CN1217767A - vertical axis vortex wind turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and two devices for generating and using vortices with high concentration mass and/or high concentration speed and high circulation from parallel main flows. According to the invention, at least two different swirls and a plurality of potential vortices which are pushed against one another are generated and concentrated in a hollow cylinder on a common axis of rotation. As a result, a stable mass-and/or velocity-concentrated vortex is formed, which has a higher, energy-available concentrated energy than a simple circulation of the vortex.

Description

vertical axis vortex wind turbine

The invention relates to high circulation or high circulation of parallel and/or helical swirls in a parallel main flow, such as an inflow pattern with a tangential inflow valve and at least one outflow hole, as described in the preamble of the independent claim A method for the generation and utilization of eddy currents of high concentrated velocity and/or high concentrated mass, and devices for implementing the method.

The method and apparatus of the present invention can improve the efficiency of parallel flow conversion into high circulation or high concentrated velocity and/or high concentrated mass eddies, as well as the formation of stable eddies and insertion into the main flow. And a free inflow through the main flow through the device implementing the method is ensured. The device of the present invention can be used in various flow patterns, the number of which depends on the size and space provided. The size and number of devices provided depends primarily on the circulation strength of the eddy currents produced. The device according to the invention can also be arranged in a laminar parallel flow. The vortex generated at this time uses its energy downstream, for example, to further create induced vortex circles to transport deeper fluids to the surface.

In fluid mechanics, the difference between the well-known turbulent flow and the laminar flow of a fluid is that the turbulent flow has eddies to the bottom layer. The generation of vortices in engineering, such as the generation of vortex circles in the wind flow in order to concentrate wind energy, has been described in the patent document DE-PS3330899. Here, the airfoil elements are arranged in a star shape, so that the vortices are torn off on an inner circle and carried away by the wind current. The swirl circle induced downstream accelerates the flow velocity in a smaller circle, and has been shown to double. This concentrated velocity fluid has greater power than an unaccelerated fluid. A disadvantage is that a centralized installation has a much larger projected inflow surface than a dry-running turbine of the same rated power. As with all airfoils, the characteristic curves for lift and vortex formation depend on the angle of attack and the inflow speed. Regulation and control costs arise from this. Does not prevent sound transmission.

When the power consumption due to the propeller is increasing, vortex cracking can be seen, which can lead to a reduction in power until the vortex ring is broken. Only a relatively small experimental device is disclosed in this respect.

Patent document PCT/DE92/00450 discloses a method and a device for generating swirl flow from parallel flow in various flow regimes. In the internal swirling flow, the vortex generators are arranged on concentric circles, wherein the vortex generators generate vortex lines, edge vortices or tubular vortices depending on the inflow. This vortex turns into a vortex circle in the flow pattern through the parallel swirl flow, and this vortex circle induces an axial additional velocity, thereby causing the axial flow to strengthen and the peripheral velocity to increase in the flow pattern. The flow flows around an inner hollow body in which the axial flow and many vortices induced by the suction are sucked in. In this way, a turbine can be arranged in the area of action of the potential vortex or the hollow body can be used directly as a turbine. The efficiency of such a device depends essentially on the circulation of the eddy current-generating components.

A proven disadvantage is that the hydrodynamically slow response of the components generating such vortices requires a relatively large free flow to generate a stable induced vortex. In addition, the formation process of this vortex depends on the shape of the oncoming object and the pressure situation at the drainage into the main flow.

In order to increase the circulation of the vortex, it is proposed to arrange an inner hollow body with a plurality of inflow holes, and the vortex generator is directly arranged on the circumference of the hollow body and used as a turbine. This approach has the effect of increasing the peripheral speed of the parallel swirling flows and at the same time increasing the efficiency of such a turbine when energy consumption is caused by the turbine. In addition, it has been proposed to equip this turbine with multiple blades and the partition wall of the airfoil to directly generate a large amount of vortex flow, and it is also possible to use the hydrodynamics of the lift around the airfoil or the airfoil blade in the vertical axis rotor many advantages.

Such a turbine causes an increase in the peripheral speed of the parallel swirls generated during energy consumption as a driving swirl field leading to a further increase in the efficiency of the turbine. The power of the turbine is increased by utilizing lift compared to utilizing pure drag. The arrangement of the vortex-generating components is limited by the installation space of the turbine, and thus the power increase is limited by structural engineering.

The task of the present invention is to propose a method and a device to generate energy-available eddies of high circulation or high concentrated velocity and/or high concentrated mass, as well as to ensure that during and after the introduction of the main flow and after the induced eddies Availability of energy in the circle.

Furthermore, the object of the present invention is to extend the scope of use of this method and to propose devices which can be arranged in various flow patterns and/or in the parallel flow of the incoming flow to generate vortices and their energy utilization, or to increase the concentration The inflow surface and improve the concentration of rotating fluid energy.

These tasks are achieved according to the invention by the features stated in the independent claims.

According to the invention, in a stratified advection flow and/or in various flow patterns producing swirl flow, one or more devices are used to simultaneously generate various vortices fixed on a rotating shaft with different effects of fluid kinetic energy , and transforms into a new vortex shape, in which, under the action of high pressure, concentrically on an inner circle of a hollow cylinder with a helical inlet orifice, an adjustable potential central vortex with concentrated velocity close to the axis of rotation , and at the same time, under the action of fluid pressure, a larger envelope vortex is generated on an outer helix of the same length, wherein the center of the helix is larger than the diameter of the hollow cylinder, and causes the outer flow around the hollow cylinder, which has the potential A central vortex with its velocity field on the inside and an enveloping vortex on the outside with the inner radius of the velocity field acting simultaneously on the boundary layer on a fixed or rotating permeable or impermeable fluid surface of a hollow cylinder, e.g. a truncated cone surface shape , the peripheral velocity of the vortex increases on this covering surface until the center of the potential central vortex flows out, the peripheral velocities of the potential central vortex and the envelope vortex are adjusted on the outflow radius so that the envelope vortex pushes the potential center vortex, and the potential center The vortex flows into the low pressure center of the enveloping vortex, whereupon the high pressure is converted into kinetic energy. The envelope vortex creates the conditions for the existence of hydrodynamics for the manufacture and maintenance of the potential central vortex, and prevents the cracking of the potential central vortex with concentrated velocity. The potential tubular vortex with concentrated velocity has an outlet hole in the vortex generator of the envelope vortex, which turns to flow out into the main flow to be generated under the action of fluid pressure, inserts into the main flow in the form of vortex stabilization, and winds into a Induced swirl circles or other shapes where energy is available.

According to the invention, the first means for carrying out the method consists of a hollow cylinder with a lateral opening above the axis of rotation, which cylinder is located in the center of the helix. The inflow hole of the hollow cylinder is arranged vertically to the incoming flow, and its bottom surface is closed. On the other end of the hollow cylinder there is a cover surface with a central outlet opening, which cover surface can be formed, for example, in the shape of a truncated cone. The cover can be configured to be fluid permeable and rotatable.

This hollow cylinder is surrounded by the circumferential surface of an enveloping vortex generator component formed by a helix with equal closed bases in such a way that a flow around the hollow cylinder takes place. In the area of the helical or simple arc-shaped inflow hole of the hollow cylinder, this peripheral surface is perforated in such a way that the free inflow of the inflow hole can pass through the main flow and the volume flow resulting from the flow around the hollow cylinder is concentrated in the inflow on the smaller radius of the hole.

Within the coverage of the hollow cylinder, the circumferential surface of the envelope vortex generator constitutes the helix required for the tubular vortex, so a tubular vortex can be generated above the coverage, and the obvious swirl caused by the hollow cylinder is transferred to Coverage. In order to generate a stable vortex, the envelope vortex generator has a hydrodynamically determined height above the hollow cylinder, which corresponds to at least twice the height of the hollow cylinder.

When a parallel flow, a parallel swirl flow or a helical swirl flow flows into the first device of the invention, this flow is divided into three differently acting volume flows. The vertical inflow through the inflow openings of the hollow cylinder in the region of the base as far as below the hollow cylinder's covering generates a high pressure, so that an outer peripheral velocity on the hollow cylinder is lower than the inflow velocity. At the same time, an outer helical flow is generated in the hollow cylinder in the envelope vortex generator, so that a concentric swirl flow is formed around the hollow cylinder in the lower area. This swirling flow increases the volumetric flow into the hollow cylinder due to the higher peripheral velocity than the vertical inflow. At the outer radius of the hollow cylinder, a greater initial value of the peripheral velocity occurs compared to a vertical inflow.

An external vortex created on a hollow cylinder is maintained above the cylinder cover by the helically flowing fluid of the enveloping vortex. The peripheral speed becomes larger as the radius decreases.

Through the action of centrifugal force, a center of low pressure is generated above the axis of rotation. This center of low pressure is fixed on the outlet hole of the hollow cylinder by rotation and acts in this outlet hole to cause a pressure on the inlet hole of the hollow cylinder. suction action.

At the same time, a circulation is generated in the potential vortex in the direction of the outlet hole of the hollow cylinder without the introduction of an external inflow. The circulation can be calculated according to the law of rotational momentum, structurally adjusted and remains constant according to the Helmholtz vortex theorem when the cross-section of the vortex tube is changed, when this cross-section change is simultaneously given due to the action above the outlet hole When the direction change in the form of translation caused by low pressure, the outlet hole represents a change in cross section.

Despite the increasing inward peripheral velocity and increasing centrifugal force, a mass flow with a natural migration mechanism was found to flow into and through a potential vortex.

The concentric circles of the streamlines of the velocity field are also the motion traces of the particles, so according to the law of conservation of rotational momentum, the concentric circles represent the standard potential, which can be distinguished by the peripheral velocity.

If the particles are exchanged in translation in the interior of the potential vortex, the missing particles must be replenished due to the law of conservation of energy, and the natural standard potential must be maintained on the concentric circles of the velocity field for the same reason. The migration mechanism can be described as the helical position exchange of many particles opposite to the rotation direction of the potential vortex. In this position exchange, the particle accelerates from a small peripheral velocity to a large peripheral velocity. This exchange of positions takes place at least with momentum velocity, so the standard potential remains constant according to the moment of inertia of the standard potential, and the centrifugal force does not block the mass flow. Mass flow is achieved virtually without energy loss and is only related to the magnitude of the low pressure of the enveloping vortex.

As is well known, the center of the vortex is 0.65 times the radius according to its generator radius, which is determined by the outlet hole of the hollow cylinder, so according to the present invention a potential central vortex is produced with the highest peripheral velocity at the outlet hole 0.65 times the radius.

The effective center of low pressure of the outflow cross-section and the envelope vortex determine the movement speed of the potential center vortex to the center of low pressure of the envelope vortex.

The boundary layer between the rotating and low-pressure centers of the enveloping vortices simultaneously creates a hydrodynamic wall for the potential central vortex on which the potential central vortex rests upon inflow. Due to the free swirling flow above the covering surface, the so-called swirling flow here can be understood as the inflow pressure, so the peripheral speed will not drop to the speed value that must be converted when the high pressure is established in the hollow cylinder.

From this it can be concluded that the inner peripheral velocity of the enveloping vortex is greater at the boundary layer to the low-pressure center than the outer peripheral velocity of the inflowing potential central vortex. Therefore, under the action of high pressure, the potential central vortex gushing toward the envelope vortex is pushed by the envelope vortex on its outer circumference.

The hollow cylinder produces a potential central vortex under high pressure, and the potential energy of the high pressure cannot effectively act radially and cause the expansion of the potential central vortex.

The high pressure has only one direction of free action between the driven outer peripheral speed and the lower inner peripheral speed in the boundary layer. Therefore, the pressure gradient is a resultant force in the direction of the peripheral velocity, so the high pressure can only be converted into kinetic energy to accelerate the potential central vortex.

This results in a high-volume, stable, structurally adjustable and increasing vortex in the envelope vortex generator, which has an external helical inflow.

All conditions for the existence of the new vortex shape are created before flowing out into the main flow. Such a vortex, when flowing out into the main flow, is already inserted into the main flow to be generated without a pressure difference between the vortex and the main flow.

The circulation of such swirl currents can be fully used, for example, for the induction process of the swirl coils to be produced.

According to the invention, the circulation volume and space requirements of the eddy current can be adapted to the structural and energy requirements.

The novel effect produced by the method according to the invention is that the development processes under the action of high pressure in a quasi-closed space and under the action of the inflow pressure and the helical entrainment of the vortex layer above a common axis of rotation are unified into one The time-dependent concentrated velocity process provides energy to accelerate the inner vortex during the shape-stable introduction of the new vortex generated into the main flow to be generated.

This creates the preconditions for a high degree of standardization for the components generating the eddy currents, which facilitates the economical mass production of such components. The first device according to the invention can be used in all fluids in which energy concentrations are to be produced, thereby greatly improving the economy.

In a refinement of the method, in a main flow at random or on a circle, on a number of axes of rotation fixed perpendicular to the main flow and on a corresponding one of the axes of rotation by means of a helical inflow at the outlet of the low-pressure effect The vortex chamber formed between the flow hole, the flow hole and the bottom boundary layer produces many potential vortices communicating with each other, and a highly concentrated central vortex is created in these potential vortices with the largest distance to the flow hole, while in the flow hole to the flow hole In the potential vortex whose distance is getting smaller, the vortex tube is created due to the formation of the vortex center. At the same time, the central vortex and the vortex tube accelerate each other coaxially through the acting low pressure and generate a stratified central vortex, in which the peripheral velocity passes through the fluid. Radius regulation, there is an expansion and stabilization phase before the outlet orifice, this phase can be determined by a natural vortex size to determine the length, in the expansion and stabilization phase, the stratified central vortex passes the high pressure related to the outlet radius and the flow radius Under the action and by the internal drive of the central vortex, it is converted into a vortex with a resultant peripheral velocity, and the concentrated velocity and/or the concentrated mass are stably introduced into the main flow.

According to the invention, on a circle, above one or more axes of rotation kept perpendicular to the main flow, a low pressure is generated on certain faces and/or devices due to the overflowing main flow, by means of which low pressure the axial flow is introduced into the In the main flow, the inflow from the main flow spirally into the vortex chamber at the same time creates a potential vortex under the action of overpressure, and the rotation axis of the potential vortex is consistent with the rotation axis perpendicular to the main flow. In the potential vortex, the peripheral velocity is increased by decreasing the radius and producing a concentrated velocity and/or a concentrated mass towards the outlet of the vortex-related, e.g. nozzle-shaped, series of vortex chambers arranged above the vertical axis of rotation, The low pressure of the main flow acts on it, and the concentrated mass translates coaxially over the axis of rotation. Different concentrated velocities on its axis of rotation are produced in each potential vortex along the vertical axis of rotation, the maximum achievable concentrated velocity and concentrated mass being in the potential vortex farthest from the low pressure side of the main flow. According to the number of potential vortices arranged on the vertical axis of rotation, the concentrated velocity produced in the low-pressure action direction of the main flow is reduced in this way, that is, the outer peripheral velocity of the central flow flowing out from the outlet of each potential vortex is the same as that in the low-pressure surface of the main flow The velocity of the vortex center above the vertical axis of the potential vortex flowing through in the inner space is close to the same. The stratified vortex center fluid thus synthesized in the direction of the main flow then undergoes a time-dependent expansion phase in the region below the low-pressure area of the main flow, during which the concentrated mass remains in this stratified center fluid due to the high pressure. Stable, so that the natural vortex with a ratio of diameter to length approximately less than or equal to 1:6 is transformed into a shape-stable vortex with high concentrated velocity, high concentrated mass and high circulation volume.

According to the invention, the concentrable inflow area of the vortex-generating device can be considerably enlarged, wherein new flow shapes are created by the produced stratified and stable vortex center fluid and energy is concentrated for utilization. This results in an increased efficiency of the concentrating process and a smaller rotating die cross-section for part of the larger mass flow through the main flow. According to the invention, by virtue of the eddy currents in the parallel flow forming induced swirl circles by their own induction, a high induced additional velocity of the part is generated relative to the main flow, which can be used for concentrated mass transport to generate available energy. The vortices inserted in the swirl flow can be wound into vortex coils, thereby producing axially induced additional velocity which accelerates the driven swirl flow through a vertical axis rotor with which the present invention operates.

The second device for carrying out the method according to the invention consists of a hollow cylinder with lateral helical openings arranged above the axis of rotation. The inflow hole of the hollow cylinder is arranged perpendicular to the inflow, and its bottom surface is closed. On the other end face of the hollow cylinder there is provided a cover surface with an outlet opening concentric to the base circle, which cover surface can be formed, for example, as a truncated cone in the base circle. A further conical partition wall with a central flow hole on the base circle of the hollow cylinder is provided over the entire length of the axis of rotation of the hollow cylinder perpendicular to the inflow, thereby forming a vortex chamber. The central flow openings of these vortex chambers are defined in such a way that the outlet holes of the truncated cone of the cover surface of the hollow cylinder have the largest radius, while the radii of all the flow holes arranged inside the hollow cylinder are each smaller by a certain amount. The value of , which is derived from the hydrodynamic conditions that create the vortex in the vortex chamber. The radius reduction may be approximately 0.65r, where r indicates the larger radius in the direction of the orifice.

When a parallel flow, a parallel swirl flow or a helical swirl flow flows through the second device according to the invention, the volume flow flowing in as a whole is divided into different acting volume flows. The vertical inflow above the inflow cross-section of the hollow cylinder generates a high pressure in the region of the base as far as below the hollow cylinder coverage. The effect of high pressure is greatest in the vortex chamber with the smallest flow radius. The high pressure in the vortex chamber decreases as the flow area increases. An overpressure difference is created above the vertical axis of rotation, with a decrease in high pressure, resulting in a larger initial value of the peripheral speed on the outer radius of the vortex chamber and expansion chamber.

At the same time, in the vortex chamber of the hollow cylinder, the circulation of the potential vortex is generated along the direction of the outlet hole. This circulation can be calculated according to the law of rotational momentum and remains constant when the cross-section of the scroll tube is changed. The outlet openings and throughflow openings represent a cross-sectional change if this cross-sectional change simultaneously prescribes a change in direction in translation due to the low pressure acting above the outlet opening. The diameters of the outflow openings and through-flow openings are characteristic for determining the concentration velocity, while the nozzle-shaped reduction in the diameter of the vortex chamber arranged below is crucial for the concentration mass process. The opening angle of the nozzle cone is selectable so that the potentially high pressure converted into kinetic energy accelerates the outer peripheral velocity of the outgoing central vortex. Mass flow can be through a potential vortex with a natural transport mechanism. Theoretically speaking, according to the potential vortex theory, the streamline concentric circles of the velocity field are also the traces of the mass point through which the massless flow passes. In the actual potential vortex, the concentric circles of streamlines and tracklines form a tube-shaped standard potential according to the law of conservation of rotational momentum, and this standard potential can be distinguished by the peripheral velocity. This standard potential must remain constant. Similar to the semiconductor model described in electrotechnology, this potential can also be represented as a space charge state in fluids. Energetic masses can be arranged in negative space charge states in positive massless space. This allows the actual mechanism of mass transfer to be seen in the eddy currents. When exchanging particle positions inside the potential vortex, due to the law of energy conservation, the missing particles must be replenished, and for the same reason, the natural standard potential on the concentric circles of the velocity field must remain unchanged. The migration mechanism can be described as the helical position exchange of many particles opposite to the rotation direction of the potential vortex. In this exchange of positions, the particle is accelerated from a smaller peripheral velocity to a higher peripheral velocity under the action of potential energy by gravity. The exchange of positions takes place at least with momentum velocity, so the standard potential remains constant according to the moment of inertia of the standard potential, and the centrifugal force has no blocking effect on the mass flow. Mass flow is achieved with practically no energy loss and is only determined by the low pressure above the orifice.

The vortex center with the highest peripheral velocity forms a radius of 0.65 times its generator radius, which is determined by the outlet opening of the hollow cylinder. Produce a central vortex according to the present invention, its minimum outer peripheral velocity is positioned on the radius of hollow cylinder outlet hole, and its maximum peripheral velocity then is positioned on the 0.65r of the outlet hole of swirl chamber, and this maximum peripheral velocity furthest from the outlet hole of the hollow cylinder. Through the expansion stage in the vortex chamber below the outlet hole of the hollow cylinder, the stratified vortex center fluid is stabilized into a vortex with a synthetic peripheral velocity field, which is achieved by the diameter of the outlet hole and the height of the vortex chamber A ratio of approximately less than and equal to 1:6 is characterized, for example. The outflow cross-section, the high pressure of the hollow cylinder and the acting low pressure determine the transfer velocity of the central vortex. Therefore, the potential energy of the high pressure that creates the stratified central vortex in the hollow cylinder cannot act radially, but is converted into kinetic energy by the nozzle shape below the outlet hole of the hollow cylinder, and this kinetic energy causes a stable vortex The acceleration of the outer peripheral speed.

The result is a stable, structurally adjustable and enhanced central vortex with high concentrated velocity and/or high concentrated mass and high circulation volume. Creates all the conditions for the new vortex shape to exist before flowing into the main flow. The circulation and concentrated mass of such a central vortex can be fully used, for example, in the induction process for producing the vortex circle. The concentrated velocity and concentrated mass of the compressible fluid increases power compared to a simple circulation without a concentrated mass.

This can be derived from the relationship for calculating the induced center velocity of the swirl circle, which is the product of the circulation and the number of swirls divided by the length of the swirl ring. According to the invention, the number of potential vortices is concentrated by the circulation produced in a space, so that a much larger total circulation can be arranged on this circle.

According to the invention, the circulation volume and space requirements of the eddy current can be adapted to the structure and energy requirements of the transducer.

The new effect produced by the method according to the invention is the combination of a time-dependent concentrated velocity process under the action of high pressure with an axially concentrated velocity in a quasi-enclosed space and the formation of a central vortex of the concentrated mass.

The second device of the invention can likewise be used in all fluids in which energy concentrations are to be produced.

Several embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and described in detail below. The accompanying drawings indicate:

Fig. 1 represents a schematic longitudinal section of the first device embodiment;

Fig. 2 represents a cross-section of Fig. 1 embodiment;

Fig. 3 shows a schematic longitudinal section of the second device embodiment;

Fig. 4 represents the schematic cross-sectional view of Fig. 3 embodiment section A-A;

Fig. 5 shows a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the particle motion mechanism in a potential vortex.

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a first device, on a base 1 a hollow cylinder 2 and a helical envelope vortex generator 3 are arranged. Hollow cylinder 2 has an inflow hole 4 on its outer peripheral surface, and its end face is covered with a cover surface 5, and the center of cover surface 5 is provided with an outflow hole 6, and the radius of outflow hole 6 and the hollow cylinder The outer radius of 2 can adjust the concentration velocity of a potential central vortex to be manufactured. The amount of circulation is only determined by the outer radius of the hollow cylinder 2 and the outer peripheral velocity.

Due to the reason of energy conservation, the amount of circulation produced at one time must remain equal when the cross-section changes and the vortex translates.

An enveloping vortex generator 3 with the same axis of rotation of an enveloping vortex is arranged on the base 1 . The generator consists of a cylinder 7 which is open on one side and whose cross section 8 is helical. A hollow cylinder 2 with the same center is arranged in the cylinder 7 . The outer circumferential surface of the hollow cylinder 2 and the helically open inner circumferential surface of the cylinder 7 have a hydrodynamically defined distance above the inflow opening 4 of the hollow cylinder 2 . The flow space 9 formed in this way serves to produce a flow around the outside of the hollow cylinder 2 .

In the area of the inflow opening 4 of the hollow cylinder 2 , the peripheral surface 10 of the cylinder 7 is bored, the opening 11 ending in the inflow opening 4 below the covering surface 5 . The cover surface 5 preferably consists of a frustoconical surface, the smallest diameter of which is formed by the outlet opening 6 . The circumferential surface of the helical cylinder 7 , which is open on one side, protrudes beyond the hollow cylinder 2 by a hydrodynamically determined length, but at least approximately twice the length of the hollow cylinder 2 . This results in an ideal overall height when the eddy currents of the outflow are stably inserted into the main flow to be generated by the inflow. Empirical trials with different dimensions are required here.

The circumferential surface 10 forms an inflow cross-section 12 arranged perpendicular to the main flow. The inflow cross section 12 is enlarged by the bore 11 so that the main flow can likewise flow vertically through the inflow hole 4 .

When the fluid flows through the first device of the invention, three volume flows act on the same axis of rotation during the start-up phase.

The partial volume flow into the inlet opening 4 generates a high pressure and a correspondingly reduced outer peripheral velocity in the hollow cylinder 2 , from which a circulation is generated in the hollow cylinder 2 .

The helical inflow of the partial volume flow into the inlet cross section 12 in the area of the inlet opening 4 through the cylinder 7 generates a swirl around the hollow cylinder 2 which has a translational component and remains constant beyond the cover surface 5 . At the same time, the vertical inflow flowing through the inflow hole 4 is superimposed by this swirling flow, so that the outer peripheral velocity and the circulation of the hollow cylinder 2 are increased.

The partial volume flow flowing in in the region of the inflow cross section 12 above the bore 11 creates a swirling tubular vortex. This tubular vortex produces a rapid rotation above the outlet hole 6, thereby forming a low pressure center and acting above the outlet hole 6. If the full fluid state is established after the start-up phase, a suction process begins in the inlet hole 4 of the hollow cylinder 2 through the outlet hole 6, which is caused by the low-pressure center of the vortex-shaped envelope vortex above the outlet hole 6 The size of the low pressure is determined.

The potential vortex produced in the cylinder 2 forms a vortex center according to 0.65 of the radius of the inlet hole, and the highest peripheral velocity is maintained at this vortex center.

Such a translatable potential central vortex has an adjustable circulation within the hollow cylinder 2 according to the law of conservation of rotational momentum.

This potential central vortex is drawn into the low-pressure center of the envelope vortex, thereby producing an acceleration of peripheral velocity within the hollow cylinder 2 . At the same time, due to the high peripheral velocity of the envelope vortex when the boundary layer rotates to the center of low pressure, the envelope vortex pushes the inflowing potential center vortex outward, so that the high pressure in the potential center vortex decompresses into kinetic energy, and produce a steady acceleration.

According to the invention, the low-pressure center of the envelope vortex passes through the frusto-conical covering surface 5 and the diameter of the potential central vortex to flow out in the area of the outlet opening 6 in the area of the outlet opening 6, so that the boundary layer provided becomes effective. In this way, the potential center vortex can flow into the low pressure center without disturbance. Thus, the two vortices merge into a new vortex shape without external disturbance inflow.

FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of the second device, in which a hollow cylinder 22 is provided on the bottom surface 21 and a helical opening of the hollow cylinder is provided towards the inflow cross section 31 . The hollow cylinder 22 is covered by a cover surface 26 . A nozzle cone 32 with an outlet opening 30 is arranged on the base circle of the hollow cylinder 22 . An expansion chamber 33 is formed below the nozzle cone 32 , which is delimited by a throughflow opening 28 of the nozzle cone 25 of the swirl chamber 35 . Arranged below the swirl chamber 35 is a swirl chamber 36 which is formed by the nozzle cone 24 with the central throughflow opening 29 and the nozzle cone 23 with the outlet opening 30 . A swirl chamber 27 is defined by the bottom surface 21 . The expansion chamber 33 and the vortex chamber 35 ; 36 ; 37 communicate with the inflow cross section 31 via a spiral inlet, not shown in the figures.

The circulation Γ in the case of a spiral inlet is determined by the mean inlet radius re and the flow velocity maintained at this radius. The circulation is calculated according to the following formula: Γ=Ve·2π·re

From this it can be concluded that the high pressure that builds up in the expansion chamber 33 and the swirl chamber 35 ; 36 ; 37 due to the smaller outflow and throughflow openings reduces the mean inflow velocity and correspondingly reduces the circulation volume. This reduction in velocity counteracts an area-shaped low pressure acting above the outlet opening 27 . The means for generating the low pressure, which are not shown in detail in the figures, can be chosen arbitrarily, but an undisturbed delivery of the fluid in the center of the vortex should be a condition. The higher circulation produced once by means of the effect of low pressure must remain constant in the interior of the vortex chambers 35 ; 36 ; 37 and in the expansion chamber 33 for reasons of energy conservation during cross-sectional changes and fluid transfers in the vortex centers.

When the fluid flows through the second device, the volume flow is divided into four unequal fractions and flows helically into the expansion chamber 33 and the vortex chamber 35; 36; 37. Depending on the high pressure generated, the helical inflow in the inner chamber 33 ; 35 ; 36 ; 37 is transformed into a potential vortex shape, so that the peripheral speed increases in the direction of the axis of rotation 34 . The maximum peripheral velocity is generated at the center of the vortex. The vortex center caused by the outlet hole 27 and the through hole 28; 29; 30 can be adjusted with a radius of 0.65. That is to say, due to the law of energy conservation, a larger peripheral velocity is generated as the outlet hole gradually becomes smaller. This has been demonstrated experimentally and is reproducible. The circulation Z1 produced in the vortex chamber 37 above the throughflow opening 30 forms a vortex center of 0.65r ₁₀ after the end of the start-up phase. The vortex center of the vortex chamber 36 passes through the flow opening 29 whose diameter is chosen to correspond to the outer circumferential speed of the circulation Z1. The circulation Z2 envelops the circulation Z1. The circulation Z3 envelops the circulation Z2, and the circulation Z4 envelops the circulation Z3. All swirl centers Z1 to Z4 are produced according to the radii of the outlet or through-holes and are present independently in such a stratified swirl center fluid as long as there is a peripheral velocity difference in the boundary layer. Due to the ever-decreasing high pressure towards the outlet opening 27, a maximum high pressure potential remains in the cross-section of the circulation Z1 above the axis of rotation. Since the high pressure per unit area above the outflow surface 27 is equal, the maximum migration velocity is generated in the circulation Z1 due to the pressure difference between the high pressure and the low pressure. In this way, the potentials required for Z2 to Z4 to move and rotate to the rotation axis 34 are stabilized. The stabilization of the vortex can be achieved in the expansion chamber 33 by averaging all peripheral velocities into a resultant velocity field. Since the circulation volume, concentrated velocity and concentrated mass must remain constant as area integrals, a real vortex conforming to these conditions of existence is constituted.

4 shows the circulations Z1 to Z4 in cross-section, the volume flow flowing in through the inflow cross-section 31 is guided and separated by the helical orifice of the hollow cylinder 22 below and above the nozzle cone 25, the nozzle cone The outflow hole of the body 25 is located below the circulation Z4 and corresponds to the inner boundary layer line of the circulation Z4.

The fluid in the center of the vortex parallel to the axis of rotation 34 is translated in translation by the high pressure and by the low pressure acting above the outlet orifice 27 . The mass fraction subtracted from the respective fluid cross sections in the expansion chamber 33 and the vortex chamber 35 ; 36 ; 37 must be replenished while the rotation is maintained. Since no mass flow occurs in potential vortex theory, energy transfer must be lossless. As shown in the schematic diagram of Fig. 5, the position exchange of the particles in the potential vortex supported in the discharged space of the corresponding boundary layer is carried out on the plane opposite to the rotation direction of the thermal vortex, inward and downward by gravity. Figure 5 schematically describes such a location exchange process. It can be seen from the figure that the mass point with a slower peripheral velocity forms a tube-shaped standard potential N1 on the outer radius, and the standard potential is equal on the entire height. The standard potential N2 represents a higher peripheral velocity due to the reduced radius, as do the standard potentials N3 and N4. When a particle represented by a black sphere is pulled into the axial flow, an empty space is briefly created, which is represented by a white sphere, the so-called interstitial sphere, on the concentric streamlines. Due to the gravitational effect and the potential effect of a faster peripheral velocity, a particle accelerates from an external standard potential N3 back to the standard potential N4 on the vacancy. The vacancy on the standard potential N3 is occupied by a particle of the standard potential N2, so the interstitial sphere is transferred to the standard potential N1. The particles move inward into the vortex, and the interstitial balls leave the vortex in the opposite direction. Both the potential and gravitational effects of peripheral velocity can be seen, so the mass flow through a potential vortex is only related to the translational velocity of the fluid in the center of the vortex. These processes are repeatable.

Claims (11)

1. A method for the generation and energy utilization of high circulation vortices in parallel main streams, which can be directly used as parallel flows or indirectly as parallel swirls generated by parallel flows and/or as helical swirls in the fluid model Utilization, characterized in that at least two vortices are created in a main flow on a corresponding one of the many axes of rotation perpendicular to the inflow, one is an inner vortex created in a hollow cylinder as a potential under high pressure The vortex and the other strand are enveloped outer vortices manufactured in a cylinder with a spiral opening on one side. As an enveloped vortex under the action of fluid pressure, the potential vortex on the rotation axis is separated by a certain hydrodynamic distance and is controlled by the envelope. Enveloping vortex acceleration produces and creates a high circulation potential central vortex with a fixed diameter vortex center, this diameter is fixed or adjusted by high pressure, and at the same time forms a low pressure center in the envelope vortex above the potential central vortex , the low pressure acts on the cross-section of the potential central vortex of the outlet hole of the hollow cylinder, and draws the potential central vortex into the center of the low pressure, and the potential central vortex passes through the higher peripheral velocity of the envelope vortex or through a pressure gradient of the high pressure Accelerates, flows steadily into the main flow to be generated, and utilizes energy in this main flow, for example by forming an induced vortex. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in a main flow, on a circle on a plurality of axes of rotation perpendicular to the inflow, a corresponding one of the rotations between a low-pressure-acting outflow hole, a throughflow hole and a bottom surface On the shaft, the spiral inflow enters the vortex chamber to generate many interconnected potential vortices, and in these potential vortices, a central vortex with the largest distance to the outlet hole and a vortex tube with a smaller distance to the outlet hole are created, And through the coaxial acceleration of the low pressure in the direction of the outflow hole, a multi-layer central vortex is produced, and the multi-layer central vortex flows through an expansion stage and a stable stage, and its length is determined by an assumed natural vortex length; Energy utilization is achieved by directing a steady, concentrated mass and/or concentrated velocity vortex into the main flow. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a plurality of envelope vortices form energy concentration stages on a rotational axis. 4. Device for generation and energy utilization of vortices of high circulation, with an inflow cross-section arranged perpendicular to the inflow through a main flow and with means for generating at least two vortices, characterized in that: on a bottom surface (1) with a rotation axis Concentrically arranged a hollow cylinder (2) and an envelope vortex generator (3) surrounding the hollow cylinder (2), the hollow cylinder (2) has an inlet opening (4) and a preferably cut-off Conical covering surface (5), and the envelope vortex generator (3) then consists of a cylinder with a peripheral surface (10) perforated on one side, and its cross section (8) is helical (7) constitutes, the cylinder (7) protrudingly arranged outside the hollow cylinder (2), forming a flow space (9) between the hollow cylinder (2) and the envelope vortex generator (3), including The inflow cross-section (12) of the vortex generator (3) is interrupted on the peripheral surface (10) by an orifice (11), which is behind the hollow cylinder (2) in the direction of rotation and The vertical inflow line forms a certain angle, preferably at an angle of 30 degrees, and an inflow hole (4) is arranged; the outflow hole (6) of the hollow cylinder (2) is arranged at most in the envelope vortex generator (3) at half height. 5. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that a plurality of bases (1) with hollow cylinders (2) and enveloping vortex generators (3) are arranged on one or more planar concentric circles. 6. 4. The device as claimed in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the bases (1) in one or more planes have the eddy-current-generating components (2, 3) arranged rotatably as a rotationally symmetrical unit. 7. A device for the generation and energy utilization of high-volume vortices, with an inflow cross-section arranged perpendicularly to the inflow flowing through a main flow and with means for generating at least two vortices, characterized in that: on a bottom surface (21) and a A hollow cylinder (22) is provided concentrically to the axis of rotation, which has a helical opening towards an inflow cross-section (31) and a covering surface (26), in which the A nozzle cone (32) with a central outlet hole (27) is provided on the base circle of the hollow cylinder (22), and a nozzle cone (27; 25) forms a nozzle cone (27; 25) in the hollow cylinder (22). The expansion chamber (33) forms the vortex chamber via the nozzle cone (25; 24; 23); the flow hole (13; 29; 28) expands in a hydrodynamically determined ratio towards the outlet hole (27). 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that a plurality of bases (21) with hollow cylinders (22) are arranged on a plane and/or concentric circles of several planes. 9. The device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that a plurality of bases (21) with hollow cylinders (22) in one or more planes form a vertical axis rotor as a rotationally symmetrical unit which can be arranged in rotation. 10. The device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that a plurality of bases (21) with hollow cylinders (22) in one or more planes form a horizontal axis rotor as a rotationally symmetrical unit which can be arranged in rotation. 11. 2. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one or more axes of rotation are moved relative to the fluid.

Images