CN1223344C - Parasiticides for farmed fish - Google Patents

Abstract

Parasiticides containing as the active ingredient at least one component selected from among methyl pyruvate, propyl pyruvate and butyl pyruvate with which parasites can be safely exterminated from farmed fish without loading any stress and the survival ratio and growth rate of the farmed fish can be improved.

Description

Parasiticides for farmed fish

technical field

The invention relates to a parasiticide used for killing parasites parasitic on cultured fish.

Background technique

、海乌舫、金枪鱼、鲉、金枪鱼、豚鱼和绿鳍马面鲀、鳗鱼、鲑鱼、樱桃鲑、香鱼、鲤鱼、有色鲤鱼、金鱼、鲫鱼、泥鳅、鲶鱼、罗非鱼、银汉鱼、软壳海龟等生长迟缓、食欲减退继而生命衰竭，因而导致商业价值的降低。Farmed fish parasitic with parasites such as pufferfish (puffer fish), small yellow stripe , black rock fish, flat fish (flounder, turbot), yellow stripe

, sea urchin, tuna, scorpionfish, tuna, porpoise and green fin fish, eel, salmon, cherry salmon, sweetfish, carp, colored carp, goldfish, crucian carp, loach, catfish, tilapia, silver han fish, Slow growth, loss of appetite, and subsequent life failure, such as in soft-shell turtles, lead to a reduction in commercial value.

The parasites are mainly ectoparasites such as Benedenia species, Neobenedenia species, Caligus species and Lepeophtheirus species or Gyrodactylus species, Heteraxine species and Heterobothrim species. Benedenia genus species, etc. attach or adhere to the skin of the fish, biting the epithelial cells or pigment cells of the fish. Heteraxine species, etc. parasitize on the gill lobes of fish, and play a direct pathological role in anemia. The result is that the gills of the fish turn gray and the fish lose their appetite and become weak and, in severe cases, die.

As measures for exterminating these parasites, methods such as subjecting fish to fresh water baths, concentrated salt water baths, and medicinal baths have been reported. These methods involve placing the fish in stagnant water once it is caught and then disposing of it.

The freshwater bath method is poorly operable due to the difficulty of providing and transporting large quantities of freshwater. Also, brine baths cannot be used due to the risk of dehydration of the fish and the large amounts of sodium chloride required. Therefore, the medicated bath method utilizing formalin is usually adopted. However, in the method using formalin, although the effect of exterminating parasites is great, there is a problem that the toxicity of formalin is high.

Formalin was used every 10 days at a concentration of 1000 to 2000 ppm. This is equivalent to about 1,000kg of fish used in each fish pond a year. Due to the large amount of formalin with poor degradability being dispersed into seawater, it has a great impact on seawater fish and crustaceans near fish farms. Recently, there has been an accident that a large amount of formalin is accumulated in the cultured pearl oysters, resulting in the death of a large number of pearl oysters. Currently, the use of formalin in fish farming is prohibited.

Formalin irritates the mucous membranes of human respiratory organs and can cause death in humans at the presence of 0.5 mg in 1 L of air. Therefore, formalin is a very dangerous compound to handle. Thereby need to develop a kind of medicated bath medicine, this medicine is safe to human body and the degradability in seawater is very strong, and can not remain.

An object of the present invention is to provide a parasiticide for cultured fish, which has a strong degradability in water and will not remain in the organism, so it is very safe. The drug has a strong effect and can improve the survival rate and growth rate.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above existing problems, the present inventors conducted intensive research and found that parasites can be exterminated by immersing farmed fish in a treatment solution containing ethyl pyruvate having strong degradability as an active ingredient. However, it was also found that when medicated baths were performed in fish farms using ethyl pyruvate, Monocular Dongfang panted frequently and bit each other due to nervousness.

Generally, when medicated bathing is performed in a fish farm, from the standpoint of operability and cost, since such a large number of fish as 3000 to 5000 are placed in a pond containing 5 to 10 tons of water, the fish are overcrowded and pass through Drugs are added for treatment, so during the medicated bath, too much pressure is put on the fish. Therefore, usually when breeding Monocular orientalis, in most cases bacteria enter the body through wounds and cause disease, so regular tooth removal is required so that the fish suffers as little damage as possible, even if bitten, it will not hurt too much. big.

For this reason, the present inventors conducted research on dipping medicines, which do not generate pressure even during dipping so that fish swim leisurely without biting each other, and found that they contain A parasiticide as an active ingredient of at least one of methyl ester, propyl pyruvate, and butyl pyruvate can safely exterminate parasites without stressing farmed fish, thus completing the present invention.

That is, the present invention is characterized by (1) and (2).

(1) The parasiticide for farmed fish contains at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl pyruvate, propyl pyruvate and butyl pyruvate as an active ingredient.

(2) A method of exterminating parasites comprising using the parasiticide for farmed fish described in (1) above at a concentration of 50 to 1000 ppm during the treatment.

By using the parasiticide of the present invention, the dipping method can be performed safely without stressing the cultured fish during the dipping process.

The best way to carry out the invention

The parasiticide of the present invention can be used for any sea fish and fresh water fish, for example, sea fish are such as monocular oriental (puffer fish), small yellow stripe, black rock fish, flat fish (flounder, turbot), yellow stripe, Haiwufang, tuna, tuna, porpoise and green fin horse noodles, freshwater fish are such as eel, salmon, salmon, cherry salmon, sweetfish, carp, colored carp, goldfish, crucian carp, loach, catfish, tilapia, Silver Hanfish, Soft Shell Turtle. Examples of parasites to be eradicated by the present invention include the following:

Parasites such as Benedenia seriolae, Heteraxineheterocerca and Caligus spinosus for yellow stripes, Bivaginatai, Philometra lateolabracis, Longicollum pagrosomi and Rhexanella verrucosa for red sea bream, Cryptocarion irritans, Anoplodiscus spari and Alella macrotrachelus, Parasites of striped perch are such as Benedenia hoshinai, parasites of flatfish are species such as lchthyobodo genus, Cryptocaryon irritans, Trichodina, parasites of monocular oriental are such as Trichodina, Gyroductylus, Heterobothrium tetrodonis, Kudoapericardialis and Boloceroides mcmurrich, sea bass Parasites such as Septemcapsula yasunagai, parasites such as Microcotyle sebastisci, parasites of leather such as Neobenedeniella congeri, parasites of eels such as Pleistophora anguillarum, Myxidium matsui, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Pseudodactyrus bini, salmon Diplostomumla genus species, Anguillps Parasites of the family are such as Microsporidium takenai, Myxobolus genus species, Ichthyobodo necator, Chilodonella piscicola, Trichodina genus species, Gyrodoctylus masu, Tetraonchus awakurai, Acanthocephalus genus species, Lepeophtheirus salmonin, Salmincola genus species, Argulus coregoni, Rocinelaritga syringae maculate,鱼的寄生虫是诸如Glugea plecoglossi，Gyrodactylus japonicus，Gyrodactylus tominagai，Gyrodactylus  plecoglossl，Pseudergasiluszacconis，鲤鱼和有色鲤鱼的寄生虫是诸如Thelohanellus kitauei，Myxobolus属物种nakai，Chilodonella piscicola，Trichodina，Dactylogyrus extensus，Dactylogyrus minutus，Gyrodactyluskherulensis， The parasites of Gyrodactylus sprostonae, Philometroides cyprini, goldfish and crucian carp are such as Hoferellus carassii, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Clinostomum complanatum, Lernaea cyprinacea, Argurus japonicus, the parasites of loach are such as Clinostomum ult complanatum, and the parasites of non-catfish are such as Ichthyus mphiriphis Parasites of the genus Fish are such as Trichodina.

Pyruvate esters have poor compatibility with water, but methyl pyruvate has good solubility in water. Therefore, methyl pyruvate is the most preferred of the three pyruvate esters.

On the other hand, since propyl pyruvate and butyl pyruvate have strong insecticidal effects, it is possible to obtain both strong action and compatibility by mixing methyl pyruvate with propyl pyruvate and/or butyl pyruvate. Good preparation.

During the dipping process, the concentration of the parasiticide pyruvates of the present invention is preferably 50 to 1000 ppm. If the concentration is lower than 50 ppm, the effect is insufficient. However, if the concentration exceeds 1000ppm, the phenomenon of mutual biting of farmed fish will occur.

A sufficient treatment time is 10 minutes or longer.

Since the parasiticide of the present invention is quickly hydrolyzed into pyruvic acid and ethanol in water, and finally converted into carbon dioxide and water, even if the treatment is carried out for a long time, the cultured fish will not have drug diseases. In addition, the parasiticide of the present invention is a substance having high environmental safety.

When the parasiticide of the present invention is used repeatedly for a long time periodically, the survival rate and growth rate of cultured fish can be improved.

Ethyl pyruvate in pyruvate has no direct toxicity to fish, but in the process of using ethyl pyruvate for medicated baths, bacteria enter the fish through the bite wound due to mutual bites, resulting in bacterial infection resulting in the death of fish. On the contrary, methylpyruvate, propylpyruvate, and butylpyruvate, which are the active ingredients of the parasiticide of the present invention, can safely exterminate parasites, and do not cause such parasites even during the dipping of pufferfish. bite, thus keeping farmed fish healthy. Therefore, high survival rate and growth rate can be obtained.

As can be seen from the survival rates in the following examples, it can be said that among the three pyruvate esters used as the active ingredient of the present invention, methyl pyruvate is the most preferable from the viewpoint of safety.

Example

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail by means of Examples and Comparative Examples.

Example 1

50 L of seawater was poured into a 100 L polyethylene container in order to prepare dipping solutions with different concentrations of methyl pyruvate and ethyl pyruvate shown in Table 1. Ten cultured pufferfish (body length about 10 cm) infested with about 10 kinds of ectoparasites (Caligus genus species and Neobenedenia genus species) were placed in it and submerged for 30 minutes. After the treatment, the number of exterminated ectoparasites and the number of ectoparasites still parasitic on T. monocular were measured to obtain the extermination rate of ectoparasites. In addition, at the fish farm, 5000 L of dipping solution shown in Table 1 was prepared, and 3000 pufferfish bodies were placed therein. Perform a 30-minute immersion treatment to check the condition of the pufferfish. The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 ingredient name Extermination rate of ectoparasites (%) Situation of puffer puffer in the dipping process Comparative Example 1 Seawater (control) 0 Swimming leisurely without biting each other Comparative Example 2 Methyl pyruvate 1ppm 0 Swimming leisurely without biting each other Example 1 Methyl pyruvate 50ppm 20 Swimming leisurely without biting each other Example 2 Methyl pyruvate 100ppm 40 Swimming leisurely without biting each other Example 3 Methyl pyruvate 300ppm 100 Swimming leisurely without biting each other Example 4 Methyl pyruvate 1000ppm 100 Swimming leisurely without biting each other Comparative Example 3 Methyl pyruvate 2000ppm 100 panting and biting each other Comparative Example 4 Ethyl pyruvate 1ppm 0 Swimming leisurely without biting each other Comparative Example 5 Ethyl pyruvate 50ppm 30 panting and biting each other Comparative Example 6 Ethyl pyruvate 100ppm 56 panting and biting each other Comparative Example 7 Ethyl pyruvate 300ppm 100 panting and biting each other Comparative Example 8 Ethyl pyruvate 1000ppm 100 panting and biting each other Comparative Example 9 Ethyl pyruvate 2000ppm 100 panting and biting each other

Example 2

50 liters of seawater was poured into a 100 L polyethylene container in order to prepare dipping solutions with different concentrations of methyl pyruvate, propyl pyruvate and butyl pyruvate shown in Table 2. Ten cultured pufferfish (body length about 10 cm) infested with about 10 kinds of ectoparasites (Caligus genus species and Neobenedenia genus species) were placed in it and submerged for 30 minutes. After the treatment, the number of exterminated ectoparasites and the number of ectoparasites still parasitic on T. monocular were measured to obtain the extermination rate of ectoparasites. In addition, at the fish farm, 5000 L of dipping solution shown in Table 2 was prepared, and 3000 pufferfish bodies were placed therein. Perform a 30-minute immersion treatment to check the condition of the pufferfish. The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 ingredient name Extermination rate of ectoparasites (%) Situation of puffer puffer in the dipping process Example 5 Propyl pyruvate 50ppm 60 Swimming leisurely without biting each other Example 6 Propyl pyruvate 100ppm 100 Swimming leisurely without biting each other Example 7 Butyl pyruvate 50ppm 100 Swimming leisurely without biting each other Example 8 Butyl pyruvate 100ppm 100 Swimming leisurely without biting each other Example 9 Methyl pyruvate 100ppm + Propyl pyruvate 100ppm 100 Swimming leisurely without biting each other

Example 3

Five fishery test areas were prepared, and each area contained 200 puffers with a body weight of about 50 g. At the beginning of the test, 20 fish were randomly caught to measure the average value. In four areas in these experimental areas, the immersion treatment for 30 minutes was carried out every two weeks using the medicated bath medicine shown in Table 3 (the concentration of pyruvate is 50 ppm, and the solution volume is 500 L). In another experimental area, treatment with medicated bath drugs was not carried out for half a year. Half a year later, the survival rate of puffer and the average body weight and growth rate of 20 fish caught randomly were examined. The results are shown in Table 3.

table 3 ingredient name Survival rate (%) Average weight (g) Growth rate (%) initial finally Comparative Example 10 Ethyl pyruvate 20 50 175 250 Example 10 methyl pyruvate 90 52 210 304 Example 11 Propyl pyruvate 70 48 192 300 Example 12 Butyl pyruvate 70 53 209 294 Comparative Example 11 (untreated area) 55 49 173 253

Growth rate: (final average body weight - initial average body weight)/initial average body weight

It can be seen that when at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl pyruvate, propyl pyruvate and butyl pyruvate is used at a concentration of 2000 ppm or less, parasites can be exterminated without stressing the cultured fish, and survival rate and growth rate are high.

Industrial Applicability

A parasiticide containing at least one selected from methyl pyruvate, propyl pyruvate, and butyl pyruvate as an active ingredient may be used to exterminate parasites in farmed fish.

Claims (2)

1. at least a pyruvate that is selected from methyl pyruvate, Propyl 2-oxopropionate and 2-Ketopropanoic acid butyl ester is used to produce the parasiticide of culturing fish as active component purposes.

2. the purposes of pyruvate as claimed in claim 1, the concentration of wherein handling the pyruvate of culturing fish is the 50-1000ppm weight ratio.