CN119913631B - Two-dimensional aromatic polyamide fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Two-dimensional aromatic polyamide fiber and preparation method thereofInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种二维芳香族聚酰胺纤维及制备方法，解决了通过有机合成获得的二维大分子大多是晶态粉末，分散性差，无法制备成高浓度分散液的难题。先通过酰氯的氨解反应合成二维聚酰胺粉末，随后使用特定的溶剂将二维聚酰胺和聚氧化乙烯（PEO）混合制成纺丝液，随后干法纺丝得到二维聚酰胺纤维。实现了有机合成二维大分子纤维的制备，所制备的二维聚酰胺纤维具有高强度，拉伸强度可达2.7 GPa。
This invention discloses a two-dimensional aromatic polyamide fiber and its preparation method, addressing the problem that two-dimensional macromolecules obtained through organic synthesis are mostly crystalline powders with poor dispersibility, making them difficult to prepare into high-concentration dispersions. The two-dimensional polyamide powder is first synthesized through the aminolysis reaction of acyl chloride. The two-dimensional polyamide and polyethylene oxide (PEO) are then mixed in a specific solvent to form a spinning solution, which is then dry-spun to produce the two-dimensional polyamide fiber. This method achieves the production of organically synthesized two-dimensional macromolecular fibers. The resulting two-dimensional polyamide fiber exhibits high strength, with a tensile strength of up to 2.7 GPa.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of polyamide fibers, and particularly relates to a two-dimensional aromatic polyamide fiber and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Two-dimensional macromolecules are of great interest in the field of materials because of their high specific surface area, unique layered nanostructures and excellent properties. For example, graphene, which is a two-dimensional macromolecule formed by arranging single-layer carbon atoms according to hexagonal honeycomb crystal lattices, has the characteristics of high strength, high flexibility, high carrier mobility and high heat conduction, so that the graphene has great application potential in the fields of high-strength structural materials, flexible electronic and thermal management materials and the like. In addition to single-or few-layer two-dimensional macromolecules such as graphene, mxene, molybdenum disulfide and the like, which are peeled off from natural lamellar substances, two-dimensional macromolecules such as two-dimensional COF and MOF, which are obtained by organic synthesis, are also widely used in the fields of separation, catalysis, energy storage and the like due to the characteristic of high specific surface area. However, the two-dimensional macromolecules obtained by organic synthesis are mostly crystalline powders, have poor processability, and are difficult to be used for preparing macroscopic assembly materials such as films and fibers. This is because, in order, the crystalline powder has poor dispersibility, and the extremely strong interlayer force in the ordered crystalline structure causes two-dimensional sheets to be closely stacked to form agglomerates, which are difficult to disperse in a solvent into a single layer or few layers of two-dimensional macromolecules. On the other hand, since the lamellar two-dimensional macromolecules cannot form an entangled structure in a solution like a chain-like one-dimensional macromolecule, the dispersion of the two-dimensional macromolecules lacks viscoelasticity and is no longer suitable for various processing methods which have been widely used for one-dimensional macromolecules such as a dry spinning process. In view of the above, the forming process of organically synthesized two-dimensional macromolecules faces a great challenge, and currently existing materials are mainly films with nanometer-scale thickness obtained by spin coating, while macroscopic assembly materials, especially fibers, are still less prepared.
In the prior art, two types of liquid crystal-behaving COF containing sulfonic acid groups [ DABA-TFP-COF and DASD-TFP-COF dispersions are respectively prepared by reacting 1,3, 5-tricarboxyl phloroglucinol (TFP) with diaminobenzenesulfonic acid (DABA) or 4,4 '-diamino-2, 2' -stilbenedisulfonic acid (DASD) ] and can be processed into fibers on a large scale by a wet spinning method by taking a calcium ion solution as a coagulation bath after being configured into a high-concentration dispersion (up to 25 mg/ml). The two-dimensional COF molecules selected in the method have poor dispersibility, and cannot obtain high-concentration dispersion liquid, so that the method cannot be suitable for processing of a dry spinning process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the difficult problems that most of two-dimensional macromolecules obtained by organic synthesis are crystalline powder, have poor dispersibility and cannot be prepared into high-concentration dispersion liquid, the invention discloses a two-dimensional aromatic polyamide fiber and a preparation method thereof. Two-dimensional polyamide powder is synthesized through ammonolysis reaction of acyl chloride, then two-dimensional polyamide and polyethylene oxide (PEO) are mixed by using a specific solvent to prepare spinning solution, and then two-dimensional polyamide fiber is obtained through dry spinning.
Unlike other organic synthesized two-dimensional macromolecules, the two-dimensional aromatic polyamide powder synthesized by the invention is formed by stacking a plurality of small-size two-dimensional sheets, and the two-dimensional sheets have no large-area ordered crystal structure and are formed by unordered arrangement of a plurality of small crystal areas, so that interaction among the sheets is weaker, and the stacked sheets can be rapidly dispersed (or accelerated by mechanical acting force) in a specific solvent to form a single layer or a plurality of extremely thin lamellar molecules, so that stable high-concentration dispersion liquid with the concentration of up to 45 percent wt percent is obtained. Meanwhile, the invention adds ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene oxide to the dispersion to induce entanglement so as to make the dispersion have stretchability. By combining a dry spinning process, highly oriented fibers are formed directly through natural stretching, the tensile strength of the fibers reaches 2.7 GPa, and the preparation of the organic synthesized two-dimensional macromolecular macroscopic fibers is realized for the first time.
One of the technical schemes of the invention is to provide a preparation method of two-dimensional aromatic polyamide fiber, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding melamine and acyl chloride compound into N-methyl pyrrolidone, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding catalyst, stirring and reacting for 24 hours at 25-40 ℃, wherein the acyl chloride compound is 1,3, 5-benzene tricarbonyl chloride or terephthaloyl chloride.
(2) And (3) adding the reaction product obtained in the step (1) into a washing solution in a volume ratio of 1:8, washing, and centrifuging to obtain powder, wherein the washing solution is water, ethanol or acetone.
(3) The powder was dried at 60 ℃ for 12 h and then transferred to a vacuum oven for further drying at 60 ℃ for 6 h to give a two-dimensional polyamide powder.
The two-dimensional aromatic polyamide powder synthesized by the invention is formed by stacking a plurality of small-size two-dimensional sheets, and the two-dimensional sheets are not internally provided with large-area ordered crystal structures but are formed by unordered arrangement of a plurality of small crystal areas, so that interaction among the sheets is weak, and the stacked sheets can be rapidly dispersed into single-layer or several layers of extremely thin lamellar molecules under the action of mechanical stirring or ultrasonic so as to form stable high-concentration dispersion liquid.
(4) Preparing spinning solution, namely heating and mixing 30-45 wt percent of high-concentration two-dimensional polyamide dispersion liquid and 1-2 wt percent of polyethylene oxide solution at the temperature of 60 ℃ uniformly to obtain the spinning solution, wherein the mass ratio of polyethylene oxide to two-dimensional polyamide in the spinning solution is 1 (50-200), and the solvent of the two-dimensional polyamide dispersion liquid and the polyethylene oxide solution is one or more of N, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide and dimethyl sulfoxide.
The pure two-dimensional polyamide is formed by stacking sheets, so that ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene oxide is introduced, and a entanglement structure of molecular chains is introduced, so that the spinning solution has stretchability.
(5) Dry spinning, namely extruding the spinning solution from a spinning head under the irradiation of an infrared lamp, stretching the spinning solution onto a spinning shaft, and solidifying the spinning solution into the two-dimensional polyamide fiber. In the dry spinning process, the solvent is rapidly volatilized under the action of hot air flow when the dispersion is drawn to be extremely fine, and simultaneously, the two-dimensional polyamide nanoplatelets can be rapidly assembled into solid fibers due to the high concentration of the dispersion. The two-dimensional polyamide nano-sheets are highly oriented and arranged along the axial direction in the stretching process, and the ordered arrangement of the two-dimensional molecules enables the fiber to have excellent mechanical properties.
Further, the concentration of melamine in the mixture of the catalyst and N-methylpyrrolidone in the step 1 is 0.1 mol/L, the concentration of the acyl chloride compound in the mixture is 0.1 mol/L when the acyl chloride compound is 1,3, 5-benzene tricarboxyl chloride, and the concentration of the acyl chloride compound in the mixture is 0.15 mol/L when the acyl chloride compound is p-benzene dicarboxyl chloride.
Further, the catalyst in step1 is pyridine, and its concentration is typically 10 vol%.
Further, when the two-dimensional polyamide solution and the polyethylene oxide solution are mixed in step 4, stirring is performed at a speed of 100-700 rpm at 60 ℃ for 20-30 min.
Further, the caliber of the spinning head in the step 5 is 200-500 mu m.
The second technical scheme of the invention is to provide the two-dimensional aromatic polyamide fiber prepared by the method.
The diameter of the prepared two-dimensional aromatic polyamide fiber is 2-20 mu m, and the tensile strength of the fiber can reach 2.7 GPa.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the two-dimensional aromatic polyamide powder synthesized by the invention can form stable high-concentration dispersion liquid in a specific solvent, and solves the problem of organic synthesis of two-dimensional molecular dispersibility.
2. The invention adds a small amount of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene oxide into the dispersion liquid to ensure that the solution obtains stretchability, and solves the problem that the two-dimensional molecular lamellar structure is not entangled and therefore the dispersion liquid does not have viscoelasticity.
3. On the basis, the preparation method further combines the dry spinning technology to prepare the organic synthesized two-dimensional macromolecular fiber for the first time, fills the blank in the field, and opens up a path for assembling macroscopic materials by using two-dimensional macromolecules. The prepared fiber has the basic characteristics of high strength and high modulus.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing two-dimensional polyamide powders obtained in example 1 and example 2.
FIG. 2 shows the different concentration dispersions of example 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the dry spinning process of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a two-dimensional polyamide (MA-2 DPA-1) fiber embodiment of example 1.
FIG. 5 is a polarized-light fiber photograph of the fiber of example 1, with a scale of 50 μm.
FIG. 6 is an SEM photograph of the fiber of example 1, with a scale of 5 μm.
Fig. 7 shows the mechanical properties of the two-dimensional polyamide fibers of example 1 and example 2.
Detailed Description
The following examples serve to further illustrate the invention and are intended to illustrate it and should not be construed as limiting its scope. Weight parts and weight percentages are used hereinafter unless otherwise indicated.
The raw materials used in the invention are conventional commercial products unless otherwise specified, and the methods used in the invention are conventional methods in the art unless otherwise specified.
As the conventional selection of dispersing and removing impurities, when the two-dimensional polyamide solution is prepared, the two-dimensional polyamide powder is dissolved in a solvent, stirred or ultrasonically dissolved to prepare a two-dimensional polyamide concentrated solution, and then the dissolved clear solution is filtered by a filter screen to remove impurities, so that the high-concentration two-dimensional polyamide solution is obtained.
The following examples are provided to further illustrate embodiments of the invention.
It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, but not all, embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In the following examples, the mechanical properties of two-dimensional polyamide fibers were tested with a Keysight nanometer stretcher with high accuracy, which can accurately test the mechanical properties of nanoscale fibers, the stretching rate was 2 mm/min, and the sample gauge length was 5 mm. Firstly cutting a paper frame of 5 multiplied by 5mm, then fixing the fiber on the paper frame by using epoxy resin, after the epoxy resin is solidified, fixing the paper frame on a Keysight nanometer stretcher fixture, carefully cutting two sides of the paper frame by using scissors, and starting software to perform mechanical test. The cross-sectional area of the fiber is obtained by photographing the appearance of the fracture of the fiber through a scanning electron microscope, and calculating the cross-sectional area of the fiber by using software.
Example 1
(1) 1.26 G melamine and 2.65 g of 1,3, 5-benzoyl chloride are added into 90ml of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), stirred and mixed uniformly, 10ml pyridine is added as a catalyst, 200 and rpm are stirred and reacted for 24h at 25 ℃,800 ml ethanol, water and acetone are respectively added for three times, each time of washing is carried out, the obtained solid is centrifuged at room temperature by 12000 rpm for 2 min, the obtained solid is firstly dried in a common oven at 60 ℃ for 12 h, then transferred to a vacuum oven for continuous drying at 60 ℃ for 6h, and two-dimensional polyamide (MA-2 DPA-1) powder is obtained with the yield of 2.91 and g being 74.4 percent.
(2) 0.4 G two-dimensional polyamide (MA-2 DPA-1) powder was weighed into 0.6 g of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent to give 40. 40 wt% two-dimensional polyamide (MA-2 DPA-1) dispersion.
(3) 0.2 G polyethylene oxide was weighed and 9.8 g of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) was added under magnetic stirring at 80℃and 300: 300rpm to prepare a 2. 2 wt.% polyethylene oxide solution in N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF).
(4) Preparing a composite spinning solution, filtering the two-dimensional polyamide (MA-2 DPA-1) dispersion liquid in the step 2 by using a 1500-mesh filter screen to obtain a clarified two-dimensional polyamide (MA-2 DPA-1) solution, stirring and mixing the clarified two-dimensional polyamide (MA-2 DPA-1) solution and the polyethylene oxide solution obtained in the step 3 for 20min at a 60 ℃ stirring speed of 700 rpm to obtain the spinning solution, wherein the mass ratio of polyethylene oxide (PEO) to the two-dimensional polyamide (MA-2 DPA-1) in the spinning solution is 1:50.
(5) And (3) extruding the spinning solution prepared in the step (4) through a spinning head with the caliber of 500 mu m by using dry spinning, stretching the spinning solution onto a spinning collecting shaft, volatilizing a high-concentration spinning solution solvent under the irradiation of an infrared lamp, and solidifying the spinning solution into fibers.
(6) Drying in a vacuum oven at 60deg.C to completely remove the solvent, to obtain high strength two-dimensional polyamide (MA-2 DPA-1) fiber with fiber diameter of 20 μm, and tensile strength of 2.7 GPa.
Example 2
(1) 1.26G of melamine and 3.04g of terephthaloyl chloride are added into 90ml of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), stirred and mixed uniformly, 10ml of pyridine is added as a catalyst, stirring is carried out at 200rpm for 16 hours at 40 ℃, 800ml of ethanol, water and acetone are respectively added for three times, after each washing, centrifugation is carried out at 12000rpm for 2 minutes at room temperature, the obtained solid is dried for 12 hours at 60 ℃ in a common oven, and then transferred into a vacuum oven for continuous drying at 60 ℃ for 6 hours, so that 2.17g of two-dimensional polyamide (MA-2 DPA-2) powder is obtained, and the yield is 50.5%.
(2) 0.45G of two-dimensional polyamide (MA-2 DPA-2) powder was weighed into 0.55g of N, N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) solvent, to give 45wt.% of two-dimensional polyamide (MA-2 DPA-2) solution.
(3) 0.1G of polyethylene oxide was weighed and 9.9g of N, N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) was added under magnetic stirring at 60℃and 300rpm to prepare a 1wt% polyethylene oxide solution in N, N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC).
(4) Preparing a composite spinning solution, filtering the two-dimensional polyamide (MA-2 DPA-2) solution obtained in the step 2 to obtain a clarified two-dimensional polyamide (MA-2 DPA-2) solution, heating and mixing the clarified two-dimensional polyamide (MA-2 DPA-2) solution and the polyethylene oxide solution obtained in the step 3 at a speed of 100 rpm ℃ for 30min under stirring to obtain the spinning solution, wherein the mass ratio of polyethylene oxide (PEO) to the two-dimensional polyamide (MA-2 DPA-2) in the spinning solution is 1:100.
(5) And (3) extruding the spinning solution prepared in the step (4) through a spinning head of 200 mu m by using dry spinning, stretching the spinning solution onto a spinning collecting shaft, volatilizing a high-concentration spinning solution solvent under the irradiation of an infrared lamp, and solidifying the spinning solution into fibers.
(6) And (3) placing the two-dimensional polyamide (MA-2 DPA-2) fiber obtained in the step (5) in a 60 ℃ oven for drying to obtain the high-strength two-dimensional polyamide (MA-2 DPA-2) fiber, wherein the diameter of the fiber is 2 mu m, and the tensile strength is 2.2GPa. The yield of MA-2DPA-2 powder is slightly lower than that of MA-2DPA-1 powder, and the tensile strength of the fiber is lower than that of MA-2DPA-1 fiber.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is that a dimethyl sulfoxide dispersion of 30 wt% by mass of a two-dimensional polyamide and a dimethyl sulfoxide solution of 2 wt% by mass of polyethylene oxide were used, and the mass ratio of polyethylene oxide to two-dimensional polyamide was 1:200. The resulting fiber had a tensile strength of 2.4 GPa.
Comparative example 1
The process for preparing MA-2DPA-1 is identical compared to example 1, except that the solvents used are changed. 0.4 g two-dimensional polyamide (MA-2 DPA-1) powder was weighed into 0.6 g ethanol solvent to give 40 wt% two-dimensional polyamide (MA-2 DPA-1) dispersion. The dispersion was in an orange-yellow opaque state with small particles suspended and not completely dissolved. Therefore, a uniform dispersion cannot be obtained, and a filament cannot be produced.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the MA-2DPA-1 dispersion was directly extruded from a spinneret by dry spinning without adding a polyethylene oxide solution, and the liquid viscosity was low, and the yarn could not be produced without stretching.
Comparative example 3
The difference compared with example 1 is that the reaction temperature of melamine and 1,3, 5-benzoyl chloride was raised to 60 ℃, the obtained powder was in a large particle form, and was difficult to disperse in N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), a uniform dispersion was not obtained, and filaments were not produced.
Comparative example 4
The only difference compared to example 1 is the conversion of melamine to tris (4-aminophenyl) amine. When tris (4-aminophenyl) amine and 1,3, 5-benzoyl chloride are mixed, the product rapidly assumes a gel-like form, and the reaction speed is high and severe. The treated sample was not dispersed in N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), and a uniform dispersion was not obtained, and filaments were not produced.
The foregoing embodiments have been presented for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and are merely exemplary of the invention, and are not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed.
Claims (7)
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| CN113073397A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-07-06 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Aromatic fiber spinning solution, aromatic fiber and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113073397A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-07-06 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Aromatic fiber spinning solution, aromatic fiber and preparation method thereof |
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