CN1199948A - DC electric motor - Google Patents

Abstract

A DC motor in which the cogging torque is greatly reduced and the coils are wound in a balanced manner. The stator core 1 has alternating first T-shaped magnetic poles 3 and second T-shaped magnetic poles 4, and a magnetic pole portion 3b with a large circumferential width and a magnetic pole portion 4b with a small circumferential width are formed at the front ends of the T-shaped magnetic poles 3 and 4. The coils of U-W phases are alternately and continuously wound on the first T-shaped magnetic pole 3 and the second T-shaped magnetic pole 4 , regardless of the width of the T-shaped magnetic poles 3 and 4 , the lengths of the transition lines are approximately equal.

Description

DC motor

The present invention relates to a DC motor having a plurality of T-shaped magnetic poles having different widths in the circumferential direction of opposing portions opposed to opposing magnetic pole portions.

For example, some outer-rotor type 3-phase DC brushless motors have protruding magnetic poles on the side of the T-shaped magnetic poles in the circumferential direction, so that the openings of the slots are half-closed. With this structure, since the rotor magnet faces the opening of the slot, the moment when the magnet is not affected by the magnetic flux is reduced, so the cogging torque becomes small and the rotor runs smoothly.

In the above-mentioned DC motor, it is conceivable to alternately change the circumferential dimension of the magnetic pole portion so that the positions of the slot openings alternately change in the circumferential direction. With such a structure, the moment when the rotor magnet opposes the slot opening is further reduced, and the cogging torque becomes smaller.

However, since the size in the circumferential direction of the T-shaped magnetic pole of the above-mentioned DC motor varies with the size of the magnetic pole portion in the circumferential direction, when the T-shaped magnetic poles of each phase are continuously wound with coils, the length of the transition line between the T-shaped magnetic poles is different. Therefore, the tension when winding the wire between the T-shaped magnetic poles is uneven, and the coil is also wound unevenly. Simultaneously, since the elongation of the coils between the T-shaped magnetic poles is different, the resistance values of the coils between the T-shaped magnetic poles are also different, which may not be able to obtain stable torque performance.

The present invention has been developed and completed in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a DC motor in which cogging torque can be significantly reduced and coils can be wound uniformly.

The DC motor described in the first aspect is characterized in that it has a plurality of T-shaped magnetic poles with different widths in the circumferential direction of the opposed parts opposite to the opposed magnetic pole parts, and multi-phase coils wound on the above-mentioned T-shaped magnetic poles. The coil is wound continuously in the order of wide T-shaped magnetic pole→narrow T-shaped magnetic pole→wide T-shaped magnetic pole, or in the order of narrow T-shaped magnetic pole→wide T-shaped magnetic pole→narrow T-shaped magnetic pole.

Through the above solution, since the circumferential dimension of the T-shaped magnetic pole opposing portion is different, the cogging torque is greatly reduced. And because the coils of each phase are in the order of wide T-shaped magnetic pole→narrow T-shaped magnetic pole→wide T-shaped magnetic pole, or in the order of narrow T-shaped magnetic pole→wide T-shaped magnetic pole→narrow T-shaped magnetic pole Wound, so regardless of the width of the T-shaped magnetic poles, the length of the transition line between the T-shaped magnetic poles is roughly uniform. Therefore, the tension acting on each coil during winding is approximately the same, and each coil is wound uniformly.

The feature of the DC motor described in the second scheme is that the facing portion of the T-shaped magnetic pole protrudes outward from the side in the circumferential direction of the coil winding portion of the T-shaped magnetic pole, and the circumferential width dimension of the coil winding portion of the T-shaped magnetic pole is the same as the opposing portion. corresponding to the department.

Through the above scheme, the T-shaped magnetic pole with a large circumferential width of the opposite part has a large circumferential width of the coil winding part, and the T-shaped magnetic pole with a small circumferential width of the opposite part has a large circumferential width of the coil winding part. The size is also small. Therefore, the magnetic balance between the circumferential width dimension of the coil winding portion and the circumferential width dimension of the facing portion is improved, magnetic saturation of the T-shaped magnetic pole can be prevented, and cogging torque can be reduced more effectively.

The DC motor described in the third aspect is characterized in that it has a first T-shaped magnetic pole with a large circumferential width dimension of the opposing portion opposing the opposing magnetic pole portion, and a circumferential width dimension of the opposing portion opposing the opposing magnetic pole portion Small second T-shaped magnetic poles, and multi-phase coils wound on the first T-shaped magnetic poles and the second T-shaped magnetic poles. The T-shaped magnetic pole and the 2nd T-shaped magnetic pole are wound alternately and continuously.

According to the above arrangement, since the circumferential width dimension of the first T-shaped magnetic pole-opposing portion is different from that of the second T-shaped magnetic pole-opposing portion, the cogging torque can be significantly reduced. Moreover, since the coils of each phase are alternately wound on the first T-shaped magnetic pole and the second T-shaped magnetic pole, the lengths of the transition lines between the T-shaped magnetic poles are approximately equal, so the coils are wound uniformly. In addition, since the first T-shaped magnetic poles and the second T-shaped magnetic poles are alternately arranged, the number of the first T-shaped magnetic poles and the second T-shaped magnetic poles of each phase, the arrangement angle, etc. are constant, so stable torque performance can be obtained.

The feature of the DC motor described in the fourth proposal is that the opposing portion of the first T-shaped magnetic pole and the opposing portion of the second T-shaped magnetic pole are separated from the circumferential direction of the coil winding portion of the first T-shaped magnetic pole and the coil winding portion of the second T-shaped magnetic pole. The sides protrude outward, and the circumferential width dimensions of the coil winding portion of the first T-shaped magnetic pole and the coil winding portion of the second T-shaped magnetic pole correspond to the opposing portions of the first T-shaped magnetic pole and the opposing portion of the second T-shaped magnetic pole.

Through the above scheme, the first T-shaped magnetic pole with a large width in the circumferential direction of the opposite part has a large circumferential width of the coil winding part, and the second T-shaped magnetic pole with a small circumferential width of the opposite part has a large circumference of the coil winding part. The direction width dimension is also small. Therefore, the magnetic balance between the circumferential width dimension of the coil winding portion and the circumferential width dimension of the facing portion is improved, magnetic saturation of the T-shaped magnetic pole can be prevented, and cogging torque can be reduced more effectively.

The feature of the DC motor described in the 5th kind of scheme is that coils of 3 phases are wound on the 1st T-shaped magnetic pole and the 2nd T-shaped magnetic pole, and the coils of each phase are pressed by the 1st T-shaped magnetic pole, and then adjacent to the 1st T-shaped magnetic pole for 3 Sequential winding of the 2nd T-shaped magnetic pole.

Through the above scheme, since the coils of each phase are wound in the order of the first T-shaped magnetic pole, and then three adjacent second T-shaped magnetic poles in the circumferential direction of the first T-shaped magnetic pole, the transition line length distance between each T-shaped magnetic pole Shortest and even. Therefore, the transition lines are prevented from colliding with each other, and the insulation between different phase coils is improved.

The DC motor described in the sixth aspect is characterized in that the transition line of one phase is arranged on one end face side in the axial direction of the T-shaped magnetic pole, and the transition lines of the remaining two phases are arranged on the other end face side in the axial direction.

Through the above solution, the transition line of one phase is arranged on one end surface side of the T-shaped magnetic pole in the axial direction, and the transition lines of the other two phases are arranged on the other end surface side in the axial direction. Therefore, the transition wires are prevented from colliding with each other, and the insulation between different phase coils is improved.

The DC motor described in the seventh solution is characterized in that each coil is oriented and wound on the T-shaped magnetic pole, and the winding start and winding end of each coil are arranged on the opposite side of the T-shaped magnetic pole to the opening of the slot.

According to the above configuration, the winding start and winding end of each coil are arranged on the side opposite to the opening of the slot. Therefore, the lead-out positions of the transition lines between the T-shaped magnetic poles are fixed, and the length of the transition lines is more uniform.

FIG. 1 is a drawing showing an embodiment of the present invention (showing a plan view of a stator core).

Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing a stator core and insulating end plates.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a front end portion of a T-shaped magnetic pole.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing the entire structure.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a coil winding state.

Fig. 6 is a plan view showing a state in which a U-phase coil is wound.

Fig. 7 is a plan view showing a state in which a V-phase coil is wound.

Fig. 8 is a plan view showing a wound state of a W-phase coil.

Fig. 9 is a plan view showing an enlarged main part of an insulating end plate.

Fig. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a housed state of a W-phase coil jumper wire.

Fig. 11 is a perspective view showing a housed state of a W-phase coil jumper wire.

Fig. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a stored state of a U-phase coil jumper wire.

Fig. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a state in which a V-phase coil jumper wire is accommodated.

Fig. 14 is a perspective view showing the rotor.

Fig. 15 is a plan view showing the rotor.

Fig. 16 is a perspective view showing a guide plate.

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. This embodiment adopts the present invention as an outer rotor type 3-phase 36-pole DC brushless motor for driving a washing machine pulsator and a washing tub.

First, in FIG. 1, the stator core 1 consists of a substantially cylindrical inner yoke 2, 18 first T-shaped magnetic poles 3 extending radially from the inner yoke 2, and 18 first T-shaped magnetic poles 3 extending radially from the inner yoke 2. The second T-shaped magnetic pole 4 is constituted, and the first T-shaped magnetic pole 3 and the second T-shaped magnetic pole 4 are alternately arranged at equal pitches (=10°) along the circumferential direction.

Each first T-shaped magnetic pole 3 is made up of a square column-shaped coil winding portion 3a and a magnetic pole portion 3b protruding from the side of the coil winding portion 3a in the circumferential direction. The circumferential width dimension of each magnetic pole portion 3b is set to W1b, and each coil winding portion The circumferential direction width dimension of 3a is set to W1a corresponding to the circumferential direction width dimension W1b of the magnetic pole part 3b.

Each of the 2nd T-shaped magnetic pole 4 is made up of a square column-shaped coil winding portion 4a and a magnetic pole portion 4b protruding from the side of the coil winding portion 4a in the circumferential direction. The magnetic pole portion 3b is smaller than W2b, and the circumferential width dimension of each coil winding portion 4a is set to W2a (<W1a) corresponding to the circumferential width dimension W2b of the magnetic pole portion 4b. The magnetic pole portions 3b and 4b correspond to opposing portions.

A slot 5 is formed between each first T-shaped magnetic pole 3 and each second T-shaped magnetic pole 4 . These slots 5 are semi-closed, and the openings 5a of each slot 5 are open to the outside. In addition, the stator core 1 is formed by stacking several steel plates.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the axial upper and lower sides of the stator core 1 are covered with insulating end plates 6 , 7 . The insulating end plates 6 and 7 are injection molded from insulating synthetic resin (polybutylene terephthalate containing glass filler), and have a cylindrical portion 8 from which 18 first insulators radially extend. The resin portion 9 and the 18 second insulating resin portions 10 radially extending from the cylindrical portion 8 are alternately arranged at equal pitches (=10°) in the circumferential direction.

Each first insulating resin part 9 is composed of a first main body part 9a with a U-shaped cross section and a first flange part 9b at the front end of the first main part 9a with a substantially U-shaped shape. The circumferential width dimension of each main part 9a is The width dimension W1a of the coil winding part 3a is set substantially equal, and the width dimension of each flange part 9b in the circumferential direction is set substantially equal to the width dimension W1b of the magnetic pole part 3b.

Each second insulating resin part 10 is composed of a second body part 10a with a U-shaped cross section and a second flange part 10b at the front end of the second body part 10a with a substantially U-shaped shape. The circumferential width of each body part 10a is The width dimension in the circumferential direction of each flange portion 10b is set approximately equal to the width dimension W2a of the coil winding portion 4a, and the width dimension in the circumferential direction is set approximately equal to the width dimension W2b of the magnetic pole portion 4b.

Between each insulating resin portion 9 of the insulating end plate 6 and each insulating resin portion 9 of the insulating end plate 7, and between each insulating resin portion 10 of the insulating end plate 6 and each insulating resin portion 10 of the insulating end plate 7, such as As shown in FIG. 3 , they are butted at the central portion in the axial direction of the stator core 1 . Like this, the inside of each main body part 9a, 10a is in close contact with the outside of coil winding part 3a, 4a, and the outside of each coil winding part 3a is covered by main body part 9a, 9a, and the outside of each coil winding part 4a is covered by main body part 10a, 4a. 10a covered. The outer peripheral surface of each flange part 9b, 10b is in close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the magnetic pole part 3b, 4b.

Reference numeral 11 in FIG. 4 denotes a wide first T-shape composed of the first T-shaped magnetic pole 3 and the first insulating resin portions 9 , 9 covering the first T-shaped magnetic pole 3 . Reference numeral 12 denotes a narrow second T shape composed of the second T-shaped magnetic pole 4 and the second insulating resin portions 10 , 10 covering the second T-shaped magnetic pole 4 .

A U-phase coil 13 is wound around the two insulating resin parts 9 and 10 on the predetermined T shapes 11 and 12 . These U-phase coils 13 are continuously wound with six T-shaped 11, 12 by a magnetic wire, and the winding sequence of the U-phase coil 13, as shown in the label U of Figure 1, is from the widest 1st T-shaped magnetic pole 3 to the T The sequence from the third adjacent narrow second T-shaped magnetic pole 4 in the arrow A direction of the T-shaped magnetic pole 3 to the third adjacent wide first T-shaped magnetic pole 3 in the arrow A direction of the T-shaped magnetic pole 4 ... It is assumed that the transition line 13 a of each U-phase coil 13 is arranged on the axially lower side of the stator core 1 as shown in FIG. 12 .

On the predetermined T shapes 11, 12, as shown in FIG. 4, a V-phase coil 14 is wound around the two insulating resin portions 9, 10. These V-phase coils 14 are continuously wound with six T-shaped 11, 12 by a magnetic wire, and the winding sequence of the V-phase coil 14, as shown in the label V of Fig. 1, is from the narrow second T-shaped pole 4 to the T The sequence from the third adjacent wide first T-shaped magnetic pole 3 in the arrow A direction of the T-shaped magnetic pole 4 to the third adjacent narrow second T-shaped magnetic pole 4 in the arrow A direction of the T-shaped magnetic pole 4 ... It is assumed that the transition line 14a of each V-phase coil 14 is arranged on the axially lower side of the stator core 1 as shown in FIG. 13 .

On the predetermined T shapes 11, 12, as shown in FIG. 4, a W-phase coil 15 is wound around the two insulating resin portions 9, 10. These W-phase coils 15 are continuously wound with six T-shaped 11, 12 by a magnetic wire, and the winding order of the W-phase coil 15, as shown in the label W of Fig. 1, is from the narrow second T-shaped magnetic pole 4 to the T The sequence from the third adjacent wide first T-shaped magnetic pole 3 in the arrow A direction of the T-shaped magnetic pole 4 to the third adjacent narrow second T-shaped magnetic pole 4 in the arrow A direction of the T-shaped magnetic pole 4 ... It is set that the transition line 15a of each W-phase coil 15, as shown in FIG. side).

Each coil 13-15, as shown by the arrow in Figure 5, its winding direction is from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side, and then from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side, repeating layer by layer, roughly forming a pyramid shape and winding 4 layers neatly, each coil The winding start and winding end portions of 13 to 15 are located on the inner peripheral side of the T-shape 11 , 12 . The numbers in FIG. 5 represent the winding order of the coils 13-15, and the number of winding turns of the coils 13-15 is one less for each upper layer.

On the wide first T-shape 11, as shown in FIG. 5(b), additional coils 13b-15b and 13c-15c are wound at radially opposite ends of the coils 13-15. Each of these additional coils 13b～15b and 13c～15c is called the part that occupies the space at both ends of the coils 13～15, and is wound continuously on the coils 13～15. And the last layer of 13c-15c is arrange|positioned at substantially the same axial height.

Wall portions 9c, 10c are formed on the entire outer peripheral portions of the respective insulating resin portions 9, 10. The axial heights of the wall portions 9c, 10c are set substantially the same as those of the coils 13-15 so as to prevent the coils 13-15, the additional coils 13b-15b and 13c-15c from coming off to the outer peripheral side.

On each insulating resin part 9, 10, as shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of guide grooves 9d, 10d are formed at the two corners of the main body part 9a, 10a in the circumferential direction. The radial width dimension of each guide groove 9d, 10d is set to be approximately the same as the diameter dimension R (=0.6mm) of the magnetic wire, and the axial depth dimension is set to be approximately the same as 1/2 of the diameter dimension R of the magnetic wire , the magnetic wires of the lowermost layers of the coils 13-15 are inserted into the guide grooves 9d, 10d.

Each coil 13～15, additional coil 13b～15b and 13c～15c along with the rotation of automatic winding machine (not shown in the figure) head (not shown in the figure), is wound on the T shape 11,12, automatically On the winding machine, as shown in Figure 16, a substantially L-shaped guide plate 16 and a reverse guide plate 17 are movably mounted.

Protrusions 16 a are formed on both ends of the guide plate 16 in the circumferential direction. A concave portion 16b is formed between the protrusions 16a. When winding each coil 13-15, additional coils 13b-15b and 13c-15c, the concave portion 16b of the guide plate 16 is inserted into the outer side of the T-shaped 11, 12, and the The plates 16 and 17 move intermittently in the radial direction (forward arrow B and reverse direction, reverse arrow B direction) at an interval R, and guide the magnetic wire along the front ends of the guide plates 16 and 17 .

As shown in FIG. 10 , an arcuate concave portion 18 is formed on the upper insulating end plate 6 . The concave portion 18 is composed of cylindrical portions 19 and 20 and an annular bottom plate portion 21 , and notches 19 a corresponding to the respective W-phase coils 15 are formed in the outer cylindrical portion 19 . The transition wire 15a of each W-phase coil 15 is inserted into the recess 18 through the notch 19a as shown in FIG. 11, and is drawn out of the recess 18 through the adjacent notch 19a. The cylindrical portions 19 and 20 and the bottom plate portion 21 are integrally formed with the insulating end plate 6 .

As shown in FIG. 12 , an arcuate concave portion 22 is formed on the lower insulating end plate 7 . The concave portion 22 is composed of cylindrical portions 23 and 24 and an annular bottom plate portion 25 , and notches 23 a corresponding to the respective U-phase coils 13 are formed in the outer cylindrical portion 23 . The transition wire 13a of each U-phase coil 13 is inserted into the recess 22 through the notch 23a, and is drawn out of the recess 22 through the adjacent notch 23a.

On the lower insulating end plate 7 , as shown in FIG. 13 , an arc-shaped concave portion 26 is formed at a position on the inner peripheral side of the concave portion 22 . The concave portion 26 is composed of cylindrical portions 24 and 27 and an annular bottom plate portion 28 , and notches 23 b and 24 a corresponding to the respective V-phase coils 14 are formed in the cylindrical portions 23 and 24 . The transition wire 14a of each V-phase coil 14 is inserted into the recess 26 through the cutouts 23b, 24a, and drawn out of the recess 26 through the adjacent cutouts 23b, 24a. The cylindrical portions 23 , 24 , 27 and the bottom plate portions 25 , 18 are integrally formed with the insulating end plate 7 .

On the bottom plate portion 21 of the upper insulating end plate 6, as shown in FIG. 9, square cylindrical terminal insertion portions 29-31 are integrally formed. The roughly U-shaped grooves 32, 32. The 12 U-phase coils 13, as shown in FIG. The winding start end portion 13s is inserted into the two groove portions 32 of the terminal insertion portion 29 .

The 12 V-phase coils 14, as shown in FIG. Inside the ditch 32. The 12 W-phase coils 15, as shown in FIG. Inside the ditch 32.

On the bottom plate portion 21 of the upper insulating end plate 6, as shown in FIG. 9, square cylindrical terminal insertion portions 33-35 are integrally formed. Grooves 32, 32. The 12 U-phase coils 13, as shown in FIG. 6, are finally wound on the narrow second T-shaped 12 near the terminal insertion portion 33, and the winding end portions 13e of the 12 U-phase coils 13 are inserted into the terminals. into the two grooves 32 of the insertion portion 33 .

Twelve V-phase coils 14, as shown in FIG. inside the ditch 32 . Twelve W-phase coils 15, as shown in FIG. inside the ditch 32 .

Insert the common connection terminal (not shown in the figure) in the terminal insertion part 29～31, insert the external connection terminal (not shown in the figure) in the terminal insertion part 33～35, after the magnet wire sheath is cut open, the core wire and Each terminal is connected. A terminal block (not shown) made of synthetic resin is installed on the insulating end plate 6 on the upper side, and each common connection terminal is connected together through a conductive plate (not shown) embedded in the terminal block, and each external connection The terminals are connected to a power source (not shown) through a conductive plate (not shown) embedded in the terminal base.

A rotor 36 is housed in the stator core 1 from one side in the axial direction. This rotor 36, as shown in Figures 14 and 15, is made of a short cylindrical frame with a closed upper end face, a ring along the outer peripheral surface of the frame, and 24 rotor magnets 37 along the inner peripheral surface of the frame. The rotor is integrally made of resin, and the output shaft (not shown) is fixed at the central part of the rotor 36. The inner peripheral surface of each rotor magnet 37 is connected with the magnetic pole portion 3b of the first T-shaped magnetic pole 3 and the second T-shaped magnetic pole 4. The outer peripheral surfaces of the magnetic pole portions 4b are spaced apart from each other and face each other. The rotor magnet corresponds to a magnetic pole portion.

Next, a method of winding the coils 13 to 15 will be described. After covering both sides of the stator core 1 in the axial direction with the insulating end plates 6 and 7 , as shown in FIG. Then, the common terminal is inserted into the terminal insertion portion 29, and the winding start end portion 13s is fixed by the common terminal. In this state, the head of the winding machine rotates, and the wide first T-shaped 11 located near the terminal insertion portion 29 starts to wind the magnet wire.

At this time, as shown in Figure 16, as the guide plates 16 and 17 of the winding machine move intermittently at intervals R from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side (in the direction of arrow B), the magnetic wire falls into the guide groove 9d and is wound. Form the first layer of the U-phase coil 13.

After the first layer of the U-phase coil 13 is wound, the guide plates 16 and 17 are arranged from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side (inverse arrow B direction), from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side (in the direction of the arrow B), and from the outer peripheral side Move in sequence to the inner peripheral side (counter-arrow B direction), so that the magnet wires of the upper layer fall between the magnet wires of the lower layer. In this way, the second layer, the third layer, and the fourth layer of the U-phase coil 13 are wound.

After the U-phase coil 13 is wound on the wide first T shape 11, as shown in FIG. Then, the series of operations described above are repeated for the third narrow second T-shaped 12 adjacent to the wide first T-shaped 11 in the arrow A direction, and the U-phase coil 13 is wound on the narrow second T-shaped 12 .

After the U-phase coil 13 is wound on the narrow second T-shape 12, the transition wire 13a is retracted into the recess 22, and the third adjacent wide first T-shape 11 along the arrow A direction of the narrow second T-shape 12 , to the wide first T-shaped 11 along the direction of the arrow A, the third adjacent narrow second T-shaped 12 ... in order to wind the U-phase coil 13 in sequence, and finally, as shown in Figure 6, in the initial wide first T-shaped 12 ... A U-phase coil 13 is wound on the third adjacent narrow second T-shaped 12 of the 1T-shaped 11 in the direction opposite to the arrow A. Then, insert the winding end portion 13e of the U-phase coil 13 into the two grooves 32 of the terminal insertion portion 33, insert the external terminal into the terminal insertion portion 33, and fix the winding end portion 13e with the external terminal.

After the 12 U-phase coils 13 are wound, as shown in FIG. 7 , insert the winding start end 14s of the magnetic wire into the two grooves 32 of the terminal insertion part 30, and then insert the common terminal into the terminal insertion part 30, The winding start end 14s is fixed with a common terminal. In this state, the head of the winding machine rotates, and starts to wind the magnetic wire on the second adjacent narrow second T-shaped 12 in the direction of the reverse arrow A of the wide first T-shaped 11 that initially wound the U-phase coil 13, and winds V Phase coil 14.

The V-phase coil 14 is the same as the U-phase coil 13. When winding, the moving directions of the guide plates 16 and 17 are switched from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side, and then from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side, every other layer. After winding the V-phase coil 14 on the narrow second T-shaped 12, as shown in FIG. Then, the V-phase coil 14 is wound on the third adjacent wide first T-shaped 11 of the narrow second T-shaped 12 in the arrow A direction.

After winding the V-phase coil 14 on the wide first T-shaped 11, according to the third adjacent narrow second T-shaped 12 of the T-shaped 11 along the arrow A direction, the second T-shaped 12 is the third along the arrow A direction. The sequence of 3 adjacent wide first T-shaped 11 ... winding V-phase coil 14 in turn, finally, as shown in Figure 7, in the first T-shaped 12 along the arrow A direction of the 3rd adjacent wide first A V-phase coil 14 is wound around the 1T shape 11 . Then, insert the winding end portion 14e of the V-phase coil 14 into the two grooves 32 of the terminal insertion portion 34, insert the external terminal into the terminal insertion portion 34, and fix the winding end portion 14e with the external terminal.

After the 12 V-phase coils 14 are wound, as shown in FIG. 8 , insert the winding start end 15s of the magnet wire into the two grooves 32 of the terminal insertion portion 31, and then insert the common terminal into the terminal insertion portion 31, The winding start end 15s is fixed. In this state, the head of the winding machine rotates, and starts to wind the magnet wire on the second adjacent narrow second T-shaped 12 in the direction of the arrow A of the wide first T-shaped 11 that initially wound the U-phase coil 13, and winds W Phase coil 15.

The W-phase coil 15 is the same as the U-phase coil 13 and the V-phase coil 14. When winding, the moving direction of the guide plates 16 and 17 is from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side, and then from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side, every other layer. Convert once, after winding the W-phase coil 15 on the narrow second T-shaped 12, as shown in Figure 10, insert the transition wire 15a from the notch 19a into the recess 18, and then draw it out from the adjacent notch 19a. The W-phase coil 15 is wound around the wide first T-shaped 11 adjacent to the third narrow second T-shaped 12 in the arrow A direction.

After winding the W-phase coil 15 on the wide first T-shaped 11, according to the third adjacent narrow second T-shaped 12 along the arrow A direction of the T-shaped 11, the narrow second T-shaped 12 along the arrow A The third adjacent wide first T-shaped 11 in the direction ... is wound in sequence with the W-phase coil 15, and finally, as shown in Figure 8, the third adjacent in the direction of the reverse arrow A of the initial narrow T-shaped 12 A W-phase coil 15 is wound around the wide first T-shape 11 . Then, insert the winding end portion 15e of the W-phase coil 15 into the two grooves 32 of the terminal insertion portion 35, insert the external terminal into the terminal insertion portion 35, and fix the winding end portion 15e with the external terminal.

After the guide plates 16, 17 have wound the coils 13-15 on the wide first T shape 11, they move sequentially from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side of the coil 13, so that the magnetic wires fall on the outer peripheral side and the inner peripheral side of the coils 13-15 . In this manner, the additional coils 13b to 15b on the outer peripheral side and the additional coils 13c to 15c on the inner peripheral side are formed, and the winding terminal portions of the additional coils 13c to 15c are drawn out to the inner peripheral side.

According to the above embodiment, the circumferential width W1b of the magnetic pole portion 3b of the first T-shaped magnetic pole 3 is different from the circumferential width W2b of the magnetic pole portion 4b of the second T-shaped magnetic pole 4 . Therefore, the position of the opening 5a of the slot 5 is alternately staggered in the direction of the forward arrow A and the direction of the reverse arrow A relative to the center line between the T-shaped magnetic poles 3 and 4 . Since the moment when the rotor magnet 37 faces the opening 5a is reduced, the cogging torque can be significantly reduced.

And because the coils 13-15 of each phase are alternately and continuously wound on the wide first T-shaped magnetic pole 3 and the narrow second T-shaped magnetic pole 4, so regardless of the width of the T-shaped magnetic poles 3 and 4, each transition line 13a- 13b is approximately uniform in length. Therefore, the tension acting on each of the coils 13 to 15 during winding is substantially the same, and each of the coils 13 to 15 is wound uniformly. Accordingly, the amount of variation in elongation of the coils 13 to 15 is reduced, the resistance value of the coils 13 to 15 is stabilized, and the variation in performance of the coils 13 to 15 is reduced.

At the same time, the total length of each phase of the transition wires 13a-15a is relatively uniform, and the tension of each phase is approximately the same during winding. Therefore, the elongation variation of each phase of the magnet wire is also reduced, the resistance value of each phase of the coils 13 to 15 is also stabilized, and the difference in performance of each phase is also reduced.

Also, the wide first T-shaped magnetic poles 3 and the narrow second T-shaped magnetic poles 4 are alternately arranged. Therefore, the number of the first T-shaped magnetic pole 3 and the second T-shaped magnetic pole 4 and the arrangement angle of the first T-shaped magnetic pole 3 and the second T-shaped magnetic pole 4 are constant, so the operation is stable.

In addition, the first T-shaped magnetic pole 3 having a large width dimension W1b of the magnetic pole portion 3b has a large width dimension W1a of the coil winding portion 3a, and the second T-shaped magnetic pole 4 having a small width dimension W2b of the magnetic pole portion 4b has a large coil winding portion 4a. The width dimension W2a is also small. Therefore, the magnetic balance between the width dimension W1b of the magnetic pole portion 3b and the width dimension W1a of the coil winding portion 3a, and the magnetic balance between the width dimension W2b of the magnetic pole portion 4b and the width dimension W2a of the coil winding portion 4a are improved. Even when the magnetic flux of 4b is large, the magnetic saturation of the coil winding parts 3a and 4a can be prevented, so that the cogging torque can be reduced more effectively.

In addition, since the coils 13 to 15 of each phase are wound in the order of the wide first T-shaped magnetic pole 3 and the third adjacent narrow second T-shaped magnetic pole 4 of the T-shaped magnetic pole 3 in the arrow A direction, , the length of each transition line 13a-15a and the total length distance of transition lines 13a-15a of each phase are the shortest and uniform. Therefore, the transition wires 13a-15a are prevented from colliding with each other, and the insulation between the different-phase coils 13-15 is improved.

In addition, the W-phase transition line 15 a is arranged on the axially upper side of the stator core 1 , and the U-phase transition line 13 a and V-phase transition line 14 a are arranged on the axially lower side of the stator core 1 . Therefore, it is better to prevent the transition lines 13a-15a from colliding with each other, and further improve the insulation between the different-phase coils 13-15.

In addition, the winding start end and the winding end portion of each coil 13 of the U phase, the winding start end portion and the winding end portion of each coil 14 of the V phase, and the winding start end portion and the winding end portion of each coil 15 of the W phase are in the slot 5. The side opposite to the opening 5a (the inner yoke 2 side) is drawn out. Therefore, the lead-out position of the transition lines 13a-15a is constant on the inner peripheral side, and the length of each transition line 13a-15a and the total length of the transition lines 13a-15a of each phase are more uniform.

The number of poles of each phase is set to an even number "12", so unlike the case where the number of poles of each phase is set to an odd number, the total length of the transition lines 13a to 15a of each phase is more uniform.

In addition, due to the advantage of the large width of the facing part 11a of the first T-shaped 11, the additional coils 13b-15b and 13c-15c are wound on the first T-shaped 11, so the coils do not bulge in the axial direction. , can effectively use the dead space and increase the number of turns of the coil. In addition, the output can be fine-tuned by adjusting the turns of the additional coils 13b-15b and 13c-15c.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, the coils 13-15 are wound in 4 layers, but it is not limited thereto, and may be wound in 1-3 layers or more than 5 layers. On this issue, if the number of layers is set to an even number, the winding start and winding end of each coil 13-15 can be drawn from the side of the inner yoke 2, so it is beneficial to equalize the lengths of the transition lines 13a-15a.

In the above embodiments, the coils 13 to 15 are directional wound, but not limited thereto, and may also be non-directional wound, for example. In addition, the shape of the coils 13-15 is not limited to being pyramid-shaped (both sides are inclined), for example, one side is also slanted.

In the above embodiment, the total number of poles of the stator core 1 is set to "36", but it is not limited to this, as long as the total number of poles is "2" or more, especially the number of poles of each phase is preferably an even number.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, the U-phase transition line 13a and the V-phase transition line 14a are disposed on the lower side of the stator core 1, and the W-phase transition line 15a is disposed on the upper side of the stator core 1. For example, the U-phase transition line 13 a and the W-phase transition line 15 a are arranged on the upper side of the stator core 1 , and the V-phase transition line 14 a is arranged on the lower side of the stator core 1 . In short, any two phases of the transition lines 13 a to 15 a may be disposed on one axial end side of the stator core 1 , and the other phase may be disposed on the other axial end side of the stator core 1 .

In the above-mentioned embodiment, the additional coils 13b-15b and 13c-15c are wound on the first T-shape 11, but it is not limited thereto, and the additional coils 13b-15b and 13c-15c can be wound as required.

In addition, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the insulating end plates 6 and 7 are installed on the stator core 1, and the coils 13-15 are wound on the insulating end plates 6 and 7, but it is not limited to this, for example, the stator core 1 can be formed by mosaic method, and It is covered with an insulating resin layer, and the coils 13 to 15 are wound on the insulating resin layer. Alternatively, the coils 13 - 15 may be directly wound on the T-shaped magnetic poles 3 and 4 without the insulating end plates 6 and 7 .

Also, in the above-described embodiment, two kinds of T-shaped magnetic poles 3 and 4 having different circumferential width dimensions of the magnetic pole portions 3b and 4b are provided, but it is not limited to this, and 3 different magnetic pole portions may be provided with different circumferential width dimensions. More than one T-shaped magnetic pole. For example, for a 3-phase 9-pole motor with three types of circumferential width dimensions of the magnetic pole portion ("wide, wide, narrow", "wide, narrow, narrow"), the coils of each phase only need to be as follows (1) Or the sequence of (2) can be wound continuously.

T-shaped magnetic pole with wide magnetic pole part→T-shaped magnetic pole with narrow magnetic pole part→T-shaped magnetic pole with wide magnetic pole part...(1)

T-shaped magnetic pole with narrow magnetic pole part→T-shaped magnetic pole with wide magnetic pole part→T-shaped magnetic pole with narrow magnetic pole part...(2)

With such a structure, since the width dimension of the magnetic pole portion in the circumferential direction is different, the cogging torque is greatly reduced. Moreover, no matter what the width of the T-shaped magnetic pole is, the length of the transition line between each T-shaped magnetic pole is approximately uniform, so the tension acting on each coil during winding is approximately the same, and each coil is wound uniformly. Therefore, the amount of variation in elongation of each coil is reduced, the resistance value of each coil is stabilized, and the variation in performance of each coil is reduced. At the same time, the total length of the transition line of each phase is approximately equal, and the tension of each phase during winding is approximately equal, so the performance difference of each phase is reduced.

In addition, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the front end portions of the first T-shaped magnetic pole 3 and the second T-shaped magnetic pole 4 are protrudingly provided with the first magnetic pole portion 3a and the second magnetic pole portion 4a, but it is not limited to this, for example, the first magnetic pole portion may not be used. 3a and the second magnetic pole portion 4a.

Also, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the width dimension W1a of the coil winding portion 3a of the first T-shaped magnetic pole 3 is different from the width dimension W2a of the coil winding portion 4a of the second T-shaped magnetic pole 4, but it is not limited thereto, for example, Both are roughly the same.

In addition, in the above-mentioned embodiments, the present invention is applicable to the stator of the outer rotor type DC brushless motor, but it is not limited thereto. Stator, the stator of the inner rotor type DC brushed motor, the rotor of the outer rotor type DC brushed motor, the rotor of the inner rotor type DC brushed motor.

From the above description, it can be seen that the DC motor of the present invention has the following effects.

According to the motor according to the first aspect, since the circumferential dimension of the T-shaped magnetic pole facing portion is different, the cogging torque is greatly reduced. And because the coils of each phase are in the order of wide T-shaped magnetic pole→narrow T-shaped magnetic pole→wide T-shaped magnetic pole, or in the order of narrow T-shaped magnetic pole→wide T-shaped magnetic pole→narrow T-shaped magnetic pole Winding, so the length of the transition line between the T-shaped magnetic poles is roughly uniform. Therefore, the tension acting on each coil during winding is approximately the same, and each coil is wound uniformly.

According to the motor according to the second aspect, the circumferential width dimension of the coil winding portion corresponds to the circumferential width dimension of the opposing portion. Therefore, the magnetic balance of both is improved, and the magnetic saturation of the T-shaped magnetic pole can be prevented, so that the cogging torque can be reduced more effectively.

According to the motor according to the third aspect, since the circumferential width dimension of the first T-shaped magnetic pole-opposing portion is different from the circumferential width dimension of the second T-shaped magnetic pole-opposing portion, the cogging torque can be significantly reduced. Moreover, since the coils of each phase are alternately wound on the first T-shaped magnetic pole and the second T-shaped magnetic pole, the length of the transition line between the T-shaped magnetic poles is approximately uniform. Therefore, the tension acting on each coil during winding is approximately equal, so each coil is wound uniformly. Also, since the wide first T-shaped magnetic poles and the narrow second T-shaped magnetic poles are alternately arranged, the number of the first T-shaped magnetic poles and the second T-shaped magnetic poles of each phase, the arrangement angle, etc. are constant, so the rotational torque is stable.

According to the motor according to the fourth aspect, in the first T-shaped magnetic pole and the second T-shaped magnetic pole, the circumferential width dimension of the coil winding portion corresponds to the circumferential direction width dimension of the opposing portion. Therefore, the magnetic balance of both is improved, and the magnetic saturation of the T-shaped magnetic pole can be prevented, so that the cogging torque can be reduced more effectively.

With the motor described in the fifth scheme, since the coils of each phase are wound in the order of the wide first T-shaped magnetic pole, and then the third adjacent narrow second T-shaped magnetic pole in the circumferential direction of the first T-shaped magnetic pole, each T The length of the transition line between the magnetic poles is the shortest and uniform. Therefore, the transition lines are prevented from colliding with each other, and the insulation between different phase coils is improved.

According to the motor according to the sixth aspect, the transition line of one phase is arranged on one end surface side in the axial direction of the T-shaped magnetic pole, and the transition lines of the remaining two phases are arranged on the other end surface side in the axial direction. Therefore, the transition wires are prevented from colliding with each other, and the insulation between different phase coils is improved.

According to the motor according to the seventh aspect, the winding start end and the winding end portion of each coil are arranged on the side opposite to the slot opening. Therefore, the lead-out position of the transition line is fixed, and the length of each T-shaped transition line is more uniform.

Claims (7)

1. A direct current motor is characterized in that there are multiple T-shaped magnetic poles with different widths in the circumferential direction of the opposing portion opposite to the opposite magnetic pole portion, and multi-phase coils wound on the above-mentioned T-shaped magnetic poles, and the coils of each phase are pressed by The order of wide T-shaped magnetic pole→narrow T-shaped magnetic pole→wide T-shaped magnetic pole, or continuous winding in the order of narrow T-shaped magnetic pole→wide T-shaped magnetic pole→narrow T-shaped magnetic pole. 2. The DC motor according to claim 1, wherein the opposing portion of the T-shaped magnetic pole protrudes outward from the side in the circumferential direction of the coil winding portion of the T-shaped magnetic pole, and the circumferential width dimension of the coil winding portion of the T-shaped magnetic pole Corresponds to the opposite part. 3. A DC motor characterized in that it has a first T-shaped magnetic pole with a large circumferential width dimension of the opposed portion opposite to the opposed magnetic pole portion, and a small one having a small circumferential width dimension of the opposed portion opposed to the opposed magnetic pole portion. The second T-shaped magnetic pole and the multi-phase coil wound on the first T-shaped magnetic pole and the second T-shaped magnetic pole, the first T-shaped magnetic pole and the second T-shaped magnetic pole are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and the coils of each phase are arranged on the first T-shaped magnetic pole. It is alternately and continuously wound on the 2nd T-shaped magnetic pole. 4. The DC motor according to claim 3, characterized in that the opposing portion of the first T-shaped magnetic pole and the opposing portion of the second T-shaped magnetic pole are separated from the coil winding portion of the first T-shaped magnetic pole and the coil winding portion of the second T-shaped magnetic pole. The circumferential side protrudes outward, and the circumferential width dimensions of the coil winding portion of the first T-shaped magnetic pole and the coil winding portion of the second T-shaped magnetic pole are respectively corresponding to the opposing portions of the first T-shaped magnetic pole and the opposing portion of the second T-shaped magnetic pole. correspond. 5. The DC motor according to claim 3, characterized in that 3-phase coils are wound on the first T-shaped magnetic pole and the second T-shaped magnetic pole, and the coils of each phase follow the first T-shaped magnetic pole, and then the circumferential direction of the first T-shaped magnetic pole The sequence winding of the upper 3rd adjacent 2nd T-shaped magnetic pole. 6. The DC motor according to claim 5, wherein the transition line of one phase is arranged on one end face side of the T-shaped magnetic pole axis, and the transition lines of the other two phases are arranged on the other end face side in the axial direction. 7. The DC motor according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that each coil is oriented and wound on a T-shaped magnetic pole, and the winding start and winding end of each coil are arranged on the opposite side of the T-shaped magnetic pole to the opening of the slot.

Images