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CN120785155B - Method and system for magnetic bias protection and pulse width equalization control of automotive power supply modules - Google Patents

Method and system for magnetic bias protection and pulse width equalization control of automotive power supply modules

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Publication number
CN120785155B
CN120785155B CN202511277436.XA CN202511277436A CN120785155B CN 120785155 B CN120785155 B CN 120785155B CN 202511277436 A CN202511277436 A CN 202511277436A CN 120785155 B CN120785155 B CN 120785155B
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China
Prior art keywords
power
time
switching tube
inductance
side switching
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Active
Application number
CN202511277436.XA
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Chinese (zh)
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CN120785155A (en
Inventor
张运权
王佐培
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Suzhou Maili Electrical Appliance Co ltd
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Suzhou Maili Electrical Appliance Co ltd
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Priority to CN202511277436.XA priority Critical patent/CN120785155B/en
Publication of CN120785155A publication Critical patent/CN120785155A/en
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Publication of CN120785155B publication Critical patent/CN120785155B/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
    • G01R21/06—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor by measuring current and voltage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
    • G01R21/133—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor by using digital technique
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/42—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to product of voltage and current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
    • H02M5/10—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using transformers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供车用供电模块偏磁防护与脉宽均衡控制方法及系统，涉及模块控制技术领域，包括获取输入电压和输出电流信号计算瞬时功率值和输出功率值；计算变压器电感量判断偏磁状态；采集开关管导通电流波形计算时间差值生成补偿参数调节实际导通时间；将输出功率划分为多个功率区间设定占空比计算参数生成不同占空比脉宽信号控制开关管；实时监测输出功率值实现过载保护。本发明解决了变压器偏磁问题，降低开关损耗，提高供电模块可靠性。

This invention provides a method and system for magnetization protection and pulse width equalization control of automotive power supply modules, belonging to the field of module control technology. The method includes acquiring input voltage and output current signals to calculate instantaneous power and output power values; calculating transformer inductance to determine magnetization state; acquiring the switching transistor conduction current waveform to calculate the time difference and generate compensation parameters to adjust the actual conduction time; dividing the output power into multiple power ranges, setting duty cycle calculation parameters to generate pulse width signals with different duty cycles to control the switching transistors; and real-time monitoring of the output power value to achieve overload protection. This invention solves the transformer magnetization problem, reduces switching losses, and improves the reliability of the power supply module.

Description

Bias protection and pulse width equalization control method and system for power supply module for vehicle
Technical Field
The invention relates to a module control technology, in particular to a method and a system for controlling bias protection and pulse width equalization of a power supply module for a vehicle.
Background
With the rapid development of the new energy automobile industry, the performance requirements of the automobile power system on the power supply module are increasingly improved. The automobile power supply module is used as a core component of an automobile electronic system, and the stability and the efficiency of the automobile power supply module directly influence the performance and the safety of the whole automobile. Modern automotive power supply modules typically employ high frequency transformer isolation topologies to achieve energy transfer through the cooperative operation of primary and secondary side switching tubes.
In the actual operation process of the traditional vehicle power supply module, the transformer is easy to generate magnetic bias phenomenon due to factors such as input voltage fluctuation, load change, component parameter deviation and the like. The magnetic bias can increase the local magnetic flux density of the transformer iron core, so that the iron core is saturated, the problems of overcurrent, overhigh temperature rise, efficiency reduction and the like of a switching tube are further caused, and even the power supply module is failed or damaged when serious. Current on-market automotive power supply modules typically employ a fixed compensation scheme or a simple feedback adjustment mechanism to suppress the bias magnetic, but lack the ability to accurately detect and dynamically adjust the bias magnetic state.
Under different power working conditions, the traditional power supply module often adopts a single pulse width modulation control strategy, so that the switching loss is unevenly distributed under the light load and heavy load conditions, and particularly in a high-power interval, the switching loss is obviously increased, and the overall efficiency and the heat dissipation performance of the power supply module are affected. The pulse width modulation method in the prior art is usually optimized only for a specific power interval, and is difficult to adapt to the variable power requirements of the vehicle under different working conditions.
In addition, the traditional power supply module for the vehicle mostly adopts a fixed time delay or a simple current threshold judgment mechanism in the aspect of overload protection, and lacks accurate monitoring and quick response capability based on actual power. When the power supply module faces a short circuit or overload condition, the power transmission path cannot be cut off in a short enough time, so that potential safety hazards are increased. The existing overload protection scheme is difficult to consider between response speed and protection precision, and influences reliability and safety of the power supply module under severe working conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a system for controlling bias protection and pulse width equalization of a power supply module for a vehicle, which can solve the problems in the prior art.
In a first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, a method for controlling bias protection and pulse width equalization of a power supply module for a vehicle is provided, including:
Acquiring an input voltage signal and an output current signal of a vehicle power supply module, and calculating an instantaneous power value and an output power value of the vehicle power supply module according to the input voltage signal and the output current signal;
calculating the inductance of a transformer of the power supply module for the vehicle based on the instantaneous power value, comparing the inductance of the transformer with a preset inductance threshold, and judging that the power supply module for the vehicle is in a magnetic bias state when the inductance of the transformer deviates from the preset inductance threshold by more than a preset range;
Collecting conduction current waveforms of a primary side switching tube and a secondary side switching tube of the vehicle power supply module, calculating a time difference value of rising edge time and falling edge time of the conduction current waveforms, generating compensation time parameters according to the time difference value, respectively overlapping the compensation time parameters to reference conduction time of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube, dynamically adjusting actual conduction time of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube, and eliminating the magnetic bias state;
dividing an output power range into a plurality of power intervals, setting independent duty ratio calculation parameters for each power interval, generating a plurality of pulse width modulation signals with different duty ratios based on the duty ratio calculation parameters, and alternately controlling the conduction time sequence of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube through the pulse width modulation signals with different duty ratios to realize the switching loss balance of each power interval;
And monitoring the output power value in real time, and controlling the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube to be simultaneously turned off when the output power value is detected to exceed a preset rated power threshold value, so as to cut off a power transmission path of the vehicle power supply module.
Calculating a transformer inductance of the power supply module for the vehicle based on the instantaneous power value, comparing the transformer inductance with a preset inductance threshold, and determining that the power supply module for the vehicle is in a bias state when the transformer inductance deviates from the preset inductance threshold by more than a preset range includes:
Collecting a primary side voltage signal and a primary side current signal of a transformer, calculating an instantaneous power value of the transformer according to the primary side voltage signal and the primary side current signal, and performing integral operation on the instantaneous power value to obtain a transformer flux linkage value;
collecting real-time temperature signals of a transformer, calculating a temperature difference value between the real-time temperature signals and a preset reference temperature, generating a temperature compensation coefficient based on the temperature difference value, obtaining an actual inductance of the transformer by multiplying the temperature compensation coefficient by an initial inductance of the transformer, and eliminating the influence of temperature fluctuation on inductance detection;
Generating a power compensation coefficient according to the dynamic regulation reference, obtaining a dynamic inductance threshold value by the product of the power compensation coefficient and a preset reference threshold value, and establishing a self-adaptive judgment standard based on the dynamic inductance threshold value;
And calculating an inductance deviation coefficient of the actual inductance of the transformer and a preset standard inductance value, comparing the inductance deviation coefficient with the dynamic inductance threshold, and judging that the power supply module for the vehicle is in a magnetic biasing state when the inductance deviation coefficient exceeds the dynamic inductance threshold.
Collecting conduction current waveforms of a primary side switching tube and a secondary side switching tube of the vehicle power supply module, calculating a time difference value of rising edge time and falling edge time of the conduction current waveforms, and generating a compensation time parameter according to the time difference value comprises:
Calculating instantaneous on-current values of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube according to peak current of on-current waveforms and circuit time constant; calculating rising edge time of the conducting current waveform based on the instant conducting current value and a preset current threshold value; calculating the falling edge time of the conducting current waveform according to the instant conducting current value and the preset current threshold value;
Calculating a time difference value between the rising edge time and the falling edge time, obtaining an asymmetry parameter of the conducting process of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube according to a product of the time difference value and the circuit time constant, and generating a compensation time parameter based on the asymmetry parameter.
The compensation time parameter is respectively added to the reference conduction time of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube, the actual conduction time of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube is dynamically adjusted, and the magnetic bias state is eliminated, which comprises the following steps:
obtaining inductance of a transformer, input voltage and current peak values, and calculating reference conduction time of a primary side switching tube and a secondary side switching tube according to the inductance, the input voltage and the current peak values;
Acquiring output power and rated power of a power supply module for a vehicle, calculating a power adjustment factor according to the ratio of the output power to the rated power, and dynamically adjusting the primary side compensation time and the secondary side compensation time based on the power adjustment factor to obtain primary side dynamic compensation time and secondary side dynamic compensation time;
adding the primary side dynamic compensation time to the reference conduction time to obtain the actual conduction time of the primary side switching tube; adding the secondary side dynamic compensation time to the reference conduction time to obtain the actual conduction time of the secondary side switching tube;
And acquiring a primary side voltage, a secondary side voltage and a transformation ratio, verifying a magnetic flux balance state and eliminating a magnetic bias state based on the product of the primary side voltage and the actual on time of the primary side switching tube and the product of the secondary side voltage and the actual on time of the secondary side switching tube and the transformation ratio.
Dividing an output power range into a plurality of power intervals, setting an independent duty cycle calculation parameter for each of the power intervals, and generating a plurality of pulse width modulation signals with different duty cycles based on the duty cycle calculation parameters comprises:
The method comprises the steps of obtaining rated power of a vehicle power supply module, calculating a plurality of power demarcation points according to the rated power and the number of preset intervals, and dividing the output power range of the vehicle power supply module into a plurality of power intervals based on the plurality of power demarcation points;
Acquiring a reference duty ratio of a power supply module for a vehicle, respectively setting a corresponding gain coefficient and a nonlinear modulation index for each power interval, and taking the gain coefficient and the nonlinear modulation index as duty ratio calculation parameters of each power interval;
Collecting real-time output power of a power supply module for a vehicle, determining a current power interval according to the real-time output power, and calculating the power variation of the real-time output power in the current power interval;
and calculating the duty ratio calculation parameters corresponding to the reference duty ratio, the power variation and the current power interval to obtain an initial duty ratio, and generating a plurality of pulse width modulation signals with different duty ratios according to the product operation of the initial duty ratio and a preset modulation function.
Monitoring the output power value in real time, when the output power value is detected to exceed a preset rated power threshold, controlling the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube to be simultaneously turned off, and cutting off a power transmission path of the power supply module for the vehicle comprises:
when the output power value is detected to exceed the preset rated power threshold value, the turn-off delay time is calculated based on the ratio of the output power value to the preset rated power threshold value;
and responding to the turn-off control signal, controlling the primary side switch tube and the secondary side switch tube to be turned off simultaneously, and cutting off a power transmission path of the power supply module for the vehicle.
In a second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, a bias protection and pulse width equalization control system for a power supply module for a vehicle is provided, including:
the first unit is used for acquiring an input voltage signal and an output current signal of the vehicle power supply module, and calculating an instantaneous power value and an output power value of the vehicle power supply module according to the input voltage signal and the output current signal;
a second unit, configured to calculate a transformer inductance value of the power supply module for a vehicle based on the instantaneous power value, compare the transformer inductance value with a preset inductance threshold, and determine that the power supply module for a vehicle is in a bias state when the transformer inductance value deviates from the preset inductance threshold by more than a preset range;
The third unit is used for collecting the conduction current waveforms of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube of the vehicle power supply module, calculating the time difference value of the rising edge time and the falling edge time of the conduction current waveforms, generating compensation time parameters according to the time difference value, respectively overlapping the compensation time parameters to the reference conduction time of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube, dynamically adjusting the actual conduction time of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube, and eliminating the magnetic bias state;
a fourth unit, configured to divide an output power range into a plurality of power intervals, set an independent duty cycle calculation parameter for each power interval, generate a plurality of pulse width modulation signals with different duty cycles based on the duty cycle calculation parameter, and alternately control the turn-on timings of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube through the plurality of pulse width modulation signals with different duty cycles, so as to realize switching loss balance of each power interval;
and the fifth unit is used for monitoring the output power value in real time, and controlling the primary side switch tube and the secondary side switch tube to be simultaneously turned off when the output power value is detected to exceed a preset rated power threshold value, so as to cut off a power transmission path of the power supply module for the vehicle.
In a third aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an electronic device including:
A processor;
A memory for storing processor-executable instructions;
Wherein the processor is configured to invoke the instructions stored in the memory to perform the method described previously.
In a fourth aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the method as described above.
The beneficial effects of the application are as follows:
The magnetic bias protection and pulse width balance control method for the power supply module for the vehicle can monitor the change of the inductance of the transformer in real time, accurately identify the magnetic bias state, realize magnetic bias compensation by dynamically adjusting the on time of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube, and avoid the damage of devices and the reduction of system efficiency caused by magnetic saturation.
According to the invention, the power intervals are divided according to the output power range, the independent duty ratio calculation parameters are set, the switching-on time sequence of the switching tube is alternately controlled by adopting a plurality of duty ratio pulse width modulation signals, so that the switching loss balanced distribution in different power intervals is realized, the overall working efficiency of the system is improved, and the service life of the power supply module is prolonged.
The invention monitors the output power value in real time and sets the rated power threshold protection mechanism, and immediately cuts off the power transmission path when the power overrun is detected, thereby enhancing the safety reliability and overload protection capability of the power supply module for the vehicle and effectively preventing the damage of devices and the system faults caused by overload.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for controlling bias protection and pulse width equalization of a power supply module for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below by specific examples. The following embodiments may be combined with each other, and some embodiments may not be repeated for the same or similar concepts or processes.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for controlling bias protection and pulse width equalization of a power supply module for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
Acquiring an input voltage signal and an output current signal of a vehicle power supply module, and calculating an instantaneous power value and an output power value of the vehicle power supply module according to the input voltage signal and the output current signal;
calculating the inductance of a transformer of the power supply module for the vehicle based on the instantaneous power value, comparing the inductance of the transformer with a preset inductance threshold, and judging that the power supply module for the vehicle is in a magnetic bias state when the inductance of the transformer deviates from the preset inductance threshold by more than a preset range;
Collecting conduction current waveforms of a primary side switching tube and a secondary side switching tube of the vehicle power supply module, calculating a time difference value of rising edge time and falling edge time of the conduction current waveforms, generating compensation time parameters according to the time difference value, respectively overlapping the compensation time parameters to reference conduction time of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube, dynamically adjusting actual conduction time of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube, and eliminating the magnetic bias state;
dividing an output power range into a plurality of power intervals, setting independent duty ratio calculation parameters for each power interval, generating a plurality of pulse width modulation signals with different duty ratios based on the duty ratio calculation parameters, and alternately controlling the conduction time sequence of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube through the pulse width modulation signals with different duty ratios to realize the switching loss balance of each power interval;
And monitoring the output power value in real time, and controlling the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube to be simultaneously turned off when the output power value is detected to exceed a preset rated power threshold value, so as to cut off a power transmission path of the vehicle power supply module.
In an alternative embodiment, calculating the transformer inductance of the power supply module for the vehicle based on the instantaneous power value, comparing the transformer inductance with a preset inductance threshold, and determining that the power supply module for the vehicle is in a bias state when the transformer inductance deviates from the preset inductance threshold by more than a preset range includes:
Collecting a primary side voltage signal and a primary side current signal of a transformer, calculating an instantaneous power value of the transformer according to the primary side voltage signal and the primary side current signal, and performing integral operation on the instantaneous power value to obtain a transformer flux linkage value;
collecting real-time temperature signals of a transformer, calculating a temperature difference value between the real-time temperature signals and a preset reference temperature, generating a temperature compensation coefficient based on the temperature difference value, obtaining an actual inductance of the transformer by multiplying the temperature compensation coefficient by an initial inductance of the transformer, and eliminating the influence of temperature fluctuation on inductance detection;
Generating a power compensation coefficient according to the dynamic regulation reference, obtaining a dynamic inductance threshold value by the product of the power compensation coefficient and a preset reference threshold value, and establishing a self-adaptive judgment standard based on the dynamic inductance threshold value;
And calculating an inductance deviation coefficient of the actual inductance of the transformer and a preset standard inductance value, comparing the inductance deviation coefficient with the dynamic inductance threshold, and judging that the power supply module for the vehicle is in a magnetic biasing state when the inductance deviation coefficient exceeds the dynamic inductance threshold.
The calculation of the inductance of the transformer is realized by collecting the primary voltage and current signals of the transformer, a high-precision voltage sampling circuit and a high-precision current sampling circuit are arranged in the system, the sampling frequency is set to be 10kHz, and the acquisition of a sufficiently accurate primary voltage signal U (t) and a sufficiently accurate primary current signal I (t) is ensured. The sampled data is converted into a digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter and then is input into a processor for calculation. The instantaneous power value P (t) is obtained by the product of the primary side voltage signal U (t) and the primary side current signal I (t). For example, when the primary voltage is 310V and the primary current is 2.5A at a certain time, the instantaneous power value at that time is 775W.
The acquired instantaneous power value P (t) is integrated to obtain the flux linkage value ψ (t) of the transformer, and the integration time interval is set to be a complete working period, for example, for a transformer working at 50kHz, the integration time is 20 μs. And carrying out ratio operation on the calculated flux linkage value psi (t) and a primary side current signal I (t) at a corresponding moment to obtain an initial inductance L 0 of the transformer. For example, when the calculated flux linkage value is 0.06Wb and the current at the corresponding time is 2A, the initial inductance L 0 is 30mH.
Considering that the temperature change can affect the inductance characteristic of the transformer, the system is provided with a temperature sensor for monitoring the working temperature of the transformer in real time. The temperature sensor is an NTC thermistor with the accuracy of +/-0.5 ℃ and is arranged on the surface of the transformer core. After the real-time temperature signal T 1 is acquired, the temperature difference Δt is calculated by comparing with a preset reference temperature T 0 (typically set to 25 ℃). For example, when the real-time temperature is 55 ℃, the temperature difference Δt is 30 ℃.
The temperature compensation coefficient K T is generated based on the temperature difference delta T, wherein the generation of the compensation coefficient adopts a piecewise linear mapping method, when the temperature difference is in the range of-20 ℃ to +20 ℃, the inductance is reduced by 0.5 percent when the temperature difference is increased by 10 ℃, and when the temperature difference exceeds +/-20 ℃, the inductance is reduced by 0.8 percent when the temperature difference is increased by 10 ℃. As described in the previous example, the temperature compensation coefficient K T is calculated as 0.976 when the temperature difference is 30 ℃. And multiplying the temperature compensation coefficient by the initial inductance L 0 of the transformer to obtain the actual inductance L T of the transformer after temperature compensation. Continuing with the previous example, the actual inductance L T is 30mh×0.976=29.28 mH.
In order to adapt to inductance change characteristics under different load working conditions, the system also introduces a dynamic judging mechanism based on output power. The dynamic adjustment reference R p is obtained by collecting the ratio of the output power signal P out of the transformer to the preset rated power P rated (e.g., 1000W). For example, when the output power is 750W, the dynamic adjustment reference R p is 0.75.
The power compensation coefficient K p, is generated according to the dynamic adjustment reference R p, and the calculation of the power compensation coefficient adopts nonlinear mapping, wherein the value of K p is 1.5 when the output power is lower than 20% of rated power, the value of K p is linearly reduced to 1.0 when the output power is between 20% and 80% of rated power, and the value of K p is linearly reduced to 0.8 when the output power exceeds 80% of rated power. As described in the previous example, when the dynamic adjustment reference is 0.75, the power compensation coefficient K p is 1.05.
The power compensation coefficient K p is multiplied by a preset reference threshold Th base (set to 5%) to obtain a dynamic inductance threshold Th d. In this example, the dynamic inductance threshold Th d is 5% x 1.05=5.25%. This dynamic threshold enables the system to adaptively adjust the decision criteria for different operating powers.
The inductance deviation coefficient D L between the actual inductance L T of the transformer and the preset standard inductance L std is calculated, and the preset standard inductance is generally determined based on the design specification of the transformer, for example, set to 30mH. When the actual inductance is 29.28mH, the inductance deviation coefficient D L is | (29.28-30)/30 |×100% =2.4%. And comparing the inductance deviation coefficient with the dynamic inductance threshold value calculated in the previous step, and judging whether the transformer is in a magnetic biasing state or not. In this example, the inductance deviation coefficient of 2.4% is less than the dynamic inductance threshold of 5.25%, so it is determined that the transformer is working properly.
If the actual inductance is reduced to 27mH under another working condition, the inductance deviation coefficient is 10% and exceeds the dynamic inductance threshold value by 5.25%, and the system judges that the power supply module for the vehicle is in a magnetic biasing state and triggers an alarm mechanism. The warning signal can be transmitted to the vehicle control unit through the vehicle-mounted communication bus, and corresponding warning information is displayed on the instrument panel of the driver.
According to the method, through real-time monitoring of the change of the inductance characteristic of the transformer and combination of temperature compensation and power self-adaption technology, the magnetic bias state of the power supply module for the vehicle can be accurately detected, the problems of equipment damage and energy efficiency reduction caused by long-term magnetic bias are avoided, and the reliability and safety of the vehicle-mounted electrical system are improved.
In an alternative embodiment, collecting the on current waveforms of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube of the power supply module for the vehicle, calculating the time difference between the rising edge time and the falling edge time of the on current waveforms, and generating the compensation time parameter according to the time difference includes:
Calculating instantaneous on-current values of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube according to peak current of on-current waveforms and circuit time constant; calculating rising edge time of the conducting current waveform based on the instant conducting current value and a preset current threshold value; calculating the falling edge time of the conducting current waveform according to the instant conducting current value and the preset current threshold value;
Calculating a time difference value between the rising edge time and the falling edge time, obtaining an asymmetry parameter of the conducting process of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube according to a product of the time difference value and the circuit time constant, and generating a compensation time parameter based on the asymmetry parameter.
The on-current waveforms of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube are acquired by using a high-precision current sampling circuit in the operation process of the power supply module for the vehicle. The sampling circuit comprises a current transformer with the precision of 0.01% and a high-speed analog-to-digital converter with the sampling frequency of 10MHz, so that the accuracy of data acquisition is ensured. The acquired current data is stored in a data processor for subsequent analysis.
After the on-current waveform data is acquired, the data processor first calculates a circuit time constant according to the circuit structure parameters. For a typical power supply module for a vehicle, the circuit time constant is determined by the on-resistance, the inductance value and the capacitance value of a switching tube. For example, for a circuit with 0.01Ω on-resistance, 100 μH inductance, and 10 μF capacitance, the time constant is 10 μs.
Based on the acquired current waveform data, the processor identifies the peak current of the waveform, which in practice is typically in the range of 10-50A, such as 20A. Based on the peak current and the circuit time constant, the system calculates instantaneous on-current values of the primary side and secondary side switching tubes at each moment using an exponential function relationship.
The setting of the current threshold is critical to accurately locating the rising and falling edge time points, and in practice, the preset current threshold is typically set to 10% of the peak current, for example, when the peak current is 20A, the current threshold is set to 2A. This threshold may be adjusted according to system accuracy requirements, with lower thresholds providing more accurate time measurements but also being more susceptible to noise.
And determining the rising edge time point of the conducting current waveform by comparing the instant conducting current value with a preset current threshold value. Specifically, starting from the waveform start point, the first time point exceeding the current threshold is found as the rising edge time. In the test example, when the circuit time constant is 10 μs and the peak current is 20A, the rising edge time point typically occurs between 0.5 μs and 2 μs after the switching signal is triggered, for example at 1.2 μs.
And determining the falling edge time point of the conducting current waveform by comparing the instant conducting current value with a preset current threshold value. Starting from the waveform peak point, the first time point below the current threshold is found as the falling edge time. Under the above test conditions, the falling edge time point typically occurs between 10 μs and 20 μs after the off signal is triggered, for example at 15.8 μs.
After the rising and falling edge time points are acquired, the system calculates the time difference between the two, which in the above example is 14.6 mus. This difference reflects the time asymmetry in the switching on of the primary side and secondary side switching tubes.
And multiplying the time difference value of the rising edge and the falling edge by the circuit time constant to obtain the asymmetry parameter. In an example, the asymmetry parameter is 14.6 μs×10μs=146 μs 2. This parameter quantifies the degree of imbalance in the switching on process of the switching tube and is the basis for generating the compensation time parameter.
Based on the asymmetry parameter, the system generates a compensation time parameter. The compensation parameters are calculated taking into account the magnitude of the time difference and the system response characteristics. In practice, the compensation time parameter is typically a proportion of the square root of the asymmetry parameter, for example 0.5 times. In an example, the compensation time parameter is about 6 μs.
The generated compensation time parameter is applied to a control circuit of the power supply module for the vehicle for adjusting the triggering timing of the primary side and secondary side switching tubes. The controller adds the compensation time parameter into the control signal of the switching tube with slower time sequence, so that the on-state behaviors of the switching tubes at two sides are more synchronous.
The conducting current waveform of the switching tube is collected again, the compensation effect is verified, and experimental data show that after the compensation time parameter is applied, the time difference between the rising edge and the falling edge of the conducting current waveform of the switching tube on the primary side and the secondary side is obviously reduced, the original time is reduced to be less than 1.2 mu s from 14.6 mu s, and the asymmetry of the conducting process is effectively improved.
The method is applied to the actual power supply module for the vehicle, can obviously improve the energy conversion efficiency, reduce the electromagnetic interference and prolong the service life of the switching device. Test results show that the efficiency of the power supply module after compensation is improved by about 1.5%, the temperature rise of the switching device is reduced by about 8 ℃, and the stability of the system is obviously enhanced.
The method can dynamically adjust compensation parameters according to the actual working state of the power supply module for the vehicle, and adapt to the working requirements under different loads and temperature conditions. The system updates the parameters once every 100ms, ensuring that the best performance is always maintained in the changing working environment.
In an alternative embodiment, the compensating time parameter is added to reference on-times of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube, respectively, the dynamically adjusting the actual on-times of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube, and the eliminating the bias state comprises:
obtaining inductance of a transformer, input voltage and current peak values, and calculating reference conduction time of a primary side switching tube and a secondary side switching tube according to the inductance, the input voltage and the current peak values;
Acquiring output power and rated power of a power supply module for a vehicle, calculating a power adjustment factor according to the ratio of the output power to the rated power, and dynamically adjusting the primary side compensation time and the secondary side compensation time based on the power adjustment factor to obtain primary side dynamic compensation time and secondary side dynamic compensation time;
adding the primary side dynamic compensation time to the reference conduction time to obtain the actual conduction time of the primary side switching tube; adding the secondary side dynamic compensation time to the reference conduction time to obtain the actual conduction time of the secondary side switching tube;
And acquiring a primary side voltage, a secondary side voltage and a transformation ratio, verifying a magnetic flux balance state and eliminating a magnetic bias state based on the product of the primary side voltage and the actual on time of the primary side switching tube and the product of the secondary side voltage and the actual on time of the secondary side switching tube and the transformation ratio.
The key parameters of the transformer, including inductance L, input voltage Vin and current peak value Ieak, are obtained, and practical application is taken as an example, assuming that the inductance of the transformer is 100 mu H, the input voltage is 48V, and the current peak value is 10A. From these parameters, the reference on-times Tbase of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube can be calculated. The reference on-time is calculated taking into account the relation of the product of the inductance and the current peak divided by the input voltage, in this example the reference on-time Tbase is calculated to be 20 mus.
After the reference on-time is obtained, the primary side compensation time and the secondary side compensation time are obtained by multiplying the compensation time parameter by a preset compensation coefficient. Assuming that the compensation time parameter detected by the system is 2 mus, the preset primary side compensation coefficient is 0.8, and the secondary side compensation coefficient is 1.2. By multiplying the compensation time parameter 2 μs by these two coefficients, respectively, a primary side compensation time of 1.6 μs and a secondary side compensation time of 2.4 μs is obtained. This differential compensation can be adjusted for different electrical characteristics on the primary side and the secondary side.
In order to enable the compensation time to be dynamically adjusted with the change of the system load, the method introduces the concept of a power adjustment factor. The implementation mode is that the current output power and rated power of the power supply module for the vehicle are obtained, and the power adjustment factor is calculated through the ratio of the current output power and the rated power. Assuming that the current system output power is 600W and the rated power is 1000W, the power adjustment factor is 0.6. Based on the adjustment factor, the primary side compensation time and the secondary side compensation time are dynamically adjusted, and a weighted calculation mode can be adopted. The adjusted primary side dynamic compensation time is the square root of the primary side compensation time multiplied by the power adjustment factor, i.eThe secondary side dynamic compensation time is the square root of the secondary side compensation time multiplied by the power adjustment factor, i.e. The square root relation is introduced to enable the compensation time to show nonlinear characteristics along with the change of power, and the actual magnetic flux balance requirement of the transformer under different powers is met.
And superposing the calculated dynamic compensation time to the reference conduction time to obtain the actual conduction time of the primary side and secondary side switching tubes. The actual on-time of the primary side switching tube is the reference on-time plus the primary side dynamic compensation time, i.e. 20 mus+1.24 mus=21.24 mus, and the actual on-time of the secondary side switching tube is the reference on-time plus the secondary side dynamic compensation time, i.e. 20 mus+1.86 mus=21.86 mus.
After the actual on-time of the switching tube is adjusted, the magnetic flux balance state needs to be verified to confirm whether the magnetic bias state is eliminated. The verification method is to acquire the primary side voltage, the secondary side voltage and the transformation ratio, and then compare the product of the primary side voltage and the actual on time of the primary side switching tube with the product of the secondary side voltage and the actual on time of the secondary side switching tube and the transformation ratio. Assuming a primary side voltage of 48V, a secondary side voltage of 12V, and a transformation ratio of 4:1. The product of the primary side voltage and the on-time is 48v×21.24 μs= 1019.52v·μs, and the product of the secondary side voltage and the on-time and the transformer ratio is 12v×21.86 μs×4= 1049.28v·μs. The difference between the two is about 29.76 V.mu.s, the relative error is about 2.9%, and the magnetic flux is basically balanced within the range of +/-5% allowed by the system, so that the magnetic bias state is effectively eliminated.
In practical application, the method can be realized by a microcontroller, and the microcontroller collects parameters such as inductance of a transformer, input voltage, current peak value and the like and calculates reference conduction time. And detecting compensation time parameters and calculating primary side and secondary side compensation time by combining preset compensation coefficients. The microcontroller is also required to monitor the output power and rated power of the power supply module for the vehicle, calculate the power adjustment factor and dynamically adjust the compensation time according to the power adjustment factor. The finally generated PWM signals control the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube to work according to the calculated actual on time, so that the magnetic bias state of the transformer is eliminated.
In order to improve the stability of the system, the method can also execute magnetic flux balance verification in each control period, and if the verification result shows that the magnetic flux unbalance degree exceeds a threshold value (such as +/-5%), the compensation time parameter is automatically fine-tuned to form closed-loop control, so that the transformer is ensured to continuously work in a magnetic flux balance state, and the problems of transformer saturation, efficiency reduction, noise increase and the like caused by magnetic bias are avoided.
In an alternative embodiment, dividing the output power range into a plurality of power intervals, setting an independent duty cycle calculation parameter for each of the power intervals, generating a plurality of different duty cycle pulse width modulated signals based on the duty cycle calculation parameters includes:
The method comprises the steps of obtaining rated power of a vehicle power supply module, calculating a plurality of power demarcation points according to the rated power and the number of preset intervals, and dividing the output power range of the vehicle power supply module into a plurality of power intervals based on the plurality of power demarcation points;
Acquiring a reference duty ratio of a power supply module for a vehicle, respectively setting a corresponding gain coefficient and a nonlinear modulation index for each power interval, and taking the gain coefficient and the nonlinear modulation index as duty ratio calculation parameters of each power interval;
Collecting real-time output power of a power supply module for a vehicle, determining a current power interval according to the real-time output power, and calculating the power variation of the real-time output power in the current power interval;
and calculating the duty ratio calculation parameters corresponding to the reference duty ratio, the power variation and the current power interval to obtain an initial duty ratio, and generating a plurality of pulse width modulation signals with different duty ratios according to the product operation of the initial duty ratio and a preset modulation function.
The control method first obtains a rated power value of the vehicle power module, which is usually marked on a specification or a nameplate of the vehicle power module. For example, for a power supply module for a vehicle rated for 10 kw, the method reads the rated power value of 10 kw as the basis for subsequent calculations. The output power range is divided according to the preset interval number, and the preset interval number can be determined according to the actual application scene and the precision requirement. In this embodiment, the preset number of intervals is 4. According to the rated power of 10 kilowatts and the number of preset intervals of 4,3 power demarcation points are calculated, namely 2.5 kilowatts, 5 kilowatts and 7.5 kilowatts. The demarcation points divide the overall output power range of 0-10 kilowatts into four power intervals, a first power interval of 0-2.5 kilowatts, a second power interval of 2.5-5 kilowatts, a third power interval of 5-7.5 kilowatts, and a fourth power interval of 7.5-10 kilowatts. The power dividing points are calculated in a uniform dividing mode, namely, the rated power value is divided by the number of preset intervals to obtain the power span of each interval, and then the power dividing points are obtained by sequentially accumulating.
The reference duty ratio of the power supply module for the vehicle is set to 50%. For each divided power interval, the control method sets a corresponding gain coefficient and nonlinear modulation index respectively. The gain factor is used to adjust the amplitude of the duty cycle variation and the nonlinear modulation index is used to adjust the degree of nonlinearity of the duty cycle variation. Taking four power intervals as an example, the gain coefficient set by the first power interval of 0-2.5 kilowatts is 0.8, the nonlinear modulation index is 1.2, the gain coefficient set by the second power interval of 2.5-5 kilowatts is 1.0, the nonlinear modulation index is 1.0, the gain coefficient set by the third power interval of 5-7.5 kilowatts is 1.2, the nonlinear modulation index is 0.9, the gain coefficient set by the fourth power interval of 7.5-10 kilowatts is 1.5, and the nonlinear modulation index is 0.8. The gain coefficients and the nonlinear modulation index are used as duty ratio calculation parameters of each power interval and stored in a parameter table of a control system for subsequent calculation.
In the running process of the power supply module for the vehicle, the control method collects the output power of the power supply module for the vehicle in real time. The acquisition can be realized by a voltage sensor and a current sensor, and the acquired voltage value and the acquired current value are multiplied to obtain a real-time output power value. Assuming that the real-time output power acquired at a certain moment is 6.2 kilowatts, the control method judges according to the power interval divided in the front, and the 6.2 kilowatts are located in the third power interval of 5-7.5 kilowatts. And after the current power interval is determined, calculating the power variation of the real-time output power in the current interval. The power change is equal to the real-time output power minus the lower limit of the current interval, in this case 6.2 kw minus 5 kw, equal to 1.2 kw.
The control method calculates duty ratio calculation parameters corresponding to the reference duty ratio, the power variation and the current power interval to obtain an initial duty ratio. The specific operation process comprises the steps of dividing the power variation by the current interval width of 2.5 kilowatts to obtain normalized power variation of 0.48, multiplying the normalized power variation of 0.48 by a gain coefficient of 1.2 to obtain 0.576, multiplying the base number of the normalized power variation by the power of 0.9 to obtain the power of 0.9 of the nonlinear modulation index of 0.576, obtaining the power of 0.9 which is about equal to 0.61, and finally adding the base duty ratio of 50% to 0.61 to obtain the initial duty ratio of about 50.61%.
The control method performs product operation according to the calculated initial duty ratio of 50.61% and a preset modulation function to generate a plurality of pulse width modulation signals with different duty ratios. The preset modulation function may be a sine function, a trigonometric function, or other specific waveform function. In this embodiment, three paths of staggered sinusoidal modulation functions are used, with phases of 0 degrees, 120 degrees, and 240 degrees, respectively. By multiplying the initial duty cycle of 50.61% by the three sine modulation functions, three pulse width modulation signals with different duty cycles are obtained, and the duty cycle values are respectively 50.61%, 43.23% and 57.99%. The three pulse width modulation signals with different duty ratios are used for driving a three-phase bridge circuit in the vehicle power supply module, so that the vehicle power supply module is accurately controlled.
By the method, the power supply module for the vehicle can adopt different duty ratio calculation parameters in different power intervals, so that the fine control of output power is realized, the energy conversion efficiency is improved, the ripple wave is reduced, and the system stability is enhanced. The method is particularly suitable for a power management system of a new energy automobile, and can effectively cope with complex application scenes such as battery charging and discharging, load change of vehicle-mounted equipment and the like.
In an alternative embodiment, monitoring the output power value in real time, when detecting that the output power value exceeds a preset rated power threshold, controlling the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube to be turned off simultaneously, and cutting off a power transmission path of the power supply module for the vehicle includes:
when the output power value is detected to exceed the preset rated power threshold value, the turn-off delay time is calculated based on the ratio of the output power value to the preset rated power threshold value;
and responding to the turn-off control signal, controlling the primary side switch tube and the secondary side switch tube to be turned off simultaneously, and cutting off a power transmission path of the power supply module for the vehicle.
The monitoring can be realized by arranging a current sampling resistor and a voltage sampling circuit at the output end of the power supply module for the vehicle. Specifically, the current sampling resistor is connected in the output loop, and generates a voltage drop when current flows, the voltage drop is proportional to the output current, and the voltage sampling circuit acquires the output voltage through the voltage dividing network. The two signals are conditioned by an amplifying circuit and then sent to an analog-to-digital converter to be converted into digital signals. The controller (which may be an MCU or a DSP) of the power supply module for the vehicle receives the digital signals and calculates an output power value in real time through multiplication operation. For example, when the output voltage is 48V and the output current is 5A, the calculated output power value is 240W.
The power supply module for the vehicle can preset a rated power threshold value in the design stage, and the threshold value is generally comprehensively determined based on factors such as component tolerance, heat dissipation conditions and the like. In a typical 12V/48V dual voltage power module for a vehicle, the preset power rating threshold is set to 300W. This threshold value is stored in the non-volatile memory of the controller.
The controller performs a power comparison operation every control period (typically tens to hundreds of microseconds) to compare the output power value calculated in real time with a preset rated power threshold. And when the output power value is detected to exceed the preset rated power threshold, the controller immediately enters an over-power protection processing flow.
The over-power protection process first calculates a turn-off delay time that is determined based on the ratio of the output power value to a preset power rating threshold. The calculation of the turn-off delay time adopts a nonlinear function relation, so that the turn-off speed is faster as the excess degree is larger. Specifically, the controller calculates the ratio K to be equal to the current output power value divided by the preset rated power threshold. For example, if the current power is 360W and the preset threshold is 300W, k=1.2.
Based on the ratio K, the controller determines the off-delay time in such a manner that the off-delay time is set to 200 milliseconds when K is between 1 and 1.2, 100 milliseconds when K is between 1.2 and 1.5, 50 milliseconds when K is between 1.5 and 2, and 10 milliseconds when K is greater than 2. The grading processing mode can prevent false triggering caused by transient over-power and can quickly respond to the protection circuit under the serious overload condition.
After the off delay time is determined, the controller starts a timer. When the timer reaches the set turn-off delay time, the controller generates a turn-off control signal. The turn-off control signal comprises two paths of control signals for controlling the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube respectively. The two paths of control signals are sent to the control ends of the corresponding switching tubes through special driving circuits.
Assuming that the detected output power is 450W, the preset rated power threshold is 300W, the ratio k=1.5 is calculated, and the corresponding turn-off delay time is 50 milliseconds. The controller starts the timer and generates two low-level control signals simultaneously after 50ms (assuming the switching tube is an N-channel MOSFET, the low level indicates off). The two signals are respectively sent to the gates of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube through respective driving circuits (such as an optocoupler isolation driving circuit).
The primary side switching tube is positioned in the primary side loop of the transformer and is usually connected between the input power supply and the primary winding of the transformer, and the secondary side switching tube is positioned in the secondary side loop of the transformer and is usually connected between the secondary winding of the transformer and the output filter circuit. When the two switching tubes are simultaneously turned off, the energy transmission channels on the two sides of the transformer are simultaneously cut off, so that no energy is continuously transmitted from the input end to the output end, and no energy is released from the energy storage inductor of the transformer to the output end.
To improve the reliability of the protection, the controller monitors the switch tube feedback signal at the same time. These feedback signals come from the voltage detection circuit across the switching tube. Normally, after the controller sends the turn-off control signal, the voltage state change at the two ends of the switching tube should be detected within a few microseconds. If the expected change is not detected, the controller triggers the hardware protection circuit to forcibly open the circuit through a fuse or other protection device.
After the off operation is performed, the controller enters a locked state, at which time all switching tubes remain in an off state, and the fault indicator lamp is turned on. The system can reenter the normal working state only after manual reset or power restarting. The design ensures that the operation can be restored after the fault is manually confirmed and processed, and enhances the safety of the system.
In practical application, the protection method is verified in various power supply modules for vehicles, so that the over-power damage caused by the conditions of load short circuit, abnormal components and the like is effectively prevented, and the safe operation of the vehicle-mounted electronic equipment is ensured.
In a second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, a bias protection and pulse width equalization control system for a power supply module for a vehicle is provided, including:
the first unit is used for acquiring an input voltage signal and an output current signal of the vehicle power supply module, and calculating an instantaneous power value and an output power value of the vehicle power supply module according to the input voltage signal and the output current signal;
a second unit, configured to calculate a transformer inductance value of the power supply module for a vehicle based on the instantaneous power value, compare the transformer inductance value with a preset inductance threshold, and determine that the power supply module for a vehicle is in a bias state when the transformer inductance value deviates from the preset inductance threshold by more than a preset range;
The third unit is used for collecting the conduction current waveforms of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube of the vehicle power supply module, calculating the time difference value of the rising edge time and the falling edge time of the conduction current waveforms, generating compensation time parameters according to the time difference value, respectively overlapping the compensation time parameters to the reference conduction time of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube, dynamically adjusting the actual conduction time of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube, and eliminating the magnetic bias state;
a fourth unit, configured to divide an output power range into a plurality of power intervals, set an independent duty cycle calculation parameter for each power interval, generate a plurality of pulse width modulation signals with different duty cycles based on the duty cycle calculation parameter, and alternately control the turn-on timings of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube through the plurality of pulse width modulation signals with different duty cycles, so as to realize switching loss balance of each power interval;
and the fifth unit is used for monitoring the output power value in real time, and controlling the primary side switch tube and the secondary side switch tube to be simultaneously turned off when the output power value is detected to exceed a preset rated power threshold value, so as to cut off a power transmission path of the power supply module for the vehicle.
In a third aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an electronic device including:
A processor;
A memory for storing processor-executable instructions;
Wherein the processor is configured to invoke the instructions stored in the memory to perform the method described previously.
In a fourth aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the method as described above.
The present invention may be a method, apparatus, system, and/or computer program product. The computer program product may include a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program instructions embodied thereon for performing various aspects of the present invention.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution described in the above embodiments may be modified or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced, and these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solution deviate from the scope of the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The bias protection and pulse width equalization control method for the power supply module for the vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Acquiring an input voltage signal and an output current signal of a vehicle power supply module, and calculating an instantaneous power value and an output power value of the vehicle power supply module according to the input voltage signal and the output current signal;
calculating the inductance of a transformer of the power supply module for the vehicle based on the instantaneous power value, comparing the inductance of the transformer with a preset inductance threshold, and judging that the power supply module for the vehicle is in a magnetic bias state when the inductance of the transformer deviates from the preset inductance threshold by more than a preset range;
Collecting conduction current waveforms of a primary side switching tube and a secondary side switching tube of the vehicle power supply module, calculating a time difference value of rising edge time and falling edge time of the conduction current waveforms, generating compensation time parameters according to the time difference value, respectively overlapping the compensation time parameters to reference conduction time of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube, dynamically adjusting actual conduction time of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube, and eliminating the magnetic bias state;
dividing an output power range into a plurality of power intervals, setting independent duty ratio calculation parameters for each power interval, generating a plurality of pulse width modulation signals with different duty ratios based on the duty ratio calculation parameters, and alternately controlling the conduction time sequence of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube through the pulse width modulation signals with different duty ratios to realize the switching loss balance of each power interval;
And monitoring the output power value in real time, and controlling the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube to be simultaneously turned off when the output power value is detected to exceed a preset rated power threshold value, so as to cut off a power transmission path of the vehicle power supply module.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating a transformer inductance of a vehicular power module based on the instantaneous power value, comparing the transformer inductance to a preset inductance threshold, and determining that the vehicular power module is in a biased state when the transformer inductance deviates from the preset inductance threshold by more than a preset range comprises:
Collecting a primary side voltage signal and a primary side current signal of a transformer, calculating an instantaneous power value of the transformer according to the primary side voltage signal and the primary side current signal, and performing integral operation on the instantaneous power value to obtain a transformer flux linkage value;
collecting real-time temperature signals of a transformer, calculating a temperature difference value between the real-time temperature signals and a preset reference temperature, generating a temperature compensation coefficient based on the temperature difference value, obtaining an actual inductance of the transformer by multiplying the temperature compensation coefficient by an initial inductance of the transformer, and eliminating the influence of temperature fluctuation on inductance detection;
Generating a power compensation coefficient according to the dynamic regulation reference, obtaining a dynamic inductance threshold value by the product of the power compensation coefficient and a preset reference threshold value, and establishing a self-adaptive judgment standard based on the dynamic inductance threshold value;
And calculating an inductance deviation coefficient of the actual inductance of the transformer and a preset standard inductance value, comparing the inductance deviation coefficient with the dynamic inductance threshold, and judging that the power supply module for the vehicle is in a magnetic biasing state when the inductance deviation coefficient exceeds the dynamic inductance threshold.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein collecting on-current waveforms of a primary side switching tube and a secondary side switching tube of the power supply module for the vehicle, calculating a time difference between a rising edge time and a falling edge time of the on-current waveforms, and generating a compensation time parameter according to the time difference comprises:
Calculating instantaneous on-current values of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube according to peak current of on-current waveforms and circuit time constant; calculating rising edge time of the conducting current waveform based on the instant conducting current value and a preset current threshold value; calculating the falling edge time of the conducting current waveform according to the instant conducting current value and the preset current threshold value;
Calculating a time difference value between the rising edge time and the falling edge time, obtaining an asymmetry parameter of the conducting process of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube according to a product of the time difference value and the circuit time constant, and generating a compensation time parameter based on the asymmetry parameter.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the adding of the compensation time parameter to the reference on-times of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube, respectively, dynamically adjusting the actual on-times of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube, eliminating the bias state comprises:
obtaining inductance of a transformer, input voltage and current peak values, and calculating reference conduction time of a primary side switching tube and a secondary side switching tube according to the inductance, the input voltage and the current peak values;
Acquiring output power and rated power of a power supply module for a vehicle, calculating a power adjustment factor according to the ratio of the output power to the rated power, and dynamically adjusting the primary side compensation time and the secondary side compensation time based on the power adjustment factor to obtain primary side dynamic compensation time and secondary side dynamic compensation time;
adding the primary side dynamic compensation time to the reference conduction time to obtain the actual conduction time of the primary side switching tube; adding the secondary side dynamic compensation time to the reference conduction time to obtain the actual conduction time of the secondary side switching tube;
And acquiring a primary side voltage, a secondary side voltage and a transformation ratio, verifying a magnetic flux balance state and eliminating a magnetic bias state based on the product of the primary side voltage and the actual on time of the primary side switching tube and the product of the secondary side voltage and the actual on time of the secondary side switching tube and the transformation ratio.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein dividing the output power range into a plurality of power intervals, setting an independent duty cycle calculation parameter for each of the power intervals, generating a plurality of different duty cycle pulse width modulated signals based on the duty cycle calculation parameters comprises:
The method comprises the steps of obtaining rated power of a vehicle power supply module, calculating a plurality of power demarcation points according to the rated power and the number of preset intervals, and dividing the output power range of the vehicle power supply module into a plurality of power intervals based on the plurality of power demarcation points;
Acquiring a reference duty ratio of a power supply module for a vehicle, respectively setting a corresponding gain coefficient and a nonlinear modulation index for each power interval, and taking the gain coefficient and the nonlinear modulation index as duty ratio calculation parameters of each power interval;
Collecting real-time output power of a power supply module for a vehicle, determining a current power interval according to the real-time output power, and calculating the power variation of the real-time output power in the current power interval;
and calculating the duty ratio calculation parameters corresponding to the reference duty ratio, the power variation and the current power interval to obtain an initial duty ratio, and generating a plurality of pulse width modulation signals with different duty ratios according to the product operation of the initial duty ratio and a preset modulation function.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the output power value in real time, and controlling the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube to be simultaneously turned off when the output power value is detected to exceed a preset rated power threshold, and cutting off a power transmission path of the power supply module for the vehicle comprises:
when the output power value is detected to exceed the preset rated power threshold value, the turn-off delay time is calculated based on the ratio of the output power value to the preset rated power threshold value;
and responding to the turn-off control signal, controlling the primary side switch tube and the secondary side switch tube to be turned off simultaneously, and cutting off a power transmission path of the power supply module for the vehicle.
7. A power module bias protection and pulse width equalization control system for a vehicle for implementing the method of any of the preceding claims 1-6, comprising:
the first unit is used for acquiring an input voltage signal and an output current signal of the vehicle power supply module, and calculating an instantaneous power value and an output power value of the vehicle power supply module according to the input voltage signal and the output current signal;
a second unit, configured to calculate a transformer inductance value of the power supply module for a vehicle based on the instantaneous power value, compare the transformer inductance value with a preset inductance threshold, and determine that the power supply module for a vehicle is in a bias state when the transformer inductance value deviates from the preset inductance threshold by more than a preset range;
The third unit is used for collecting the conduction current waveforms of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube of the vehicle power supply module, calculating the time difference value of the rising edge time and the falling edge time of the conduction current waveforms, generating compensation time parameters according to the time difference value, respectively overlapping the compensation time parameters to the reference conduction time of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube, dynamically adjusting the actual conduction time of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube, and eliminating the magnetic bias state;
a fourth unit, configured to divide an output power range into a plurality of power intervals, set an independent duty cycle calculation parameter for each power interval, generate a plurality of pulse width modulation signals with different duty cycles based on the duty cycle calculation parameter, and alternately control the turn-on timings of the primary side switching tube and the secondary side switching tube through the plurality of pulse width modulation signals with different duty cycles, so as to realize switching loss balance of each power interval;
and the fifth unit is used for monitoring the output power value in real time, and controlling the primary side switch tube and the secondary side switch tube to be simultaneously turned off when the output power value is detected to exceed a preset rated power threshold value, so as to cut off a power transmission path of the power supply module for the vehicle.
8. An electronic device, comprising:
A processor;
A memory for storing processor-executable instructions;
Wherein the processor is configured to invoke the instructions stored in the memory to perform the method of any of claims 1 to 6.
9. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions, which when executed by a processor, implement the method of any of claims 1 to 6.
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CN204408001U (en) * 2014-12-31 2015-06-17 国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司检修分公司 A kind of power supply device being exclusively used in D.C. magnetic biasing testing instrument for electrified
CN120415108A (en) * 2025-05-09 2025-08-01 青岛铭振电子科技有限公司 A single-cycle controlled single-tube boost PFC circuit control method and system

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US8970068B2 (en) * 2011-02-10 2015-03-03 Draker, Inc. Pseudo-random bit sequence generation for maximum power point tracking in photovoltaic arrays

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN204408001U (en) * 2014-12-31 2015-06-17 国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司检修分公司 A kind of power supply device being exclusively used in D.C. magnetic biasing testing instrument for electrified
CN120415108A (en) * 2025-05-09 2025-08-01 青岛铭振电子科技有限公司 A single-cycle controlled single-tube boost PFC circuit control method and system

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