CN1204541A - Mouthguard and mouth-piece for prevention of oral faces maxilla traumas deriving in particular from sport activities - Google Patents

Abstract

An anatomical mouthguard (1) and mouthpiece (101) for the prevention of oro-maxillo-facial traumas, resulting in particular from sporting activities, comprise at least one cavity (2s; 2i) for housing a dental arch (5; 6), which cavity (2s; 2i) is bounded by a base wall (4) of controlled thickness and by side walls (3) which are connected to the base wall (4), are anatomically pre-formed and are shaped with a profile complementing the shape of the average surface of the natural teeth and gums of a statistically pre-determined set of individuals.

Description

Prevent the mouth guard and the mouth mask of facies maxillaris damage in oral cavity in the sports

The present invention relates to be used in particular for to prevent facies maxillaris damage in oral cavity in the sports mouth guard and with dissection that mouth guard combines in the mouth mask in oral cavity.Sports make people's body and mind maintain a good state usually, if but prevention a series of damages that also may bring to the sportsman once in a while well, may make him or she carry out expensive over a long time rehabilitation, causing him temporary transient, is for good and all can not proceed sports under the most serious situation.

The oral cavity facies maxillaris damage that The present invention be more particularly directed to is relevant with multiple sports.Some of them generation Body contact, for example boxing, rugby, football, military exercises (martial arts); Though other for example handball, basketball, skiing, table tennis, cycle racing they Body contact does not take place, people are also often interested in the prevention of this class loss, and this is to confirm by up-to-date injured statistics numbers is unfortunate.

The clinical data that can see on the publication show a lot of sportsmen owing to injured be that very high cost has been paid in their physical culture, these are injured from the fractureing of fracture of mandible, corona and root of the tooth, pulp injury and tooth avulsion or loosening.

Somatic damage is inconjunction with enormous economic loss, and is relevant with the expense of treatment and rehabilitation service, and these expenses are born by the group that health legislation provides especially usually.

In order to prevent the damage to dental tissue, dentist and Sports Goods Production merchant provide the intraoral appliance made from like elastomeric material, are referred to as " mouth guard " in the world.In order to realize its protective effect, the requirement that mouth guard should satisfy is a lot, can learn from this domain expert's article usually.

During these require some are to separate lip and tooth, so that the protection upper tooth is not directly hit, alleviate or eliminate the interlock contact, and the maintenance jawbone is closed together, and enough elasticity is arranged.And mouth guard must allow the sportsman to breathe by mouth when jawbone is closed, swallows saliva easily and convenient speaking in the team sport motion.At last, protection must be stable and lasting, and it must form an integral body with oral system, and does not have the medical treatment effect.

The present known two class mouth guards that have: the first kind is by the mouth guard representative of making according to user's individual structure; This product and second class are by the mouth guard representative of common shape, and this product is sold with commercial run produced in series and in sporting goods shop.

The tailored version mouth guard can be pressed onto on special-purpose person's the upperdental arch and cover corona and gum well.Owing to be to adopt with the on all four method of prosthodontia to make this mouth guard by model; so their design strictly adapts with athletic oral cavity structure; their size is through overcorrect, and can in use guarantee good protective action, high situ stability and very strong comfortableness.

Yet the use of tailored version mouth guard is extremely limited, and this is because the sportsman need repair expert's operation, also needs to experience the time of quite long preparation mouth guard, and costs an arm and a leg.

The mouth guard of first type produced in series (thereby price is low) is representative with a kind of product of i.e. usefulness, and this product is sold with three kinds of standard sizes usually, can put on immediately after the sportsman has bought.This mouth guard has general and constant shape, just adapt with athletic specific oral cavity structure roughly: therefore this as a rule mouth guard is unstable and uncomfortable, it need ceaselessly be grited one's teeth and could keep going up in position, and influence is spoken and breathing.Because this product does not have retentivity, so its protective effect is very limited, but also have the problem of biting at any time, thereby the document of medical treatment/aspect, oral cavity comes down hard upon to use them.

Second type industrial mouth guard is used at present widely, because though it is not expensive yet, but it is a kind of more comfortable than preceding, what made by thermoplastic is representative to this mouth guard with a kind of, and this mouth guard can be immersed in the hot water and by using finger, tongue and tooth to sting in his/her oral cavity by the sportsman and change shape.Can buy the standard pack of the mouth guard with a small amount of different sizes, these mouth guards lack enough extensibilities and thickness usually.In the procedure of adaptation; promptly when the sportsman does not add seaming chamber, control ground protector; interlock thickness (original thickness 70% to 99%) occurs and significantly reduce, cause that protective capability significantly descends, in the time of on getting to chin with regard to especially severe manifest the remarkable decline of this protective capability.In this case, the space between sportsman's upperdental arch can be led the system front inadequately greatly and head is stressed, and produces breakneck consequence.

Therefore, though this mouth guard has advantage from price, and has bought on market easily, it can not provide enough protections to a kind of the most serious the most dangerous damage.

Also be present in a mouth mask that inserts in the mouth with the on all four problem that discloses above, this mouth mask can be special-purpose type, is used in widely in the breathing equipment of underwater swimming.

As everyone knows, aforesaid mouth mask comprises the air inlet pipe of an air (or oxygen), an isolated component and two support pads by making like elastomeric material.

Air inlet pipe is the element that isolated component and breathing equipment are coupled together securely.Isolated component is placed between lip and the tooth, and it has a hole that allows air to pass through.Support pad stretches in the oral cavity and between dental arch, so that for the diver provides an engagement region, he can sting on this zone, thereby mouth mask is stably remained on the due position.

The mouth mask of current production also can be divided into two classes: a kind of is common, the i.e. type of usefulness, and a kind of is to utilize material behavior can be suitable for (passing through hot water) type of individual.For mouth guard, the structure of their shape and oral cavity one tooth apparatus is inconsistent.Especially, the position backward of the relative maxilla of mandibular is not considered in the design that should be noted that the isolated component profile, the profile of described isolated component makes that user's mandibular position is slightly outstanding, be positioned on the non-physiological location, the shape and the size of this non-physiological location and supporting zone interrelate, does not proofread and correct according to individual's anatomical structure in this zone, makes the sportsman constantly bite lower tooth, so that mouth mask is remained in position.This continuous motion makes and rubs between isolated component and the gum that the result damages oral cavity-tooth apparatus.

The long-time result of the mouth mask of these types that uses may cause many pathologic condition.Wherein, having of having been found that is as follows: the dysfunction that temple-mandibular connect, follow joint and myalgia, and because snap-in force polar distribution of field poor distribution on the tooth element causes, described dysfunction also increases the weight of the periodontal disease disease that may occur; The isolated component gingivitis that gum causes that constantly rubs, this is owing to the device instability generation.And mouth mask also hinders and swallows, thereby also the overslaugh Eustachian tube is opened, and is that the middle ear balance is necessary and open Eustachian tube, and the overslaugh Eustachian tube is opened and can be made the people think that ear stops up, sometimes even cause and get lost and dizzy.Therefore; but an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of mouth guard cheaply of preformed produced in series; it has the defencive function that can compare favourably with the function of the mouth guard of measuring the back manufacturing; comparatively speaking, the mouth guard of measurement back manufacturing is too expensive concerning most of sportsman.According to the present invention, can reach this purpose by the mouth guard that prevents oral cavity facies maxillaris loss, this mouth guard comprises that at least one is used to hold the cavity of dental arch, this cavity is to be formed by the sidewall that links to each other with the diapire of centre, wherein said one or each cavity form by anatomical structure in advance, at least corresponding with its sidewall, described sidewall forms following profile, is complementary with one group of average surface of adding up the natural tooth of the individuality of being scheduled at least promptly.

The shape of described cavity is designed to be consistent with the shape of tooth, and has alveolus, can hold each tooth one by one.

Because described cavity forming is the shape that can comprise the average profile of tooth of large numbers of individualities; though mouth guard produced according to the invention is designed to standard shape; but be easy to use, keep automatically going up in position, and can protect large numbers of sportsmen effectively.Described mouth guard provided remains on ability on the appropriate location automatically, provides another benefit to the sportsman, and promptly the sportsman needn't sting tight his/her tooth always when using this mouth guard.Except more comfortable and alleviate the fatigue of using mouth guard, described feature also allows athletic mandibular to keep the nature of loosening all muscles, as is known, this STA representation also keeps the most correct state of anatomical structure when participating in sports activites, the only a few exception.

If described mouth guard is also made by thermoplastic, the user can make it individualized, highly is suitable for the anatomical shape in his oral cavity, and need not extra charge, does not also need the expert to get involved.

In addition, the present invention also comprises a restraint device, is difficult for making a fault in the process that makes the suitable user of mouth guard by this restraint device, and the user can control the occlusal position that reaches best.This restraint device also provides another advantage, interlock thickness is not reduced to is lower than the necessary thickness of the most effective protection.

Restraint device can strict control interlock one-tenth-value thickness 1/10, so this restraint device provides the another one advantage, promptly adjusts interlock thickness according to different needs.For example, the danger that the sports of being engaged in itself cause special injury hour can reduce the thickness of the mouth guard that will use.In other cases, it may be suitable for having the sportsman of special requirement: for example, be subjected to the influence of the stress that sports bring and the sportsman that grinds one's teeth in sleep, he is the tooth clinching tooth unconsciously, produce frictional force, so that cause the enamel fracture, split and corrode.

Another object of the present invention provides a kind of mouth mask, and this mouth mask can prevent that the pathological situation relevant with mouth mask as known in the art from taking place, and this is to make it to be suitable for the individual and realize by carry out the anatomical structure adjustment according to user's oral cavity inner structure.

According to the present invention, this purpose is to reach by so a kind of mouth mask, and promptly it structurally forms one with mouth guard according to the present invention.

Advantage according to mouth mask of the present invention is: can determine the vertical thickness with user's the corresponding mouth mask of individual physiological situation; Can isolate snap-in force rightly, thereby relax one's muscles tissue, not cause pain; Install highly stable, thereby farthest reduce in the mouth mask use isolated component to the friction of gum.According to aforementioned purpose, the content of the claim that can narrate from below is clear that technical characterictic of the present invention, and advantage of the present invention in the following detailed description will be clearer, following detailed is carried out with reference to the accompanying drawings, a pure embodiment who provides with unrestriced example is represented in following description, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the top view of expression according to the integral body of mouth guard of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the bottom view of expression according to the integral body of mouth guard of the present invention;

Fig. 3 and 4 is rearview and front views of the mouth guard shown in each figure of front;

Fig. 5 a and 5b are plane and the side views that the device that can link with the mouth guard among aforementioned each figure is cut open along B-B, and this device is used for control interlock thickness when making mouth guard be suitable for the individual;

Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are individual's the planes of upper and lower dental arch, interrelate with the different piece of mouth guard illustrated in figures 1 and 2;

Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 are respectively the bottom view and the top views of integral body of making the mouth mask of one with the mouth guard of Fig. 1 and type shown in Figure 3.

With reference to the accompanying drawings, mark 1 expression mouth guard integral body, this mouth guard comprises arc 1a, it makes (ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer) by thermoplastic, two cavity 2s and 2i are arranged in arc 1a, hold individual's upper and lower dental arch 5 and 6 (Fig. 6 and 7) respectively.

Cavity 2s and 2i form by anatomical structure, and one of them is positioned at another top, and are delimited by sidewall 3, and sidewall substantially perpendicularly is connected with diapire 4, and bottom 4 is positioned in the middle of them and transverse to them.

Being shaped as towards the inside of cavity 2s and 2i of sidewall 3 has and shape by the shape complementarity of the corona average surface of the normal tooth of the predetermined a group individuality of statistical method.It is a plurality of relative in couples arc 31 that the shape of sidewall 3 can provide, and define a plurality of alveolus 7 in combination with diapire 4, and each alveolus can hold a tooth.

The alveolus 7 of two cavity 2s and 2i is on the relevant position of vertical direction, and along according to the relative position of the tooth of individual's dental arch 5 and 6 and crooked arc 1a biasing, the anatomical structure of mandibular adapts under this situation and the individual quiescent conditions.

The sidewall 3 of cavity 2s and 2i has circular end edge 8, and this end edge 8 has the surperficial 8a with the average gingival surface complementation of predetermined a group individuality, also is provided with areas of disconnection 9, and position and shape that this is regional correspond respectively to frenulum; The discharge areas 9a that also has front tooth palate mastoid process is to avoid the issuable overslaugh of oral cavity structure when putting on mouth guard 1.

Corresponding with the position of the first jaw mortar 12 of each in two dental arch 5 and 6, arc 1a has two through holes 10 (Fig. 1,2 and 3), and they run through the thickness of the diapire 4 of arc 1a, are positioned at the both sides in user oral cavity.Can understand better from the following description, and provide these holes 10 in the interlock thickness of control mouth guard 1, to play a significant role.

Corresponding with palate, mastoid process and the front tooth rear region in user oral cavity, there are three similar through holes 13 to run through the sidewall 3 of cavity 2i down.When dental arch 5 and 6 was pressed on mouth guard 1, these holes 13 were used for conspicuous purpose: allow the air ventilation, swallow and pronounce.

Make if mouth guard 1 usefulness user can directly heat the material of shaping, mouth guard 1 has the device 40 of the thickness that is used to control diapire 4, and this thickness is corresponding to the expectation interlock space (Fig. 5 a and 5b) between user's the dental arch 5 and 6.

Device 40 comprises the clamping element 14 that is arc, and it has little central anchor clamps 41 and carries bar shaped straight line spaced-apart elements 11, this element and described arc coplane, and its position is corresponding with two arc opposite end 41a and give prominence to toward each other in arc.The size of spaced-apart elements 11 is corresponding with the through hole 10 of sidewall 3, and its position is corresponding with the first jaw mortar 12.

Corresponding to anchor clamps 41, but towards arc inside, device 40 comprises three annexes 15, through hole 13 complementations of the front tooth rear area of the sidewall 3 of the shape of described annex 15, size and length and arc 1a.

Device 40 is made (thermoplastic poly formaldehyde technology polymer) by resilient flexible plastic, allow the user to open greatly with handgrip is arc, so that respectively (with therefrom taking out) in the through hole 10 of two spaced-apart elements, 11 insertion arc 1a, its position is corresponding with the first jaw mortar, and three annexes 15 is inserted the through hole 13 on the palate zone behind the front tooth that is arranged in arc 1a.

By such connection, device 40 itself flexibly be looped around arc 1a around, surround outmost sidewall 3, and only by catch the small jig 41 of device 40 just can clamp and block mouth guard 1 securely with two fingers.

For making mouth guard 1 be fit to the anatomical structure of user's tooth, lower lip and gum just, need immerse the sufficiently long time in the hot water to mouth guard 1, so that make the material softening of making arc 1a; Anchor clamps 41 with device 40 support mouth guard 1, so that control interlock space; Whole device is put into people's mouth; Cavity 2s and 2i and dental arch 5 and 6 are matched, carefully each tooth is placed each alveolus 7; At last dental arch 5 and 6 is close to each other in the tight position of stinging of lower jaw.

By preventing that at the spaced-apart elements 11 of the arch support between dental arch 5 and 6 and annex 13 the possible thickness that the interlock cushion that is provided by diapire 4 that tightly causes excessively is provided of in according to personal considerations's adjustment process tooth from too reducing, perhaps the perforation in hole 13 part excessively reduces, hole 13 is positioned on the sidewall 3, and is corresponding with user's palate, mastoid process and back front tooth.Fig. 9 and 8 shows a kind of modification of the embodiment of mouth guard 1, and wherein mouth guard 1 is done as a whole being made into integration in mouth mask, and described mouth mask is used for Breathing device for, and its integral body is represented with 101.Described mouth mask 101 is made by elastomeric material, can be foregoing by heating voluntarily the individual adjust, it comprises an air inlet pipe 102, isolated component 103 and two support pads 104.

A hole 106 is arranged by air inlet pipe 101, and be scheduled to isolated component 103 is fixed to (not shown) on the breathing equipment.

There is a hole at the middle part of isolated component 103, is used to allow air to pass through, and isolated component 103 inserts between lip and the tooth.

The interior direction of support pad 104 beads is extended and is comprised diapire 4, and this diapire is by defining by the preformed sidewall 3 of anatomical structure.Sidewall 3 defines cavity 2s and the 2i with the cavity all fours shown in prior figures 1,2 and 3 jointly.

After having carried out individual adjustment by the user, cavity 2s and 2i are between dental arch 5 and 6, surround them fully, so that a clamping space is provided, organizing well of this clamping space and oral cavity mated, allow mouth mask 101 to remain on the stable position, under the static situation of mandibular, it is tight that the user almost need not to make great efforts to sting.

Fig. 8 and 9 also illustrates, and the extension of direction is limited to the zone of dental arch 5 and 6 in cavity 2s and the 2i bead, and extend between jaw mortar and the second jaw mortar before first in this zone.Therefore, the front also is applicable to mouth mask 101 about the description of the technical characterictic shown in Fig. 1,2,3 and 4.

About the adjustment of mouth mask 101, especially set about the size of interlock thickness, except to the obvious improved shape that restraint device 40 is done among Fig. 5 a, the description of front is applicable to geometry and the size and mouth mask 101 couplings shown in Fig. 8 and 9 that makes it.

Therefore, can carry out multiple improvement and distortion to the present invention, and not break away from concept of the present invention.In addition, all elements can be replaced with the technical element that is equal to.

Claims (19)

1. a mouth guard that is used to prevent oral cavity facies maxillaris damage comprises that at least one is used to hold dental arch (5; 6) cavity (2s; 2i), described cavity (2s; 2i) define, it is characterized in that, described one or each cavity (2s by the sidewall (3) that links to each other with middle diapire (4); 2i) form by anatomical structure, adapt with sidewall (3) at least, described sidewall (3) is shaped as profile at least and average surface shape complementarity by the natural tooth of the predetermined a group individuality of statistical method.

2. mouth guard according to claim 1 is characterized in that, it comprises that (2s 2i), is used for holding respectively individual upper and lower dental arch (5,6) to two described cavitys.

3. mouth guard according to claim 2 is characterized in that, cavity (5,6) is that the relative position of the tooth of the individual dental arch (5,6) according to corresponding to individual inactive state the time is shaped.

4. according to each the described mouth guard in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that (2s 2i) has a plurality of alveolus (7) at least one described cavity, and wherein each is used to hold a tooth.

5. mouth guard according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sidewall (3) has end edge (8), and this end edge (8) has surface (8a) again, this surface (8a) and shape complementarity by the average gingival surface of the predetermined a group individuality of statistical method.

6. mouth guard according to claim 5 is characterized in that, the end edge (8) of sidewall (3) is provided with areas of disconnection (9), position that this is regional and shape and the frenulum complementation of pressing the predetermined a group individuality of statistical method.

7. mouth guard according to claim 1 is characterized in that, it is can directly heat molded material by the user to make.

8. mouth guard according to claim 7, it is characterized in that it comprises at least one through hole (10), run through described one or each cavity (2s, diapire 2i) (4), and can hold at least one and be used for when user's tooth clinching, separating dental arch (5; 6) element (11).

9. mouth guard according to claim 8 is characterized in that, the position of hole (10) is corresponding with user's the first jaw mortar (12).

10. mouth guard according to claim 8 is characterized in that, two holes (10) are arranged, and lays respectively at the both sides in user oral cavity.

11. mouth guard according to claim 1 is characterized in that, it comprises that three through holes (13) run through at least one sidewall (3), and its position is corresponding with palate, mastoid process and the front tooth zone, back in user oral cavity.

12. mouth guard according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described one or each spaced-apart elements (11) are positioned at an end of the artificial clamping element (14) of mouth guard (1).

13. mouth guard according to claim 12, it is characterized in that, the shape of described clamping element (14) is made and can be surrounded described one or each cavity (2s, sidewall 2i) (3), and it can open wideer so that described one or each spaced-apart elements (11) put into each accommodation hole (10) or therefrom take out.

14. mouth guard according to claim 12 is characterized in that, described clamping element (14) is provided with annex (15), and they can insert in the hole (13) in palate facing to the user, mastoid process zone.

15. device that is used to limit the interlock thickness of mouth guard, it is characterized in that, it comprises that at least one is used to separate dental arch (5, the artificial clamping element (14) of element 6) (11) and one supporting described one or each spaced-apart elements (11), described device (16) allows by this way described one or each spaced-apart elements (11) are positioned over user's dental arch (5,6) between, promptly define one with tooth the interlock space of corresponding preset width when closed.

16. device according to claim 15 is characterized in that, described one or each spaced-apart elements (11) are bar shapeds.

17. device according to claim 15 is characterized in that, clamping element (14) is made by resilient soft material.

18. device according to claim 15 is characterized in that, it comprises three annexes (15) that are positioned on the clamping element (14), stretches to user's palate, mastoid process and front tooth zone, back.

19. a mouth mask has according to each the described mouth guard (1) in aforementioned claim 1 to 10 and 12 to 14.

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