Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a multi-element plastic bar forming system by gas-assisted coextrusion, which can effectively solve the problem that a gas channel is easy to block in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The invention provides a multi-element plastic bar forming system by gas-assisted coextrusion, which comprises an extruder main body;
the feeding port is positioned at one end of the extruder main body and used for conveying the multi-element plastic raw materials;
the discharge port is positioned at the other end of the extruder main body and is used for outputting raw materials in a molten state;
The gas auxiliary part is positioned at a position, close to the discharge hole, of the extruder main body and comprises a fixed plate which is uniformly embedded in the inner wall of the extruder main body, a composite pipeline for spraying gas is arranged on the inner wall of the fixed plate, the composite pipeline comprises an L pipe, a middle pipe and a nozzle which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the gas flows along the inner walls of the L pipe, the middle pipe and the nozzle, the flowing direction is changed, the flowing is accelerated in the flowing process, and then the difficulty of melt backflow is increased;
Wherein the composite pipeline (55) further comprises a rotary ball (556) arranged inside the nozzle (553), and the relative movement between the rotary ball (556) and the nozzle (553) cleans the inner wall of the nozzle (553);
the top end of the nozzle (553) is fixedly connected with a first positioning ring (5531), the top end of the first positioning ring (5531) is fixedly connected with a fixing frame (555), and the top end of the fixing frame (555) is rotationally connected with the bottom end of the middle pipe (552);
The middle part of the top end of the fixing frame (555) is fixedly connected with a fixing shaft (5541), the outer wall of the fixing shaft (5541) is fixedly connected with a blade (554), and the blade (554) is positioned at the center of the inner cavity of the middle tube (552).
Further, the fixed plate takes the geometric center of the extruder main body as a datum point, is uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, is arranged around the center of the extruder main body in a central symmetry mode, and is encircling the inner wall of the extruder main body in an omnibearing symmetry mode, the outer wall of the fixed plate is connected with two fixed rings in a clamping mode, and the two fixed rings are respectively located at two ends of the fixed plate.
Further, the gas auxiliary part further comprises a gas inlet positioned on the outer surface of the fixing ring, the bottom end of the gas inlet is connected with a port of the composite pipeline, and the bottom end of the composite pipeline is flush with the bottom end of the fixing plate.
Further, L pipe top and air inlet bottom fixed connection, spout bottom flushes with the fixed plate bottom, spout bottom outer wall fixedly connected with holding ring two, circular slot sliding seal that holding ring two and fixed plate bottom were seted up.
Further, the outer wall of the rotary ball is provided with a lug, the lug adopts a hemispherical design, and the lug is placed in a spiral line form on the outer surface of the rotary ball.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention adopts the design that the L pipe, the middle pipe and the nozzle are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, when the internal pressure changes, the bending structure of the composite pipe plays a role in buffering, and when gas flows through the bending part, the flowing direction of the gas changes many times, so that gas molecules collide with the pipe wall and each other more frequently, thereby dissipating part of gas kinetic energy, the bending part further prevents the melt from flowing back, when the melt tries to flow back, the bending part forces the melt to change the direction, the flowing resistance of the melt is increased, and the complex flowing path formed by bending also enables the gas to exert reactive force on the melt, thereby further preventing the backward flow of the gas.
The nozzle adopts a design with a gradually-reduced diameter, the part with the reduced diameter can improve the gas flow rate under the condition that the gas volume flow is kept constant, the pressure can be reduced due to the increase of the flow rate, the pressure in the extruder is regulated, the stability of the extrusion process is enhanced, meanwhile, in the aspect of preventing the backflow of a melt, the design with the reduced diameter forms high-speed air flow at the air vent, and the high-speed air flow is used as a gas barrier to effectively resist the backflow of the melt.
The nozzle is arranged in parallel with the inner wall of the main body of the extruder, a dynamic airflow field is formed around the nozzle when the nozzle rotates, a barrier is formed between the nozzle and the melt by the airflow field, the melt is prevented from directly entering, the melt close to the nozzle is thrown away from the nozzle by centrifugal force generated by rotation, and the possibility that the melt enters the nozzle is further reduced.
The self-cleaning device is provided with the rotating ball, the rotating ball moves relatively with the nozzle when the nozzle rotates, the bulges and the grains on the surface of the rotating ball continuously scrape the inner wall of the nozzle, so that melt residues are effectively removed, the self-cleaning process is continuously carried out in the whole running process of the main body of the extruder, the nozzle blockage caused by melt accumulation is avoided, the equipment maintenance frequency is greatly reduced, and the production continuity and efficiency are improved;
When the pressure in the extruder fluctuates, the spout and the rotating ball have certain buffering and pressure stabilizing effects, when the pressure rises, the gas can be discharged more smoothly through the rotating motion of the spout and the rotating ball, the abrupt rising of the pressure is relieved, when the pressure is reduced, the gas can be prevented from leaking too quickly through the motion of the spout and the rotating ball, a certain pressure level is maintained, the relative stability of the air pressure in the main body of the extruder is maintained, and the stable extrusion process is ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is evident that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person of ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a gas auxiliary part according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a split schematic view of a fixing plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a composite pipeline structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a split schematic view of a composite pipeline structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the inner structure of a middle tube according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view illustrating an internal structure of a nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the figure respectively represent 1, an extruder main body, 2, a feed inlet, 3, a discharge outlet, 5, a gas auxiliary part, 51, a fixed ring, 52, a fixed plate, 521, a round groove, 53, an air inlet, 55, a composite pipeline, 551, an L pipe, 552, a middle pipe, 553, a nozzle, 5531, a first positioning ring, 5532, a second positioning ring, 554, blades, 5541, a fixed shaft, 555, a fixed frame, 556, a rotating ball, 5561 and a bump.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention is further described below with reference to examples.
Examples:
referring to fig. 1-7, the present invention provides a technical scheme of a gas-assisted co-extrusion multi-component plastic bar forming system, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the device includes an extruder main body 1, a feed inlet 2, a discharge outlet 3 and a gas-assisted portion 5, wherein the feed inlet 2 is located at one end of the extruder main body 1 and is used for conveying multi-component plastic raw materials, the discharge outlet 3 is located at the other end of the extruder main body 1 and is used for outputting raw materials in a molten state, the gas-assisted portion 5 is located at a position of the extruder main body 1 close to the discharge outlet 3, so as to ensure that gas can be timely and accurately introduced in the process of leaving the discharge outlet 3 and entering a die cavity, meanwhile, the gas-assisted portion 5 includes a fixing plate 52 uniformly embedded in the inner wall of the extruder main body 1, composite pipelines 55 for ejecting gas are uniformly distributed in the inner wall of the fixing plate 52 in a circumferential direction with the geometric center of the extruder main body 1 as a reference point, the multi-component plastic raw materials are arranged in a central symmetry shape around the center of the extruder main body 1, the outer wall of the fixing plate 52 is in a snap-fit connection, the fixing rings 51 are arranged at two ends of the fixing plate 52, respectively located at two ends of the fixing plate 52, and the gas flow and pressure are distributed around the melt stably.
In addition, because the structure is simple, the flow form of the gas in the composite pipeline 55 is single, laminar flow is easy to form, the gas and the melt are not fully mixed, so that the gas auxiliary effect is not good, uniform pressurization and accurate control are difficult to realize, when the complex pressure fluctuation in the extruder is faced, the buffer and adjustment capability for the pressure change is lacking, the stable gas flow rate and the pressure are not effectively maintained, and the melt backflow risk is further increased, in view of the fact, the composite pipeline 55 of the invention adopts the design of sequentially arranging the L pipe 551, the middle pipe 552 and the nozzle from top to bottom, the defects of uneven wall thickness and the like of the product are not realized, the product quality is seriously reduced, the flow form of the gas in the composite pipeline 55 is single, the laminar flow is easy to form, the gas and the melt is not beneficial to fully mix, the buffer and adjustment capability for the pressure change is not easy to realize, the buffer and adjustment capability for the pressure change is not effective, the melt backflow risk is further increased, the composite pipeline 55 of the invention adopts the design of the L pipe 551 and the nozzle from top to bottom, when the pressure in the extruder is in the inner part of the composite pipeline 1, the bending part of the melt is more frequently bent, the bending part of the gas flows is more frequently and the bending part is more influenced, the bending part is more difficult to change the flow direction of the flow of the gas is more than the bending part when the bending part is forced to flow, and the bending part is more difficult to flow and the bending part is more stressed, the bending part is more than bending and the bending part is more difficult to flow and the bending part is caused, further preventing it from flowing backwards.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5 and fig. 6, the gas-assisted part 5 further includes an air inlet 53 located on the outer surface of the fixed ring 51, the bottom end of the air inlet 53 is connected with a port of the composite pipeline 55, the bottom end of the composite pipeline 55 is flush with the bottom end of the fixed plate 52, the top end of the L-shaped pipe 551 is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the air inlet 53, the bottom end of the spout 553 is flush with the bottom end of the fixed plate 52, the outer wall of the bottom end of the spout 553 is fixedly connected with a positioning ring two 5532, the positioning ring two 5532 is in sliding sealing with a circular groove 521 formed in the bottom end of the fixed plate 52, the top end of the spout 553 is fixedly connected with a positioning ring one 5531, the top end of the positioning ring one 553 is fixedly connected with a fixing frame 555, the top end of the fixing frame 555 is rotationally connected with the bottom end of the middle pipe 552, the outer wall of the fixing frame 5541 is fixedly connected with a blade 554, and the blade 554 is located at the center position of the cavity inside the middle pipe 552.
The bottom end of the nozzle 553 is flush with the bottom end of the fixed plate 52, gas discharged from the nozzle 553 can be combined with the melt more smoothly, the normal flow path of the melt is not disturbed due to the protrusion of the nozzle 553, the smooth flow of the melt in the extruder main body 1 is facilitated, the turbulence and fluctuation of the melt caused by the impact of air flow are reduced, the forming of products with higher requirements on surface quality and dimensional precision is facilitated, the formation of a melt retention area around the nozzle 553 can be avoided by the flush design, the risk that the melt is accumulated and solidified near the nozzle 553 and influences the gas discharge and the subsequent extrusion process is reduced, the stability and the continuity of the gas-assisted extrusion process are facilitated to be maintained, the nozzle 553 flush with the inner wall is more convenient when the extruder main body 1 is cleaned and maintained, dead corners which are difficult to access due to the protrusion of the nozzle 553 are avoided, the residual melt and the accumulation of dirt are effectively reduced, and the maintenance cost and the difficulty are reduced.
The air inlet 53 is filled with air, the air flows in the composite pipeline 55, the blades 554 arranged in the middle pipe 552 rotate under the impact of air flow, a direct power source is provided for the rotating nozzle 553, the interaction area and angle of the blades 554 and the air flow are reasonably designed, enough torque can be ensured to be generated under certain air flow speed and pressure, at the moment, the blades 554 drive the fixed shaft 5541 to rotate, the fixed shaft 5541 drives the fixed frame 555 to rotate, the fixed frame 555 drives the nozzle 553 to rotate stably, the nozzle 553 rotates according to the set speed and direction, and the operation stability of the air-assisted system is ensured.
The nozzle 553 rotates to enable gas to be sprayed into the melt in different angles and directions, the problem of uneven gas distribution caused by single-direction spraying is avoided, the wall thickness deviation is reduced, the nozzle 553 drives the gas to be mixed with the melt more fully, the gas can penetrate into the melt more deeply, stress concentration in the melt is effectively reduced when complex plastic products are produced, the possibility of defects such as cracks and deformation of the products are reduced, the mechanical property and stability of the products are improved, the surface of the nozzle 553 and the melt possibly attached to the surface of the nozzle 553 perform relative movement in the rotating process, the melt residue on the air inlet 53 can be scraped, the nozzle 553 is prevented from being accumulated by the melt, meanwhile, the surrounding melt can be thrown away by centrifugal force generated by rotation, the nozzle 553 area is kept clean, the normal operation of the gas auxiliary structure is ensured, and the production interruption caused by the blockage of the nozzle 553 is reduced.
The blades 554 in the middle tube 552 rotate under the impact of air flow, the nozzles 553 are driven to rotate by the fixed shaft 5541 and the fixed frame 555, no additional external power source is needed, the equipment structure is simplified, the energy consumption is reduced, the rotation of the blades 554 plays a role in stirring the air in the middle tube 552, the air is fully mixed before reaching the nozzles 553, the dispersion uniformity of the air in a melt is further improved, different gases and the melt can be better fused in the process of air-assisted coextrusion of different materials of plastics, the integral quality of products is improved, the rotation of the blades 554 changes the speed and the direction of the air flow to play a certain role in buffering the air flow, when the internal pressure of the extruder fluctuates, the blades 554 can adjust the flow and the pressure of the air flow through the rotation change of the blades, so that the air entering the nozzles 553 is more stable, the adaptability of the air-assisted system to the pressure change is enhanced, and the reflux risk of the melt caused by the pressure fluctuation is reduced.
Referring to fig. 4, 5 and 7, the outer wall of the rotary ball 556 is provided with a protruding block 5561, the protruding block 5561 is in a hemispherical design, the protruding block 5561 is placed on the outer surface of the rotary ball 556 in a spiral line form, when gas passes through the nozzle 553, the gas flow can push the rotary ball 556 to rotate freely, the nozzle 553 and the rotary ball 556 move relatively, and the protruding block 5561 on the surface of the rotary ball 556 can contact with the inner wall of the nozzle 553 in the rotating process to scrape melt residues.
The stirring of the rotating ball 556 breaks the laminar flow state of the air flow, promotes the mixing and diffusion of the air, enables the air to act on the melt more uniformly, enables the turbulent air flow to increase the friction between the air and the melt, improves the pushing effect of the air on the melt, and causes local vortex and turbulence around the surface of the rotating ball 556 due to the special shape of the surface of the rotating ball 556 in the relative movement process. The swirl and turbulence interact with the main flow air flow to further enhance the mixing degree of the air flow and ensure that the air is more uniformly distributed in the nozzle 553, the rotary ball 556 drives the convex blocks 5561 on the surface to continuously scrape the inner wall of the nozzle 553 when rotating, the point contact mode ensures that the rotary ball can cover all positions of the inner wall of the nozzle 553 in the rotating process, the top and the edge of the convex blocks 5561 continuously scrape the inner wall of the nozzle 553, the melt residues attached on the rotary ball are gradually cleaned, the accumulation of the melt on the inner wall of the nozzle 553 is reduced, the shearing force and the impact force generated by the relative movement of the rotary ball 556 can break and disperse the formed larger melt mass, the broken small melt particles are more easily taken away by the air flow, the blockage of the melt mass is avoided, the nozzle 553 is uninterruptedly carried out in the whole operation process of the extruder, the blockage of the nozzle 553 caused by the melt accumulation is avoided, the equipment maintenance frequency is greatly reduced, the production continuity and efficiency are improved, compared with the continuous plane contact design, the service life of the rotary ball 556 and the nozzle 553 can be effectively prolonged, and the equipment maintenance cost is reduced.
The gap formed between the rotary ball 556 and the inner wall of the spout 553 provides a clear passage for the gas, ensures that the gas can continuously and stably pass through the spout 553, can prevent the gas passage from being completely blocked even under the condition that a certain melt remains in the spout 553, maintains the normal operation of a gas auxiliary system, ensures that the gas can be more fully contacted and mixed with the melt due to complex airflow forms and even gas distribution, improves the permeation effect of the gas in the melt, enhances the gas auxiliary effect, improves the utilization rate of the gas, reduces the gas consumption, ensures that the melt can smoothly enter a die cavity due to even gas distribution and good melt fluidity, reduces the resistance and the non-uniformity in the melt flowing process, thereby improving the forming quality of products, and avoids the accumulation and solidification of the melt residues due to the fact that the spout 553 is blocked, and improves the production efficiency and the stability of the product quality. The operator does not need to frequently stop to clean and maintain the nozzle 553, so that the labor intensity is reduced, and the production continuity is improved.
The relative movement of the nozzle 553 and the rotary ball 556 greatly enhances the stirring effect of the air flow, enables the air flow to be more uniformly distributed around the nozzle 553, improves the permeation and mixing effect of the air in the air-assisted system on the melt, is beneficial to improving the microstructure in the product and reducing defects, can realize more comprehensive cleaning of the inside of the nozzle 553, reduces the risk of blockage of the nozzle 553, prolongs the service life of the air-assisted system, ensures the continuity and stability of the extrusion process, and can play a role in buffering and stabilizing the pressure when the pressure in the extruder main body 1 fluctuates, when the pressure rises, the rotary movement of the nozzle 553 and the rotary ball 556 can enable the air to be more smoothly discharged, relieve the abrupt rise of the pressure, and when the pressure drops, the movement of the nozzle 553 and the rotary ball 556 can prevent the air from leaking too quickly, maintain a certain pressure level, is beneficial to keep the relative stability of the air pressure in the extruder main body 1 and ensure the stable extrusion process.
The blades 554 indirectly provide a rotating external environment for the rotating ball 556 by driving the nozzles 553 to rotate, the rotation of the nozzles 553 can change the flowing state of air flow in the nozzles 553, so that the air flow impacts the rotating ball 556 at different angles and speeds, the rotating speed and direction of the rotating ball 556 are affected, a synergistic effect is realized between the blades 554 and the rotating ball 556 through the nozzles 553, the air flow is jointly optimized, the air flow in an air-assisted system is more reasonable and efficient, during extrusion, when parameters such as air flow pressure, air flow and the like are changed, the blades 554 and the rotating ball 556 can be adaptively adjusted through interaction between the blades 554 and the air flow, the rotating ball 556 can adjust the rotating speed according to the change of the air flow, the rotation of the nozzles is affected, the rotating ball 556 can adjust the rotating state of the blades according to the change of the air flow state, and the self-adaptive adjusting capability is favorable for maintaining good performance of the air-assisted system under different working conditions, and the adaptability and stability of the system to process parameter change are improved.
The cooperation of the three components increases the interface area between the gas and the melt, the gas can be more fully contacted with the melt and permeate into the melt, the dissolution and diffusion processes of the gas in the melt are improved, the gas auxiliary effect is improved, bubbles in the product are finer and more uniform, the phenomenon of bubble combination and rupture is reduced, the appearance quality and the internal structural stability of the product are improved, the rotating state of the nozzle 553, the blades 554 and the rotating ball 556 can be automatically adjusted according to the change of the air flow pressure, when the air pressure is increased, the rotating speed of the nozzle 553 and the blades 554 can be increased, the rotating speed of the rotating ball 556 can be correspondingly changed, the gas discharge is smoother, and thus the change of the pressure is adapted, otherwise, when the air pressure is reduced, the rotating speed of the air is slowed down, the discharge amount of the gas is reduced, the stability of the air pressure is maintained, and the self-adaptive adjusting capability can effectively cope with various fluctuation conditions of the air pressure in the extruder.
The gas is uniformly dispersed and directionally guided under the cooperation of the three components, so that the viscosity of the melt can be effectively reduced, the fluidity of the melt is improved, the intermolecular acting force in the melt is reduced by fully mixing the gas and the melt, the melt flows in the extruder main body 1 more easily, the extrusion pressure is reduced, the extrusion efficiency is improved, the melt is better filled in a die, and the forming defects such as material shortage, short shot and the like are reduced.
The bump 5561 is made of a material having a certain elasticity, such as rubber, elastic plastic, etc. When the rotary ball 556 rotates under the action of the air flow, the bump 5561 contacts with the inner wall of the nozzle 553, and the contact portion is deformed to some extent due to the elasticity of the material, so that the air can pass through the micro gap generated by the deformation. Meanwhile, the deformation of the elastic material can also ensure good fitting degree between the protruding block 5561 and the inner wall of the nozzle 553, and ensure scraping and cleaning effects.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing embodiments may be modified or equivalents may be substituted for some of the features thereof, and that the modification or substitution does not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments.