Disclosure of Invention
In the prior art, the lack of effective targeted therapy of lung squamous carcinoma, poor combined chemotherapy effect of PD-1 monoclonal antibody and insufficient development of application value of a proteasome inhibitor in lung squamous carcinoma therapy exist. Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and provides a combination for treating squamous cell carcinoma of lung and its application.
The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating lung squamous carcinoma, which aims to solve the technical problems of low lung squamous carcinoma driving mutation detection rate, poor targeting treatment effect, limited immune combined chemotherapy effect, easiness in generating drug resistance of the existing targeting drugs and the like, and has the technical effects of improving the lung squamous carcinoma treatment effect, prolonging the survival time of a patient and enhancing immune response.
The invention solves the technical problems by adopting the technical scheme that the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating lung squamous carcinoma, which consists of a proteasome inhibitor and a PD-1 pathway inhibitor.
Preferably, the proteasome inhibitor is bortezomib.
Preferably, the PD-1 pathway inhibitor is PD-1 monoclonal antibody.
Preferably, the bortezomib dose is 0.75 mg/kg/time, and the PD-1 mab dose is 10 mg/kg/time.
The invention also comprises a medicine for treating lung squamous carcinoma, which comprises a) a medicine composition and b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or auxiliary material.
The invention also comprises application of the pharmaceutical composition in preparing medicines for treating lung squamous carcinoma.
Description of advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating lung squamous carcinoma and application thereof, and the pharmaceutical composition has the following beneficial effects:
1. The invention fully develops the application value of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in treating lung squamous carcinoma, and the single drug uses bortezomib to inhibit the growth of lung squamous carcinoma tumor, thereby remarkably improving the treatment effect of lung squamous carcinoma and overcoming the problem that the existing targeted therapeutic drug is easy to have drug resistance when treating EGFR mutation positive NSCLC;
2. according to the invention, the bortezomib and the PD-1 monoclonal antibody are combined to form a new treatment strategy, so that the treatment effect is remarkably improved;
3. According to the invention, through flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining analysis, it is proved that bortezomib combined with PD-1 monoclonal antibody treatment can promote CD8+ T cell infiltration and enhance T cell killing activity, and more effective immunotherapy is realized;
4. The invention effectively solves the problems of low detection rate of lung squamous carcinoma driving mutation and poor targeted treatment effect by optimizing the use of bortezomib, particularly the combined use of the bortezomib and PD-1 monoclonal antibody, and provides a more comprehensive and effective treatment scheme for lung squamous carcinoma patients.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical scheme of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical scheme of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
Example 1
Bortezomib promotes killing of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) against squamous carcinoma cells of the lung
1. The experimental method comprises the following steps:
(1) Bortezomib was purchased from selleckchem mg, and was dissolved in DMSO 2.5ml as a solvent to prepare a mother liquor at a concentration of 2 mg/ml.
(2) Isolation of human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) by placing 5ml of fresh peripheral venous blood from healthy volunteers in EDTA-containing tubes, processing within 1 hour, centrifuging 1000g of blood, washing at room temperature for 5min, leaving the upper plasma layer, adding 3ml of PBS to the blood cells, adding 4ml of Ficoll to 15ml of tubes, slowly adding blood along the side wall to the tubes, centrifuging at room temperature for 800g, room temperature for 30min, removing the middle white membrane, adding PBS 2-3 times the volume, 1600 rpm, centrifuging at room temperature for 5min, adding 1ml of erythrocyte lysate after discarding the waste liquid, standing for 5min,1600 rpm, centrifuging at room temperature for 5min, discarding the supernatant, washing with 3ml of PBS, centrifuging at room temperature for 5min, discarding the supernatant, re-suspending with RPMI-1640 medium, and extracting 5ml of fresh peripheral blood to obtain about 5X 10 6 PBMC.
(3) Activation of PBMC the cell counting plate counts PBMC, resuspended in 2ml RPMI-1640 medium per 2X 10 6 PBMC, 10. Mu. L T CELL TRANSACT reagent was added and recombinant human interleukin IL-2 (20U/ml) was added and incubated for 3 days after homogenization.
(4) Co-culture with Lung squamous carcinoma cells two human Lung squamous carcinoma cells were used in this experiment, SK-MES-1, YTMC-90 were all from the university of Tianjin medical university Hospital lung cancer institute. SK-MES-1 cells were cultured in DMEM medium (Gibco) containing 10% fetal bovine serum, and YTMLC-90 cells were cultured in RPIMI1640 medium (Gibco) containing 10% serum. Lung squamous carcinoma cells in logarithmic growth phase are digested by pancreatin, counted after digestion is stopped, 1×10 5 cells are added to each well of a 24-well plate for plating, and pretreatment is carried out for 24 hours after the cells are attached, respectively with DMEM medium, 1640 medium as a control, or 20nM bortezomib. The original culture medium or medicine is removed, the culture medium or medicine is washed by PBS, then PBMC are added into a 24-well plate according to the ratio of tumor cells to PBMC of 1:5, the PBMC are harvested after co-culture for 24 hours, the 24-well plate is washed by PBS, and the tumor cells are fixed and stained by crystal violet.
2. As shown in figure 1, after the PBMC is added after the bortezomib pretreatment, the crystal violet staining shows that the surviving tumor cells are obviously reduced after the co-culture is finished. (darker staining of crystal violet represents more surviving tumor cells).
Example 2
1. Experimental methods SK-MES-1 treated with DMEM medium was used as control group in example 1, and bortezomib-pretreated SK-MES-1 was used as bortezomib group. PBMC from example 1 after co-cultivation with lung squamous carcinoma cells were blocked using a cell stimulating mixture (a mixture of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), ionomycin, brefeldin A and monensin, available from ThermoFisher Co.) to stimulate PBMC cells for 4h, re-harvesting the cells, fc receptor binding inhibitors (available from Airbfish Co.) and CellBlox blocking buffer (available from ThermoFisher Co.). The fluorescently labeled CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8 antibodies (available from ThermoFisher corporation) were added to 80ul of flow-staining buffer (available from ThermoFisher corporation) at a volume of 5ul per sample, the final volume of staining was 100 ul per sample, the staining solution was added to the cell samples, and incubation was performed at 4 ℃ for 30 minutes in the dark. The cells were washed by adding flow cytometry staining solution. Centrifugation was performed at 400g for 5 minutes at room temperature. 100. Mu.L of IC fixative (phosphate buffer solution of paraformaldehyde in composition, pH 7.3, available from ThermoFisher) was added to fix the cells, followed by pulse vortex mixing. Incubate for 30 minutes at room temperature, protected from light. 1 Xof the membrane-disrupted solution was added thereto, and the mixture was centrifuged at 400g for 5 minutes at room temperature, and the supernatant was discarded. The cell pellet was resuspended in 100. Mu.L of 1 Xmembrane rupture fluid. The interferon-gamma, granzyme B antibodies with fluorescent markers were added to the sample at a volume of 5 ul/sample for detection and incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. 1 Xof the membrane-disrupted solution was added, and the solution was centrifuged at 400g for 5 minutes at room temperature, and the supernatant was discarded, and the washing step was repeated 1 time. Stained cells were resuspended in 300ul of flow cytometry staining solution for detection.
2. As shown in figure 2, the flow type detection of the PBMC after co-culture shows that interferon-gamma in T cells co-cultured by lung squamous carcinoma cells treated by bortezomib has higher positive rate of granzyme B, which indicates that the killing activity of the T cells is stronger.
Example 3
1. Experimental methods the present experiment was performed using murine lung squamous carcinoma cell KLN205 (purchased from Meson cell Co.) in DMEM medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, and after the cells had grown to logarithmic phase, they were digested with pancreatin, transferred to a 15ml centrifuge tube, centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5min and the supernatant removed. The cell pellet was resuspended in 5ml PBS, spun at 1000 rpm for 5min, and the previous step was repeated again. Cell counting plates were used to count and prepare cell suspensions at a number of 5X 10 5 cells (50-100. Mu.l) per mouse. 10 mice (purchased from Vetong Liwa) were subcutaneously tumor-bearing, after alcohol sterilization in the inguinal region of the mice, tumor cell suspensions were injected subcutaneously using a syringe, and the needles were slowly withdrawn after injection. Tumors were grown to 50-100mm 3 in size and randomized into two groups of 5 tumors. Intraperitoneal injections of control solvent (DMSO after dilution) or bortezomib (0.75 mg/kg/time) were started and drug treatment was given on days 8 and 11. Tumor size [ V (mm 3)=0.5*L*W2 (L is tumor long diameter, W is tumor short diameter) ] was measured periodically, and the day 14 after the start of administration was taken as the endpoint (day 22 after tumor inoculation, as shown in the figure), mice were euthanized at the endpoint of the experiment, and tissues were harvested for subsequent detection.
2. As shown in the experimental result in figure 3, in the lung squamous cancer tumor-bearing mice, the tumor growth speed of the bortezomib group mice is obviously slower than that of the control group, and the tumor quality at the experimental end point is also smaller than that of the control group.
Example 4
1. The experimental method is that 20 DBA/2J mice are used for constructing lung squamous cancer tumor-bearing models, the construction method is the same as that of the example 3, and the lung squamous cancer tumor-bearing models are randomly divided into 4 groups according to the tumor size after the tumor formation, wherein the 4 groups are respectively a control group, a PD-1 monoclonal antibody group, a bortezomib group and a bortezomib+PD-1 monoclonal antibody group (combined group). Bortezomib (0.75 mg/kg/time) or control solvent (DMSO after dilution) was given for intraperitoneal injection on days 9 and 12. PD-1 mab (10 mg/kg/dose) or IgG treatment (IgG as a control for PD-1 mab, administered in control and bortezomib groups) was given on days 10, 13, 16 and 19. Tumor size [ V (mm 3) =0.5×lw2 (L is tumor long diameter, W is tumor short diameter) ]wasmeasured periodically, the final day of PD-1 mab treatment was taken as the endpoint (day 23 after tumor inoculation), mice were euthanized at the endpoint of the experiment, and tissues were harvested for subsequent detection.
2. As shown in the experimental results in figure 4, in four groups of tumor-bearing mice, the tumor growth rate of the bortezomib combined PD-1 monoclonal antibody group is slowest, has obvious differences with a control group and also has obvious differences with a PD-1 monoclonal antibody treatment group, and shows that the combined treatment effect is superior to that of the PD-1 monoclonal antibody treatment.
Example 5
1. The experimental method comprises the following steps:
1. Production of paraffin sections
(1) The tumor tissues harvested in example 4 were fixed with 4% formaldehyde solution. The samples were washed 3 times for 5 minutes in phosphate buffer.
(2) The treatment was performed with 70%, 80% and 90% ethanol solution for 30 minutes, respectively, followed by 95% and 100% ethanol solution (twice each for 20 minutes), followed by 1:1 100% ethanol and xylene mixture for 15 minutes, followed by xylene alone to be transparent.
(3) Pouring the melted paraffin into a prepared container, rapidly transferring the paraffin-soaked tissue into the container, and cooling to obtain paraffin blocks.
(4) And fixing paraffin blocks on a slicing machine, slicing according to the thickness standard of 3mm, putting the slices into warm water for flattening, rapidly picking up the slices by using a glass slide, and putting the slices on a slice baking machine at 45 ℃ for drying.
2. Immunohistochemical staining
(1) The tissue slices were placed in an oven at 65 ℃ for 1h, the slices were immersed in a1 x dewaxing/antigen retrieval solution, heated with a small fire in a microwave oven for 30min, cooled naturally to room temperature after the end, and washed with PBS for 3min.
(2) The cut pieces were added dropwise to 3%H 2O2 -covered tissue to block endogenous peroxidase, placed in a wet box, incubated at room temperature for 15min, and washed 3 times with PBS for 3min each.
(3) Removing water on the surface of the tissue, dripping goat serum for sealing, placing in a wet box, incubating for 30min at room temperature, and washing with PBS for 1 time and 3min.
(4) Tissue surface moisture was removed, primary antibody was diluted as indicated, added dropwise to the tissue surface, placed in a wet box and incubated overnight at 4 ℃.
(5) The wet box was removed and washed 3 times with PBS 3min at 37℃ Wen Xiangfu ℃30 min.
(6) Adding Polyperoxidase-anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG dropwise, incubating at room temperature or 37 ℃ for 20-30 minutes, and washing with PBS for 3 times, each for 3 minutes
(7) Each slice was added with freshly prepared DAB chromogenic solution dropwise, observed under a microscope, and the positive signal was brown or tan, and after development, the reaction was stopped in PBS.
(8) Hematoxylin is dripped on the tissue, the tissue is stained for 30s, and the tissue is washed for 20min by tap water.
(9) The slices were respectively soaked in 70%,85%,95% absolute ethanol for 5min, and then in xylene for 10min. And finally, sealing the sheet with neutral resin.
2. As shown in fig. 5, the mice tumor tissue in example 4 was sectioned by paraffin embedding, immunohistochemical staining revealed that the combined treatment group had increased infiltration of cd8+ T cells (brown yellow positive cells), and increased cells secreting granzyme B, indicating that the combined treatment promoted the killing function of immune cells.
In conclusion, bortezomib promotes the killing function of T cells on lung squamous carcinoma cells in vitro. In an animal model, bortezomib can enhance the therapeutic effect of PD-1 monoclonal antibody, promote immune cell infiltration and enhance the killing activity of the immune cell infiltration. Therefore, the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib combined with the PD-1 monoclonal antibody can be used as a novel treatment mode of lung squamous carcinoma, and a novel strategy is provided for treating lung squamous carcinoma.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.