CN1225975C - 含有丁醚脲和阿维菌素的杀虫杀螨的组合物 - Google Patents
含有丁醚脲和阿维菌素的杀虫杀螨的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
该发明涉及一种农药组合物，由丁醚脲和阿维菌素组成，用于防治农业上的害虫及害螨。尤其适合用于防治对阿维菌素等成分产生抗性的二斑叶螨、朱砂叶螨及小菜蛾。
Description
技术领域
该发明涉及的农药组合物，是以丁醚脲与阿维菌素为有效成分，防治农业上的害虫及害螨。
技术背景
丁醚脲，是一种硫脲类杀虫杀螨剂，用于防治农业上重要的害螨如二斑叶螨、朱砂叶螨等，防治重要的害虫如小菜蛾、菜青虫、斜纹夜蛾、蚜虫等。实践证明，该成分不仅防治效果好，而且对环境友好。
阿维菌素，也是一种常见的对环境友好的杀虫杀螨剂。是一种大环内酯类抗生素，是放线菌的提取物，共有16种异构体。用作杀虫杀螨剂的活性成分主要是其中的Avermectin B1a和Avermectin B1b，前者又更为重要。在农业上，阿维菌素是防治害螨如二斑叶螨、朱砂叶螨等和害虫如小菜蛾、斑潜蝇的重要品种。
然而，在农业生产的实际过程中，防治害虫最容易产生的问题是害虫抗药性的产生。农业上重要的害螨由于其繁殖周期短，繁殖量大，移动性小，自交程度高，特别容易产生抗性。
小菜蛾也是一种常见的害虫，主要危害十字花科蔬菜，常造成毁灭性灾害。尤其在南方区域，小菜蛾全年发生。在有些严重的区域，常规农药成分如拟除虫菊酯中的氰戊菊酯、有机磷中的辛硫磷、氨基甲酸酯类的灭多威等，单独防治已经几乎没有任何效果了。
对于防治农业上产生抗性的害虫，一种办法是推出新的与现有品种无交互抗性的新成分。但是，新的有效成分的开发成本高，开发周期长，而且永远都比不上害虫产生抗性的速度。其他的方法如作物布局调整、不同农药轮换等，在实际操作的过程中，很难真正起到明显的效果。
不同品种的成分进行复配，是防治抗性害虫或害螨很常见的办法。不同成分进行复配，根据实际应用的效果，来判断某种复配是增效、加和还是拮抗。绝大多数情况下，农药的复配效果都是加和效应，真正有增效作用的复配很少，尤其是增效作用非常明显、共毒系数很高的复配就更少了。现在，在农药的复配研究中，还无法对复配后增效、加和还是拮抗进行预测，也不能对结果进行理论上的解释。
发明内容
为了防治农业上产生抗性的小菜蛾，红蜘蛛，我们以丁醚脲、阿维菌素、溴虫腈等成分进行了相互复配的增效研究。试验采用田间的小菜蛾、二斑叶螨、朱砂叶螨为测试对象，并与室内饲养的敏感品系作对照，具体方法为：
1)小菜蛾 试验药剂为厂家提供原药，由诺普信公司研究部配制成需要的制剂。试虫为采自田间的小菜蛾蛹，室内饲养一代，挑选生长均匀一至的三龄幼虫，接入置放白菜叶片(黑叶白菜，最外层叶片)的直径9厘米的培养皿，每皿接30头，每处理接三个皿，用POTT喷雾塔在50PSI压力下喷雾，每次喷一个皿，每皿喷药液3毫升。一般每个处理设置6-7个浓度梯度。处理过的培养皿放入25℃，12H/12H光照培养箱内培养，48小时检查存活虫数，计算虫口减退率。空白对照喷等量清水，对照的敏感试虫为实验室室内常年饲养，未经任何药剂处理，龄期与上述试虫一致。用最小二乘法计算毒力方程和致死中浓度LC50，依孙云沛法计算药剂的毒力指数及混用的共毒系数(CTC值)，CTC值大于100的为增效作用，等于100为加和作用，小于100为拮抗作用。
2)二斑叶螨 试验药剂为厂家提供原药，由诺普信公司研究部配制成需要的制剂。试虫为采自田间的二斑叶螨雌成螨，经过室内饲养，挑选生长均匀一致的成螨，接入置放苹果叶片(红富士苹果，当年新发的成型叶片)的直径9厘米的培养皿，每皿接30头，每处理接三个皿，用POTT喷雾塔在50PSI压力下喷雾，每次喷一个皿，每皿喷药液3毫升。空白对照喷等量清水，对照的敏感试虫为实验室室内常年饲养，未经任何药剂处理，龄期与上述试虫一致。一般每个处理设置6-7个浓度梯度。处理过的培养皿放入25℃，12H/12H光照培养箱内培养，48小时检查存活虫数，计算虫口减退率。统计方法同上。
3)朱砂叶螨 试验药剂为厂家提供原药，由诺普信公司研究部配制成需要的制剂。试虫为采自田间的朱砂叶螨雌成螨，经过室内饲养，挑选生长均匀一致的成螨，接入置放棉花叶片的直径9厘米的培养皿，每皿接30头，每处理接三个皿，用POTT喷雾塔在50PSI压力下喷雾，每次喷一个皿，每皿喷药液3毫升。空白对照喷等量清水，对照的敏感试虫为实验室室内常年饲养，未经任何药剂处理，龄期与上述试虫一致。一般每个处理设置6-7个浓度梯度。处理过的培养皿放入25℃，12H/12H光照培养箱内培养，48小时检查存活虫数，计算虫口减退率。统计方法同上。
4)对小菜蛾、二斑叶螨、朱砂叶螨的测定结果分别见表1、表2、表3。R表示抗性试虫。S表示敏感试虫。
表1不同处理对小菜蛾的毒力测定结果
| 处理 | LC50(PPM) | 抗性指数 | 共毒系数 |
| 丁醚脲10+阿维菌素1(S) | 3.5 | 94.7 | |
| 丁醚脲15+阿维菌素1(S) | 4.9 | 91.9 | |
| 丁醚脲20+阿维菌素1(S) | 5.4 | 103.1 | |
| 丁醚脲25+阿维菌素1(S) | 7.2 | 91.1 | |
| 丁醚脲30+阿维菌素1(S) | 6.9 | 108.2 | |
| 丁醚脲10+阿维菌素1(R) | 6.7 | 365.0 | |
| 丁醚脲15+阿维菌素1(R) | 7.5 | 334.3 | |
| 丁醚脲20+阿维菌素1(R) | 6.9 | 368.4 | |
| 丁醚脲25+阿维菌素1(R) | 9.0 | 285.1 | |
| 丁醚脲30+阿维菌素1(R) | 9.2 | 279.3 | |
| 阿维菌素(S) | 0.3 | ||
| 丁醚脲(S) | 25.3 | - | |
| 阿维菌素(R) | 14.9 | 50 | |
| 丁醚脲(R) | 26.3 | - | |
| 氰戊菊酯(R) | 317.2 | 167 | |
| 氰戊菊酯(S) | 1.9 | ||
| 丁醚脲0.25+氰戊菊酯1(R) | 94.8 | 104.1 | |
| 丁醚脲0.5+氰戊菊酯1(R) | 56.3 | 120.2 | |
| 丁醚脲1+氰戊菊酯1(R) | 47.5 | 102.1 | |
| 丁醚脲1.5+氰戊菊酯1(R) | 35.8 | 115.9 | |
| 丁醚脲2.0+氰戊菊酯1(R) | 30.6 | 123.6 | |
| 丁醚脲0.25+氰戊菊酯1(S) | 2.1 | 110.8 | |
| 丁醚脲0.5+氰戊菊酯1(S) | 2.6 | 102.8 | |
| 丁醚脲1+氰戊菊酯1(S) | 3.0 | 117.9 | |
| 丁醚脲1.5+氰戊菊酯1(S) | 4.0 | 105.4 | |
| 丁醚脲2.0+氰戊菊酯1(S) | 4.3 | 113.9 |
表2不同处理对二斑叶螨的毒力测定结果
| 处理 | LC50(PPM) | 抗性指数 | 共毒系数 |
| 丁醚脲104+阿维菌素1(S) | 1.40 | 108.2 | |
| 丁醚脲15+阿维菌素1(S) | 1.93 | 110.3 | |
| 丁醚脲20+阿维菌素1(S) | 2.62 | 102.4 | |
| 丁醚脲25+阿维菌素1(S) | 3.29 | 97.6 | |
| 丁醚脲30+阿维菌素1(S) | 3.96 | 93.2 | |
| 丁醚脲10+阿维菌素1(R) | 3.27 | 439.2 | |
| 丁醚脲15+阿维菌素1(R) | 3.14 | 456.1 | |
| 丁醚脲20+阿维菌素1(R) | 2.49 | 572.9 |
| 丁醚脲25+阿维菌素1(R) | 3.70 | 385.3 | |
| 丁醚脲30+阿维菌素1(R) | 3.58 | 397.8 | |
| 阿维菌素(S) | 0.15 | ||
| 丁醚脲(S) | 17.4 | ||
| 阿维菌素(R) | 16.3 | 108 | |
| 丁醚脲(R) | 14.2 | - |
表3不同处理对朱砂叶螨的毒力测定结果
| 处理 | LC50(PPM) | 抗性指数 | 共毒系数 |
| 丁醚脲10+阿维菌素1(S) | 1.26 | 98.0 | |
| 丁醚脲15+阿维菌素1(S) | 1.61 | 107.5 | |
| 丁醚脲20+阿维菌素1(S) | 2.19 | 100.7 | |
| 丁醚脲25+阿维菌素1(S) | 2.21 | 120.1 | |
| 丁醚脲30+阿维菌素1(S) | 2.36 | 130.0 | |
| 丁醚脲10+阿维菌素1(R) | 3.22 | 432.9 | |
| 丁醚脲15+阿维菌素1(R) | 2.77 | 502.3 | |
| 丁醚脲20+阿维菌素1(R) | 2.92 | 476.5 | |
| 丁醚脲25+阿维菌素1(R) | 2.73 | 510.2 | |
| 丁醚脲30+阿维菌素1(R) | 3.52 | 395.7 | |
| 阿维菌素(S) | 0.12 | ||
| 丁醚脲(S) | 16.9 | ||
| 阿维菌素(R) | 14.5 | 120 | |
| 丁醚脲(R) | 13.9 | - |
从表1中看出，丁醚脲与阿维菌素复配，对阿维菌素和氰戊菊酯产生抗性的小菜蛾有很高的增效作用，与氰戊菊酯复配，没有明显的增效。两种复配方式对敏感的试虫都没有增效作用。
从表2中看出，丁醚脲与阿维菌素复配，对对阿维菌素产生抗性的二斑叶螨有很高的增效作用，两种药剂复配，对敏感的试虫都没有增效作用。
从表3中看出，丁醚脲与阿维菌素复配，对对阿维菌素产生抗性的朱砂叶螨有很高的增效作用，两种药剂复配，对敏感的试虫都没有增效作用。
具体实施方式
应用实例一：小菜蛾
按阿维菌素重量百分比(除非特别说明，均指重量百分比，下同)0.3％，丁醚脲10％，乳化剂1601(金陵石化二厂)8％，乳化剂500#(金陵石化二厂)6％，余量为二甲苯，配制成乳油。该配方按1000倍稀释喷雾，药后72小时防治效果为95.7％，1.8％阿维菌素乳油和15％丁醚脲乳油按照同样方法使用，药后72小时防效分别为43.2％和67.0％。
应用实例二：二斑叶螨
按阿维菌素0.3％，丁醚脲10％，乳化剂1601(金陵石化二厂)8％，乳化剂500#(金陵石化二厂)6％，余量为二甲苯，配制成乳油。该配方按3000倍稀释喷雾，药后72小时防治效果为100％，1.8％阿维菌素乳油和15％丁醚脲乳油按照同样方法使用，药后72小时防效分别为83.2％和46.0％。
应用实例三：朱砂叶螨
按阿维菌素0.3％，丁醚脲10％，乳化剂1601(金陵石化二厂)8％，乳化剂500#(金陵石化二厂)6％，余量为二甲苯，配制成乳油。该配方按3000倍稀释喷雾，药后72小时防治效果为99.0％，1.8％阿维菌素乳油和15％丁醚脲乳油按照同样方法使用，药后72小时防效分别为81.2％和56.5％。
Claims (4)
1、一种农药组合物，有效成分由丁醚脲和阿维菌素组成，丁醚脲与阿维菌素的比例在500∶1～1∶1(重量比)之间。
2、权利要求1中提及的阿维菌素，由avermectin B1a和Avermectin B1b，或其中任意一种成分组成。
3、权利要求1中提及的组合物，可以制成不同的应用剂型：乳油，悬浮剂，可湿性粉剂。
4、权利要求1中提及的组合物，丁醚脲与阿维菌素二者累积的含量在1％～99％(重量百分比)之间。
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| CN101176465B (zh) * | 2005-08-26 | 2010-06-02 | 沈阳化工研究院 | 杀虫、杀螨剂组合物 |
| CN100399900C (zh) * | 2006-09-19 | 2008-07-09 | 东莞市农业科学研究中心 | 一种含阿维菌素和丁醚脲的农药组合物及其应用 |
| CN101731251B (zh) * | 2010-01-21 | 2013-11-06 | 广西田园生化股份有限公司 | 阿维菌素与丁醚脲二元组合物静电油剂 |
| CN106879624A (zh) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-06-23 | 安徽省益农化工有限公司 | 一种除草杀虫剂 |
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