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CN1222102A - 组合式转动声学喇叭 - Google Patents

组合式转动声学喇叭 Download PDF

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CN1222102A
CN1222102A CN96180348A CN96180348A CN1222102A CN 1222102 A CN1222102 A CN 1222102A CN 96180348 A CN96180348 A CN 96180348A CN 96180348 A CN96180348 A CN 96180348A CN 1222102 A CN1222102 A CN 1222102A
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CN1115207C (zh
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哈瑞哥帕·S·哥帕雷克瑞施内
赛廷德·K·内雅尔
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3M Co
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    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
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    • B06B3/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/087—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil using both a rotary sonotrode and a rotary anvil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B29C65/088—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using several cooperating sonotrodes, i.e. interacting with each other, e.g. for realising the same joint
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/345—Progressively making the joint, e.g. starting from the middle
    • B29C66/3452—Making complete joints by combining partial joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83411—Roller, cylinder or drum types
    • B29C66/83413—Roller, cylinder or drum types cooperating rollers, cylinders or drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9512—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools by controlling their vibration frequency
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9516—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools by controlling their vibration amplitude
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
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Abstract

一种转动喇叭(10,10′,10″,10″′)以选定的波长,频率和振幅来传送能量。喇叭包括一个基体和许多焊接面(16)。每个焊接面有一个直径,随着超声能量应用的大小而扩张或缩小。焊接面是彼此分开的,以一定次序地排列安装并且相互是平行的。

Description

组合式转动声学喇叭
本发明的技术领域
本发明是关于声学焊接喇叭。更具体地讲，本发明涉及转动声学焊接喇叭。
发明的背景技术
在声学焊接中，例如在超声焊接中，两个将要连接在一起的部分(通常是热塑性部件)并能直接地放置在超声喇叭的下面。在插入焊接中，喇叭插入(向着部件)和传送超声振动到上部件。振动通过上部件传递到两部件的交接处。由于分子间的摩擦使振动能量转换为热能，并使两个部件熔化或融合。当振动停止时，两个部件在力的作用下固化在一起，在连接表面上实现了焊接。
连续超声焊接一般用在对织物、膜或其它的部件的密封。在连续工作方式中，一般超声喇叭是静止的，而部件在它下面运动。扫描焊接是连续焊接的一种，其中塑性部件在一个或者几个静止喇叭的下面被扫描。在横向焊接中，在其上面通过部件的工作台和已焊接的部件这两者是相对静止的，它们在喇叭的下面移动，或者喇叭是在它们的上面移动。
用于连接和切削热塑性材料的超声能量的许多应用包括超声喇叭或工具。喇叭是一种声学工具，通常其长度是喇叭材料波长的二分之一，并采用例如：铝、钛或烧结钢等材料制造，这些材料能传递机械振动能量到部件[通常这些材料的波长大约是25厘米(10英寸)]。喇叭位移或振幅是喇叭表面的峰-峰运动值。喇叭输出振幅和喇叭输入振幅的比率是周期性的增益。增益是在振动的输入和输出区域中喇叭质量比率的函数，通常喇叭表面的振幅方向和采用的机械振动方向是一致的。
在以往，超声切削和焊接所用的喇叭在对准固定铁心的轴向上振动，被焊接或切削的材料位于喇叭和刚性铁心之间。另外，在连续的高速焊接或切削中，喇叭是静止的，但铁心是转动的，而部件则在喇叭和铁心之间通过。在这些情况下，部件的线性速度和转动铁心工作表面的切向速度相匹配。
但是，这种系统有一些限制。因为被焊接的部件是连续地通过由铁心和喇叭形成的狭窄通道之间，由于部件厚度的不一致性而产生了压缩变化。在部件和喇叭之间产生了拖曳，因而可在焊接区域内产生残余应力。这些因素影响了焊接质量和强度，进而限制了线性速度。此外，在转动铁心和喇叭之间的通道也限制了需要结合在一起的部件的可压缩体积和厚度。
使这种限制减少到最小的一种方法是成形喇叭的工作表面，以得到一种适应该部件的渐进收敛或发散的通道。但其不能完全地解决被熔接材料通过静止喇叭的运动问题，因为对于声学能量的有效传送来说需要一种更为紧密的接触。
得到高质量和高速超声焊接的最好方法是采用转动铁心和转动喇叭。一般来说，转动喇叭是圆柱体形的并围绕一根轴转动。在轴向输入振动，而在径向输出振动。喇叭和铁心是互相靠近的两个圆柱体，它们以相同的切向速度沿着相反的方向转动。熔接的部件在这些圆柱体表面之间通过，其线性速度和圆柱体表面的切向速度相等。喇叭和铁心的切向速度和材料的线性速度的匹配能够使喇叭和材料之间的拖拽降到最小。在轴向的激励相似于通常的插入焊接中的激励。
美国专利第5,096,532号说明了两类转动喇叭。该专利对比了一种商业用转动喇叭，它由Mecasonic-KLN,Inc.of Fullerton,California(Mecasonic horn)制造，以及一种＇532专利所描述的转动喇叭。图1表示Mecasonic转动喇叭，图2表示＇532专利的转动喇叭的一种。这两种喇叭之间的一个重要差别是径向焊接面的宽度和穿过径向面的振幅的一致性。
Mecasonic喇叭是全波长喇叭，其总长度大约为25厘米(10英寸)，是用铝和钛材料制造的喇叭。轴向振动引起圆柱弯曲模式而产生径向运动，而振动模式取决于泊桑比(如果喇叭材料的泊桑比是零，振动的径向模式就不会发生)。焊接面的径向运动与激励是同相位的，对于轴向运动有两个节点(此处振幅为零)，对于径向运动也有两个节点。因此振动幅度的最高处位于径向焊接面的中心，并朝着其端部而缩减，结果产生不均匀的焊接强度。Mecasonic喇叭是部分空心的圆柱体。
＇532专利的喇叭是一种半波长喇叭，其总长度大约是12.7cm(5英寸)，是用铝和钛材料制造的喇叭。由于喇叭的形状，其轴向振动产生了径向运动。这种喇叭的振动模式不受泊桑比的影响。焊接面的径向运动和激励是不同相位的，而且只有一个节点，它是发生在焊接面的几何中心上。振动幅度在整个焊接面上是相对均匀的。＇532喇叭和Mecasonic喇叭的形状是不同的；＇532喇叭是实体的，而Mecasonic喇叭是部分空心的圆柱体。
因此，需要对于超宽(例如宽度大于12.7cm)的部件进行焊接的声学焊接设备。
本发明的概述
转动声学喇叭以选定的波长、频率和振幅来传送能量。这种喇叭包括：一个有轴向输入端和轴向输出端的基体部分，和许多分别连在基体部分上的焊接面。每个焊接面的直径都大于基体部分的直径，并随着声学能量对基体部分的输入端作用而扩张和收缩。焊接面是相互离开的，以顺序排列的形式或是相互平行的形式安装。
相邻焊接面中点间的距离至少是喇叭材料的二分之一波长的一倍以上。每个焊接面的振动幅度和相邻焊接面的振动幅度可以是不同的。
至少有一个焊接面的扩张和收缩与喇叭轴向输入端的移动是基本同相位的。每个焊接面的运动可以是和交变焊接面的扩张及收缩基本同相位的。
喇叭可以是一种超声喇叭，并且包括用改变喇叭轴向输入端质量的方法使径向焊接面的增益发生变化。
焊接面的轴向长度能达到喇叭材料的二分之一波长。在一种实施方案中，喇叭的轴向长度基本上等于喇叭材料的一个波长。在这种实施方案中，焊接面的扩张和收缩基本上与喇叭输入端的运动同相位。喇叭可存在轴向运动的两个节点。在另一种实施方案中，喇叭的轴向长度可以小于或等于喇叭材料的二分之一波长。在这种实施方案中，焊接面的扩张和收缩基本上和喇叭输入端的运动是不同相位的。这种喇叭可存在轴向运动的一个节点。
附图简要说明
图1是Mecasonic喇叭的外形图。
图2是＇532专利的喇叭的外形图。
图3是根据本发明的按顺序排列的多重焊接面的喇叭外形图。
图4是根据本发明的按页序排列的多重焊接面的另一种实施方案的喇叭外形图。
图5是和图3相似的具有多重平行焊接面的喇叭外形图。
图6是和图4相似的具有多重平行焊接面的喇叭外形图。
图7是图5的两种交错叠合喇叭的外形图。
本发明的详细叙述
本发明的转动喇叭可以是如图1、4和6所示的全波长声学转动喇叭，也可以是如图2、3和5所示的半波长声学转动喇叭。如图所示，这些喇叭是超声喇叭并能以选定的波长、频率和振幅传送能量。这种喇叭能以希望的振幅对超宽部件进行超声焊接。
对于全波长喇叭来说，其径向运动和激励是同相位的，并且对于轴向运动和径向运动都各有两个节点。对于半波长喇叭来说，其径向运动和激励是不同相位的，并且对于轴向运动和径向运动都各有一个节点。
参照图3，转动喇叭1O有轴向输入端11和轴向输出端13。许多焊接面16安装在喇叭10上。在图1、4和6中喇叭10有中空部分15，它能达到喇叭10的轴向长度一半以上，并且可长于焊接面16。
焊接面的直径可以大于喇叭10其余部分的直径。每个焊接面16的直径扩张和收缩是根据超声能量的作用而变化的。
增益(喇叭输出幅度和喇叭轴向输入幅度之比值)在焊接面16上的变化是用改变喇叭输入端11上的质量18来实现的。
如果不采用多重转动喇叭(其中是转动铁心或是平面铁心)，而要在宽度大于焊接面16的铁心上进行焊接，可以使用具有多重焊接面16的喇叭，或是将单个焊接面喇叭沿着其长度交错叠合起来。其外形看来很相似于“烧烤串”结构。
在相邻焊接面16中点之间的距离是喇叭材料波长二分之一的一倍或整数倍。每个焊接面的振动幅度可以不同于相邻焊接面的振动幅度。这种喇叭结构能和一个电源、声学增强器、转换器和驱动系统一起激励和转动。若要完全地覆盖铁心的宽度，就要使用二个或更多的这种结构，如图7所示那样，将它们沿着焊接面的整个宽度交错叠合起来。每个喇叭和其它喇叭的焊接面宽度可以是不相等的。
焊接面可以安顺序地串联安装，如图3和图4中喇叭10和10＇所示，也可以彼此平行地安装，如图5和图6中喇叭10″和10所示。图3和图4是喇叭串联组合安装的实例。由于转动喇叭是串联的，所有其结构是分层次的，因为在轴向一个喇叭的输出就是下一个喇叭的输入。即第一个喇叭驱动第二个转动喇叭等等。图3中喇叭的轴向长度是喇叭二分之一波长的整数倍。相邻的焊接面中心之间的距离等于喇叭材料波长的二分之一。交替相隔的焊接面的径向运动和激励可以是不同相的，喇叭对于每个焊接面都存在有一个轴向节点。
在图4中喇叭的轴向长度是喇叭材料波长的整数倍。在相邻的焊接面中心之间的距离等于喇叭材料的一个波长。每个焊接面的径向运动和喇叭的激励是同相位的，喇叭对于每个焊接面都存在有两个轴向节点。
图3和4所示的结构能采用将单个喇叭组合的方法制成，或采用机械方法将其制成单独完整的一体结构形式的喇叭。
图5和图6表示平行组合形式的转动喇叭。在这些图中，沿着喇叭的长度方向将两个或更多个转动喇叭用谐振棒20组合而成。这种结构是一种平行系统，因为主要的驱动源或输入源是连接这些转动喇叭的圆柱形棒。在这种转动喇叭的结构中，每个焊接面都能独立地驱动相邻的焊接面。
图1-6中所示喇叭的特点能以各种形式结合起来、混合起来、将这些特点与组件混合或匹配起来以形成许多不同形式的结构。
带有多重焊接面的喇叭长度是所用喇叭材料波长的整数倍。相邻焊接面定位在图3和图5中喇叭二分之一波长的距离上(在相邻焊接面中心之间的距离)。图4和图6的喇叭中心之间的距离是喇叭材料的一个波长长度。如果需要，对于图3和图5的喇叭来说，能够用限制中间焊接面的数量，使其焊接面定位在喇叭材料的全波长上。
图5和图6的结构能够用单个喇叭组合的方法制造，或是制成单独完整的一体形式的喇叭。
要覆盖更宽的焊接面宽度，可以按照图7所示将数个任何一种结构的多重焊接面转动喇叭叠合起来而实现。这样，就使为适应增加的铁心宽度而必须叠加起来的喇叭的数量减到最少，进而也要减少附件的数量，例如：转换器、声学增强器、电源和驱动系统等。这也减轻了整个系统结构的维护和装配工作量。
喇叭和焊接面可以是相同直径的同心圆柱体。但是，它们也可以有不同的半径和不同心度，而焊接部分不一定非是圆柱体的，以适应不同的焊接结构要求。例如：焊接部分可能是非圆柱形的圆锥截面。在径向可能是椭圆的或是球面的。

Claims (9)

1．一种转动声学喇叭10,10＇,10″,10，能以选定的波长、频率和振幅来传送能量，该喇叭包括：具有轴向输入端11和轴向输出端13的基体；连接在基体上的许多焊接面16，它们的直径都大于基体的直径，并且是随着传到基体输入端11的声学能量的大小而扩张或收缩，焊接面16是彼此分开的，它们以一定次序地排列安装并且是相互平行的。
2．根据权利要求1所述的喇叭10,10＇,10″,10,其中所述的相邻的焊接面16中点之间的距离至少是喇叭材料的二分之一波长。
3．根据权利要求1所述的喇叭10,10＇,10″,10，其中所述的每个焊接面16的振幅和相邻焊接面的振幅是不同的。
4．根据权利要求1所述的喇叭10,10＇,10″,10，其中所述的喇叭的轴向长度基本上等于喇叭材料二分之一波长的一倍或整数倍，并且其中所述的基体是在其轴向长度上的至少一部分上为中空的。
5．根据权利要求1所述的喇叭10,10＇,10″,10，其中所述的基体是圆柱形的，焊接面16也是圆柱形的，而且焊接面和基体是同轴的。
6．根据权利要求1所述的喇叭10,10＇,10″,10，其中至少有一个焊接面16的扩张和收缩运动基本上和喇叭轴向输入端11的运动是同相位的，并且每个焊接面16的扩张和收缩运动基本上也是和其它间隔焊接面的扩张和收缩同相位的。
7．根据权利要求1所述的喇叭10,10＇,10″,10，所述的喇叭是超声喇叭。
8．根据权利要求1所述的喇叭10,10＇,10″,10，进一步包括能采用改变喇叭轴向输入端质量18使径向焊接面的增益发生变化的装置。
9．一种转动声学喇叭装置，以选定的波长，频率和振幅来传送能量，该装置包括根据权利要求1的第一和第二喇叭组10,10＇,10″,10，其中第一喇叭组的焊接面16和第二喇叭组的相邻焊接面16是交错排列的，它们的距离足够覆盖整个进行焊接的铁心的宽度。
CN96180348A 1996-07-05 1996-11-05 组合式转动声学喇叭 Expired - Lifetime CN1115207C (zh)

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