CN1220655C - Deodorant, modified deodorant and deodorizing method for refuse compost - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to deodorization treatment in the process of producing organic compost from organic solid waste. The deodorant of the present invention contains chitosan, acetic acid and spices, and the deodorant improver contains rhamnolipid and sucrose lipid. Add the diluted deodorant, and then add the diluted deodorant improver to the mixing and stirring device after garbage sorting. The invention can obviously remove the bad smell in the garbage composting process and composting products, reduce the breeding of mosquitoes and flies, improve the environmental conditions of the composting factory area and surrounding areas, and increase the commodity value of the composting products.

Description

Deodorant, deodorant improver and method for deodorizing treatment of garbage composting

Technical field: The present invention relates to the treatment of organic solid waste, in particular to the deodorization treatment in the process of producing organic compost from organic solid waste.

Background technology: With the development of social economy, the acceleration of urbanization process, the increase of urban population and the improvement of people's living standards, the generation of urban domestic garbage is also continuously increasing. Since 1979, China's urban domestic waste has grown at an average annual rate of nearly 10%, and the growth rate in a few cities has reached as high as 15% to 20%. Such a huge amount of garbage discarded in the environment not only exceeds the natural absorption capacity of the environment, seriously pollutes water bodies, the atmosphere, and soil, endangers the ecological environment and people's health, affects urban development, and causes a great waste of resources. Therefore, how to make municipal solid waste harmless, reduce, recycle, and turn waste into treasure has become an urgent problem to be solved in large and medium-sized cities.

Composting of domestic waste is one of the three most widely used waste disposal methods in the world. And because it has the advantages of low environmental hazards and high resource utilization, the use of composting technology to treat organic solid waste and sludge is becoming more and more widespread.

Composting is a biochemical process that relies on microorganisms such as bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi that exist widely in nature to artificially and controllably promote the conversion of organic matter that can be degraded by microorganisms in garbage into stable humus. Its product—compost can be used as a soil improver for farmland, orchards, and nurseries to improve the soil quality of poor land and provide crops with the nutrients needed for growth. It can not only solve the outlet problem of urban garbage, but also achieve the purpose of recycling, and has good economic and social benefits. Therefore, composting treatment is regarded as a worthy way to solve municipal solid waste and sewage sludge treatment. However, in the actual operation of municipal solid waste and sludge composting plants, one of the main problems is that the composting process and composting products are accompanied by the generation of foul smell, and a large number of mosquitoes and flies are bred during the composting process. This not only seriously pollutes the environment of the factory area and surrounding areas, endangers the physical and mental health of the workers in the waste composting factory area and the surrounding residents, but also greatly reduces the commodity value of composting products, directly affecting the survival and development of composting products in the fertilizer market.

Odor gases can be divided into five categories according to their chemical composition: ① sulfur-containing compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, mercaptans, and sulfides; ② nitrogen-containing compounds, such as amines, amides, and indole; ③ halogens and derivatives, such as chlorine, Halogenated hydrocarbons; ④ Hydrocarbons: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics; ⑤ Oxygenated organic compounds, such as alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, organic acids, etc. Methods to deal with odor usually include acid-base absorption, chemical masking, chemical adsorption, catalytic combustion, microbial deodorization and other technologies. Disclosed a kind of air deodorant and deodorizing method as China No. 90101673.X patent application description, this deodorant contains citric acid, lactic acid, D-tartaric acid; It is a biological rapid deodorant that combines thermophilic microorganisms, heat-resistant bacillus, pseudomonas, xanthomonas and other microbial flora isolated from soil and compost to eliminate malodorous gases in organic manure. Although these deodorants have certain effects, because they only use a single deodorization technology, they usually cannot reduce the generation of new malodorous gases in the composting process or cannot quickly and effectively remove them from various domestic wastes with different components. The stench and odor of the compost cannot accelerate the composting process and shorten the production cycle.

Summary of the invention; the purpose of the present invention is to provide a deodorant, a deodorant improver and a compost deodorization treatment method, which can effectively absorb, cover up, and remove various malodorous gases in the garbage, and greatly reduce the waste composting process. A new malodorous gas is produced.

The technical scheme for realizing the above-mentioned invention object is: the deodorant contains chitosan, acetic acid and spices, and the components of the deodorant and the weight ratio of each component are as follows: 0.2-1.2% of chitosan, 1% of acetic acid -6%, fragrance 0.01-0.03%, water 93-98%; the deodorant improver contains rhamnolipid and sucrose lipid, and the weight ratio of each component of the deodorant improver is as follows: rhamnolipid 0.2-1.2% , 0.2-2.0% of sucrose lipid, 97-99% of water; the method of garbage composting and deodorization treatment is to add diluted deodorant according to 1-3% of the weight of garbage in the aggregate pit before the garbage sorting system; Then, in the mixing and stirring device after garbage sorting, add the diluted deodorizing improver according to 1-6% of the weight of the garbage.

Description of drawings:

Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of garbage composting and deodorization treatment.

The present invention is described in further detail below:

The invention combines various deodorizing technologies such as chemical adsorption, chemical covering, and chemical improvement; uses new adsorption materials to quickly absorb, cover, and remove various original malodorous gases in garbage; uses surfactants to improve microorganisms in the composting process The microenvironment of growth can greatly reduce the generation of new malodorous gases during the composting process.

1. Deodorant

The formula of the deodorant is: chitosan (0.2-1.2%); acetic acid (1-6%); fragrance (0.01-0.03%); water (93-98%).

Main ingredients of deodorant—chitosan (Chitosan, Deacetylated chitin, Flonac N, chitosan, chitosan, soluble chitin, chitosan, chitosan, polyglucosamine, soluble chitin , viscous chitin) is a water-soluble product produced by the deacetylation of chitin of crustaceans, arthropods, fungi, etc. It will not cause damage to the original regenerative microorganisms in the garbage, and has no residual toxicity. It is not a composting system It is the priority degradation substance of microorganisms in the medium, but as an organic matter, it can be degraded by microorganisms eventually. In nature, chitin resources are very rich, and it is a natural polymer compound second only to cellulose. Deacetylated chitin, whose chemical name is (1,4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucan, is the most important derivative of chitin. The molecular weight is hundreds of thousands to hundreds of thousands. Due to different preparation methods, process conditions and requirements, the degree of deacetylation can range from 60% to 100%. The chitosan used in this deodorant can be purchased from commercially available products, and can also be self-made. The preparation method is that chitin is heated to 110 DEG C in 40-45% NaOH solution and reacted for 1-1.5 hours to obtain a product with a deacetylation degree of 60%-85%. It can absorb and wrap odorous molecules such as ammonia, amines, hydrogen sulfide, isovalerenic acid, fatty acids, methyl mercaptan, sulfurized methanol, etc. in garbage to form polymers to prevent the release of odorous molecules, and in the subsequent composting process Decomposed by microorganisms, at the same time, the spices in the deodorant can cover up the odor, repel mosquitoes and flies, and improve the working environment of operators.

2. Deodorant improver

The formula of the deodorant improver: rhamnolipid (0.2-1.2%); sucrose lipid (0.2-2.0%); water (97-99%).

The malodorous odor in the process of composting and composting products is mainly the metabolites produced by the growth and reproduction of spoilage bacteria under anaerobic conditions. Therefore, improving the technological conditions of the garbage composting process, promoting the growth of aerobic microorganisms, and inhibiting the growth of spoilage bacteria can effectively reduce the generation of malodorous gases. The rhamnolipid in the deodorant improving agent of the present invention is a biosurfactant, which can be purchased from a commercial product or obtained by culturing a specific strain. Sucrose lipid is also a widely used surfactant. All of them can improve the micro-environment for microbial growth, make water form a stable liquid film on the surface of garbage particles, provide the surface environment for the reaction of microorganisms as much as possible, increase the solubility of organic matter and oxygen in the water film, and accelerate the microbial reaction of organic matter. Decompose, improve the bioavailability of refractory organic matter, promote the growth of aerobic microorganisms, and inhibit the growth of spoilage bacteria, thereby effectively reducing the generation of malodorous gases and significantly reducing the breeding of mosquitoes and flies.

3. The method of deodorization treatment:

The deodorant is diluted with water in a ratio of 1: (50-100), that is, 1 liter of deodorant is mixed with water (50-100) liters to make a spray liquid, which is added to the aggregate pit in front of the garbage sorting system. Therefore, the deodorant can be fully mixed with the garbage during the subsequent garbage sorting and turning process, so that the malodorous odor in the garbage can be absorbed, neutralized and covered in the initial stage of composting production and operation, and mosquitoes and flies can be reduced. The amount of deodorizing spray liquid depends on the composition of the garbage and the degree of stench, usually 1-3% of the weight of the garbage.

The deodorant improver is diluted with water in a ratio of 1: (50-100), that is: mix 1 liter of deodorant improver with water (50-100) liters to make a spray liquid, and add it to the mixing and stirring device after garbage sorting , so that the deodorant improver is fully mixed with the garbage in the mixing and stirring device, thereby improving the microenvironment for the growth of microorganisms in composting fermentation, promoting the growth of aerobic microorganisms, inhibiting the growth of spoilage bacteria, effectively reducing the generation of malodorous gases, and improving good The degradation efficiency of aerobic microorganisms to solid organic waste can significantly reduce the breeding of mosquitoes and flies. The amount of the deodorizing improver spray liquid depends on the moisture content and organic matter content of the garbage, which is usually 1-6% of the weight of the garbage.

If deodorant or deodorizing improver needs to be supplemented during the operation of garbage composting, the deodorant or deodorizing improver of the above concentration can be added to the garbage moisture adjustment spray system. With the replenishment of water, the deodorant or deodorant improver can enter the garbage heap, thereby absorbing and neutralizing the foul smell during the composting process and improving the microenvironment for the growth of composting microorganisms.

By using the deodorant of the present invention, the original malodorous gas in the garbage can be quickly absorbed, eliminated, and covered, and the microenvironment for the growth of microorganisms can be improved by using the deodorant improver of the present invention, the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms is accelerated, and the growth of aerobic microorganisms is promoted. growth, and inhibit the growth of spoilage bacteria, thereby effectively reducing the generation of new malodorous gases in the process of garbage composting. The method can obviously remove the stench smell in the composting process of the garbage and in the composting products, reduce the breeding of mosquitoes and flies, improve the environmental conditions of the composting factory area and surrounding areas, and increase the commodity value of the composting products.

Detailed ways:

The rubbish composition (%) of present embodiment is as shown in the following table: organic matter Inorganic matter Kitchen waste waste paper fiber Bamboo plastic rubber glass ceramics Metal Coal Stucco Bricks 43.00 4.80 3.60 2.80 4.10 4.00 3.90 33.80

The formula of the deodorant is: chitosan (0.4%); acetic acid (3%); sweet-scented osmanthus essence (0.01%); water (96.6%).

The deodorant is diluted with water at a ratio of 1:100, that is, 1 liter of deodorant is mixed with 100 liters of water to make a spray liquid, which is added to the collection pit in front of the garbage sorting system, and then turned over during the subsequent garbage sorting. During the process, the deodorant can be fully mixed with the garbage, so that the stench in the garbage can be absorbed, eliminated and covered in the initial stage of composting production and operation, and the mosquitoes and flies can be reduced to improve the working environment. The addition amount of deodorizing spray liquid is 1% of rubbish weight.

The formula of the deodorant improving agent is: rhamnolipid (0.3%); sucrose lipid (0.7%); water (99%).

The deodorant improver is diluted with water at a ratio of 1:100, that is, 1 liter of deodorant improver is mixed with 100 liters of water to make a spray liquid, which is added to the mixing and stirring device after garbage sorting, so that the deodorant improver is mixed The mixing device is fully mixed with garbage, thereby improving the microenvironment of microbial growth in composting fermentation, promoting the growth of aerobic microorganisms, inhibiting the growth of spoilage bacteria, effectively reducing the generation of malodorous gases, and improving the degradation of solid organic waste by aerobic microorganisms Efficiency, significantly reducing the breeding of mosquitoes and flies. The add-on of the deodorant improver spray liquid of the present embodiment is 4% of garbage weight.

Deodorizing effects of deodorants and deodorant improvers

Malodorous gas components Concentration before deodorization (mL/m ³ ) Concentration after deodorization (mL/m ³ ) Removal rate (%)

Ammonia 2.7 1.4 48.1

Methylamine 19.8 4.5 77.3

Ethylamine 12.6 4.2 66.7

Hydrogen sulfide 52.4 17.2 67.2

Indole 6.2 2.5 59.7

Claims (2)

1, a kind of method of garbage compost deodorizing processing is characterized in that pressing 1～3% of rubbish weight and adding diluted reodorant in the gathering materials hole before the refuse classification system; In the mixed stirring device behind refuse classification, press 1～6% of rubbish weight then, add diluted deodorizing modifying agent, reodorant and the two-part component of deodorizing modifying agent and weight proportion are:

Reodorant: chitosan 0.2-1.2%

Acetate 1-6%

Spices 0.01-0.03%

Water 93-98%;

Deodorizing modifying agent: rhamnolipid 0.2-1.2%

Sucrose fat 0.2-2.0%

Water 97-99%;

Described reodorant and deodorizing modifying agent all dilute with 1: 50～100 volume ratio water distribution.

2, the method for handling by the described garbage compost deodorizing of claim 1 is characterized in that in the compost production run process that also the reodorant of available above-mentioned concentration or deodorizing modifying agent join moisture and regulate reodorant or the deodorizing modifying agent in the additional junk-heap body in the sprinkling system.