CN1217349A - 用于制备基于异氰酸酯的硬质泡沫体的存储稳定、含发泡剂的乳液 - Google Patents
用于制备基于异氰酸酯的硬质泡沫体的存储稳定、含发泡剂的乳液 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1217349A CN1217349A CN98120640A CN98120640A CN1217349A CN 1217349 A CN1217349 A CN 1217349A CN 98120640 A CN98120640 A CN 98120640A CN 98120640 A CN98120640 A CN 98120640A CN 1217349 A CN1217349 A CN 1217349A
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Classifications
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Abstract
用于制备基于异氰酸酯的硬质泡沫体的存储稳定、含发泡剂、不含卤素的乳液,包含a)含有可与异氰酸酯基团反应的氢原子的化合物,b)水,c)进行物理作用的不含卤素的发泡剂,如果需要,还含d)在聚氨酯化学中常用的助剂和/或添加剂,其中组分a)包括具有官能度大于1.5且羟值为10-100mgKOH/g的聚醚醇,其用量基于组分a)的质量,为0.2-80质量%,并且不含卤素的物理发泡剂c)为具有3-10个碳原子的烃。
Description
本发明涉及用于制备基于异氰酸酯的硬质泡沫体的存储稳定的含发泡剂的乳液。
基于异氰酸酯的硬质泡沫体的生产及其作为绝热材料的应用已公知许久,其在文献中广有描述。作为由异氰酸酯基团形成的化学结构,这些泡沫体可包括聚氨酯,聚脲,聚异氰脲酸酯,也包括其它异氰酸酯加成物如脲基甲酸酯,缩二脲,碳化二亚胺及其异氰酸酯加成物,噁唑烷酮,聚酰亚胺,聚酰胺等。这些结构类型由与异氰酸酯反应的物质,催化和反应条件控制。这些异氰酸酯加成物通常概括为聚氨酯(PUR),这是因为聚氨酯在多异氰酸酯加成物中,是最广泛且最重要的一类物质。基于异氰酸酯的硬质泡沫体因此也经常被称作硬质PUR泡沫体,或在异氰脲酸酯基团占明显比例情况下,也被称作硬质聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫体(硬质PUR/PIR泡沫体)。
这些硬质泡沫体的生产描述在如《塑料手册(Kunststoff-Handbuch)》,第Ⅶ卷,“聚氨酯”,第3版,由Günter Oertl编辑,Carl-Hanser-Verlag,Munich,Vienna,1993。
为获得非常细泡孔的硬质聚氨酯泡沫体,将发泡剂乳化在聚氨酯形成组分中是有益的。
EP-A-351614描述了一种制备聚氨酯泡沫体的方法,其中,将乳化在至少一种聚氨酯形成组分中的全氟化烃用作发泡剂。DE-A-4143148描述了含至少6个碳原子的异烷烃及低沸氟化或全氟化有机化合物的发泡剂乳液。DE-A-4200558描述了氟化合物与包括环戊烷在内的4-8个碳原子烃的混合。DE-A-4121161也描述了含氟化发泡剂的乳液。
使用这些乳液制备的乳液泡沫体具有非常小的泡孔,导致了低的热传导性。制备这些乳液的一个前提是伴随使用至少一种高氟化和/或全氟化化合物,以及如需要的话,还有其它的发泡剂如烃。
其它不同的乳液泡沫体描述在如EP-A-405439,WO96/25455,US-A-5,346,928或EP-A-662494中,其目的是提供用于真空技术的开孔的泡沫体。
WO95/02620描述了通过乳液方法制备用于真空技术的微小和开孔的泡沫体产品,其中乳液的制备是借助一种惰性有机液体,该液体不溶于聚氨酯形成组分中,其作为微乳液的分散相而存在。作为惰性有机液体,还得使用高氟化或全氟化化合物。所有这些出版物均表明氟化化合物对乳液形成的重要性。
尽管这些化合物的臭氧破坏能力(ODP)为零,但氟化物仍增强了全球温室效应(GWP),此外,这些化合物在大气中分解成酸性且对环境破坏的分解产物,特别是氟化氢。
不含卤素的乳液泡沫体描述在EP-A-394769中。它包括至少一种聚酯醇,一种乳化剂和细微的氮气。JP08/193115描述了一种不含卤素的乳液,其包括一种聚酯醇和一种由聚醚醇和异氰酸酯生成的预聚物。DE-A-4328383描述了一种多醇组分,其包括一种作为乳液存在的仅部分溶解的烃发泡剂。此多醇组分包括至少一种含环氧乙烷基团的聚醚醇和至少一种不含环氧乙烷基团的聚醚醇。其缺点是含环氧乙烷基团的聚醚醇固有的高反应性。这就必需使用少量催化剂以设定期望的成纤时间,其后果是反应在达到成纤时间之后变得更慢,泡沫体不能很好地固化。最后,模具中发泡时的脱模时间不期望地延长,或在双带工艺中的工作速度降低。此外,所描述的乳液的存储期限非常短。
US-A-5,488,071,US-A-5,484,817和US-A-5,464,562建议使用脂肪醇作为引发剂的单官能团聚烯化氧聚醚醇作为乳化剂,而聚酯醇作为多醇组分。然而,这些乳液没有足够的存储稳定性。此外,使用这些单官能团乳化剂极大地减少了多醇混合物的官能度。这减少了泡沫体的交联,随之而来的缺点是损害反应混合物的固化,使硬质泡沫体的热稳定性变差。当如在DE-A-4109076中描述的使用无官能团的乳化剂如邻苯二甲酸苄基正丁基酯时,聚氨酯对覆盖层的粘着力,以及泡沫体的热稳定性均在较大程度上变差。
本发明的一个目的是制备存储稳定、不含卤素、含有烃作为发泡剂的乳液,以制备基于异氰酸酯的硬质泡沫体,该乳液可加工成具有改善性能如改善的热稳定性及反应混合物具有良好固化的硬质泡沫体。
我们已发现,该目的可通过使用具有官能度大于1.5和羟值10-100mg KOH/g的聚醚醇物质作为多醇组分中反应性乳液稳定剂来实现。
本发明相应提供一种存储稳定、不含卤素的乳液,包括
a)含可与异氰酸酯基团反应的氢原子的化合物,
b)水,
c)不含卤素的物理发泡剂,如果需要,还含
d)在聚氨酯化学中常用的助剂和/或添加剂,
其中组分a)包括具有官能度大于1.5且羟值10-100mg KOH/g的聚醚醇,其用量基于组分a)的质量,为0.2~80质量%,并且不含卤素的物理发泡剂c)为具有3-10个碳原子的烃。
同时,本发明通过该乳液与多异氰酸酯反应,提供一种制备基于异氰酸酯的硬质泡沫体的方法,以及通过使用该方法提供基于异氰酸酯的硬质泡沫体。
本发明所使用的聚醚醇优选具有官能度为2.5-3.5且羟值为25-50mg KOH/g,特别地,其用量基于组分a)的质量,为1~50质量%。
对于物理发泡剂c),优选使用戊烷,特别是环戊烷。基于组分a)-d)的总量,物理发泡剂用量为至少5质量%~至多25质量%,优选12质量%~21质量%。
基于组分a)-d)的总量,水b)的量为0.01质量%-质量5%,优选0.35质量%-2质量%,特别是0.5质量%-1.5质量%。
现已发现,使用由将环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷加成到甘油或三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)上制备的聚醚多醇是非常有益的。烯化氧在聚醚链上的排列可以是嵌段或是无规的,末端环氧乙烷嵌段通常加在链的尾端。
本发明所使用的聚醚醇通常可溶于反应混合物中,但在特殊情况下也可不溶。本发明的乳液通常为奶状浑浊,但也可目视为透明状。可通过将物理发泡剂c)计量加入到组分a),b)和c)的混合物中进行乳化。该乳液具有几周的存储期限。也可仅在发泡前,在混合头中或仅在计量单元的混合头前,通过将组分c)加入到组分a),b)和d)中进行乳化。
惊异的是,根据本发明,使用通常用于柔韧聚氨酯泡沫体的生产的聚醚醇可以得到稳定的含发泡剂乳液。
该乳液可与常规多异氰酸酯反应以获得基于异氰酸酯的硬质泡沫体。所使用的多异氰酸酯优选为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)及MDI与多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯的混合物(粗MDI)。
对于乳液的各个组分,下面将进行详细的说明。
对于含有可与异氰酸酯基团反应的氢原子的组分a),除上述聚醚醇之外,还可使用NH-、NH2-、特别是OH-官能团化合物。在使用OH-官能团化合物情况下,特别优选使用聚醚醇和/或聚酯醇。聚醚醇是通过将低级烯化氧,优选环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷加成到OH-和/或NH-官能团引发剂物质上来进行制备。用于本发明乳液的OH-官能团引发剂物质优选在分子中具有4或更多OH基团。这种引发剂物质的例子为糖醇如蔗糖,山梨醇,木糖醇,甘露糖醇或酚醛缩合物如酚醛清漆。NH-官能团引发剂物质的例子为脂族和优选芳族胺如甲苯二胺(TDA),二苯基甲烷二胺(MDA),如果需要,还可是与多-MDA的混合物。
优选使用聚酯醇物质,具体地,其通过多官能团羧酸与多官能团醇缩合来制备。
为获得有稍许柔韧性的硬质泡沫体,特别地使用基于芳族多元酸或在分子中具有双键的酸的聚酯醇,特别优选分子中同时具有这两种类型酸的聚酯醇。
而且,可使用胺官能团和特别是羟基官能团的扩链剂和/或交联剂。这些通常为双官能团或更高官能团的醇,该醇的分子量为约62~400。
除了上述作为物理发泡剂c)的烃外,也可使用不含卤素的发泡剂,如甲酸甲酯,甲缩醛,低分子量醇,二乙醚,丙酮等。
对于视需要使用的助剂和/或添加剂d),通常使用常规和公知的催化剂,泡孔调节剂,稳定剂,阻燃剂和/或填料。
各组分更详细的资料可参见《塑料手册》,第Ⅶ卷,“聚氨酯”,由Günter Oertl博士编辑,第3版,1993,Carl-Hanser-Verlag,Munich。
本发明的乳液可稳定地存储多天,数周,甚至几个月。它们可毫无问题地在常规机器上使用来生产聚氨酯。
通过以下实施例来阐述本发明。使用的原料:多醇多醇1:
其制备为:25.2份山梨醇和74.8份环氧丙烷,催化剂为氢氧化钾,0.5份水作为共引发剂。羟值(OH值或OHN)为495mg KOH/g,20℃时的粘度为17,900mPas。官能度:5。多醇2:
其制备为:由蔗糖/丙三醇/水和环氧丙烷制备。羟值为490mgKOH/g,20℃时的粘度为8000mPas。官能度:4.3。多醇3:
由蔗糖(1份),季戊四醇(1份),二乙二醇(2份),共引发剂水和环氧丙烷制备,催化剂为氢氧化钾。羟值为400mg KOH/g,20℃时的粘度为2200mPas。多醇4:
其制备为:28%的2,3-和3,4-甲苯二胺混合物,22%的环氧乙烷和50%的环氧丙烷,催化剂为氢氧化钾。羟值为395mg KOH/g,20℃时的粘度为8176mPas。多醇5:
聚酯醇,由1∶2∶1的己二酸/邻苯二甲酸酐/油酸和1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷制备,数均分子量为530g/mol。羟值为385mg KOH/g,75℃时的粘度为1370mPas。多醇5a:
聚酯醇,由丙三醇和蓖麻油制备,羟值为500mg KOH/g。多醇6:多醇6a:
其制备为:丙三醇为引发剂,环氧丙烷作为第一嵌段,环氧乙烷作为末端嵌段。羟值为35mg KOH/g,20℃时的粘度为850mPas。环氧丙烷对环氧乙烷的质量比率为6.4。多醇6b:
其制备为:引发剂为三羟甲基丙烷,环氧丙烷作为第一嵌段,环氧乙烷作为末端嵌段。羟值为26.5mg KOH/g,20℃时的粘度为1225mPas。环氧丙烷对环氧乙烷的质量比率为3.7。多醇6c:
其制备为:丙三醇为引发剂,环氧丙烷作为第一嵌段,环氧乙烷作为末端嵌段。羟值为28mg KOH/g,20℃时的粘度为1130mPas。环氧丙烷对环氧乙烷的质量比率为6.1。多醇6d:
其制备为:由作为引发剂的丙二醇和环氧丙烷制备。羟值为55mgKOH/g,20℃时的粘度为325mPas。多醇6e:
其制备为:木质素和单乙二醇的引发剂混合物,环氧乙烷作为第一嵌段,环氧丙烷作为末端嵌段。羟值为50mg KOH/g,20℃时的粘度为850mPas。多醇6f:
其制备为:作为引发剂的丙二醇。环氧丙烷作为第一嵌段,环氧乙烷作为末端嵌段。羟值为29mg KOH/g,20℃时的粘度为780mPas。环氧丙烷对环氧乙烷的质量比率为4.4。多醇7:
由三羟甲基丙烷和环氧乙烷制备,羟值为590mg KOH/g。异氰酸酯1:
多异氰酸酯LupranatM20(BASF AG),二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯的混合物,NCO含量为31.7%,25℃时的粘度为209mPas。异氰酸酯2:
多异氰酸酯LupranatM50(BASF AG),二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯的混合物,NCO含量为31.5%,25℃时的粘度为550mPas。异氰酸酯3:
多异氰酸酯LupranatM200(BASF AG),二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯的混合物,NCO含量为30.5%,25℃时的粘度为2200mPas。
除非特别指出,份数均为重量份数。乳液的制备和测定:
将160ml活性氢化合物,稳定剂,催化剂和作为物理发泡剂的烃如环戊烷的乳液进行混合后,倒入直径3cm,高20cm的试管中,用塞子封闭该试管,将其保持在室温下。观察随时间推移乳液的分相情况。硬质聚氨酯或聚氨酯/聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫体的制备和测试:杯中发泡:
将组分A和B恒温加热至20℃±0.5K。使用直径65mm的Vollrath实验室搅拌器,在1750rpm下,将78gA和B组分在容量约660ml的纸板杯中混合10秒钟。A对B组分的比率相应于相应的配方。A组分为使用的多醇、助剂和发泡剂的预混物,而B组分由多异氰酸酯构成。对于正在起发的泡沫,以已知方法测定其乳白期、起发时间和成纤时间。对于固化的泡沫体,泡沫体密度,亦即表中的密度以公知的方法测定。目测泡孔的细度,分为“细泡孔”(FC)和“非常细泡孔”(VFC)。与显微镜测量进行比较,显示出”FC”的泡孔直径为300μm~400μm,”VFC”的小于250μm。硬质泡沫体成型品的生产及其测试
使用Elastogran的PUROMATHD 30高压发泡机进行混合。设定混合比率以对应于配方。
将离开混合头的576g A组分和异氰酸酯的混合物倒入加热至45℃的模具中,该模具尺寸为300mm×400mm×80mm(9.6升模具),随后将其封紧。形成1.1~2.0密实度的泡沫体。成型品的整体密度为60±1Kg/m3。对于其它不同情况,通过将672g或768g发泡混合物倒入同样模具来设定整体密度为70±1Kg/m3或80±1Kg/m3,其密实度为1.5~2。在本发明的比较例和实施例中,NCO指数,即NCO对活性氢基团的摩尔比率以及成纤时间保持恒定。
对一些PUR/PIR配方,将250g发泡混合物进料到2.5升铝压烧瓶中(相应整体密度100Kg/m3),将其封紧,在200℃下存储4周,有时在220℃下存储2周(烧瓶试验)。然后目测该泡沫体。在类似于杯中发泡的手工发泡试验情况下,相应使用容积0.5升的较小铝烧瓶,其中装入的混合物为50g。
下表显示出本发明与非本发明实施例相比较的发泡试验的结果。实施例1~6
硬质PUR泡沫体配方(杯中发泡)
Goldschmidt的稳定剂
催化剂:叔胺混合物
C=比较试验,
E=没有相分离的乳液,
PP=相分离,部分,PC=相分离,完全,FC=细泡孔,
VFC=依据目测估计的非常细泡孔,在新鲜乳液状态下的反应时间
实施例 | 1(C) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
多醇1 | 57.3 | 57.3 | 57.3 | 57.3 | 57.3 | 57.3 |
多醇3 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 |
二丙二醇 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 |
丙三醇 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
稳定剂B8423 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
催化剂 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
水 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
总和 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
环戊烷 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 |
多醇6a | 1.0 | |||||
多醇6b | 1.0 | |||||
多醇6c | 1.0 | |||||
多醇6d | 1.0 | |||||
多醇6e | 1.0 | |||||
异氰酸酯1 | 143.0 | 143.0 | 143.0 | 143.0 | 143.0 | 143.0 |
乳白期,秒 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 |
成纤时间,秒 | 65 | 62 | 60 | 61 | 63 | 61 |
起发时间,秒 | 115 | 111 | 116 | 112 | 114 | 110 |
密度Kg/m3 | 27.6 | 27.6 | 27.6 | 27.6 | 27.6 | 27.6 |
乳液的稳定性 | ||||||
即刻 | E | E | E | E | E | E |
4小时后 | PP | E | E | E | E | E |
1天后 | PP | E | E | E | E | E |
7天后 | PC | PP | PP | E | PP | E |
3周后 | PC | PP | PP | PP | PP | PP |
泡沫体结构 | FC | FC | FC | VFC | FC | VFC |
表中指示的份数为质量份数实施例7~12
硬质PUR泡沫体配方(杯中发泡)
Goldschmidt的稳定剂
催化剂:叔胺混合物
C=比较例,
E=没有相分离的乳液,
PP=相分离,部分,PC=相分离,完全,FC=细泡孔,
VFC=依据目测估计的非常细泡孔,在新鲜乳液状态下的反应时间
在实施例7中,用多醇7替代多醇4,获得相应于DE-A-4328383的乳液,但在1小时后破乳。
实施例 | 7(C) | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
多醇1 | 57.3 | 57.3 | 57.3 | 57.3 | 57.3 | 57.3 |
多醇4 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 |
二丙二醇 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 |
丙三醇 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
稳定剂B8423 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
催化剂 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
水 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
总和 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
环戊烷 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 |
多醇6a | 1.0 | |||||
多醇6b | 1.0 | |||||
多醇6c | 1.0 | |||||
多醇6d | 1.0 | |||||
多醇6e | 1.0 | |||||
异氰酸酯1 | 143.0 | 143.0 | 143.0 | 143.0 | 143.0 | 143.0 |
乳白期,秒 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 10 |
成纤时间,秒 | 65 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 62 | 60 |
起发时间,秒 | 110 | 100 | 98 | 100 | 98 | 97 |
密度Kg/m3 | 27.4 | 28.2 | 28.5 | 28.9 | 27.7 | 28.2 |
乳液的稳定性 | ||||||
即刻 | E | E | E | E | E | E |
4小时后 | E | E | E | E | E | E |
1天后 | PP | E | E | E | E | E |
7天后 | PC | E | E | PP | E | E |
3周后 | PC | PP | PP | PP | PP | E |
泡沫体结构 | FC | VFC | VFC | VFC | VFC | FC |
实施例13~18
硬质PUR泡沫体配方(杯中发泡)
Goldschmidt的稳定剂
催化剂:叔胺混合物
C=比较例,
E=没有相分离的乳液,
PP=相分离,部分,PC=相分离,完全,FC=细泡孔,
VFC=依据目测估计的非常细泡孔,在新鲜乳液状态下的反应时间。
实施例 | 13(C) | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
多醇2 | 57.3 | 57.3 | 57.3 | 57.3 | 57.3 | 57.3 |
多醇4 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 |
二丙二醇 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 |
丙三醇 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
稳定剂B8423 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
DMCHA | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
水 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
总和 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
环戊烷 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 |
多醇6a | 1.0 | |||||
多醇6b | 1.0 | |||||
多醇6c | 1.0 | |||||
多醇6d | 1.0 | |||||
多醇6e | 1.0 | |||||
异氰酸酯1 | 143.0 | 143.0 | 143.0 | 143.0 | 143.0 | 143.0 |
乳白期,秒 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 10 |
成纤时间,秒 | 65 | 63 | 62 | 60 | 62 | 60 |
起发时间,秒 | 110 | 102 | 98 | 101 | 97 | 99 |
密度Kg/m3 | 27.6 | 28.3 | 28.8 | 28.4 | 27.9 | 28.5 |
乳液的稳定性 | ||||||
即刻 | E | E | E | E | E | E |
4小时后 | E | E | E | E | E | E |
1天后 | E | E | E | E | E | E |
7天后 | PC | E | PP | PP | E | E |
3周后 | PC | PP | PP | PP | PP | PP |
泡沫体结构 | FC | FC | FC | FC | VFC | VFC |
实施例19~24
硬质PUR/PIR泡沫体配方(杯中发泡)
Goldschmidt的稳定剂
催化剂:叔胺混合物
C=比较例,
E=没有相分离的乳液,
PP=相分离,部分,PC=相分离,完全,FC=细泡孔,
VFC=依据目测估计的非常细泡孔,在新鲜乳液状态下的反应时间。
如果多醇1被同样量的多醇7代替,那么乳液在1小时后分层。
实施例 | 19(C) | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
多醇5 | 57.22 | 25.61 | 25.61 | 25.61 | 25.61 | 25.61 |
多醇1 | 31.61 | |||||
多醇6a | 31.61 | |||||
多醇6b | 31.61 | |||||
多醇6c | 31.61 | |||||
多醇6d | 31.61 | |||||
二丙二醇 | 16.65 | 16.65 | 16.65 | 16.65 | 16.65 | 16.65 |
乙二醇 | 2.72 | 2.72 | 2.72 | 2.72 | 2.72 | 2.72 |
稳定剂混合物 | 2.56 | 2.56 | 2.56 | 2.56 | 2.56 | 2.56 |
水 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 |
乙酸钾 | 2.41 | 2.41 | 2.41 | 2.41 | 2.41 | 2.41 |
叔胺 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 |
环戊烷 | 17.80 | 17.80 | 17.80 | 17.80 | 17.80 | 17.80 |
总和 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
异氰酸酯1 | 300.0 | 300.0 | 300.0 | 300.0 | 300.0 | 300.0 |
乳白期,秒 | 17 | 15 | 18 | 19 | 17 | 18 |
成纤时间,秒 | 26 | 25 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28 |
起发时间,秒 | 40 | 39 | 43 | 44 | 43 | 42 |
密度Kg/m3 | 70 | 66 | 64.9 | 63 | 68 | 66 |
乳液的稳定性 | ||||||
即刻 | E | E | E | E | E | E |
4小时后 | E | E | E | E | E | E |
1天后 | E | E | E | E | E | E |
7天后 | PC | PP | E | E | E | E |
3周后 | PC | PC | E | E | E | E |
2月后 | E | E | PP | PC | ||
泡沫体结构 | FC | FC | VFC | VFC | VFC | VFC |
实施例25~27
硬质PUR/PIR泡沫体配方(杯中发泡/用于烧瓶试验的手工混合)
Goldschmidt的稳定剂
催化剂:叔胺混合物
C=比较例,
E=没有相分离的乳液,
PP=相分离,部分,PC=相分离,完全,FC=细泡孔,
VFC=依据目测估计的非常细泡孔,在新鲜乳液状态下的反应时间。
实施例 | 25(C) | 26 | 27 |
多醇5 | 57.22 | 25.61 | 25.61 |
多醇6a | 31.61 | 31.61 | |
二丙二醇 | 16.65 | 16.65 | 16.65 |
乙二醇 | 2.72 | 2.72 | 2.72 |
稳定剂混合物 | 2.56 | 2.56 | 2.56 |
水 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 |
乙酸钾 | 2.41 | 2.41 | 2.41 |
叔胺 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 |
总和 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
R11 | 56.3 | ||
异戊烷 | 17.0 | ||
环戊烷 | 17.0 | ||
异氰酸酯1 | 390.0 | 390.0 | 390.0 |
乳白期,秒 | 17 | 13 | 18 |
成纤时间,秒 | 28 | 23 | 23 |
起发时间,秒 | 39 | 39 | 36 |
密度Kg/m3 | 51 | 52 | 70 |
乳液的稳定性 | |||
即刻 | E | E | E |
4小时后 | E | E | E |
1天后 | PP | E | E |
7天后 | PC | E | E |
3周后 | PC | PC | E |
泡沫体结构 | FC | FC | VFC |
烧瓶试验2周,200℃ | 泡沫体破坏,黑色 | 泡沫体浅色,坚固,1道裂纹 | 泡沫体浅色,坚固 |
Claims (12)
1.一种用于制备基于异氰酸酯的硬质泡沫体的存储稳定、含发泡剂、不含卤素的乳液,包含
a)含有可与异氰酸酯基团反应的氢原子的化合物,
b)水,
c)不含卤素的物理发泡剂,如果需要,还含
d)在聚氨酯化学中常用的助剂和/或添加剂,
其中组分a)包含具有官能度大于1.5且羟值为10-100mg KOH/g的聚醚醇,其用量基于组分a)的质量为0.2~80质量%,并且不含卤素的物理发泡剂c)为具有3-10个碳原子的烃。
2.权利要求1的存储稳定、含发泡剂、不含卤素的乳液,其中聚醚醇的官能度为2.5~3.5。
3.权利要求1的存储稳定、含发泡剂、不含卤素的乳液,其中聚醚醇的羟值为25~50mg KOH/g。
4.权利要求1的存储稳定、含发泡剂、不含卤素的乳液,其中聚醚醇的用量基于组分a)的质量为1~50质量%。
5.权利要求1的存储稳定、含发泡剂、不含卤素的乳液,其中聚醚醇通过将环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷加成到丙三醇和/或三羟甲基丙烷上进行制备。
6.权利要求1的存储稳定、含发泡剂、不含卤素的乳液,其中物理发泡剂的用量基于组分a)~d)的重量为至少5wt%。
7.权利要求6的存储稳定、含发泡剂、不含卤素的乳液,其中物理发泡剂的用量基于组分a)~d)的重量为至少10wt%。
8.权利要求6或7的存储稳定、含发泡剂、不含卤素的乳液,其中物理发泡剂的用量基于组分a)~d)的重量为10~25wt%。
9.权利要求8的存储稳定、含发泡剂、不含卤素的乳液,其中物理发泡剂的用量基于组分a)~d)的重量为12~21wt%。
10.一种通过权利要求1~9中任一项的存储稳定、含发泡剂、不含卤素的乳液与多异氰酸酯进行反应来制备基于异氰酸酯的硬质泡沫体的方法。
11.一种可用权利要求10的方法制备的基于异氰酸酯的硬质泡沫体。
12.具有官能度大于1.5且羟值为10-100mg KOH/g的聚醚醇在用于制备基于异氰酸酯的硬质泡沫体的存储稳定、含发泡剂、不含卤素的乳液中作为乳液稳定剂的应用。
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DE19742011A DE19742011A1 (de) | 1997-09-24 | 1997-09-24 | Lagerstabile, treibmittelhaltige Emulsionen zur Herstellung von Hartschaumstoffen auf Isocyanatbasis |
DE19742011.7 | 1997-09-24 |
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CN1217349A true CN1217349A (zh) | 1999-05-26 |
Family
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US (1) | US6274642B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0905160B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH11158369A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR19990030100A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1217349A (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE290558T1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2245306A1 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE19742011A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2238742T3 (zh) |
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CN104619759A (zh) * | 2012-07-31 | 2015-05-13 | 拜尔材料科学股份公司 | 制备聚氨酯泡沫的真空辅助式方法 |
CN103748149B (zh) * | 2011-08-26 | 2016-08-31 | 科思创德国股份有限公司 | 乳液和它们在制备基于异氰酸酯的泡沫中的用途 |
CN103890031B (zh) * | 2011-08-23 | 2016-11-02 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 微乳液 |
CN112513123A (zh) * | 2018-06-28 | 2021-03-16 | 科思创知识产权两合公司 | 聚氨酯硬质泡沫 |
CN114163678A (zh) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-11 | 南京美思德新材料有限公司 | 提高组合聚醚与戊烷发泡剂相容性能的聚氨酯泡沫稳定剂 |
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US7671104B2 (en) * | 1999-02-13 | 2010-03-02 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Fine cell, water-blown rigid polyurethane foams |
US20040127590A1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-01 | Leroy Whinnery | Formulation for a rigid polyurethane foam having improved impact resistance |
US20050277701A1 (en) * | 2004-06-15 | 2005-12-15 | Honeywell International Inc. | Process for making polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams using mixtures of a hydrofluorocarbon and methyl formate as a blowing agent |
DE102004042525A1 (de) * | 2004-09-02 | 2006-03-09 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Auf aliphatischen Polyesterpolyolen basierende PUR-/PIR-Hartschaumstoffe |
DE102005017363A1 (de) * | 2005-04-14 | 2006-10-19 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethan- und Polyisocyanurat-Hartschaumstoffen |
ES2402259T3 (es) | 2009-04-01 | 2013-04-30 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Composiciones de poliol estables en almacenamiento para producir espuma de poliisocianurato rígida |
EP2748220A1 (en) | 2011-08-26 | 2014-07-02 | Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH | Stable emulsions and their use in the production of foams based on isocyanate |
CN104619736B (zh) | 2012-07-31 | 2017-08-18 | 科思创德国股份有限公司 | 使用乳化发泡剂制备聚氨酯泡沫的方法 |
JP5833155B2 (ja) * | 2013-02-22 | 2015-12-16 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | 軟質ポリウレタンフォーム製造用ポリオール組成物 |
EP2770002A1 (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2014-08-27 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Insulation moulding and method for its manufacture |
EP3033394B1 (en) | 2013-08-13 | 2018-08-15 | Enerlab 2000 Inc. | Process for the preparation of lignin based polyurethane products |
EP3597685A1 (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2020-01-22 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Rigid polyurethane foams |
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DE4109076A1 (de) * | 1991-03-20 | 1992-09-24 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von urethan- und ueberwiegend isocyanuratgruppen aufweisenden hartschaumstoffen und ihre verwendung als daemmaterialien |
DE4328383A1 (de) * | 1993-02-10 | 1994-08-11 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schaumstoffen auf Isocyanatbasis |
US5464562A (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 1995-11-07 | Basf Corporation | Polyoxyalkylene polyether monool polyurethane foam additive |
DE19610262A1 (de) * | 1996-03-15 | 1997-09-18 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung Kohlenwasserstoff-getriebener Polyurethan-Hartschaumstoffe |
-
1997
- 1997-09-24 DE DE19742011A patent/DE19742011A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-09-22 AT AT98117895T patent/ATE290558T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-09-22 EP EP98117895A patent/EP0905160B1/de not_active Revoked
- 1998-09-22 DE DE59812630T patent/DE59812630D1/de not_active Revoked
- 1998-09-22 ES ES98117895T patent/ES2238742T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-23 CA CA002245306A patent/CA2245306A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-09-24 JP JP10270112A patent/JPH11158369A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-09-24 US US09/160,109 patent/US6274642B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-24 CN CN98120640A patent/CN1217349A/zh active Pending
- 1998-09-24 KR KR1019980039708A patent/KR19990030100A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103890031B (zh) * | 2011-08-23 | 2016-11-02 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 微乳液 |
CN103748149B (zh) * | 2011-08-26 | 2016-08-31 | 科思创德国股份有限公司 | 乳液和它们在制备基于异氰酸酯的泡沫中的用途 |
CN104619759A (zh) * | 2012-07-31 | 2015-05-13 | 拜尔材料科学股份公司 | 制备聚氨酯泡沫的真空辅助式方法 |
CN112513123A (zh) * | 2018-06-28 | 2021-03-16 | 科思创知识产权两合公司 | 聚氨酯硬质泡沫 |
CN114163678A (zh) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-11 | 南京美思德新材料有限公司 | 提高组合聚醚与戊烷发泡剂相容性能的聚氨酯泡沫稳定剂 |
CN114163678B (zh) * | 2021-12-14 | 2023-03-03 | 南京美思德新材料有限公司 | 提高组合聚醚与戊烷发泡剂相容性能的聚氨酯泡沫稳定剂 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59812630D1 (de) | 2005-04-14 |
EP0905160A1 (de) | 1999-03-31 |
US6274642B1 (en) | 2001-08-14 |
ATE290558T1 (de) | 2005-03-15 |
JPH11158369A (ja) | 1999-06-15 |
DE19742011A1 (de) | 1999-03-25 |
KR19990030100A (ko) | 1999-04-26 |
ES2238742T3 (es) | 2005-09-01 |
CA2245306A1 (en) | 1999-03-24 |
EP0905160B1 (de) | 2005-03-09 |
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