CN1231552C - 改进的油漆替代品贴饰和含它的飞机 - Google Patents
改进的油漆替代品贴饰和含它的飞机 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1231552C CN1231552C CNB008181446A CN00818144A CN1231552C CN 1231552 C CN1231552 C CN 1231552C CN B008181446 A CNB008181446 A CN B008181446A CN 00818144 A CN00818144 A CN 00818144A CN 1231552 C CN1231552 C CN 1231552C
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- Prior art keywords
- applique
- acrylate
- adhesive
- backing
- gloss
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Abstract
提供一种贴饰,它包含含氟聚合物背衬、在背衬一个表面上的粘合剂和在背衬另一个表面上的聚氨酯涂层。
Description
本发明是遵循商业部国家标准和技术研究院授予的准许/合作协议No.70NANB5H1069,在政府的支助下完成的。政府对本发明有一定的权利。
发明的领域
本发明涉及用作贴饰(applique)的多层膜,所述贴饰例如用于油漆替代品的应用。
发明的背景
飞行器上的油漆可用于保护外部表面并提供装饰性的外观。在受控的环境中施涂油漆,以减轻对环境和健康的危害,而这会导致相当高的成本。目前的飞行器油漆技术采用大量的挥发性有机化合物进行施涂和清除,如二氯甲烷和甲乙酮,以及重金属如铬。这种材料对操作人员和环境有潜在的危害。这样,希望消除对油漆飞行器的需求。
在过去30年内,曾使用胶带来保护飞行器基材作为油漆体系的一个替换品。例如,曾使用聚氨酯胶带来保护飞行器前缘基材免受来自雨、沙、雨夹雪和其它空降颗粒危害所造成的损害。曾使用缓冲型聚氨酯胶带来吸收小石块和碎片产生的冲击能量,并为天线、机身板和组合机翼片(composite wingflaps)提供保护。能印有图形的薄膜胶带曾用于飞行器的标记和印花。这种胶带包括聚合物背衬和具有显著优点的粘合剂;然而,它们的应用一般有限,因为很少有环境能象飞行器外部所要求的那样,这是由于温度的变化、流体的作用、对各种形状和/或复杂表面的贴合性等原因造成的。这样,需要这样的油漆替代技术,它能经受飞行器所处的恶劣环境,同时保持可接受的膜外观特征(具体来说是高的光泽保留性、耐凿孔(gouge)性和耐擦刮性)并且能用于飞行器的整个表面。
发明的概述
本发明提供一种贴饰,它包含具有两个处理表面的氟化聚合物背衬,在一个处理表面上有一粘合剂层和在另一个处理表面上有一固化聚氨酯涂层,固化聚氨酯涂层包含氨基甲酸酯聚合物,所述贴饰任选地还包含添加剂如着色剂、UV吸收剂等。粘合剂较好是一种压敏粘合剂,它较好包含丙烯酸酯共聚物,所述共聚物包含至少一种单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体(在描述共聚物时也将其称为“重复单元”)和至少一种单官能可自由基共聚合的含酸增强单体,所述增强单体的均聚物的玻璃化转变温度高于(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯均聚物的玻璃化转变温度。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,贴饰包含未全氟化的氟化聚合物背衬、在背衬一个处理表面上的粘合剂层和在另一个处理表面上的固化聚氨酯涂层,固化聚氨酯涂层包含氨基甲酸酯聚合物,所述贴饰任选地还包含添加剂如着色剂、UV吸收剂等。粘合剂较好是一种压敏粘合剂,它较好包含丙烯酸酯共聚物,所述共聚物包含至少一种单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体和至少一种单官能可自由基共聚合的含酸增强单体,所述增强单体的均聚物的玻璃化转变温度高于(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯均聚物的玻璃化转变温度。
本发明也提供一种飞机,它包含外表面和在其外表面上的贴饰,其中贴饰包含具有两个处理表面的氟化聚合物背衬、在一个处理表面上的粘合剂层和在另一个处理表面上的固化聚氨酯涂层,固化聚氨酯涂层包含氨基甲酸酯聚合物,所述贴饰任选地还包含添加剂如着色剂、UV吸收剂等。粘合剂较好是一种压敏粘合剂,它较好包含丙烯酸酯共聚物,所述共聚物包含共聚合的单体,该共聚合的单体包含至少一种单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体和至少一种单官能可自由基共聚合的含酸增强单体,所述增强单体的均聚物的玻璃化转变温度高于(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯均聚物的玻璃化转变温度。
按与贴饰表面成60°角测量本发明贴饰的光泽保留性为大于或等于10%,较好为大于或等于30%,更好为大于或等于40%,按与光泽和半光泽表面的贴饰表面成85°角测量本发明贴饰的光泽保留性为大于或等于30%,较好为大于或等于45%,更好为大于或等于60%。
当与贴饰表面成60°角进行测量时,初始光泽较好为大于10,更好为35或更大,再好为40或更大,最好为50或更大。本发明的贴饰也是可贴合和可去除的,并且它耐烃流体。本发明的贴饰较好是耐液压液并且其薄膜硬度大于或等于6B。
本发明的贴饰较好能提供具有精度公差的均匀涂层厚度,例如,厚度为52.1微米的固化聚氨酯涂层的公差为±1.5微米。固化聚氨酯涂层的涂层厚度较好可约为12-254微米。粘合剂较好是一种压敏粘合剂,它较好包含丙烯酸酯共聚物,所述共聚物包含至少一种单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体和至少一种单官能可自由基共聚合的含酸增强单体,所述增强单体的均聚物的玻璃化转变温度高于(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体均聚物的玻璃化转变温度。
本发明贴饰的优点包括:与单独的含氟聚合物背衬相比,改进的光泽保留性和改进的耐凿孔性和耐擦刮性;并且与常规的油漆相比,该贴饰较易从基材上去除,使得基材的外观可以随意改变,而付出的劳力比常规油漆所需的少。
较好实施方案的详细描述
本发明涉及贴饰,尤其是用于替代基材上的油漆的贴饰。这种贴饰可用在交通工具如飞机、火车和汽车、小船和轮船上。它们可用在上过油漆、上过底漆(例如环氧底漆、铬化底漆)或裸露的表面上。它们可用在金属表面,尤其是铝表面上,所述表面可以是阳极氧化处理过的表面、铬酸盐处理过的表面(它是用购自Amchem Products,Inc.,Abmoler,PA的Alodine 1200处理得到的,或按其它方式处理的表面)。它们可用在复合材料例如碳纤维增强的塑料的表面上。
本发明的贴饰可以是各种各样的形状、大小和厚度。它们可以是片材料的形式,或者它们可以是三维形状制品的形式如热成形的行李箱。这种三维形状的贴饰可用在如飞机的翼尖或机头上。若是片材料的形式,则贴饰的厚度一般约为12-760微米,而若是三维物体的形式,则贴饰的厚度一般约为170-760微米。
本发明的贴饰可用作印花和装饰性贴饰,或者它们可用作保护性贴饰,以减少例如腐蚀、凿孔和擦刮的损害。它们可以多层的形式来使用,例如在印花上的保护性贴饰或在保护性贴饰上的印花。重要的是,可以使用本发明的贴饰以完全覆盖交通工具如飞机的外部表面,作为油漆的替代品、作为油漆上面的保护性涂层或作为油漆下面的涂层。可以这样来施加它们,使贴饰的边缘重叠或形成对接。
本发明的贴饰具有有光泽的外观,并且能提供在光泽和半光泽表面范围内的优良的光泽保留性。这就意味着当以60°角进行测量时,本发明贴饰的初始光泽大于10,以60°角进行测量时的光泽保留性大于或等于10%,以85°角进行测量时的光泽保留性大于或等于30%,上述两个角度都是相对于贴饰表面而言的。在此所用的术语“有光泽的”包括呈现半光泽和光泽的表面。将这种表面定义为当以60°角进行测量时初始光泽值大于10的那些表面。可以将有光泽的表面描述成具有光泽或亮度的表面。可以将半光泽描述成介于有光泽和或无光泽之间。可以将无光泽表面描述成没有光泽。可以将无光泽表面描述成当以60°角进行测量时初始光泽为10或更小的表面。
本发明贴饰的薄膜硬度较好大于或等于6B,并且它是可贴合和可去除的。
本发明的贴饰在各种环境条件下都是稳定的,所述环境条件包括各种温度和湿度以及暴露在湿气和流体中。这就是说,本发明的贴饰较好是可贴合的、耐流体的并能在各种条件下很好地粘合到各种表面上。在此所用的“可贴合的”贴饰是一种可以施加到各种形状和/或复杂的表面上并在所需用途的所需时间内保持与整个表面紧密地接触。可贴合的贴饰较好是能通过下面实施例中所述的贴合性试验。
本发明的贴饰也能耐烃流体(例如喷气燃料)。在室温下,在施加到铝基材上并在室温下浸在烃流体中14天之后,本发明贴饰的剥离强度较好至少约为30N/100mm。在此浸渍后,所述剥离强度更好至少约为35N/100mm。
本发明的贴饰较好也能耐磷酸酯液压液(例如SKYDROL液压液)。在室温下,在施加到铝基材上并在室温下浸在磷酸酯液压液中30天之后,本发明贴饰的剥离强度较好至少约为25N/100mm。在此浸渍后,所述剥离强度更好至少约为35N/100mm。
基于在1998年6月6日申请的W099/64235中所述的贴饰结构的性能,预计本发明的贴饰具有上述耐烃和液压液的性质。
本发明的贴饰较好在低温下具有相当大的剥离强度。这就意味着本发明的贴饰在-51℃时的剥离强度至少约为30N/100mm。在-51℃时,该剥离强度更好至少约为40N/100mm,再好至少约为60N/100mm。
本发明的贴饰包括一背衬,该背衬具有两个处理过的主表面并且具有在第一处理过的主表面上的粘合剂层(较好是压敏粘合剂层)和在第二处理过的主表面上的聚氨酯涂层。背衬包括氟化聚合物,较好是未全氟化的氟化聚合物。压敏粘合剂较好包括丙烯酸酯共聚物,其较好是交联的丙烯酸酯共聚物。重要和惊奇的是,本发明的贴饰能经受飞行器所处的恶劣环境,同时保持高的光泽和防止凿孔和擦刮的损害,并且它也是可贴合和可去除的。这就使本发明的贴饰能用在飞行器的整个表面上。
背衬
本发明贴饰的背衬包括一种或多种氟化聚合物。本文中,聚合物包括均聚物和共聚物。共聚物包括含两种或多种不同单体的聚合物,包括三元共聚物、四元共聚物等。氟化聚合物较好是从烯属不饱和单体制得。而且,氟化聚合物较好是未全氟化的。就是说,尽管它们可以从全氟化单体制得,但所得的聚合物包含如C-H和C-F键。
适用于制造本发明贴饰的背衬的氟化聚合物较好是那些能形成可贴合、耐流体的片材料的聚合物。在此所用的“可贴合的”背衬是一种可以施加到各种形状和/或复杂的表面上并在所需用途的所需时间内保持与整个表面紧密接触的背衬。可贴合的背衬较好是能通过下面实施例中所述的贴合性试验。
一种有用的氟化聚合物包括得自偏二氟乙烯(也称为“VF2”或“VDF”)的共聚合单元。这种材料一般包括至少约3重量%得自VF2的共聚合单元,它可以是均聚物或与其它烯键式不饱和单体如六氟丙烯(“HFP”)、四氟乙烯(“TFE”)、三氟氯乙烯(“CTFE”)、2-氯五氟丙烯、全氟烷基乙烯基醚、全氟二烯丙基醚、全氟-1,3-丁二烯等的共聚物。这种含氟单体也可以与不含氟的末端不饱和的烯烃共聚单体如乙烯或丙烯共聚合。较好的这种含氟聚合物包括四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏二氟乙烯三元共聚物和六氟丙烯-偏二氟乙烯共聚物。这种类型的商购含氟聚合物材料例如包括THV 200、THV 400和THV 500含氟聚合物,它们都购自Dyneon(Minnesota Mining and ManufacturingCompany的完全拥有的子公司),Oakdale,MN,和SOLEF11010,它购自SolvayPolymers Inc.,Houston,TX。
另一种有用的氟化聚合物包括得自六氟丙烯(“HFP”)、四氟乙烯(“TFE”)、三氟氯乙烯(“CTFE”)和/或其它全卤化单体中一种或多种单体并且还得自一种或多种含氢和/或未氟化的烯属不饱和单体的共聚合单元。有用的烯属不饱和单体包括烯烃单体如乙烯、丙烯、1-氢五氟丙烯、2-氢五氟丙烯等。一种较好的这种含氟聚合物是聚(四氟乙烯)和乙烯的共聚物。这种类型的商购含氟聚合物材料例如包括TEFZEL LZ300含氟聚合物,它购自DuPont Films,Buffalo,NY。
其它有用的氟化聚合物,较好是未全氟化的聚合物包括聚(氟乙烯),例如TEDLAR TAW15AH8,它购自DuPont Films。也可以使用含氟聚合物的共混物来制造本发明贴饰的背衬。例如,可以使用两种不同类型的未全氟化的含氟聚合物的共混物,以及未全氟化的含氟聚合物与全氟化的含氟聚合物的共混物。而且,也可以使用含氟聚合物与不含氟聚合物如聚氨酯和聚乙烯的共混物,只要共混物中的一种聚合物是含氟聚合物并且不含氟聚合物的用量是较小的。可以采用各种方法,包括浇注法和挤出法,然而较好是将它们挤出来制造本发明所用的含氟聚合物背衬。
该背衬一般是具有两个主表面的片材料的形式。一般来说,对两个表面加以处理,使其能粘合粘合剂和聚氨酯层。这种处理方法包括电晕处理,尤其是在含氮气或氮气和氢气的气氛中进行的电晕放电,如美国专利5,972,176(Seth等)中所述。另一种有用的处理方法包括使用萘基钠(sodiumnaphthalenide)进行的化学蚀刻。这种处理方法披露于
聚合物界面和粘合,Souheng Wu,Ed.,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,NY和Basel,279-336页(1982),和
聚合物科学和工程百科全书,第二版,增补卷,John Wiley & Sons,674-689页(1989)中。另一种有用的处理方法是FLUOROTECH法,它得自ActonIndustries,Inc.,Pittston,PA。其它的处理方法包括使用这种材料作为底漆。这些方法可用于代替上述表面处理或作为除了上述表面处理外再用的方法。有用底漆的一个例子是ADHESION PROMOTER#86A(一种液体底漆,它购自Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company,St.Paul,MN)。
如在下面“剥离粘合强度(方法B)”所述的在-51℃温度进行试验时获得的剥离粘合强度为30N/100mm,则处理条件就是足够的。
背衬可能是透明无色的,或者它宜包括着色剂如颜料或染料。着色剂较好是一种无机颜料,如美国专利No.5,132,164(Moriya等)中披露的那些。可以将颜料加到一种或多种能与一种或多种氟化聚合物共混的非氟化聚合物中。
粘合剂
可以使用粘合剂如室温压敏粘合剂(PSA)、热熔PSA或热塑性塑料将本发明的背衬粘合到基材上。粘合剂较好是一种室温PSA。室温PSA的一个例子是丙烯酸酯压敏粘合剂。这种材料具有粘合性、内聚性、拉伸性和弹性四者的综合性能,且其玻璃化转变温度(Tg)低于约20℃。这样,它们在室温下(例如约20℃至25℃)摸上去有粘性(可用手指粘附试验或常规测量装置测定),并在施加轻微的压力后易形成有用的粘合剂粘合。Dahlquist标准范围(如
压 敏粘合剂技术手册,第2版,D.Satas编,Van Nostrand Reinhold,New York,NY,171-176页(1989)中所述)给出了压敏粘合剂可接受的定量说明,其一般性地指出储能模量(G’)小于约3×105帕斯卡(在约20-22℃的温度、10弧度/秒下测定)的材料具有压敏粘合剂的性能,而G’超过此数值的材料没有压敏粘合剂的性能。如上所述,在此所用的丙烯酸酯压敏粘合剂共聚物是特别有利的,因为它们在宽的温度范围内,尤其是在低温下具有所需的对各种基材的粘合性能。另外,它们即使在与各种流体接触后也具有所需的粘合性能。
较好的聚(丙烯酸酯)得自:(A)至少一种单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体(即,丙烯酸烷基酯和甲基丙烯酸烷基酯单体);和(B)至少一种单官能可自由基共聚合的含酸增强单体。该增强单体的均聚物的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)高于(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯均聚物的玻璃化转变温度,故它是一种提高所得共聚物的玻璃化转变温度和模量的单体。这里,“共聚物”是指含有两种或多种不同单体的聚合物,包括三元共聚物、四元共聚物等。
制备本发明压敏粘合剂共聚物所用的单体较好包括:组分(A)-单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体,该单体均聚后的玻璃化转变温度通常不大于约0℃;和组分(B)-单官能可自由基共聚合的含酸增强单体,该单体均聚后的玻璃化转变温度通常至少约为10℃。单体A和B的均聚物的玻璃化转变温度一般精确到±5℃之内,并且它是用差示扫描量热法测定的。
单体A是单官能丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯(即(甲基)丙烯酸酯),它赋予共聚物以柔韧性和粘性。单体A均聚物的Tg较好为不大于约0℃。(甲基)丙烯酸酯的烷基基团较好平均约有4-20个碳原子,更好平均约有4-14个碳原子。烷基链中任选地可以含有氧原子,从而形成如醚或烷氧基醚。单体A的例子包括,但不局限于丙烯酸2-甲基丁酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸4-甲基-2-戊酯、丙烯酸异戊酯、丙烯酸仲丁酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸正己酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸正辛酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸正癸酯、丙烯酸异癸酯、甲基丙烯酸异癸酯和丙烯酸异壬酯。其它的例子包括,但不局限于聚乙氧基化或聚丙氧基化的甲氧基(甲基)丙烯酸酯(即,聚(环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷)单-(甲基)丙烯酸酯)大分子单体(即大分子的单体)、聚甲基乙烯基醚单(甲基)丙烯酸酯大分子单体和乙氧基化或丙氧基化的壬基酚丙烯酸酯大分子单体。这些大分子单体的分子量通常约为100克/摩尔至600克/摩尔,较好约为300克/摩尔至600克/摩尔。可用作单体A的较好的单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯包括丙烯酸2-甲基丁酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸月桂酯和聚(乙氧基化的)甲氧基丙烯酸酯(即,甲氧基封端的聚(乙二醇)单丙烯酸酯或聚(环氧乙烷)单甲基丙烯酸酯)。归类为A单体的各种单官能单体的混合物可用来制备压敏共聚物,该共聚物可用于制备本发明的贴饰。
单体B是单官能可自由基共聚合的含酸增强单体,它提高了共聚物的玻璃化转变温度。在此所用的“增强”单体是那些提高粘合剂的模量从而提高其强度的单体。单体B的均聚物的Tg较好至少约为10℃。在此所用的“含酸的”单体是那些包含酸官能度如丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸官能度的单体。单体B的例子包括,但不局限于丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸、巴豆酸、马来酸和富马酸。可用作单体B的较好的增强单官能丙烯酸类单体包括丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸。归类为B单体的各种增强单官能单体的混合物可用来制备共聚物,该共聚物可用于制备本发明的保护性贴饰。
除了含酸单体外,若需要的话,共聚物任选地还可包含单官能可自由基共聚合的中性或非极性的增强单体。这种单体的例子包括,但不局限于丙烯酸2,2-(二乙氧基)乙酯、丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的羟乙酯、丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的2-羟丙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸降冰片酯(norbornyl acrylate)、丙烯酸异冰片酯、丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的2-(苯氧基)乙酯、丙烯酸联苯酯、丙烯酸叔丁基苯酯、丙烯酸环己酯、丙烯酸二甲基金刚烷酯、丙烯酸2-萘酯、丙烯酸苯酯和N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮。这些中性增强单官能单体的混合物可用来制备共聚物,该共聚物可用于制备本发明的贴饰。
宜将丙烯酸酯共聚物制成使所得的Tg低于约25℃,更好地低于约0℃。这种丙烯酸酯共聚物宜包含约80-96重量%的至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯重复单元和约4-20重量%的至少一种可共聚合的含酸增强重复单元。丙烯酸酯共聚物更好包含约85-95重量%的至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯重复单元和约6-15重量%的至少一种可共聚合的含酸增强重复单元。这些重量百分数均以单体的总重量为基准计。
若需要的话,在本发明贴饰的压敏粘合剂中可以使用一种或多种可与或不与单体A和B共聚合的非离子型交联剂。交联剂在此称为组分C。一般来说,组分C改进了压敏粘合剂的粘合性,并改善了其内聚强度。交联剂通常会形成化学交联(例如共价键)。在将贴饰施加到基材上之前,交联官能度被消耗,即,它与单体A和B或它们的共聚物基本上完全反应。
当组分C具有烯类不饱和度时,它可通过烯类不饱和度与单体A和B共聚合而结合入共聚物的主链中。这种交联剂披露于美国专利No.4,379,201(Heilmann等);4,737,559(Kellen等);5,073,611(Rehmer等)和5,506,279(Babu等)中。或者,组分C可基本上与聚合物的主链无关。此类材料例如可通过与单体B的羧酸侧基反应(如美国专利No.5,604,034(Matsuda)中所述),或通过光敏化的夺氢作用(如美国专利No.4,330,590(Vesley)和4,329,384(Vesley)中所述)来引起交联。Matsuda公开了采用官能度能与羧酸基团反应的多官能交联剂,而Vesley描述了在暴露在紫外光辐照(例如波长约250纳米至400纳米的辐射)下能引起交联的添加剂。
组分C较好是(1)可共聚合的烯属不饱和化合物,它在激发态时能夺取氢;(2)具有至少两个与羧酸基团反应的反应性官能团的化合物;或(3)不能共聚合的化合物,它在激发态时能夺取氢。组分C1是能与单体A和/或B聚合的可自由基聚合的单体。组分C2和C3基本上不具有烯属不饱和度,因此它们通常不能与单体A和/或B共聚合。各种交联剂的混合物可用来制备本发明的压敏粘合剂。
一类非离子型交联剂(即组分C1)是烯属不饱和化合物,它与单体A和B共聚合,在聚合物受辐射时,在聚合物上产生自由基。这种化合物的例子包括在美国专利No.4,737,559(Kellen等)中所述的丙烯酸化的二苯酮,购自Sartomer Company,Exton,PA的对-丙烯酰氧基-二苯酮,以及在美国专利No.5,073,611(Rehmer等)中所述的单体,包括对-N-(甲基丙烯酰基-4-氧杂1,5-亚戊基)-氨基甲酰氧基二苯酮、N-(苯甲酰基-对-亚苯基)-N’-(甲基丙烯酰氧基亚甲基)-碳二亚胺,以及对-丙烯酰氧基-二苯酮。在美国专利No.5,506,279(Babu等)的第5-6栏上描述了另一种合适的烯属不饱和交联剂,它在该文中称为式2,它是{2-[4-(2-羟基-2-甲基-1-丙酮)苯氧基]}乙基(2-甲基-2-(2-甲基-2-丙烯-1-酮)氨基)丙酸酯。在激发态时能夺取氢的烯属不饱和化合物宜包括丙烯酸类官能度。这些交联剂的混合物可用来制备本发明所用的压敏粘合剂。
第二类非离子型交联剂(即组分C2)是基本上不具有烯属不饱和度且能与单体B的羧酸基团反应的交联化合物。它包括至少两个与羧酸基团反应的官能团。它可以在单体A和B聚合前或已形成部分聚合的浆料后加到单体A和B的混合物中,或是加到单体A和B的共聚物中。这种组分的例子包括,但不局限于在美国专利No.5,604,034(Mat suda)中所述的1,4-双(亚乙基亚氨基羰基氨基)苯;4,4-双(亚乙基亚氨基羰基氨基)二苯基甲烷;1,8-双(亚乙基亚氨基羰基氨基)辛烷;1,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯;和1,6-己二异氰酸酯。另一个例子是美国专利No.4,418,120(Kealy等)中所述的N,N’-双-1,2-亚丙基间苯二甲酰胺。其它的此类交联剂购自K.J.Quin and Co.,Seabrook,NH和EIT Inc.,Lake Wyllie,SC。C2交联剂的其它例子包括二环氧化物、二酸酐、双(酰胺)和双(酰亚胺)。这些交联剂的混合物可用来制备本发明所用的压敏粘合剂。
第三类非离子型交联剂(即组分C3)是这样一种化合物,它基本上不具有烯属不饱和度,不能与单体A和B共聚合,且在激发态时能夺取氢。将其加到单体A和B的共聚物中,或加到单体A和B的部分聚合的浆料中。在辐照该混合物后,组分C3在聚合物或部分聚合的材料上产生自由基。这种组分的例子包括,但不局限于在美国专利No.4,330,590(Vesley)中所述的2,4-双(三氯甲基)-6-(4-甲氧基)苯基)-s-三嗪;2,4-双(三氯甲基)-6-(3,4-二甲氧基)苯基)-s-三嗪;2,4-双(三氯甲基)-6-(3,4,5-三甲氧基)苯基)-s-三嗪;2,4-双(三氯甲基)-6-(2,4-二甲氧基)苯基)-s-三嗪;2,4-双(三氯甲基)-6-(3-甲氧基)苯基)-s-三嗪,以及在美国专利No.4,329,384(Vesley)中所述的2,4-双(三氯甲基)-6-萘次甲基-s-三嗪和2,4-双(三氯甲基)-6-(4-甲氧基)萘次甲基-s-三嗪。这些交联剂的混合物可用来制备本发明所用的压敏粘合剂。
除了组分C1-C3中的一种或多种外,可以使用的另一类交联剂是含有至少两个丙烯酸类部分的丙烯酸类交联单体(组分C4),在丙烯酸类基团之间的链平均宜具有少于约12个原子。此类交联剂的例子包括,但不局限于三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、1,2-乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、二丙烯酸十二烷酯以及环氧乙烷改性的双酚A的二丙烯酸酯。
若使用的话,则使用有效量的交联剂,这是指该用量足以使压敏粘合剂发生交联来提供足够的内聚强度,以使感兴趣的基材产生最终所需的粘合性能。若使用的话,以共聚物为100份计,交联剂的用量较好约为0.01-2重量份。
若使用光交联剂,则可将粘合剂置于波长约为250-400nm的紫外光辐射下。在此较佳波长范围内使粘合剂交联所需的辐射能约为100-1,500毫焦耳/平方厘米(mJ/cm2),更好约为200-800mJ/cm2。
丙烯酸酯共聚物的制备
本发明的丙烯酸酯压敏粘合剂可采用各种自由基聚合方法来合成,所述方法包括溶液、辐射、本体、分散、乳液和悬浮聚合法。单体聚合形成本发明压敏粘合剂组合物中所用的共聚物通常利用热能、电子束辐射、紫外光辐射等方式进行。这些聚合可用聚合引发剂来促进,所述引发剂可以是热引发剂或光引发剂。合适的光引发剂的例子包括,但不局限于苯偶姻醚如苯偶姻甲醚和苯偶姻异丙醚,取代的苯偶姻醚如茴香偶姻甲醚,取代的苯乙酮如2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮以及取代的α-酮醇如2-甲基-2-羟基苯基·乙基酮。市售的光引发剂的例子包括购自Ciba-Geigy Corp.,Hawthorne,NY的IRGACURE651和DAROCUR1173以及购自BASF,Parsippany,NJ的LUCERIN TPO。合适的热引发剂的例子包括,但不局限于过氧化物如过氧化二苯甲酰、过氧化二月桂基、过氧化甲基乙基酮、氢过氧化枯烯、过氧二碳酸二环己酯以及2,2-偶氮-二(异丁腈)和过苯甲酸叔丁酯。市售的热引发剂的例子包括购自ACROSOrganics,Pittsburgh,PA的VAZO 64以及购自Elf Atochem North America,Philadelphia,PA的LUCIDOL 70。聚合引发剂的用量能有效地促使单体聚合。以共聚物为100份计,聚合引发剂的用量较好约为0.1-5.0重量份,更好约为0.2-1.0重量份。
若采用光交联剂,则可将涂布的粘合剂置于波长约为250-400nm的紫外光辐射下。在此较佳波长范围内使粘合剂交联所需的辐射能约为100-1,500毫焦耳/平方厘米,更好约为200-800毫焦耳/平方厘米。
本发明的共聚物可采用各种技术来制备,这些技术可能包括或不包括溶剂或链转移剂(例如CBr4)来控制分子量。这些技术可能涉及使用合适的聚合引发剂。使用单体A、B以及交联剂的较好的无溶剂聚合方法披露于美国专利No.4,379,201(Heilmann等)中。首先,使单体A和B的混合物在惰性环境下用UV辐射一段时间(该时间足以形成可涂布的基础浆料),用部分光引发剂聚合该混合物,然后加入交联剂和其余的光引发剂。然后将含有交联剂的此最终浆料(例如,在23℃时用No.4LTV心轴以60转/分钟测定的Brookfield粘度约为100-6000厘泊)涂布到诸如背衬的基材上。一旦将浆料涂布到背衬上后,通常在惰性环境(即不与单体混合物反应的环境)中进行进一步的聚合和交联。合适的惰性环境包括排除了氧的氮气、二氧化碳、氦气和氩气。足够惰性的气氛可以这样获得,用一聚合物膜覆盖一层光活性浆料,所述膜例如是硅氧烷处理过的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)膜,它对UV辐射或电子束和通过空气中的膜的辐照是透明的。
用单体A、B以及任选的交联剂来制备共聚物的较好的溶液聚合方法披露于美国专利No.5,073,611(Rehmer等)中。用于这种制备方法的合适溶剂例如包括烃,如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、正己烷、环己烷以及酯、醇、醚和它们的混合物。为了在溶液中进行聚合,将一些或全部溶剂与一些单体混合物以及一些或全部热引发剂一起加热。聚合开始时,加入其余的单体混合物以及有关的其余的热引发剂和溶剂。聚合后,可将组合物涂布到背衬上,通过加热或不加热蒸发除去溶剂。
用单体A、B以及交联剂制备共聚物的胶乳聚合方法披露于美国专利No.5,424,122(Crandall等)中。例如,将单体A、B和交联剂、以及亲油非离子型自由基引发剂、水和非离子型表面活性剂混合,进行胶乳乳液聚合。对混合物进行匀化,形成乳液,随后引发自由基聚合(通常靠加热实现),同时在惰性气氛下搅拌乳液。聚合后,将胶乳涂布到固体基材上并干燥,通常在至少约65℃的温度下干燥。如果需要,可以加入或除去水,以便达到合适的涂料粘度。
然后采用各种涂布方法将压敏粘合剂组合物施涂到背衬上,所述方法包括刮涂、缝式刮涂或逆向辊涂。若组合物含有溶剂,则将其在一定温度(例如约65-120℃)下干燥一段时间(例如数分钟至约一小时),从而提供粘合性贴饰。粘合剂层的厚度可在约10微米至数百微米(例如大约200微米)的宽范围内变化。
一旦粘合剂组合物基本上完全固化并任选地交联形成了一种贴饰,贴饰的粘合剂表面可任选地用临时性可除去的剥离衬里(即保护性衬里)来加以保护,所述剥离衬里例如是纸衬里或塑料膜如聚烯烃(如聚乙烯或聚丙烯)或聚酯(如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)膜。这些纸或膜可以用剥离材料如硅氧烷、蜡、氟碳化合物等加以处理。只有在粘合剂组合物基本上完全固化并任选地交联从而基本上没有不饱和度后,才能将本发明的粘合性贴饰施加到基材上。
任选的粘合剂添加剂
本发明贴饰所用的丙烯酸酯压敏粘合剂组合物可以包含常规添加剂,如增粘剂、增塑剂、流动改性剂、中和剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、填料、着色剂等,只要它们不影响粘合剂的耐流体性即可。不能与用来制备丙烯酸酯共聚物的单体共聚合的引发剂也可用来提高聚合和/或交联的速度。这些添加剂可以各种组合形式使用。若使用的话,它们的加入量应不会对压敏粘合剂的所需性能或其形成纤维的性能有明显不利的影响。一般来说,以丙烯酸酯类的压敏粘合剂组合物的总重量计,这些添加剂在这些体系中的加入量可约为0.05-25重量%。
聚氨酯涂层
本发明贴饰上的固化聚氨酯涂层是从含羟基的材料(原料)和含异氰酸酯的材料(活化剂)如多异氰酸酯的反应产物制成的。含有含羟基和含异氰酸酯的材料的可固化组合物也可以包含着色剂。可固化组合物通常包含溶剂并且也可以再包含其它添加剂如UV稳定剂、抗氧化剂、腐蚀抑制剂、固化催化剂等。
以当量计,异氰酸酯∶羟基官能度的有用化学计量比为2.1∶1-0.5∶1,较好为2.1∶1-1∶1,更好为2.1∶1-1.4∶1。
固化过程可通过加入适当的催化剂而得到加速。一般来说,这种催化剂包括重金属有机化合物,例如苹果酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡以及重金属如锡、铅、铋、钴和锰的环烷酸盐或辛酸盐。其它合适的催化剂包括叔胺和其它含氮物质如N-烷基吗啉、N-烷基脂族多胺、N-烷基哌嗪和三亚乙基二胺。
其中的无机和有机锡化合物对异氰酸酯与含羟基的材料(尤其是醇和多元醇)的反应是最有效的催化剂。通常用于此用途的锡化合物包括2-乙基己酸亚锡(也称为辛酸亚锡)、二月桂酸二丁基锡、二丁基锡-二(十二烷基硫醇)和氧化二丁基锡(DBTO)。在聚氨酯形成反应中用作或建议用作催化剂或助催化剂的其它典型的有机锡化合物例如披露于美国专利No.3,582,501;3,836,488和4,119,585中。美国专利No.3,392,128披露了使用氨磺酰二丁基锡,美国专利No.3,980,579披露了多种硫代羧酸二烷基锡。美国专利No.5,089,645披露了用作多元醇与二异氰酸酯反应的催化剂的含羟基的有机锡化合物。用于本发明的市售催化剂的例子包括FASCATTM4202和FASCATTM4224催化剂(两者都购自Atochem North America,Philadelphia,PA);和DABCOuT1和DABCOTM T12催化剂(两者都购自Air Products and Chemicals,Inc.,Allentown,PA)。视配方的不同,催化剂的有用量一般为0至约800ppm。
当干燥和固化时,聚氨酯涂层提供可贴合的聚氨酯涂层,与例如单独的含氟聚合物层相比,所述涂层具有改进的光泽保留性和耐凿孔性和耐擦刮性。有用的市售聚氨酯油漆的例子包括购自U.S.Paint Corporation的AWL Grip#2高固体聚氨酯光泽面漆和用于高固体面漆的Hi-Cat #85 L/F转换漆(Converter)的混合物,以及购自Courtaulds Aerospace的DESOTHANE HS。用于上述市售聚氨酯油漆的催化剂的有用量分别为0至约800ppm和约250至750ppm。
贴饰的制备
本发明的贴饰可采用标准的成膜和粘合剂涂布技术来制备。通常,将含氟聚合物挤出到诸如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的载体上,形成一背衬。然后使该背衬冷却并固化。然后处理背衬的外露表面,以提高压敏粘合剂层的粘合性。然后将一层压敏粘合剂层施加到背衬的处理过的表面上。可采用各种涂布技术,例如刮涂、辊涂、带流体的模头等。粘合剂例如还可利用溶剂浇注技术来施加。或者,可将一层粘合剂层层压到背衬上。这样,可以使粘合剂先聚合然后施加到背衬上,或可以将其作为预聚物施加,然后在背衬上固化。如上所述,可将剥离衬里施加到粘合剂层上。在一些方法中,可能希望通过剥离衬里来固化粘合剂。除去背衬的载体,如上所述对背衬的外露表面进行处理,以提高对聚氨酯涂层的粘合性。可以采用与上述施加PSA相同的方法来施加聚氨酯涂层。若在固化聚氨酯层后将其施加到含氟聚合物背衬的处理过的表面上,则在此所述的PSA组合物可用于将聚氨酯层粘合到含氟聚合物背衬上。
本发明贴饰结构的外露表面可以具有形成图案的结构。这种形成图案的结构对于降低在外露表面上和/或通过外露表面的流体(例如空气、水)阻力是有用的。这种形成图案的结构和其制造方法披露于美国专利No.5,133,516(Marentic和Morris)以及5,848,769(Fronek和Kryzer)中。例如,可以将在一个表面上具有压花结构图案的聚合物片(也称为衬里)层压到上面还没有固化聚氨酯涂层的贴饰的外露表面上,使聚氨酯涂层与结构图案接触。随后在衬里就位的情况下固化聚氨酯涂层,而后在使用贴饰前除去衬里。结果是获得了一种带有聚氨酯固化外层的贴饰,该贴饰的外露表面含有与衬里的压花结构图案相反的图案。
实施例
贴饰试样的制备
按下列方式制备试样。在使用前,用异丙醇洗涤7.6厘米×11.4厘米×0.063厘米的铝试样(2024-T3,购自Q-Panel Lab Products,Cleveland,OH)三次。将一片尺寸为2.54厘米×11.4厘米的3M Scotch Brand 898高性能带(购自Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company,St.Paul,MN)包在试样的一条纵向边缘上,从而使试样的每个相对表面被大约1.2厘米的带覆盖。然后,提供三条2.54厘米×15.2厘米的贴饰试条,除去它们的剥离衬里。用2千克硬橡胶辊滚压两次,沿经洗涤的铝试样宽度方向(7.6厘米)施加试条;这使得每一试条有7.6厘米伸出有带的纵向边缘。这样使每一试条得到一个8.8厘米的垂片部分,它包括1.2厘米宽的有带的纵向边缘和试条伸出试样边缘7.6厘米的部分。将尺寸与该垂片相同的3M Scotch Brand 898高性能带粘到每个垂片的背面,以防止测试时垂片拉伸。
测试方法
贴合性
该试验用来评价本发明贴饰的贴合性。将两块7.62厘米×25.4厘米、厚度为1毫米的裸露的铝板相互重叠放置,得到5.08厘米×25.4厘米的重叠部分。用一排MS20470AN470-5-4通用头铆钉(如《标准飞行器手册》第5版64页所述)经过中心向下并沿重叠部分的长度方向将板铆接在一起。铆钉相隔2.54厘米放置,因此得到的试板通常有9个铆钉。从贴饰片上切割一块大小为4厘米×5厘米的试条,除去PSA剥离衬里。用手沿长度方向将试条施加到铆接的铝板上,从而使试条覆盖2个铆钉。用手指压力和/或平的柔软塑料片用力朝下摩擦试条,以确保与平板和铆钉的紧密接触。若需要的话,在整个贴饰上进行针孔穿刺,以释放任何夹带的空气。在室温下48小时后,用肉眼目测评价试条的贴合性,所述贴合性是用不存在裂缝或皱纹来确定的。没有裂缝或皱纹的那些实施例被评定为“合格”。
剥离粘合强度
方法A
在室温下(24℃)评价其上有贴饰试条的试样的剥离粘合强度。具体地说,按照PSTC-1(11/75)测试上面“贴饰试样的制备”中所述制备的试样,所述测试方法在美国专利No.5,670,557(Dietz等)中有进一步的描述。在室温(约24℃)下放置72小时后,提起每一试条的垂片末端,使试样的有带的纵向边缘外露。然后将试样的有带的纵向边缘夹在拉伸试验机(装有1千牛静态载荷传感器的Instron Universal Testing Instrument#4201型,购自InstronCompany Corporation,Canton,MA)的夹头上。将试条的垂片与载荷传感器相连,以180°的角度、30.5厘米/分钟的速度剥离。以盎司为单位,记录将试条从铝试样上拉下所需的剥离粘合力,取在5.1至7.6厘米之间的平均值。评价三条试条,将结果合并起来得到以盎司/英寸为单位的平均值,将其转换和归一化成牛顿/100毫米。
方法B
如上面方法A所述制备其上有贴饰试条的试样并进行评价,并作下列改动。拉伸试验机装有Instron Environmental Chamber System#3116型。将每一试样冷却至-51℃,于该温度下平衡10分钟。平衡后,施加剥离力。在破坏前,所有测试样品的峰值剥离粘合强度都至少为135牛/100毫米。对每一样品来说,破坏的地方即破坏的界面都是不同的。以牛顿/100毫米为单位记录平均峰值剥离粘合强度(3次测量)。
光泽保留性
对本发明的贴饰磨损前后评价其光泽特性以确定光泽保留性。具体来说,除去保护贴饰的粘合剂层的剥离衬里,将贴饰施加到S-36样品安装卡(购自TABERIndustries,North Tonawanda,NY)的适当表面上,使贴饰的粘合剂层与安装卡接触,用手压除去任何气泡,确保两个表面之间的紧密接触。样品安装卡的反面包含带有保护性剥离衬里的粘合剂层。除去这种衬里,用手压将样品安装卡层压到Tabor Abraser E-140-19样品支架上。若保护性衬里存在于贴饰的外表面上,则应小心地将其去除。在校准到所提供的暗标准(dark standard)后,使用微-TRI-光泽计(由BYK-Gardner Incorporated,Silver Spring,MD制造)在四个分别为60°和85°角的不同点处测量贴饰外露表面的初始光泽。记录平均和标准偏差。然后使用装有CS-10F轮和500克负载的Tabor 5130Abraser(由TELEDYNE TABER,North Tonawanda,NY制造)在100%真空下对贴饰的外露表面进行25周的磨损。磨损后,在校准到暗标准后,以上述60°和85°角测量贴饰磨损区域的表面的光泽。采用下述公式:(磨损后光泽/初始光泽)×100来计算光泽保留性(%)。在计算中采用初始光泽和磨损后光泽(它们都是没有单位的)的平均值。
去除性
在使用前,用异丙醇洗涤7.6厘米×11.4厘米×0.063厘米的铝试样(2024-T3,购自Q-Panel Lab Products)三次。用手将PSA剥离衬里已除去并且其尺寸比铝试样的尺寸大约2.54厘米的贴饰样品施加到干净的板上。用手向下摩擦贴饰,对过量的贴饰边缘进行修整。在70°F(21℃)和50%R.H.下对贴饰覆盖的试样调理至少72小时,之后进行测试。松开贴饰的边角,用拇指和食指以约135°角、约12英寸/分钟(30.5厘米/分钟)的速度将所述边角剥开。用肉眼检查新露出的试样表面是否存在粘合剂残余物。将“合格”级给予那些样品,即其中整个贴饰就象一整块一样被去除,并且用肉眼观察到留下5%或更少的粘合剂残余物区域。
膜硬度
按上述“去除性”中所述制备贴饰覆盖的试样。采用ASTM D3363-92a测量膜硬度。记录凿孔硬度,即使未割破的膜留下至少3毫米的笔划长度的最硬铅笔硬度。记录擦刮硬度,即不使膜破裂或擦伤的最硬铅笔硬度。将“不合格”定为那些不符合最软铅笔硬度要求(Kimberly 5256B,General PencilCompany,USA)的样品。即,“不合格”级是指膜太软,以致于不能达到此试验内的硬度级别。
铅笔的硬度表(Kimberly 525,General Pencil Company,USA)
6B | 5B | 4B | 3B | 2B | B | HB | F | H | 2H | 3H | 4H | 5H | 6H |
较软 | 较硬 |
耐烃流体性
此试验用于评价本发明的贴饰对用作飞行燃料的烃流体的耐受性。制备贴饰的试验样品,即冲压三个面积分别为2.85平方厘米的园盘,将它们浸在PhiljetA Aviation Fuel与PFA 55-MB的容器中,然后密封。剥离衬里留在粘合剂层上。在浸渍前,不密封贴饰园盘的外露边缘。在室温下浸渍14天后,取出各园盘,擦去过多的液体后,用镊子进行试验,以确定各边缘是否具有任何脱层的迹象。目视观察园盘,将那些沿整个边缘翘起的边缘小于5%的园盘定为“合格”。将边缘翘起大于5%,或有溶胀或卷曲迹象的园盘都定为“不合格”。(在某些情况下,剥离衬里从粘合剂层上脱层。这不是“不合格”的级别)。
耐液压液性
此试验用于评价本发明贴饰对阻燃液压液的耐受性。按上面“耐烃流体性”中所述的方法制备样品,对其进行评价,并作如下改动。用阻燃液压液57Skydrol 500B-4GL代替PhiljetA Aviation Fuel与PFA 55-MB,并且浸渍时间为30天。然后取出各园盘,擦去过多的液体后进行评价。
参考下述不受限制的实施例对本发明作更完整的理解。在测试方法和实施例中给出的所有尺寸都是标称尺寸。
实施例1
按下述方式制备本发明的贴饰。在4.0升玻璃瓶中将1550克丙烯酸异辛酯(IOA)、172克丙烯酸(AA)和0.7克IRGACURE 651光引发剂混合在一起,制得预混合丙烯酸浆料。给瓶盖上盖子,通过在盖子上的孔在混合物中通入氮气源。在用氮气吹扫10分钟后,使混合物轻轻地打旋,采用两盏15瓦的黑光灯泡(Sylvania Model F15T8/350BL)使其暴露在紫外光(UV)辐射下,直至用目测估计浆料的粘度达到约1000厘泊。然后停止氮气吹扫和辐射,在预混合浆料中加入3.1克二丙烯酸己二醇酯(HDDA)、3.0克2,4-双(三氯甲基)-6-(3,4-二甲氧基)苯基-s-三嗪(3,4-DMT)和3.4克IRGACURE 651,将混合物放入密封瓶中在滚筒上放置30分钟使它们溶解,获得最终的丙烯酸浆料。
将包含97%(w/w)透明DYNEON THV 500和3%(w/w)上过灰色颜料的DYNEON THV 200(此种上过颜料的材料由Americhem,Incorporated,Elgin,IL制造,使所得的灰色背衬的颜色符合Federal Standard 595B,#36320颜色的规格)的均匀粒料混合物加到挤出机中,制备灰色含氟聚合物背衬。使用螺杆直径为1.9厘米和模头宽度为20.3厘米的Haake挤出机并且采用165rpm的螺杆速度和1.8米/分钟的卷材速度,将均匀的混合物挤出到51μm厚的光滑聚酯载体卷材上达厚度为88.9μm+/-12μm。挤出机模头与载体的距离保持约1.9厘米。挤出机有三个段,在段1中温度设定为224℃,在段2中温度设定为243℃,和在段3中温度设定为246℃;模头温度设定为246℃。接着,用Acton Technologies,Inc.,Pittston,PA的FLUOROETCH法处理背衬的顶表面。
用台衬刮刀(knife-over-bed)涂布工作台将最终的丙烯酸浆料涂布到含氟聚合物背衬的蚀刻表面上。刀锁定在一个位置上,以保持比所用的含氟聚合物背衬和载体卷材的总厚度大76.2μm的固定间隙。然后使涂布有浆料的含氟聚合物背衬通过9.1米长的UV辐照室,使其固化,辐照室的顶部装有灯泡,灯泡的光谱输出为300纳米至400纳米,最大值在351纳米处。温度设定点为15.5℃,灯泡的强度设定为3.1毫瓦/平方厘米。该室用氮气连续地吹扫。通过涂布工作台和辐照室的卷材速度为4.6米/分钟,导致测得的总能量剂量为368毫焦耳/平方厘米(国家标准和技术研究院(NIST)单位)。在从粘合剂一侧辐照后,固化的粘合剂和背衬的最终总厚度约为139.7微米,这表明固化的粘合剂厚度约为50.8微米。然后将101.6微米的聚乙烯剥离衬里层压到粘合剂的外露一侧上。接着,除去聚酯载体卷材,用Acton Technologies,Inc.的FLUOROETCH法处理背衬的另一背面。
在约75°F(24℃)时,在1升玻璃瓶中将2份AWL Grip#2高固体聚氨酯光泽面漆(一种改性的聚酯树脂;产品型号:K系列-无铅,颜色与K-7129匹配,购自U.S.Paint Corporation,St.Louis,MO)和1份用于高固体面漆的Hi-Cat#85L/F转换漆(一种改性的聚异氰酸酯树脂;产品型号:K3002,购自U.S.Paint Corporation)混合,制备可固化的聚氨酯油漆涂料或油漆混合物。测量AWL Grip#2高固体聚氨酯光泽面漆(含羟基的组分)的当量为1.8毫当量/克。测量用于高固体面漆的Hi-Cat #85L/F转换漆(含异氰酸酯的组分)的当量为4.5毫当量/克。异氰酸酯∶羟基的化学计量比为1.47∶1.0。用台衬刮刀涂布工作台将可固化的聚氨酯油漆混合物涂布到与粘合剂涂布表面相反的蚀刻表面上。刀锁定在一个位置上,以保持比含氟聚合物背衬、固化粘合剂和剥离衬里的总厚度大101.6μm的固定间隙。然后,在约75°F(24℃)和30%的相对湿度下固化聚氨酯涂料5天。在使贴饰片固化后,聚氨酯面漆、含氟聚合物背衬、粘合剂和剥离衬里的总合并厚度为292.1微米,这表明固化的聚氨酯层厚度为50.8微米。如上所述评价所得的贴饰片。结果列于表1中。
对比例1
除了有下述改动外,重复实施例1。不使用聚氨酯油漆层。按上述方法评价所得贴饰的“贴合性”、“剥离粘合强度”、“去除性”和“膜硬度”。结果列于表1中。
对比例2
将90%(w/w)透明DYNEON THV 500和10%(w/w)专卖的上过蓝色颜料的DYNEON THV 200(制备并购自Penn Color,Incorporated,Hatfield,PA)的均匀混合物挤出,制备蓝色含氟聚合物背衬。使用螺杆直径为1.9厘米和模头宽度为20.3厘米的Haake挤出机并且采用165rpm的螺杆速度和1.8米/分钟的卷材速度,将DYNEON THV 500和上过颜料的DYNEON THV 200的均匀混合物挤出到127μm厚的聚酯载体卷材(购自Tekra Corporation,New Berlin,WI的TEKRA型561透明PET膜)上达厚度为101.6μm+/-12μm。挤出机模头与载体的距离保持约1.9厘米。挤出机有三个段,在段1中温度设定为224℃,在段2中温度设定为243℃,和在段3中温度设定为246℃;模头温度设定为246℃。接着,用Acton Technologies,Inc.的FLUOROETCH法处理背衬的顶表面。将按实施例1所述制得的最终丙烯酸浆料涂布到含氟聚合物背衬的蚀刻表面上,然后按实施例1所述进行辐照,在处理过的背衬表面上形成固化的粘合剂层。然后除去聚酯载体卷材,使用购自Hunterlab,Reston,VA的装有通用软件的Hunterlab Ultrascan SE比色计,按ASTM D 2244-93中所述测量外露背衬表面上的挤出含氟聚合物背衬的颜色。挤出背衬的颜色具有下述颜色参数:L*=22.35,a*=-0.55,和b*=-6.29。按上述方法评价这样获得的贴饰的“贴合性”、“光泽保留性”、“去除性”和“膜硬度”。结果列于表1中。
对比例3
除了下述改动外,重复实施例1。将最终的丙烯酸浆料涂布到101.6微米聚乙烯剥离衬里上,固化。除了不进行FLUOROETCH处理外,将可固化的聚氨酯油漆混合物涂布到按实施例1所述制得的灰色含氟聚合物背衬上。然后,在约75°F(22℃)和30%的相对湿度下固化可固化的聚氨酯油漆层5天。接着,将带有粘合剂的剥离衬里放在固化聚氨酯涂料的外露表面上,使粘合剂与涂料接触。剥离衬里、粘合剂、聚氨酯油漆层和含氟聚合物背衬的最终总厚度为292.1微米,这表明固化的聚氨酯层厚度为50.8微米。然后小心地除去含氟聚合物背衬,获得一种固化的聚氨酯油漆膜,在其一个面上含有一层丙烯酸类压敏粘合剂,并且在粘合剂上有一保护性剥离衬里。在除去剥离衬里后,按上述方法评价这种结构体的“贴合性”、“剥离粘合强度”、“去除性”和“膜硬度”。结果列于表1中。
表1
测试方法 | 实施例1 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | 对比例3 |
贴合性(合格/不合格) | 合格 | 合格 | 合格 | 不合格 |
剥离粘合方法“A”(牛顿/100毫米) | 175.1 | 85.8 | N.D. | 82.3* |
剥离粘合方法“B”(牛顿/100毫米) | 490.8 | 378.2 | N.D. | 136.1 |
初始光泽60°角85°角 | 94.5±0.798.2±1.5 | N.D.N.D. | 62.9±0.294.7±1.1 | N.D.N.D. |
磨损后光泽60°角85°角 | 44.5±9.468.8±4.5 | N.D.N.D. | 5.2±0.324.7±5.8 | N.D.N.D. |
光泽保留性60°角85°角 | 47.0%70.1% | N.D.N.D. | 8.3%26.1% | N.D.N.D. |
去除性(合格/不合格) | 合格 | 合格 | 合格 | 不合格 |
膜硬度凿孔硬度擦刮硬度 | 5B5B | 不合格不合格 | 不合格不合格 | 6B6B |
N.D.=无法测定
*=样品破裂
实施例2
除了不进行FLUOROETCH处理外,将实施例1可固化的聚氨酯油漆混合物涂布到按实施例1所述制得的灰色含氟聚合物背衬上。然后,在约75°F(24℃)和30%的相对湿度下固化可固化的聚氨酯油漆层5天。然后小心地除去含氟聚合物背衬,获得固化的聚氨酯油漆膜。从固化的聚氨酯油漆膜上切割下5.3厘米(纵向卷材尺寸)×22.5厘米(横向卷材)的样品,沿样品横向方向的中心处每隔1.2厘米测量厚度,总共测量18次。使用购自MitutoyoCorporation,Minato-ku,Tokyo,Japan的Mitutoyo Digimatic指示器测量厚度,所述指示器装有购自L.S.Starrett Company,Athol,MA的符合U.S.联邦规格GGG-P-463C的StarrettAA晶体粉红色花岗岩表面板。平均厚度为52.1μm±1.5μm。
实施例3
除了下述改动外,重复实施例1。在约75°F(24℃)时,在1升玻璃瓶中将2份AWL Grip#2高固体聚氨酯光泽面漆、1份用于高固体面漆的Hi-Cat#85L/F转换漆和800ppm FASCATTM 4202催化剂(购自Atochem NorthAmerica,Philadelphia,PA)混合,制备可固化的聚氨酯涂料或油漆混合物。催化剂的量是以“聚氨酯光泽面漆”和“用于高固体面漆的转换漆”组分的总重量为基准计的。按上述实施例1所述评价所得的贴饰。结果列于表2中。
实施例4
除了下述改动外,重复实施例1。在约75°F(24℃)时,在1升玻璃瓶中将2份DESOTHANE HS CA 8000基料和1份DESOTHANE HS CA 8000B活化剂(两者都购自PRC-DeSoto International,Inc.,PPG Industries Company,Indianapolis,IN)与500ppm FASCATTM 4202催化剂混合,制备可固化的聚氨酯涂料或油漆混合物。催化剂的量是以“基料”和“活化剂”组分的总重量为基准计的。测量DESOTHANE HS CA 8000基料(含羟基的组分)的当量为1.2毫当量/克。测量DESOTHANE HS CA 8000B活化剂(含异氰酸酯的组分)的当量为4.5毫当量/克。异氰酸酯∶羟基的化学计量比为2.08∶1.0。按上述实施例1所述评价所得的贴饰。结果列于表2中。
实施例5
除了下述改动外,重复实施例3。在约75°F(24℃)时,在3.8升罐中使用100ppm催化剂制备可固化的聚氨酯涂料或油漆混合物。使用辊对辊法中的辊衬刮刀涂布工作台,将可固化的聚氨酯油漆混合物涂布到与粘合剂涂布表面相反的背衬的蚀刻表面上。然后使可固化的聚氨酯涂布的背衬通过四区烘箱。各区的设定点如下:区1(4.6米长)=100°F(38℃);区2(4.6米长)=160°F(71℃);区3(4.6米长)=220°F(105℃);和区4(9.1米长)=225°F(107℃)。这些设定提供的实际区温分别约为100°F(38℃)、152°F(67℃)、212°F(100℃)和238°F(114℃)。刀锁定在一个位置上,以保持比含氟聚合物背衬、固化粘合剂和剥离衬里的总厚度大152.5μm的固定间隙。涂布和固化过程的线速度为1.83米/分钟。聚氨酯涂料被认为是充分固化的,使所得的贴饰卷绕成卷筒的形式,其中聚乙烯保护性片在固化聚氨酯涂层上。固化后,聚氨酯面漆、含氟聚合物背衬、粘合剂和剥离衬里的总合并厚度为294.6微米±5.1微米,这表明固化的聚氨酯层厚度约为75微米。按上述实施例1所述评价所得的贴饰,并有下述改动。在涂布和固化后即刻,并在约75°F(24℃)和30%的相对湿度下以卷筒形式贮藏14天后,测量“凿孔硬度”。结果列于表2中。
实施例6
除了下述改动外,重复实施例4。不使用FASCATTM4202催化剂。如下表2和3所示评价所得的贴饰。
表2
测试方法 | 实施例1 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 | |
贴合性(合格/不合格) | 合格 | 合格 | 合格 | 合格 | 合格 | |
剥离粘合方法“A”(牛顿/100毫米) | 175.1 | N.D. | N.D. | 163.2 | N.D. | |
剥离粘合方法“B”(牛顿/100毫米) | 490.8 | N.D. | N.D. | 194.8 | N.D. | |
初始光泽60°角85°角 | 94.5±0.798.2±1.5 | 76.6±0.688.1±0.7 | 72.0±0.589.9±0.6 | 87.1±0.198.5±3.8 | 93.4±0.497.5±2.9 | |
磨损后光泽60°角85°角 | 44.5±9.468.8±4.5 | 23.0±1.264.7±0.8 | 41.1±1.673.8±1.6 | 36.7±5.283.5±1.8 | 54.7±1.080.3±0.3 | |
光泽保留性60°角85°角 | 47.0%70.1% | 30.0%73.4% | 57.1%82.1% | 42.1%84.8% | 58.6%82.4% | |
去除性(合格/不合格) | 合格 | 合格 | 合格 | 合格 | 合格 | |
膜硬度凿孔硬度擦刮硬度 | 5B5B | 6B6B | 6B6B | 5B*5B* | 6B6B |
N.D.=无法测定
*=如实施例5所述初始和5天后获得的硬度值
实施例7
除了下述改动外,重复实施例6。采用基料:活化剂的重量比为2.0∶0.75。这使异氰酸酯∶羟基的化学计量比为1.56∶1.0。如上所述评价所得贴饰的贴合性、初始光泽、磨损后光泽、光泽保留性、去除性、膜硬度和耐流体性。结果列于表3中。
实施例8
除了下述改动外,重复实施例6。采用基料∶活化剂的重量比为2.0∶0.50。这使异氰酸酯∶羟基的化学计量比为1.04∶1.0。如上所述评价所得贴饰的贴合性、初始光泽、磨损后光泽、光泽保留性、去除性、膜硬度和耐流体性。结果列于表3中。
实施例9
除了下述改动外,重复实施例6。采用基料∶活化剂的重量比为2.0∶0.25。这使异氰酸酯∶羟基的化学计量比为0.52∶1.0。如上所述评价所得贴饰的贴合性、初始光泽、磨损后光泽、光泽保留性、去除性、膜硬度和耐流体性。结果列于表3中。
表3
测试方法 | 实施例6 | 实施例7 | 实施例8 | 实施例9 |
化学计量比(NCO∶OH) | 2.08∶1.0 | 1.56∶1.0 | 1.04∶1.0 | 0.52∶1.0 |
贴合性(合格/不合格) | 合格 | 合格 | 合格 | 合格 |
初始光泽60°角85°角 | 93.4±0.497.5±2.9 | 92.8±3.196.5±1.5 | 91.8±0.297.3±1.3 | 89.6±1.093.3±1.4 |
磨损后光泽60°角85°角 | 54.7±1.080.3±0.3 | 42.5±7.380.6±6.3 | 72.7±7.683.2±1.1 | 38.3±1.363.1±0.1 |
光泽保留性60°角85°角 | 58.6%82.4% | 45.8%83.5% | 79.2%85.5% | 42.8%67.6% |
去除性(合格/不合格) | 合格 | 合格 | 合格 | 合格 |
膜硬度凿孔硬度擦刮硬度 | 6B6B | 6B6B | 6B6B | 不合格不合格 |
耐烃流体性(合格/不合格) | 合格 | 合格 | 合格 | 合格 |
耐液压液性(合格/不合格) | 合格 | 合格 | 合格 | 不合格 |
在不偏离本发明的范围和精神的情况下,本发明的各种改进和改变对本领域的技术熟练者来说是显而易见的。本发明不应局限于在此为例举目的而描述的内容。
Claims (16)
1.一种贴饰,它包含:
具有两个处理表面的含氟化聚合物的背衬,在一个处理表面上的粘合剂层和在另一个处理表面上的固化聚氨酯涂层。
2.如权利要求1所述的贴饰,其中氟化聚合物是未全氟化的。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的贴饰,其中固化聚氨酯涂层还包含着色剂。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的贴饰,其中粘合剂是压敏粘合剂。
5.如权利要求4所述的贴饰,其中粘合剂包含丙烯酸酯共聚物。
6.如权利要求5所述的贴饰,其中丙烯酸酯共聚物包含共聚合的单体,所述单体包含至少一种单官能(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体和至少一种单官能可自由基共聚合的含酸增强单体,所述增强单体的均聚物的玻璃化转变温度高于(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯均聚物的玻璃化转变温度。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的贴饰,其中按与贴饰表面成60°角测量贴饰的光泽保留性为大于或等于10%,按与光泽和半光泽表面的贴饰表面成85°角测量贴饰的光泽保留性为大于或等于30%。
8.如权利要求7所述的贴饰,其中当与贴饰表面成60°角进行测量时,贴饰的初始光泽至少为35。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的贴饰,其中在固化前,固化聚氨酯涂层中异氰酸酯当量:羟基当量的化学计量比为2.1∶1-0.5∶1。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的贴饰,其中采用电晕处理、化学蚀刻或用底漆对背衬进行处理。
11.如权利要求9所述的贴饰,其中固化聚氨酯涂层包含催化剂。
12.如权利要求1或2所述的贴饰,它粘合到基材上。
13.如权利要求12所述的贴饰,其中基材包含铝表面。
14.如权利要求1或2所述的贴饰,其中在室温下,在施加到铝基材上并在室温下浸在烃流体中14天之后,贴饰的剥离强度至少为30N/100mm。
15.如权利要求14所述的贴饰,其中在室温下,在施加到铝基材上并在室温下浸在磷酸酯液压液中30天之后,贴饰的剥离强度至少为25N/100mm。
16.一种飞机,它包含外表面和在其外表面上的贴饰,其中贴饰包含权利要求1所述的贴饰。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US16799199P | 1999-11-30 | 1999-11-30 | |
US60/167,991 | 1999-11-30 | ||
US19291400P | 2000-03-29 | 2000-03-29 | |
US60/192,914 | 2000-03-29 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1420919A CN1420919A (zh) | 2003-05-28 |
CN1231552C true CN1231552C (zh) | 2005-12-14 |
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CNB008181446A Expired - Lifetime CN1231552C (zh) | 1999-11-30 | 2000-11-30 | 改进的油漆替代品贴饰和含它的飞机 |
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US (1) | US6475616B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1246882B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4763204B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20020075375A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1231552C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU5074401A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0015985B1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60022782T2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2001045933A2 (zh) |
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2000
- 2000-11-29 US US09/725,404 patent/US6475616B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-30 WO PCT/US2000/032588 patent/WO2001045933A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-11-30 AU AU50744/01A patent/AU5074401A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-11-30 JP JP2001546459A patent/JP4763204B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-11-30 KR KR1020027006848A patent/KR20020075375A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-11-30 DE DE2000622782 patent/DE60022782T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-30 CN CNB008181446A patent/CN1231552C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-30 EP EP20000993075 patent/EP1246882B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-30 BR BRPI0015985-9A patent/BR0015985B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1246882B1 (en) | 2005-09-21 |
BR0015985A (pt) | 2002-07-23 |
CN1420919A (zh) | 2003-05-28 |
JP4763204B2 (ja) | 2011-08-31 |
DE60022782D1 (de) | 2006-02-02 |
WO2001045933A2 (en) | 2001-06-28 |
WO2001045933A3 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
KR20020075375A (ko) | 2002-10-04 |
AU5074401A (en) | 2001-07-03 |
US6475616B1 (en) | 2002-11-05 |
DE60022782T2 (de) | 2006-06-22 |
BR0015985B1 (pt) | 2009-08-11 |
EP1246882A2 (en) | 2002-10-09 |
JP2003518149A (ja) | 2003-06-03 |
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