHz) of local oscillator 314 of self-stabilization is applied to the passive blender of receiving inputted signal with future, thereby feasible antenna 310 filtering and amplifying signal by receiver produces preferred intermediate frequency (as 21.5KHz) in blender 319 outputs place.The intermediate frequency of blender 319 output is exaggerated device 320 and amplifies, and subsequently, allows it pass through to determine the narrow band pass filter (as 30KHz) of pre-detection bandwidth and revises discriminator 323 to differentiate; Clamped down on circuit 325 then and clamp down on, be enough to produce voltage (current potential) above the AGC detector 326 of reference level up to its intensity, this reference level is that decision systems sensitivity is provided with.And then, clamp down on circuit 325 by opening, VCO 327 is applied to PLL (Pulse Lock Loop, impulse phase-locked loop)/data audio frequency detection circuit (forming) by VCO 327 and the detection circuit 313 of freely going slowly (Free amble detection circuit), this circuit has the free-running operation frequency identical with the data audio frequency, and can obtain to stablize the data audio frequency in such as ± 10% narrow frequency range.In case this ring obtains the data audio frequency, the transponder data message that rectangular detector will be obtained digital information and turn to phase locked state to receive with output from CPU, this information has the continuous ability that is enough to be stored.
Other advantage, purpose and characteristic ground of the present invention is by following description explanation, and partly understood by the check following part by this field those of ordinary skill or understand by implementing the present invention.
By to structure shown in written description of the present invention and claim and the accompanying drawing, target of the present invention and advantage can realize and reach.
Description of drawings
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of interrogator of the present invention and transponder total structure.
Fig. 2 shows in described interrogator two kinds of different radio frequency frequencies of radiation and the schematic diagram of the mechanism of radiation additional frequency once more in described transponder.
Fig. 3 a shows the schematic diagram of transponder running among the present invention.
Fig. 3 b shows the structure chart of nonlinear impedance semiconductor circuit part among the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows to have modulating audio frequency shown in Figure 1 and has the wherein flow chart of the sender signal stream of part corresponding function.
Fig. 5 shows to have continuous wave shown in Figure 1 and has the wherein flow chart of the signal flow of the optional transmitter of part corresponding function.
Fig. 6 shows to have modulating audio frequency data shown in Figure 1 and has the wherein flow chart of the signal flow of the receiver of part corresponding function.
Fig. 7 a shows the front view or the normal view of conventional credit card outward appearance.
Fig. 7 b shows the end view of credit card shown in Fig. 7 a.
Fig. 8 a shows the plane structure chart that places the high-gain aerial design in the credit card among the present invention.
Fig. 8 b shows the cutaway view of the remote identification credit card manufacture process among the present invention.
Fig. 9 shows the structural representation of high-gain aerial among the present invention.
Figure 10 shows the structural representation of optional principle antenna.
Figure 11 shows the cutaway view of antenna structure part in the invention.
Figure 12 shows the comparison diagram corresponding to the antenna all directions.
Figure 13 shows the schematic diagram according to the system of automatic charge station of the built-in credit card of remote RF ID of the present invention.
Figure 14 a, 14b, 14c show the schematic diagram that has been equipped with according to the present invention as the vehicles of RFID credit card among Figure 13.
Figure 15 a shows the plan view according to radiofrequency signal flow path direction of the present invention and the identified region in described charge station structure.
Figure 15 b shows as the front view among Figure 15 a.
The numbering explanation of critical piece
10: credit card
11: magnetic stripe
31: clip
32: clamping stent
33: the card bag
40: interrogator
41: the identification process computer
42: administer and control computer
43: the maincenter computer
45: license number camera system (video system)
46: financial information computer network (VAN)
100: transmitter
110: transmitting antenna
200: transponder
210: the dipole antenna (metal antenna) of insulation parcel
211: the dipole resonance antenna
212: slot aerial
213: the data slot aerial
220: the nonlinear impedance semiconductor circuit
230: charge pump circuit
300: narrow bandwidth
310: reception antenna
311: filter
313: the detection circuit of freely going slowly
314: local oscillator
319: blender
325: clamp down on circuit
328: data detector
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the invention is described.
Embodiment 1
In as the specific embodiment of the invention, credit-card type transponder has been equipped with the radio-frequency remote identification system (RFID) that adopts radio frequency to discern at a distance.
Specifically, this system has maximally utilised the open area of microstrip antenna, and by suitably settling the corresponding resonance point of second harmonic of two slot aerials and two dipole antennas, coupling and reception ripples, has realized maximum radiation efficiency.This system can be in the scope of card dimensions to greatest extent receiver radiation from the beam energy of interrogator, thereby it has eliminated the end efficiency of legacy system, the legacy system utilization has the backscattering of identical emission/receive frequency as carrier wave.The characteristics of this system's maximum are, it comprises by above-mentioned two dual polarized antennas that the slot resonance antenna forms of mutually orthogonal arrangement, thereby sustainable management depends on the received energy of antenna direction decision, and guarantee the remote identification performance.
This system is divided into passive transponder system and half passive and/or active type transponder system usually.The passive system receives the signal from interrogator, becomes the DC power supply to arrive backscattering with operation logic semiconductor and holder semiconductor, modulate emission internal information the high frequency conversion in the signal; Half passive and/or active type system is used as the semi-conductive work capacity of holder with the power supply selected at the label place of transponder part.
On the whole, this transponder system is widely used in such as the visa card of bus or subway, ID and closely uses near the automotive control system of card, parking lot, internal battery, tending of animals system, inventory management system etc. are various, and application demand constantly increases.Can use polytype antenna.For example: at the small tenon label type antenna that certain adjacency is used, be used for the coil form coil antenna of low frequency, in high frequency was handled, antenna was miniature band shape or dipole antenna type, had-gain ranging of 3-+3dBi, and used linear antenna at the polarization end.
High frequency passive type transmitting/receiving system is discerned individual identity by the backscattering mode, this system has a constraint, that is: its decipherment distance upper limit is no more than about 5 meters, although it has the advantage that can be used in the various application, thereby limitation such as this passive system exists not enough and existence such as identification range reduces, discrimination reduction.
For with this system applies in high-speed moving object, can utilize and have internal battery and maybe can select the active type of power supply or half active type transmitting/receiving system with identification high-speed moving object or remote object, for example be responsible for the OBU (board units, On Board Unit) of radio-frequency communication part.
Above-mentioned active type or OBU type are restricted in the application relevant with the miniaturization (size reduces) of transmitting/receiving system; And, when active element is aging, can't guarantee persistence; Although particularly by utilizing clock battery system size to reduce, because battery life directly is subjected to the influence of decipherment distance and access times, the problem that influences battery persistence and stability and shortening battery life still exists.
In addition, there is the system of internal battery can not implant any credit card.Further say, use perpendicular polarization because be equipped with antenna in the transmitting/receiving system of battery and be lienar for, its change in gain depends on the relative direction between transponder and interrogator and significantly increases, thereby causes that decipherment distance reduces this difficult problem.
The present invention attempts to solve these deficiencies above-mentioned.
One object of the present invention just provides a system, this system has maximally utilised the open area of microstrip antenna, and, realized maximum radiation efficiency by suitably settling two slot aerials and two dipole antennas, coupling and the corresponding resonance points of reception ripple second harmonic.This system can be in the scope of card sizes size farthest receiver radiation from the beam energy of interrogator, thereby it has eliminated the low efficiency problem of legacy system, the legacy system utilization has the backscattering of identical emission/receive frequency as carrier wave.The characteristics of this system's maximum are, it comprises by above-mentioned two the slot resonance antennas of mutually orthogonal arrangement and forms dual polarized antenna, thereby sustainable management depends on the received energy of antenna direction, and guarantee the remote identification performance.
Therefore, characteristics of the present invention are that described antenna designs in the following way and makes: adopt the two-sided of PVC material covering copper aluminium alloy sheet, and on the plate that PVC covers little band and slot resonance circuit are set, thereby produce the credit-card type product.
In fact, about the design and the manufacture view of the antenna of transponder card, it comprises the metal antenna by tapered slot antennas, dipole antenna, integrated circuit be combined into.Such purpose have following some: comprising with two tapered slot antennas each other quadrature place to form and operation, the corresponding dual polarization of automatic orientation of placing credit card; Widen open area and make it be enough to size match with credit card, thereby at utmost increase the high-frequency energy that is received; Locate two dipole antennas to increase transmitting gain; The two-sided thickness of copper sheet is made 0.1 millimeter or be complementary with the dielectric constant with the PVC material that covers copper coin forr a short time, thus the information of the impression sign when dispatching from the factory of can receiving credit card.
As mentioned above like that, the present invention relates to a kind of passive transponder that is used for recognition object.Its working mechanism is: send signal from interrogator, the high-frequency signal that receives is transformed into the DC power supply exciting logic semiconductor and holder semiconductor, thereby modulates internal information and information is sent to backscattering.
The conventional credit card that Fig. 7 a shows is of a size of 85.6 ± 0.12mm (A) * 53.98 ± 0.55mm (B), and to comprise a minimum dimension be 5.54mm (C), and full-size is the magnetic stripe of 15.82mm (D).Passive transponder of the present invention is inserted into that thickness is in the credit card 10 of 0.76 ± 0.08mm (E) shown in Fig. 8 a.In this, the dipole antenna 210 (metal material is made) of the insulation of this transponder parcel should be at its imaginary contact surface directly towards magnetic stripe 11, and be positioned over credit card 10 than lower part to allow to produce the electromagnetic beam of q.s in the open end of slot.
In addition, the nonlinear impedance semiconductor circuit of transponder part (integrated circuit: the IC) end view of credit card 10 shown in Fig. 8 b.It follow shown in Fig. 8 a lamellar antenna 210 together, be positioned in the card that the PVC material makes, between minimum value 0.14mm and maximum 0.19mm, like this, it has prevented that the letter of credit card 10 from impressing effect from the card-edge distance.
Selectively, Fig. 9 and Figure 10 have shown the antenna structure of inserting in the credit card 10.The power supply of passive transponder 200 is supplied by interrogator (not shown) radio frequency bandwidth, and is used to vitalizing semiconductor circuit part 220.Transponder 200 consumes this energy with the transmitting response signal by antenna 210 and other non-linear element impedance modulation.This transponder 200 is made up of antenna 210, at least one semiconductor circuit part 220.The structure of antenna 210, feature are by physics and/or chemical attribute, or the effect demand frequency decision of the material of encapsulation transponder.
In other words, as Fig. 9, shown in Figure 10, the high-frequency radio frequency ID transponder of 400MHz-25GHz is built in the credit card 10, make it to become general credit card, and can easily be applied to various systems, the suchlike optionally systems of communication apparatus that do not connect such as charge station or road expense levying system, filling station settlement system, parking lot fee collection management system.
The antenna 211 of the slot aerial 212 of available lamellar slot structure, dipole structure and the circuit part 220 that is positioned at slot center part among the 400MHz-25GHz high-frequency RF ID, all be equipped in broad one end that is positioned at card 10 and/or the approaching card of various ID in the PVC material, relative with magnetic stripe 11, as Fig. 8 a, shown in the 8b.
Figure 11 shows the antenna of inserting in the credit card 10.This antenna is to be made by sheet copper or other similar conductive of material, and it is used for being configured in the slot aerial 212 that the center is equivalent to 1/4 wavelength, can also form horn-like tapered slot antennas 213.
In addition, as shown in Figure 9, in order to increase transmitting gain, to reduce or from eliminating the antenna direction problem in essence, two slot aerials 212 are settled to form dual polarization and to make up two dipole resonance antennas 211 by the right angle.
Above-mentioned structure, for example, the dipole that 915KHz or 2.45GHz transponder preferably comprise a linear dipole or be wrapped is to absorb lot of energy, power supply and response semiconductor circuit 220 are provided.
The banded dipole antenna of universal miniature has low-down radiation impedance, thereby causes poor efficiency, and this makes it be not suitable for credit card, although thicker plate this point can be overcome by utilizing relatively.
Thereby, one embodiment of the present of invention be one with remote RF ID transponder metal antenna 210 suitable mutually be built in tapered slot antennas in the credit card.
Above-mentioned metal antenna 210 is flat fully and end scanning direction figure is arranged.It provides accurate orientation, high bandwidth.It prepares by thin plate in the reality, and good antenna pattern and radiation gain are arranged, and reduces functional loss by the TMO surface wave.
Described tapered slot antennas 213 is funnel-shaped aerials that slit-widths enlarges gradually, and its radiation is parallel to the electromagnetic wave of antenna end.
Because the structural similarity of above-mentioned antenna 213 is in slot line, its contact area is positioned on the micro strip lines.
Therefore, because antenna can be integrated with any connecting line, any adaptive circuit easily, it preferably is used as the wide bandwidth antenna element of remote identification high-frequency emission/receiving system.
According to the gain calculating formula that is applicable to micro strip antennas, the received power of antenna is proportional to region area.
Directed as shown in figure 12 comparison diagram by settling two slot aerials 212 quadrature each other, can overcome directed problem.Include two dipole antennas 211 finishing resonant circuit at two end, thereby obtain maximum gain.
In the another specific embodiment of the present invention, the electronic toll that is used for driving vehicle is imposed system, such as way leave charge Fare Collection System (hereinafter state and be " Fare Collection System ") etc., make the built-in credit card of the remote RF ID described in the use-case 1 (hereinafter state and be " RFID credit card ").
Figure 13 has shown the schematic diagram of the Fare Collection System system of applying RFID credit card 10.This system comprises: be used for Direct Recognition only need be placed on the RFID credit card in the running automobile without any need for the lorry loading device interrogator 40; Survey automobile and with the detector 44 of its classification; Take the illegal video system 45 of passing through the number-plate number of automobile; And identification is by the identification control computer of the RFID credit card of the automobile of charge station.System also comprises a known toll administration computer 42 receiving the data that identification computer 41 sends, a maincenter computer 43 and a financial information computer network (VAN) 46.
In order to represent the paying purpose, the user can insert RFID credit card 10 or place on the clamping stent 32 and with it and be put in the panel board (shown in Figure 14 b) of automobile, installs in clip of being made by the PVC material 31 (shown in Figure 14 a) or the card bag 33 that the credit card insertion is made by transparent resin material in the room mirror back.
In addition, described RFID interrogator 40 core at an upper portion thereof is placed on the horizontal plane of ground 4.5m, and the video camera 45a of video system 45 is positioned at same horizontal plane but depends on back 20m than it.In the intersection, minimum for the phase mutual interference is reduced to, both are opposite mutually the arrangement on sense.
This structure of the present invention can transmit along with the inquiry of interrogator 40; When the vehicle of placing rfid card 10 entered beacon region, RFID credit card 10 pairs of cards internal digital of working by signal energy and the automobile informations that entered were decoded and are responded described signal; Read the card internal digital and the information of being launched by RFID credit card 10 by interrogator 40, the information that will read is then delivered to computer 41.Computer 41 receive by detector 44 that send with the car category relevant information so that car category is done to survey and classification, calculate the expense of corresponding automobile, transmit the credit card information of being discerned via known supervisory computer 42 and maincenter computer 43, to the payment that requests for permission of the capital corporate corresponding to this card.
If receive engineering noise indication, then immediately the result be shown to the user by warning lamp or other output equipments from described capital corporate.If it is from the unidentified RFID credit card 10 that arrives of the result of detection of detector 44, automobile will be classified as illegal traffick, selectively, additional to this card demonstration engineering noise.
Supervisory computer 42 is collected illegally corresponding to the fine information of each car by identification computer 41 and is managed; Inquire about the use approval of this card to the CPU that links to each other with supervisory computer 42; Search comprises the database of engineering noise card and search result is sent to VAN46.43 management of maincenter computer are also controlled fine information and are given described capital corporate information list, and are connected to capital corporate by VAN46.
In order to discern RFID credit card 10 effectively, to be installed to the room mirror outside (shown in Figure 14 a) by the credit limit 31 that the PVC material is made, or make a clamping stent 32 and it is placed into (shown in Figure 14 b) on the automobile instrument panel, thereby make and to be easy to discern in the automobile front.Also have a kind of way to be, the credit card pocket of being made by transparent resin material 33 (shown in Figure 14 c) depends on desired location on the automobile front glass, to hold the RFID credit card and to show the paying purpose.
Be used for discerning and place the interrogator 40 and the video camera 45a of the RFID credit card 10 in the running automobile to settle by Figure 15 a.It is cross one another being positioned at the rightabout identified region in two road.Shown in Figure 15 b, in order to allow to comprise that the automobile of oversize vehicle is current in to form efficient system, interrogator 40 is positioned at the plane in the middle of the road.
As another specific embodiment of the present invention, be appreciated that, the present invention can be applicable to the automatic fare collection system that comprises remote RF ID interrogator 40 of parking lot and/or gas station, with the RFID credit card 10 on the Direct Recognition automobile,, and should not be construed as in claim spirit and/or scope the present invention is limited.
The present invention develops as a kind of solution that overcomes the limited problem relevant with the mistake that is caused by frequency displacement of identification range in the prior art.Described frequency displacement is that the Doppler effect that produces in the transponder by high-speed mobile in the search coverage scope causes.The present invention also can be used for such as outpost of the tax office Fare Collection System, mobile object recognition system at a distance or closely.
The present invention has following advantage: by development and application in the high-gain dual polarized antenna of small, credit card class passive transponder to discern at a distance, can obtain the stable gain value, and irrelevant with any direction of transponder; Do not have the small, credit card class passive transponder of power supply that required recognition performance is provided by utilization, the high 6-9db of improved ratio of gains traditional transmitter transponder is to guarantee time permanent life; Can be applied to any system to discern and to distinguish the high-speed mobile object.
Be appreciated that, raising by passive transponder technology and according to the appearance of various application systems of the present invention, the present invention can be applied to various occasions: charge station's Fare Collection System, parking management system, permission access management system, member's identification and filling station management system or the like automatically.
Particularly by using the credit card of configuration RFID function, the invention provides the function of imposing charge station's (or pass cost road) expense, this makes traffic flow more smooth rapider and improved about 4 times than the manual charge known to previous or mechanical Fare Collection System.System of the present invention also have and use before the identical communication speed of automobile loading equipemtn mode that uses in developed country, but more economically because it not need approximately be the loading equipemtn of costliness of 40 times of credit card prices.Certainly, it does not need to buy the automobile loading equipemtn.
RFID credit card of the present invention can be by the substitute of described capital corporate as existing credit card, and this will make E-payment system promote fast.Therefore, the present invention can save huge operating cost, because it needs average 3.5 labours owing to use manual Fare Collection System under abominable operational environment such as smog, safety problem before having removed on every road.In addition, if system of the present invention can promote rapidly,, can reduce extra opportunity loss, storage and transportation cost by reducing automobile in the time of staying of charge station.
In the middle of other were used, the present invention can be effectively applied to identification and charging system automatically, management and Fare Collection System, and other and parking lot similar application.
Aforesaid embodiment is exemplary, can not be construed as limiting the invention.The equipment that can easily be applied to other types of the present invention.Description of the invention is just in order to make an explanation, rather than the claim scope is limited.Those skilled in the art can be easy to the present invention replace, modifications and variations.
Claims (14)
1. one kind is used to survey and monitors the automobile in the fixing search coverage and the passive transponder recognition system of other objects, this system comprises: reflector (100), be used in above-mentioned zone two different radiofrequency signals of radiation and give reception antenna (110), wherein each signal is modulated into fixing low frequency; With two kinds of antennas (210) that different centre frequencies is modulated of use; Wherein, the impedance semiconductor circuit part (220) that is inserted in the described modulation antenna makes described two radio frequency combinations; This recognition system also comprises transponder (200) and narrow bandwidth receiver (300), wherein said transponder (200) has accumulator comprising and described two resonance frequencys that the different frequency sum equates, thus with this in conjunction with frequency radiation data audio carrier signal once more; Described narrow bandwidth receiver (300) has reception antenna (310), this reception antenna (310) by getting rid of emission radiofrequency signal and harmonic wave receiving and the described carrier signal of demodulation, thereby the detection low-frequency modulation signal.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein this system surveys and carries out overlapping digital data signal by narrow bandwidth receiver (300), wherein narrow bandwidth receiver (300) is a kind of like this device, in transponder (200), occur, and can have been exceeded its minimum value in intensity with on the duration by the signal that narrow bandwidth receiver (300) are detected, it just starts the existence that the digital stream that sets in advance is pointed out transponder (200) in the search coverage.
3. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the low frequency modulations as one of radiofrequency signal of emission is the voice modulation high frequency waves f1 that is produced by the narrow bandwidth frequency modulation(FM), another radiofrequency signal is used to launch the continuous wave in the fixed RF scope.
4. system as claimed in claim 3, wherein, low frequency modulations comprises continuous voice modulation radiofrequency signal, and with these signal limitations in the frequency range of determining.
5. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, transponder (200) comprises charge pump circuit (230), the dipole antenna (210) of insulation parcel, with nonlinear impedance semiconductor circuit (220), wherein said charge pump circuit (230) is connected to a longitudinal component in the space so that the accumulator tuning with the second harmonic resonance frequency to be provided, and described space is surrounded by closed loop zone toward each other.
6. system as claimed in claim 5, wherein, can be in order to form with two frequencys multiplication of selected frequency tuning accumulator as its resonance frequency, this nonlinear impedance circuit connects together in an end of the antenna both sides with the closed loop zone.
7. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, narrow bandwidth receiver (300) comprises: carrier signal reception antenna (310); Filter (311) is used to block all signals except the narrow bandwidth signal that produces at described transponder resonance frequency place; And demodulator, adjudicate output by more filtered carrier signal width and operating ratio and come the detection signal width, only detect described low frequency modulations when presetting reference level, and make response according to the comparison court verdict of comparator (312) when court verdict relatively exceeds.
8. system as claimed in claim 7, wherein, after described low frequency modulations detected and starts, modulation detection will respond low frequency modulations in the shortest time so that the output of excitation data stream.
9. system as claimed in claim 7, wherein this system comprises: band pass filter (311) is used for stoping except resulting from the transponder resonant circuit and can being received other signals the signal of the narrow bandwidth that antenna (310) receives; A series of devices are used for producing intermediate frequency so that the signal in the described band pass filter of demodulation (311) free transmission range; Selectable amplifier (321,322) is used for comparison and definite intermediate frequency width; With a narrow bandwidth correction discriminator (323), be used for making response so that the described intermediate frequency of demodulation, thereby allow comparator (312) only when the width of relatively output exceeds the threshold values that pre-sets, to produce low frequency signal according to judgement output relatively.
10. system as claimed in claim 9 wherein, departs from the limits low frequency modulations of one of radiofrequency signal as narrow radio frequency and comprises a constant audio modulation; Above-mentioned narrow bandwidth receiver (300) can be accepted a kind of phase locked communication mode by VCO (324), so that tuning with described constant audio, and in order to allow digital data stream with constant period run, can also excite and exports the amplifier (340) that links to each other.
11. one kind is used to survey the automobile that is positioned at the search coverage scope or the system of other objects, this system comprises reflector (100), is used for producing and radiation narrow bandwidth radio frequency by using by the carrier frequency of certain low frequency voice modulation; Wherein this system also comprises transponder (200), is used for the signal of response by reflector (100) radiation, so that produce and radiation carrier signal once more by different harmonic waves; The signal of radiation comprises by superposition of data and flows to the fixedly low frequency audio frequency that the low frequency audio frequency produces once more; This system also comprises receiving system (300), have narrow bandwidth filter (311) and demodulating equipment, its median filter (311) holds with the described harmonic wave carrier signal of radiation once more, thereby it can produce the filtering output of the signal of the radiation once more that receives in response to antenna (310), so that receive the carrier signal of described radiation once more, and stop to remove by other the signals that comprises the narrow bandwidth of antenna (310) reception with equifrequent; Described demodulating equipment only when comparator (312) exceeds its pre-set threshold value and moves, produces low-frequency modulation signal and demodulation filtering output in response to the comparative level of output.
12. system as claimed in claim 11, wherein, receiving system has a series of demodulating equipment, after the monitoring to the low frequency restituted signal begins, can make response and excite output the detection of low frequency modulations in the shortest time.
13. system as claimed in claim 11, wherein, the narrow bandwidth radiofrequency signal comprises the stable carrier wave with the fixed-audio modulation; Described narrow bandwidth filter (311) comprises a local oscillator (314), a blender (319) and a correction wave filter (324) that produces intermediate-freuqncy signal; Handle in free transmission range, by ordo judiciorum relatively, be used for amplifying M signal so that modulation can be surveyed corresponding to the width from the output width of correction wave filter (324) from a series of devices of the signal of correction wave filter (324); Described a plurality of modulating device comprises one and clamps down on circuit (325), and this circuit (325) is adjudicated by response ratio and fixed the output that the narrow bandwidth frequency is differentiated equipment and revised discriminator (323), so that produce the fixed-audio modulation signal in output procedure; When decision value exceeded threshold values, the relatively judgement that comparator (312) is realized was removed.
14. as claim 11 or 13 described systems, wherein, receiving system (300) comprises that described a plurality of demodulating equipment is used for the output of constant cycle operation digital data stream, with length be the digital code stream of 64-16000 bit, the length of these code flow is to be determined by the memory circuitry that depends in the passive transponder (200).
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR2000/38071 | 2000-07-04 | ||
| KR1020000038071A KR100366268B1 (en) | 2000-07-04 | 2000-07-04 | Passive Identification System |
| KR2001/15301 | 2001-03-23 | ||
| KR2001/15300 | 2001-03-23 | ||
| KR10-2001-0015301A KR100491260B1 (en) | 2001-03-23 | 2001-03-23 | Electronic Toll Collection System of Credit Card type inserted Long range RFID |
| KR10-2001-0015300A KR100409047B1 (en) | 2001-03-23 | 2001-03-23 | Credit card type transponder with radio frequency remote Identify system for long range cognition |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA200410033952XA Division CN1604492A (en) | 2000-07-04 | 2001-06-01 | Credit-card type transponder |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1383621A CN1383621A (en) | 2002-12-04 |
| CN1233104C true CN1233104C (en) | 2005-12-21 |
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Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB018018696A Expired - Fee Related CN1233104C (en) | 2000-07-04 | 2001-06-01 | Passive transponder identification system and credit-card type transponder |
| CNA200410033952XA Pending CN1604492A (en) | 2000-07-04 | 2001-06-01 | Credit-card type transponder |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA200410033952XA Pending CN1604492A (en) | 2000-07-04 | 2001-06-01 | Credit-card type transponder |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6894624B2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2004503125A (en) |
| CN (2) | CN1233104C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU775854B2 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW497085B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002003560A1 (en) |
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| AU775854B2 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
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