CN119878101B - Method for producing hydrogen by using in-situ low-pressure high-temperature coal - Google Patents
Method for producing hydrogen by using in-situ low-pressure high-temperature coal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing hydrogen by in-situ low-pressure high-temperature coal, which belongs to the technical field of coal gasification exploitation, and comprises the steps of injecting low-pressure superheated steam and oxygen into a coal seam, utilizing oxidation reaction of the oxygen and coal to release heat, further heating the coal seam to 800-1000 ℃ and reacting with the steam to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and adopting a distributed temperature-pressure monitoring and well pattern technology by combining the cooperative injection of the superheated steam and the oxygen.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal gasification exploitation, and relates to a method for producing hydrogen from in-situ low-pressure high-temperature coal.
Background
Along with gradual exhaustion of the shallow coal resources easy to be mined in China, mining of shallow low-value coal beds difficult to be mined and deep coal resources gradually becomes a main direction of coal mining. However, the exploitation of shallow low-value difficult coal seam and deep coal resources faces a series of technical problems, such as high exploitation cost of shallow low-value difficult coal seam, high stress of deep coal seam, high ground temperature and the like, so that the exploitation difficulty is greatly improved, and the safety risk is correspondingly increased. Therefore, the technical scheme for efficiently developing shallow low-value coal beds and deep coal resources and realizing environment-friendly and resource maximum utilization is particularly urgent.
Traditional coal mining technologies rely mainly on mechanized means and are often accompanied by higher environmental pollution and energy waste. In recent years, in-situ mining technology has become an important technical innovation, and mineral extraction and resource conversion are directly carried out underground by changing the physical and chemical states in coal layers. The method not only can improve the resource utilization rate, but also can reduce ground disturbance and environmental pollution.
Patent CN118757133B discloses a hydrogen production method by co-injection of supercritical water and oxygen in situ of coal. The method requires in-situ hydrogen production to be progressed in a supercritical water environment, so that the requirement on equipment is extremely high, and additional technical support and investment are required for a supercritical water injection system, a fracturing system, high-temperature high-pressure injection equipment and the like. When supercritical water and high-pressure oxygen are used for injection, potential safety hazards can be triggered, particularly severe reaction can occur between oxygen and hydrogen in the in-situ reaction process of a coal seam, and safety risks are increased. In addition, although the patent regulates the temperature of the coal seam through temperature monitoring and reaction control, the heat generated during the reaction process is not fully utilized to preheat other coal seams or to enhance the energy efficiency of the system. The method also requires the coal bed to have higher burial depth and pressure, so the application range of the method is limited to a certain extent, and the applicability of the technology is single. Although electromagnetic flow devices and filling systems are proposed in the patent for monitoring and controlling the filling process of goaf, this process relies on high precision electromagnetic induction technology and high pressure grouting technology, which is complex to operate and costly.
Patent CN117211741a discloses a method for in-situ hydrogen production and enhanced recovery of deep and medium water-immersed gas reservoirs. The process involves a number of complex technical steps such as well pattern encryption, volume fracturing and the use of water gas shift catalysts. In particular, the method requires injecting oxygen-enriched gas into the encryption well and igniting the gas reservoir using an igniter or a chemical igniter, which requires complicated equipment configuration and precise regulation, increasing implementation difficulty and equipment investment. Meanwhile, the oxygen-enriched gas and the igniter are used for igniting the gas reservoir to form a high-temperature and high-pressure environment underground, and the mixture of the high-temperature gas and the oxygen has potential explosion risks, so that the reaction is out of control, and particularly in the in-situ reaction of a coal seam, the severe reaction of the oxygen and the hydrogen can cause potential safety hazards. Although this patent mentions the generation of reaction heat by gas ignition, it does not describe in detail how this heat can be used to preheat other coal seams or to increase energy efficiency.
Patent CN112878978a discloses a supercritical water fracturing synergistic hydrogen production method for underground coal gasification. The patent adopts a deep coal seam with a burial depth exceeding 1500 meters as a transformation object, so that the applicability of the method is limited, and the development of shallow or low-rank coal seams is difficult. In this patent, oxygen-enriched gas and ignition equipment are used to ignite the coal bed to initiate the gasification reaction, resulting in a high temperature, high pressure environment, with some risk of explosion, particularly in deep coal beds, with a greater risk of reaction runaway.
Patent CN114876438B discloses a coal mining method for in-situ hydrogen production by filling coal, in which the key idea of the process is to adopt supercritical water (critical temperature 374.3 ℃ and critical pressure 22.05 MPa) for hydrogen production, but in the claims, the threshold temperature for coal seam oxidization is emphasized that the temperature is not lower than 374 ℃, and the pressure of water and gas in the reaction area is not lower than 22.1MPa, so the technology belongs to the technical category of supercritical water in-situ coal hydrogen production. In the technology, the shaft arrangement of the exploitation unit adopts a mode of three parallel U-shaped wells, the coal seam preheating and goaf monitoring in the exploitation process are not subjected to refined design, the possibility of temperature control lag and unstable reaction exists although the reaction process is simple, the heat energy recovery of the goaf height Wen Weiyan is not realized, and the overall energy efficiency is low.
Patent CN113982555A discloses an underground in-situ pyrolysis system and method for coal, which uses microwaves to preheat the coal seam, although microwave heating can provide accurate temperature control, the control of heating depth and area is relatively limited, and especially in large-scale exploitation processes, the penetration and heating uniformity of microwaves are not as wide and stable as the flow control of water vapor and oxygen. And after the coal bed is preheated to more than 700 ℃, releasing heat through the gas combustion cavity, and treating the product by using a three-phase separation device. The gas products are mixed with saturated air and then burnt in the gasification cavity, and more gas products directly participate in the combustion in the process, so that the waste of energy sources is caused. In addition, the well arrangement mode of the patent is extremely complex, and is not beneficial to large-scale industrialized application. Meanwhile, the patent does not describe the management of goafs and the monitoring and management of rock formation stability, which is particularly important for underground coal mining.
Patent CN114876437a discloses a coal seam in-situ hydrogen production method using supercritical water, the reaction process in the patent relies on complex interactions of supercritical water, oxygen and salt rock powder, and the permeability is regulated by plugging coal seam pores with salt rock powder, and finally hydrogen is generated. The selection, injection and change of the reaction zone of the coal seam (such as the formation of the reacted zone, the reaction proceeding zone and the zone to be reacted) all need accurate monitoring and adjustment, which makes the process more complex, and may cause unstable reaction and greater control difficulty. This patent uses supercritical water, oxygen and a high temperature heater to react in a closed homogeneous cavity, with the risk of high pressure, flammability and explosion, especially in a closed environment at high temperature and high pressure where the reaction of oxygen with hydrogen may cause accidents. Therefore, these safety hazards require strict safeguards and real-time monitoring.
Patent CN117780326a discloses an underground in-situ pyrolysis hydrogen production device and method for coal, which relates to a plurality of devices and complex systems, including a plurality of core components such as a vertical shaft, a horizontal well, a methanation catalyst filling layer, a supercritical fluid generator, a hydrogen separation device and the like. Particularly in the use of supercritical fluid generators, high pressure and high temperature equipment is required, increasing the complexity and capital costs of the system. In addition, the interconnection and coordination between the devices require precise control and technical support, which makes the implementation of the method more costly and the installation and maintenance of the devices more difficult.
Both patents CN117211741A, CN112878978A, CN114876438B, CN117823112B, CN114876437a and CN117780326a emphasize in situ coal hydrogen production in supercritical water environments, and their main chemical reaction characteristics are as follows:
1. C+H 2O=H2 +CO, (temperature: 500-600 ℃, pressure: >25 MPa);
2. CO+H 2O=CO2+H2, (temperature: >550 ℃ C., pressure: no requirement).
From the chemical reaction formula, the temperature of the supercritical water in-situ hydrogen production process is higher than 550 ℃, but the requirement on the pressure is higher and is required to be higher than 25MPa, so that the high requirements on the tightness of a reservoir, the stability of a supercritical water generator and the wellbore stability of an injection well production well are provided.
Most of the existing in-situ coal hydrogen production technologies (patent CN117211741A, CN112878978A, CN114876438B, CN117823112B, CN114876437a and CN117780326 a) adopt a high-pressure high-temperature supercritical water path, which causes the following obvious common problems:
1. High temperature and high pressure conditions require that most technologies rely on high temperature and high pressure environments to promote chemical reactions in coal seams, particularly supercritical water or oxygen-enriched gas is used to react with coal seams (e.g., supercritical water fracturing to enhance hydrogen production, supercritical water and oxygen co-injection, coal seam in situ gasification, etc.). These high temperature and pressure conditions are critical to ensure coal seam gasification and hydrogen production, but also present a safety hazard and place higher demands on equipment.
2. Equipment complexity and high cost all of these patents require multiple complex equipment configurations including supercritical fluid generators, high pressure injection systems, catalyst packing layers, and the like. These devices not only place high demands on engineering design and installation, but also require high precision operation and real-time regulatory systems. The variety and complexity of the equipment results in increased capital and operating expenditure, thereby increasing implementation difficulty and technical threshold.
3. Potential safety hazards are that the reaction process under the high-pressure high-temperature environment has potential safety risks, particularly the mixed reaction of oxygen and hydrogen is easy to cause violent reaction and even cause explosion. In addition, the use of supercritical fluids and oxygen-enriched gases increases the operational risk and requires a strict safety monitoring system to prevent accidents.
4. Coal seam suitability problems most patents require that the coal seam be subjected to relatively high pressure and temperature conditions, and thus its suitability is generally limited to deep or higher-rank coal seams (e.g., burial depths exceeding 1500 meters). This limits the widespread use of these technologies, particularly in the development of shallow or low-rank coal seams, which can be difficult. Many technologies also rely on specific physical properties of the coal seam (such as porosity and permeability), which may vary widely among different coal seams, affecting the versatility and flexibility of the technology.
5. Energy efficiency and thermal energy underutilization although high temperature reaction and gasification techniques are used in these patents, most techniques do not fully consider how to effectively recover and utilize the thermal energy generated during the reaction. For example, heat generated during supercritical water and gasification is often used only to maintain reaction temperatures and is not effective in preheating coal seams or enhancing overall energy efficiency. This results in lower energy utilization efficiency and increased demand for external energy.
In general, although the patents provide innovative ideas in the aspect of in-situ hydrogen production of coal and accelerate chemical reaction through high temperature and high pressure, the problems of high equipment complexity, low energy efficiency, large potential safety hazard, poor technical applicability and the like generally exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a method for producing hydrogen by using in-situ low-pressure high-temperature coal. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A method for producing hydrogen by in-situ low-pressure high-temperature coal, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, sequentially arranging a plurality of shafts on the earth surface towards a target coal seam, and communicating adjacent shafts in a horizontal well mode after vertical sections of all shafts reach the target coal seam so as to fracture the target coal seam to form a coal seam fracture;
Step 2, selecting two adjacent shafts as an injection well and a production well, preheating a target coal bed through overheated water vapor with the injection temperature of the injection well being more than 650 ℃, synchronously injecting oxygen and overheated water vapor into the target coal bed after the temperature of the coal bed around the injection well is more than 450 ℃, and releasing heat by oxidation reaction with coal after the oxygen enters the target coal bed preheated to the temperature of more than 450 ℃ and further improving the temperature of the coal bed;
Step 3, sequentially forming a coal bed hydrogen production reaction zone and a preheating zone from the coal bed in the direction from the injection well to the production well, stopping injecting oxygen and continuously injecting superheated steam into the coal bed hydrogen production reaction zone to carry out hydrogen production reaction after the temperature of the coal bed hydrogen production reaction zone is above 850 ℃, and enabling generated H 2 and CO 2 to flow from the coal bed hydrogen production reaction zone and the preheating zone between the production well and the injection well to the production well and produce gas products through the production well;
Step 4, after the highest temperature of the coal bed hydrogen production reaction zone is lower than 750 ℃ and the concentration of H 2 in the product is lower than 20%, determining the distribution range of a goaf, then continuously injecting oxygen to enable O 2 and superheated steam to be synchronously injected into the coal bed hydrogen production reaction zone, repeating the step 2 and the step 3, continuously carrying out hydrogen production reaction on the coal bed between an injection well and a production well, and continuously extracting gas generated by the reaction;
Step 5, when a coal bed with the distance of 20-40 m from the production well at the front end of the goaf to be mined out is left, closing the production well, and opening a shaft which is used as a preparation well after the production well, wherein a coal bed area between the production well and the preparation well is a preparation area;
And 6, after the hydrogen production reaction zone and the preheating zone of the coal bed between the current production well and the injection well are fully produced, using the current injection well as a grouting well, injecting slurry into the coal bed cavity which is subjected to in-situ hydrogen production through the grouting well, simultaneously, using the current production well as a next injection well, using the current preparation well as the next production well, and carrying out steps 2 to 5 between the next injection well and the next production well until all coal resources of the target coal bed are converted into hydrogen-rich gas products and filling work of all goafs is completed.
Further, when the target coal seam is an inclined coal seam, firstly, after the deepest coal in the target coal seam is completely produced, and after filling the formed goaf, continuously arranging mining units along the trend of the coal seam in the ascending coal seam next to the goaf until the inclined target coal seam is completely produced from deep to shallow.
Furthermore, the mining units consisting of the production well, the injection well, the grouting well and the preparation well are arranged in parallel to the trend of the coal seam in the inclined coal seam, the depth of a shaft of each mining unit is consistent, the deepest coal in the target coal seam starts to produce hydrogen, the hydrogen production work of all coal bodies is completed step by step, in the process, the lower goaf filling work is filled to the lower part by means of the dead weight of slurry, the natural partition of filling and hydrogen production is realized, meanwhile, the vapor evaporated by the slurry under the action of surrounding rock preheating provides vapor for the upper hydrogen production reaction, the recycling of surrounding rock waste heat is realized, the liquid water in the upper coal seam flows to the lower goaf under the effect of the dead weight, and the heat of the upper hydrogen production reaction is prevented from being consumed by the existence of the liquid water.
And when the target coal seam is a thick coal seam with the thickness of more than or equal to 10m, adopting layered arrangement of horizontal wells after the vertical sections of all the shafts reach the lower part of the target coal seam, communicating the adjacent shafts in a mode of the upper coal horizontal well and the lower coal horizontal well, finally forming a horizontal well pattern taking the shafts as nodes in the coal seam, carrying out volume fracturing on all the lower coal horizontal wells, forming coal seam fracturing cracks in the lower layer of the target coal seam, carrying out high-temperature coal hydrogen production exploitation on the coal seam corresponding to the lower coal horizontal well according to the steps 2 to 6, plugging segmented flowtubes corresponding to all the shafts after the coal seam hydrogen production work and grouting filling work are completed, opening segmented flowtubes corresponding to all the shafts in the upper coal, and repeating the steps 2 to 6, carrying out high-temperature coal hydrogen production on the coal seam corresponding to the upper coal horizontal well until the in-situ hydrogen production and filling work of all the goafs of the target coal seam are completed.
Further, distributed temperature and pressure sensors are arranged in the horizontal well to monitor the temperature of the coal bed.
Further, the distance between distributed temperature and pressure sensors arranged in the horizontal well is less than or equal to 2m.
Furthermore, seismic waves, settlement monitoring holes and explosion seismic source holes are uniformly distributed in the stratum at the upper part of the target coal seam, a high-precision positioning sensor and a small-sized high-precision geophone are arranged at the bottoms of the seismic waves and settlement monitoring holes, and a proper amount of explosive is arranged at the explosion seismic source at the bottom of the explosion seismic source holes.
Further, in the step 4, the distribution range of the goaf is determined, namely explosive in the explosion focus at the bottom of the explosion focus hole is detonated, the volume and the distribution range of the goaf are determined by receiving seismic wave signals and the settlement condition of a coal seam roof through a high-precision positioning sensor and a small-sized high-precision geophone at the bottom of the earthquake wave and settlement monitoring hole, and after the goaf distribution characteristic monitoring is completed, a proper amount of explosive is reloaded into the explosion focus hole for detecting the goaf distribution condition next time.
Furthermore, the injection well is connected with an oxygen injection system through an oxygen injection pump and an oxygen flow pressure regulating valve, and is connected with the superheated steam injection system through a superheated steam flow pressure regulating valve and a steam injection regulating pump, and in the injection process, the injection flow of O 2 is controlled through the oxygen injection pump and the oxygen flow pressure regulating valve, so that oxidation reaction of O 2 with undischarged H 2 in a hydrogen production reaction zone and a preheating zone of the coal bed is prevented.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. different from the existing supercritical water in-situ hydrogen production method, the invention adopts the co-injection of low-pressure superheated steam and oxygen to realize the coal in-situ hydrogen production, has lower requirements on the ground boiler technology, the well cementation technology and the closure of coal bed surrounding rock, and has higher reaction temperature (> 800 ℃) than the temperature (> 600 ℃) required by the supercritical water environment coal hydrogen production in low-pressure environment, but can easily reach the high temperature above 1000 ℃ by injecting oxygen to oxidize the coal bed in-situ, so the invention can realize the clean and efficient utilization of various complex difficult-to-collect or low-order low-value coal resources with the depth from tens of meters to above 1000 meters, and has wider technical applicability.
2. According to the invention, the hydrogen production process and the oxygen injection heating process are alternately carried out, so that O 2 and H 2 are effectively prevented from being directly mixed and contacted in a coal seam high-temperature airtight environment, the risk of severe reaction of O 2 and H 2 in the coal seam high-temperature airtight environment is reduced, meanwhile, the reduction of the yield caused by consumption of an H 2 product by O 2 is avoided, and the purpose that the high-temperature environment required by in-situ hydrogen production of a coal seam is only provided by coal seam oxidation without consuming the H 2 product is ensured.
3. The invention adopts two measures to realize the high-efficiency utilization of heat energy, firstly, the slurry is injected into a high-temperature goaf, the water vapor evaporated from the slurry participates in the hydrogen production process of a front-end hydrogen production reaction zone, the waste heat of surrounding rock of the goaf is fully utilized, the vapor injection quantity of an injection well is reduced, and secondly, the high-temperature gases such as H 2, CO 2 and the like generated in the hydrogen production reaction zone directionally flow and preheat the coal bed of a front-end preheating zone and a preparation zone through the group well regulation and control of the injection well, the production well and the preparation well, and the heat energy carried by the high-temperature gases such as H 2, CO 2 and the like is fully utilized, meanwhile, the running temperature of the production well is reduced, and the stability of the system is improved.
4. The invention has natural advantages that the mining units consisting of the production well, the injection well, the grouting well and the preparation well are arranged in parallel with the trend of the coal seam in the inclined coal seam, the shaft depth of each mining unit is consistent, the construction is easy, the mining units start to produce hydrogen from the deep part of the coal seam, the ladder strips are pushed upwards in the trend direction, the strips are parallel to the trend direction, the hydrogen production work of all coal bodies is gradually completed, in the process, the lower goaf filling work can fill the lower goaf by means of the dead weight of mud, the filling and the natural partition of hydrogen production are realized, meanwhile, the steam evaporated by the mud under the action of surrounding rock preheating can provide steam for the hydrogen production reaction zone in the upper mining unit, the recovery and the utilization of surrounding rock waste heat are realized, in addition, the liquid water in the upper coal seam can flow to the lower goaf under the action of dead weight, and the heat consumption of the hydrogen production reaction zone is prevented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an in situ low pressure high temperature coal hydrogen production mining unit;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an in situ low pressure high temperature coal hydrogen production system for a near horizontal coal seam in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an in situ low pressure hydrogen production well layout for an inclined coal seam in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an in situ low pressure hydrogen production layering arrangement for a thick coal seam in example 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the hydrogen production-filling integration of the in-situ low-pressure layered hydrogen production of the medium-thickness coal seam in example 3;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the hydrogen production-filling integration of the in-situ low-pressure layered hydrogen production of the medium-thickness coal seam in example 3;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a flowtube of a wellbore coal seam section of example 3;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of distributed temperature and pressure sensors in a horizontal well.
The reference numbers in the figure are 1-target coal bed, 2-goaf, 3-grouting well, 4-horizontal well, 401-upper coal horizontal well, 402-lower coal horizontal well, 5-distributed temperature and pressure sensor, 6-injection well, 7-coal bed hydrogen production reaction zone, 8-preheating zone, 9-production well, 10-preparation zone, 11-preparation well, 1301-high precision positioning sensor, 1302-small high precision geophone, 14-explosion source, 15-earthquake wave and settlement monitoring hole, 16-explosion source hole, 18-oxygen injection system, 19-overheat steam injection system, 24-oxygen injection pump, 25-oxygen flow pressure regulating valve, 26-overheat steam flow pressure regulating valve, 27-steam injection regulating pump and 36-coal bed fracturing crack.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear, the invention is further described in detail by combining the embodiments and the drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The following describes the technical scheme of the present invention in detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the scope of protection is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for producing hydrogen by in-situ low-pressure high-temperature coal, which is mainly used for producing hydrogen by in-situ high-temperature coal resources with various complex and difficult-to-collect depths ranging from tens of meters to more than 1000 meters or low-order low-value coal resources.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, for a near horizontal coal seam with a depth of 500m and a thickness of 5m, in-situ low-pressure high-temperature coal hydrogen production exploitation is carried out, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
Step 1, arranging group wells with intervals of 100-500 m on the surface of a target coal seam 1, specifically comprising a grouting well 3, an injection well 6, a production well 9 and a preparation well 11 which are sequentially arranged, communicating adjacent shafts by adopting a horizontal well 4 mode after vertical sections of all shafts reach the middle part of the target coal seam 1, finally forming a horizontal well pattern taking the shafts as nodes in the coal seam, carrying out volume fracturing on all horizontal well sections, forming complex coal seam fracturing cracks 36 in the target coal seam 1, arranging distributed temperature and pressure sensors 5 (see figure 8) in all horizontal well sections, and grouting to seal the horizontal sections of all shafts. The distance between the distributed temperature and pressure sensors 5 arranged in the horizontal well 4 is less than or equal to 2m so as to ensure accurate monitoring of each subarea of the target coal seam 1.
And 2, arranging seismic wave and settlement monitoring holes 15 and explosion seismic source holes 16 with a distance of 50m on a stratum 30m above the target coal seam 1, placing a high-precision positioning sensor 1301 and a small high-precision geophone 1302 at the bottom of the seismic wave and settlement monitoring holes 15, and placing a proper amount of explosive at the explosion seismic source 14 at the bottom of the explosion seismic source holes 16. The high-precision positioning sensor 1301 mainly has two functions, namely, the function of assisting the seismic wave data obtained by the small-sized high-precision geophone 1302 to generate the high-precision three-dimensional characteristic of the goaf 2, and the function of monitoring the settlement of rock stratum at the upper part of the gasification cavity, and timely adjusting the hydrogen production and goaf 2 filling scheme according to the three-dimensional form and overlying rock stratum deformation characteristic of the goaf 2 so as to ensure that the influence of the coal in-situ hydrogen production process on the stratum is minimized.
Step 3, selecting two adjacent shafts as an injection well 6 and a production well 9, wherein the injection well 6 is connected with an oxygen injection system 18 through an oxygen injection pump 24 and an oxygen flow pressure regulating valve 25, and the injection well 6 is connected with a superheated steam injection system 19 through a superheated steam flow pressure regulating valve 26 and a steam injection regulating pump 27;
The target coal seam 1 is preheated by injecting superheated steam with the temperature higher than 650 ℃ through the injection well 6 and the superheated steam injection system 19, the temperature change of the coal seam is monitored through the distributed temperature and pressure sensor 5 pre-embedded in the horizontal well 4, after the temperature of the coal seam around the injection well 6 is higher than 450 ℃, the oxygen injection system 18 is opened to enable oxygen and the superheated steam to be synchronously injected into the target coal seam 1, and after the oxygen enters the target coal seam 1 preheated to the temperature higher than 450 ℃, the oxygen reacts with the coal to release heat and further improve the temperature of the coal seam. At this time, the temperature of the coal bed hydrogen production reaction zone 7 is further increased, the required heat is provided by the self-heating of the coal bed oxidation reaction, and the ground injected superheated steam is only used as a coal hydrogen production reactant and is no longer used as a heat-carrying fluid, so that the temperature of the ground injected superheated steam is then adjusted to 300 ℃ to ensure long-term stable operation of the shaft.
The method comprises the steps of 4, enabling an injection well 6 to extend for 30m towards a production well 9 to form a coal seam hydrogen production reaction zone 7, enabling a zone between the coal seam hydrogen production reaction zone 7 and the production well 9 to be a preheating zone 8, closing an oxygen injection system 18 and continuously injecting superheated steam into the coal seam hydrogen production reaction zone 7 to carry out hydrogen production reaction after the temperature of the coal seam hydrogen production reaction zone 7 is above 850 ℃, enabling generated H 2 and CO 2 to flow from the coal seam hydrogen production reaction zone 7 and the preheating zone 8 between the production well 9 and the injection well 6 to the production well 9 and extracting gas products through the production well 9, and meanwhile enabling the gas products with high temperature to preheat the coal seam at the preheating zone 8.
And 5, detonating explosive in the explosion source 14 at the bottom of the explosion source hole 16 after the highest temperature of the coal bed hydrogen production reaction zone 7 is lower than 750 ℃ and the concentration of H 2 in the product is lower than 20%, determining the volume and the distribution range of the goaf 2 by receiving seismic wave signals and the subsidence condition of a coal bed roof through the high-precision positioning sensor 1301 and the small-sized high-precision geophone 1302 at the bottom of the seismic wave and subsidence monitoring hole 15, and reloading a proper amount of explosive into the explosion source hole 16 after the distribution characteristic monitoring of the goaf 2 is finished, so as to be used for detecting the distribution condition of the goaf 2 next time.
When the settlement of the coal seam roof obtained by the high-precision positioning sensor 1301 at the bottom of the earthquake wave and settlement monitoring hole 15 is large, the hydrogen production process is interrupted, the cavity formed by hydrogen production is filled, and the coal seam roof is controlled to sink and then hydrogen production is carried out.
And 6, after the distribution range of the current goaf 2 is determined, opening an oxygen injection system 18 to synchronously inject O 2 and superheated steam into the coal seam hydrogen production reaction zone 7, strictly controlling the injection flow of O 2 through an oxygen injection pump 24 and an oxygen flow pressure regulating valve 25 in the injection process to prevent the O 2 from carrying out severe oxidation reaction with combustible gases such as H 2 which are not exhausted in the coal seam hydrogen production reaction zone 7 and the preheating zone 8, stopping O 2 injection after the integral temperature of the coal seam of 30m around the coal seam hydrogen production reaction zone 7 reaches above 850 ℃, continuously injecting the superheated steam into the coal seam to carry out hydrogen production reaction, and enabling the generated H 2 and CO 2 to flow to the coal seam hydrogen production reaction zone 7 and the preheating zone 8 between the production well 9 and the injection well 6, collecting gas products through the production well 9, and simultaneously continuing preheating the coal seam 8 to be reacted. In the process, the flow of the superheated steam injected by the injection well 6 can be regulated down, so that the flow of the superheated steam can meet the requirement of hydrogen production reaction.
Step 7, repeating the steps 5 and 6, closing the production well 9 when the coal layer is 30m away from the production well 9 at the front end of the goaf 2, opening the preparation well 11 after the production well 9, taking the coal layer area between the production well 9 and the preparation well 11 as the preparation area 10, and discharging high-temperature gases such as water vapor, H 2 and CO 2 from the preparation well 11 after the goaf 2 passes through the preparation area 10, wherein the process can realize the advanced preheating of the coal layer of the next exploitation unit, namely the coal layer of the preparation area 10, and simultaneously ensure that the temperatures of the production well 9 and the preparation well 11 are not too high.
And 8, after the coal bed hydrogen production reaction zone 7 and the preheating zone 8 between the current production well 9 and the injection well 6 are fully used for producing hydrogen, using the current injection well 6 as the current grouting well 3, injecting slurry into the coal bed cavity which is subjected to in-situ hydrogen production through the current grouting well 3, simultaneously, using the current production well 9 as the next injection well 6, using the current preparation well 11 as the next production well 9, and performing steps 2 to 8 between the next injection well 6 and the next production well 9 until all coal resources of the target coal bed 1 are converted into high-value hydrogen-rich gas products and filling work of all goafs 2 is completed.
It should be further noted that, because the target coal seam 1 is nearly horizontal and the coal seam thickness is moderate, the arrangement direction of the exploitation units can be mainly determined by the arrangement scheme of the ground surface topography and the ground industrial square, and all exploitation units can synchronously produce hydrogen in situ on the premise of not influencing each other, and the injection well 6 and the production well 9 can be shared when the conditions allow, so that the large-scale synchronous hydrogen production is realized, and the recovery rate is improved.
The chemical reaction characteristics of the low-pressure high-temperature coal hydrogen production are C+H 2O=H2 +CO, (the temperature is 800-1000 ℃ and the pressure is normal pressure-22 MPa);
CO+H 2O=CO2+H2, (temperature: >550 ℃ C., pressure: no requirement).
From the chemical reaction formula, if the temperature is increased to be more than 800 ℃, the reaction pressure is not required to be more than 22MPa, so that the requirements on the tightness of a reservoir and the high pressure resistance of a hydrogen production system are greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the oxygen injection is used for oxidizing and releasing heat of the coal bed, so that the high-temperature environment with the temperature of more than 800 ℃ is very easy to realize under the in-situ condition.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, for a steeply inclined coal seam with a depth of 500 m and a thickness of 5m, in-situ high-temperature coal hydrogen production exploitation is carried out, wherein steps 1-8 are implemented in the same way as steps 1-8 of the embodiment 1, the difference is that the target coal seam 1 is in a steeply inclined state, after all the deepest coal in the steeply inclined target coal seam 1 is subjected to hydrogen production, the formed goaf 2 is subjected to filling work, and then a exploitation unit is continuously arranged along the coal seam trend in the ascending coal seam adjacent to the goaf 2, and steps 1-8 are repeated until all hydrogen production of the steeply inclined target coal seam 1 is completed from deep to shallow.
The invention has the advantages that the in-situ hydrogen production for the inclined coal seam has natural advantages, the mining units consisting of the production well 9, the injection well 6, the grouting well 3 and the preparation well 11 are arranged in the inclined coal seam in parallel with the trend of the coal seam, the shaft depth of each mining unit is consistent, the construction is easy, the hydrogen production is started from the bottom of the coal seam, the hydrogen production work of all coal bodies is completed step by step in the inclined direction, in the process, the filling work of the lower goaf 2 can fill the lower part by means of the dead weight of slurry, the natural partition of filling and hydrogen production is realized, meanwhile, the vapor evaporated by the slurry under the preheating effect of surrounding rocks can provide vapor for the upper hydrogen production reaction zone, the recovery and the utilization of surrounding rock waste heat are realized, in addition, the liquid water in the upper coal seam can flow to the lower goaf 2 under the dead weight effect, and the heat consumption of the upper hydrogen production reaction zone due to the existence of the liquid water is prevented.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 4-6, for a near horizontal thick coal seam with a depth of 500 m and a thickness of 10m, in-situ high-temperature coal hydrogen production exploitation is carried out, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
step 1, arranging group wells with a spacing of 100-500 m on the surface of a target coal seam 1, wherein the group wells specifically comprise a grouting well 3, an injection well 6, a production well 9 and a preparation well 11 which are sequentially arranged, and forming an upper coal horizontal well 401 and a lower coal horizontal well 402 by adopting a mode of layering horizontal wells after vertical sections of all wellbores reach the lower part of the target coal seam 1;
Adjacent shafts are communicated in a mode of an upper coal horizontal well 401 and a lower coal horizontal well 402, a horizontal well pattern taking the shafts as nodes is finally formed in a coal bed, volume fracturing is carried out on all the lower coal horizontal wells 402, complex coal bed fracturing cracks 36 are formed in the lower layer of a target coal bed 1, distributed temperature and pressure sensors 5 are arranged in all the horizontal well sections, and grouting is carried out to seal the horizontal sections of all the shafts.
According to steps 2 to 8 of embodiment 1, the coal seam corresponding to the lower coal horizontal well 402 is subjected to high-temperature coal hydrogen production exploitation, after the coal seam coal hydrogen production work and grouting filling work are completed, all the segmented flowtubes corresponding to the wellbores are plugged (see fig. 7), the segmented flowtubes where the upper coal of all the wellbores is located are opened, and steps 2 to 8 are repeated, and the coal seam corresponding to the upper coal horizontal well 401 is subjected to high-temperature coal hydrogen production exploitation until the in-situ hydrogen production of the upper coal of the target coal seam 1 and filling work of all the goafs 2 are completed.
It should be noted that, for the normal position hydrogen production of thick coal seam, adopt the mode of layering exploitation, the benefit of construction like this is that can lead to upper portion coal seam to produce the crack under dead weight effect after lower floor's hydrogen production forms goaf 2, the gas flow when being convenient for follow-up upper portion hydrogen production, upper portion coal seam has also been preheated when lower portion hydrogen production, lower portion goaf 2 slip casting back can utilize the waste heat evaporation mud of goaf surrounding rock to the moisture in, provide the vapor atmosphere for upper coal hydrogen production, simultaneously, in the upper portion coal seam hydrogen production process, coal seam or roof also can flow to lower portion goaf 2 under the action of gravity when there is a small amount of liquid water, the influence of liquid water to the coal seam intensification has been prevented.
The target coal seam 1 may be a common coal seam, or may be a coal seam which is produced in an omni-directional and three-dimensional manner due to a large inclination angle, high gas, high rock burst, weak surrounding rock, poor coal quality, extremely uneven coal seam thickness or limitation of the past technology, but the top and bottom plates of the coal seam cannot be provided with a water-rich layer which is directly communicated with the coal seam.
While the invention has been described in detail in connection with specific preferred embodiments thereof, it is not to be construed as limited thereto, but rather as a result of a simple deduction or substitution by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for producing hydrogen by in-situ low-pressure high-temperature coal, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Arranging a plurality of shafts on the earth surface in sequence towards a target coal seam (1), and communicating adjacent shafts in a horizontal well (4) mode after the vertical sections of all the shafts reach the target coal seam (1), so as to fracture the target coal seam (1) to form a coal seam fracture (36);
Step 2, selecting two adjacent shafts as an injection well (6) and a production well (9), preheating a target coal bed (1) through overheated steam with the injection temperature of the injection well (6) being more than 650 ℃, synchronously injecting oxygen and overheated steam into the target coal bed (1) after the temperature of the coal bed around the injection well (6) is more than 450 ℃, and oxidizing the oxygen and the coal after entering the target coal bed (1) preheated to more than 450 ℃ to release heat and further improve the temperature of the coal bed;
The method comprises the steps of 3, sequentially forming a coal bed hydrogen production reaction zone (7) and a preheating zone (8) from an injection well (6) to a production well (9), stopping injecting oxygen and continuously injecting superheated steam into the coal bed hydrogen production reaction zone (7) to carry out hydrogen production reaction after the temperature of the coal bed hydrogen production reaction zone (7) is above 850 ℃, and simultaneously, preheating the coal bed at the preheating zone (8) by the gas products after the generated H 2 and CO 2 flow from the coal bed hydrogen production reaction zone (7) between the production well (9) and the injection well (6) and the preheating zone (8) to the production well (9) to produce the gas products through the production well (9);
step 4, after the highest temperature of the coal bed hydrogen production reaction zone (7) is lower than 750 ℃ and the concentration of H 2 in the product is lower than 20%, determining the distribution range of the goaf (2), then continuously injecting oxygen, synchronously injecting the oxygen and superheated steam into the coal bed hydrogen production reaction zone (7), repeating the steps 2 and 3, continuously carrying out hydrogen production reaction on the coal bed between the injection well (6) and the production well (9), and continuously extracting gas generated by the reaction;
Step 5, when the front end of the goaf (2) is far away from the coal seam of 20-40 m, closing the production well (9), opening a shaft behind the production well (9) to serve as a preparation well (11), wherein a coal seam area between the production well (9) and the preparation well (11) serves as a preparation area (10), water vapor, H 2 and CO 2 gas are discharged from the preparation well (11) after passing through the preparation area (10) from the goaf (2), and the process achieves advanced preheating of the coal seam of the next exploitation unit, namely the coal seam of the preparation area (10);
and 6, after the coal bed hydrogen production reaction zone (7) and the preheating zone (8) between the current production well (9) and the injection well (6) are fully produced, using the current injection well (6) as a grouting well (3), injecting slurry into a coal bed cavity which is subjected to in-situ hydrogen production through the grouting well (3), simultaneously, using the current production well (9) as a next injection well (6), using the current preparation well (11) as a next production well (9), and performing steps 2 to 5 between the next injection well (6) and the next production well (9) until all coal resources of the target coal bed (1) are converted into hydrogen-rich gas products and filling work of all goafs (2) is completed.
2. The method for producing hydrogen by using the in-situ low-pressure high-temperature coal according to claim 1, wherein when the target coal seam (1) is an inclined coal seam, the deepest coal in the target coal seam (1) is firstly subjected to hydrogen production completely, and after filling of the formed goaf (2) is completed, mining units are continuously arranged along the coal seam trend in the ascending coal seam adjacent to the goaf (2) until the inclined target coal seam (1) is subjected to hydrogen production completely from deep to shallow.
3. The method for producing hydrogen by using the in-situ low-pressure high-temperature coal as claimed in claim 2, wherein mining units consisting of a production well (9), an injection well (6), a grouting well (3) and a preparation well (11) are arranged in an inclined coal seam in parallel with the trend of the coal seam, the pit depths of each mining unit are consistent, the deepest coal in a target coal seam (1) starts to produce hydrogen, the hydrogen production work of all coal bodies is completed step by step, in the process, the lower goaf (2) is filled downwards by means of the dead weight of slurry, the natural partition of filling and hydrogen production is realized, vapor evaporated by the slurry under the effect of preheating surrounding rocks provides vapor for the upper hydrogen production reaction, the recovery and utilization of surrounding rock waste heat are realized, and liquid water in the upper coal seam flows to the lower goaf (2) under the effect of the dead weight, so that the heat of the upper hydrogen production reaction is prevented from being consumed by the existence of the liquid water.
4. The method for producing hydrogen by using the low-pressure high-temperature coal in situ according to claim 1 is characterized in that when a target coal seam (1) is a thick coal seam with the thickness of more than or equal to 10m, horizontal wells (4) are arranged in layers after vertical sections of all shafts reach the lower part of the target coal seam (1), the horizontal wells (4) comprise an upper coal horizontal well (401) and a lower coal horizontal well (402), adjacent shafts are communicated in a mode of the upper coal horizontal well (401) and the lower coal horizontal well (402), a horizontal well pattern taking the shafts as nodes is finally formed in the coal seam, volume fracturing is carried out on all the lower coal horizontal wells (402), coal seam fracturing cracks (36) are formed in the lower layer of the target coal seam (1), high-temperature coal hydrogen production is carried out on the coal seam corresponding to the lower coal horizontal well (402) according to the steps 2 to 6, after the coal seam hydrogen production work and grouting work are completed, flower pipes of all sections corresponding to the shafts are plugged, flower pipes of the sections where the upper coal is located are opened, the steps 2 to 6 are repeated, and the high-temperature coal production work is carried out on the coal seam (401) corresponding to the upper coal seam (401) until the target coal seam is filled to the full of the coal seam (1) in situ.
5. A method of producing hydrogen from low pressure, high temperature coal in situ according to any of claims 1-4, characterized by arranging distributed temperature and pressure sensors (5) in the horizontal well (4) to monitor the coal bed temperature.
6. The method for producing hydrogen from low-pressure high-temperature coal in situ according to claim 5, wherein the distance between the distributed temperature and pressure sensors (5) arranged in the horizontal well (4) is less than or equal to 2m.
7. A method of producing hydrogen from low pressure high temperature coal in situ according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that seismic waves and settlement monitoring holes (15) and explosive source holes (16) are uniformly distributed in the upper strata of the target coal seam (1), high precision positioning sensors (1301) and small high precision geophones (1302) are placed at the bottom of the seismic waves and settlement monitoring holes (15), and an appropriate amount of explosive is placed at the explosive source (14) at the bottom of the explosive source holes (16).
8. The method for producing hydrogen from low-pressure high-temperature coal in situ according to claim 7, wherein the determining of the distribution range of the goaf (2) in the step 4 is to detonate the explosive in the explosive source (14) at the bottom of the explosive source hole (16), and the volume and the distribution range of the goaf (2) are determined by receiving the seismic wave signals and the subsidence condition of the coal seam roof through the high-precision positioning sensor (1301) and the small-sized high-precision geophone (1302) at the bottom of the seismic wave and subsidence quantity monitoring hole (15), and after the monitoring of the distribution characteristics of the goaf (2) is completed, a proper amount of explosive is reloaded into the explosive source hole (16) for detecting the distribution condition of the goaf (2) next time.
9. The method for producing hydrogen by using the in-situ low-pressure high-temperature coal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the injection well (6) is connected with an oxygen injection system (18) through an oxygen injection pump (24) and an oxygen flow pressure regulating valve (25), the injection well (6) is connected with a superheated steam injection system (19) through a superheated steam flow pressure regulating valve (26) and a steam injection regulating pump (27), and the oxygen injection flow is controlled through the oxygen injection pump (24) and the oxygen flow pressure regulating valve (25) in the injection process, so that oxidation reaction of oxygen with undischarged H 2 in the coal seam hydrogen production reaction zone (7) and the preheating zone (8) is prevented.
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