CN119620265A - An all-dielectric optical microwave splitting and frequency division element - Google Patents
An all-dielectric optical microwave splitting and frequency division element Download PDFInfo
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- CN119620265A CN119620265A CN202411781440.5A CN202411781440A CN119620265A CN 119620265 A CN119620265 A CN 119620265A CN 202411781440 A CN202411781440 A CN 202411781440A CN 119620265 A CN119620265 A CN 119620265A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/0816—Multilayer mirrors, i.e. having two or more reflecting layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/002—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials
- G02B1/005—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials made of photonic crystals or photonic band gap materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/0816—Multilayer mirrors, i.e. having two or more reflecting layers
- G02B5/085—Multilayer mirrors, i.e. having two or more reflecting layers at least one of the reflecting layers comprising metal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/213—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种全介质的光学微波分光分频元件，包括一维光子晶体光学反射膜和透波基片，一维光子晶体光学反射膜是由两种高低折射率的介质构成的交替膜系结构，该膜系结构包括可见光反射膜系结构和红外反射膜系结构，可以高效的反射可见光和红外光。透波基片是微波无损的介质基片，可保证微波高效透过。可见光反射膜系结构和红外反射膜系结构从下至上的生长在透波基片上。本发明的分光分频元件通过反射光波和透射微波的方式将光波和微波的信号分开，可应用在光SAR一体共时相探测领域，实现大视场角范围内，对可见光和红外光的高效反射，有效提高分光分频效率。
The present invention discloses an all-medium optical microwave spectrometer and frequency division element, including a one-dimensional photonic crystal optical reflective film and a wave-transmitting substrate. The one-dimensional photonic crystal optical reflective film is an alternating film system structure composed of two media with high and low refractive indices. The film system structure includes a visible light reflective film system structure and an infrared reflective film system structure, which can efficiently reflect visible light and infrared light. The wave-transmitting substrate is a microwave lossless dielectric substrate, which can ensure efficient transmission of microwaves. The visible light reflective film system structure and the infrared reflective film system structure grow on the wave-transmitting substrate from bottom to top. The spectrometer and frequency division element of the present invention separates the signals of light waves and microwaves by reflecting light waves and transmitting microwaves, and can be applied in the field of integrated synchronous phase detection of optical SAR, to achieve efficient reflection of visible light and infrared light within a large field of view, and effectively improve the spectrometer and frequency division efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microwave and light wave fusion, in particular to an all-medium optical microwave spectral frequency dividing element.
Background
The integrated synchronous phase detection of the optical SAR can give consideration to the characteristics of good concealment, high resolution, good image quality, difficult electronic interference and the like of the optical remote sensing imaging, can also give play to the advantages of all-weather, all-day detection and strong penetration capability of the SAR imaging, find and identify camouflage targets, and greatly improve the capability of accurately detecting various targets. The design and processing of the core device light-splitting frequency-dividing element can provide support for the development of the optical SAR integrated imaging system, and research is needed to be carried out urgently.
In the design and development of light wave/microwave spectral frequency division, the technical routes of a dielectric reflecting film, a frequency selective surface, a diffraction optical device and the like are mainly adopted. The infrared reflectivity and the radar transmissivity of the frequency selective surface are related to the unit structure, and mutual restriction exists. The diffractive optical element has the characteristics of small volume, high efficiency, large design flexibility, easy integration and the like, but the manufacture of the dichroic mirror is still in an exploration stage, the polarization state of millimeter waves is not affected, and the element size cannot be large-scale. The plating of the dielectric reflecting film on the dielectric substrate is a mature technology, can realize effective reflection of light waves of a target wave band, and meanwhile, the dielectric material has good transmission characteristics for microwaves, but the reflection efficiency of the dielectric reflecting film is drastically reduced under a large visual field
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems of large field angle and high-efficiency light wave microwave spectral frequency division, and provides an all-medium optical microwave spectral frequency division element.
The technical scheme is that the optical microwave light-splitting frequency-dividing element comprises a wave-transmitting substrate, wherein an infrared light reflecting film system structure and a visible light reflecting film system structure are sequentially plated on one side of the wave-transmitting substrate, the infrared light reflecting film system structure and the visible light reflecting film system structure are multilayer alternating film system structures formed by two mediums with different refractive indexes, the infrared light reflecting film system structure sequentially comprises a second infrared light photonic crystal and a first infrared light photonic crystal along the direction far from the wave-transmitting substrate, the visible light reflecting film system structure sequentially comprises a second visible light photonic crystal and a first visible light photonic crystal along the direction far from the wave-transmitting substrate, the refractive indexes of two mediums in the second infrared light photonic crystal are identical to those of two mediums in the first infrared light photonic crystal, the lattice constants are different, and the refractive indexes of the two mediums in the second visible light photonic crystal are identical to those of the two mediums in the first visible light photonic crystal, and the lattice constants are different.
Further, the first visible light photonic crystal and the second visible light photonic crystal are sequentially and alternately formed by reflecting films made of two visible light wave band lossless dielectric materials with refractive index values of n 1a and n 1b from one side far away from the wave-transmitting substrate, and n 1a＞n1b;
The first infrared light photonic crystal and the second infrared light photonic crystal are sequentially and alternately formed by reflecting films made of two infrared light wave band lossless dielectric materials with refractive index values of n 2a and n 2b from one side far away from the wave-transmitting substrate, and n 2a＞n2b.
Further, the lattice constant of the first visible light photonic crystal is 110-150nm, the number of layers is 6-12, the lattice constant of the second visible light photonic crystal is 160-190nm, and the number of layers is 6-12.
Further, the two visible light band lossless dielectric materials are combined into TiO 2 and SiO 2、TiO2 and Al 2O3, or Al 2O3 and SiO 2.
Further, the lattice constant of the first infrared light photonic crystal is 800-1150nm, the number of layers is 6-12, the lattice constant of the second infrared light photonic crystal is 1170-1300nm, and the number of layers is 6-12.
Further, the two infrared band lossless dielectric materials are combined into TiO 2 and SiO 2, znS and HfO 2, or ZnSe and YiF 3.
Further, the first visible light photonic crystal, the second visible light photonic crystal, the first infrared light photonic crystal and the second infrared light photonic crystal are respectively and alternately formed by adopting reflecting films made of TiO 2 and SiO 2 in sequence, the refractive indexes of TiO 2 and SiO 2 in the first visible light photonic crystal and the second visible light photonic crystal are respectively 2.43 and 1.46, the refractive indexes of TiO 2 and SiO 2 in the first infrared light photonic crystal and the second infrared light photonic crystal are respectively 2.18 and 1.39, the lattice constants are respectively 122nm, 165nm, 897nm, 428 nm, tiO 2 and SiO 2, the thicknesses of the dielectric films are respectively 43nm and 79nm,59nm and 106nm,343nm and 554nm, the layer numbers of 460 nm and 743nm, and the layer numbers of 10, 8 and 8.
Further, the wave-transparent substrate is a microwave lossless dielectric substrate, the thickness of the wave-transparent substrate can be 2mm-10mm, the wave-transparent substrate is a plane mirror, a double concave mirror or a double convex mirror, and the wave-transparent substrate is made of quartz glass or lime sodium glass.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The technical scheme provided by the invention can realize high-efficiency reflection of visible light and infrared light in a large field angle range (an incident angle within 45 degrees).
(2) The light-splitting frequency-dividing element can realize the light-splitting frequency-dividing efficiency which is more than or equal to 95% in a target wave band.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spectral dividing element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the refractive index values of TiO2 and SiO2 as a function of wavelength;
FIG. 3 shows the reflection spectrum of a heterogeneous photonic crystal structure for TE polarized visible light (P light) incidence in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the reflection spectrum of a hetero-photonic crystal structure according to an embodiment of the present invention for TE polarized infrared (P light) incidence;
FIG. 5 shows the reflection spectrum of a heterogeneous photonic crystal structure for the incident condition of TM polarized visible light (S light) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a reflection spectrum of a hetero-photonic crystal structure according to an embodiment of the present invention for the incident condition of TM polarized infrared light (S light);
fig. 7 shows the microwave transmittance of the spectral divider according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical scheme of the present invention, the following specific embodiments of the present invention are specifically described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The full-medium light wave microwave light-splitting frequency-dividing element comprises a wave-transmitting substrate 3 and a one-dimensional photonic crystal optical reflection film, is an alternating film system structure formed by two mediums with high and low refractive indexes, and comprises a visible light reflection film system structure 1 and an infrared light reflection film system structure 2, wherein the visible light reflection film system structure 1 is formed by a first visible light photonic crystal 11 and a second visible light photonic crystal 12. The infrared light reflection film system structure 2 is composed of a first infrared light photonic crystal 21 and a second infrared light photonic crystal 22. The wave-transparent substrate 3 is a microwave-lossless dielectric substrate. The visible light reflecting film system structure 1 and the infrared reflecting film system structure 2 grow on the wave-transmitting substrate 3 from bottom to top, and the bottom refers to the side far away from the wave-transmitting substrate.
The first visible light photonic crystal 11 and the second visible light photonic crystal 12 are composed of an alternating film system structure of two visible light wave band lossless dielectric materials with refractive index values of n1 a and n1 b respectively, n1 a>n1b, material combinations can be but not limited to TiO 2/SiO2、TiO2/Al2O3、Al2O3/SiO2 and the like.
The first visible light photonic crystal 11 and the second visible light photonic crystal 12, wherein the lattice constant of the first visible light photonic crystal is 110-150nm, the number of layers is 6-12, the lattice constant of the second visible light photonic crystal is 160-190nm, and the number of layers is 6-12.
The first infrared light photonic crystal 21 and the second infrared light photonic crystal 22 are composed of alternating film system structures of two infrared light wave band lossless dielectric materials with refractive index values of n 2a and n 2b respectively, and n 2a＞n2b can be TiO 2/SiO2、ZnS/HfO2、ZnSe/YiF3.
The first infrared light photonic crystal 21 and the second infrared light photonic crystal 22 have a lattice constant of 800-1150nm, a number of layers of 6-12, and a lattice constant of 1170-1300nm, a number of layers of 6-12.
The substrate is made of microwave nondestructive materials, can efficiently transmit microwaves, has the thickness of 2mm-10mm, can be in the shape of a plane mirror, a double concave mirror, a double convex mirror and the like, and can be made of quartz glass, lime sodium glass and the like.
One embodiment of the present invention is given below:
According to a transmission matrix method and an angular frequency domain superposition method, a heterogeneous photonic crystal structure with high-efficiency reflectivity is designed on the basis of two dielectric materials, namely TiO 2 and SiO 2, in a visible light band and a middle infrared band.
A photonic crystal reflective film system structure is grown on a quartz glass substrate, see e.g. fig. 1. The refractive indexes of the TiO 2 and SiO 2 are shown in figure 2, the extinction coefficients of the two dielectric materials in the visible light and middle infrared bands are negligible, and the refractive indexes of the two dielectric materials are reduced along with the increase of the wavelength. When the thickness of the photonic crystal structure film layer is designed in the optical band, the refractive index values of TiO 2 and SiO 2 are respectively taken to be 2.43 and 1.46 (550 nm) for calculation, and when the thickness of the photonic crystal structure film layer is designed in the middle infrared band, the refractive index values of TiO 2 and SiO 2 are respectively taken to be 2.18 and 1.39 (4 μm) for calculation.
Four photonic crystals with different lattice constants are designed from top to bottom, namely a second infrared photonic crystal 22, a first infrared photonic crystal 21, an infrared photonic crystal c, a second visible light photonic crystal b and a first visible light photonic crystal a, and are grown on a quartz glass substrate according to the sequence. The thicknesses of the two dielectric films with the lattice constants of L a＝122nm,Lb＝165nm,Lc＝897nm,Ld＝1208nm.TiO2 and SiO 2 are respectively 43nm and 79nm of the visible light photonic crystal a, 59nm and 106nm of the visible light photonic crystal b, 343nm and 554nm of the infrared light photonic crystal c and 465nm and 743nm of the infrared light photonic crystal d, and the layers are respectively 10, 8 and 8, and 10 layers which represent that 5 layers of TiO 2 and SiO 2 are overlapped with each other.
The reflection characteristics of the hetero photonic crystal structure of the dual reflection band based on the above structural parameters are shown in fig. 3 to 6. FIGS. 3 and 4 show the reflectance spectra at 400-700nm and 3-5 μm bands, respectively, of a hetero-type photonic crystal structure for TE polarized light incidence. Within a 45-degree field angle, the heterogeneous photonic crystal has near total reflection of incident light, and the theoretical reflection efficiency in a full target wave band is more than 99%. FIGS. 5 and 6 show the reflectance spectra at 400-700nm and 3-5 μm bands, respectively, of a hetero-type photonic crystal structure for TM polarized light incidence. The reflection efficiency is substantially identical to that of TE polarized light at an incidence angle of 30 °. At an angle of 45 degrees, the reflection rate of a few wavelengths of the heterogeneous photonic crystal structure in a target wave band is poor, but the overall reflection rate is still more than 95 percent. Based on the analysis of the simulation results, the designed heterogeneous photonic crystal structure has theoretical reflectivity of more than 95% for polarized light of two modes in 45 oblique incidence angles in target wave bands of 400nm-700nm and 3-5 mu m.
The substrate material is selected to be quartz glass, and has a refractive index of about 3.75 in the microwave range, and has negligible loss to microwaves. In the light path structure of the spectral frequency division, in order to meet the imaging requirement of an optical wave band, one side of the quartz substrate, which is required to be plated with the photonic crystal reflecting film, needs to be designed to be convex, and the other side is required to be designed to be concave. The substrate has an equal thickness throughout, which reduces the effect on the microwave phase. The quartz substrate had a diameter of 25.4mm (one inch) and a radius of curvature of 78.4mm. The wave-transparent performance of the quartz substrate is simulated based on CST STUDIO SUITE software. And (3) solving by using a time domain solver, wherein X, Y and Z in boundary conditions are all set as electric walls, and the environment is set as a perfect electric conductor. The entrance port is Waveguide. When the thickness of the quartz substrate is 4.4mm, the microwave transmittance in the target band is optimized as shown in fig. 7. The microwave transmittance at 32-38GHz is higher than 90%, and the microwave transmittance at 34-36GHz is higher than 95%. Meanwhile, when the thickness of 4.3mm and 4.4mm is simulated, the microwave transmittance of the quartz substrate is more than 90% in a target wave band (34-36 GHz), which shows that the transmittance of the quartz substrate can meet the requirement in a certain processing error range.
In conclusion, the light-splitting frequency-dividing sample piece designed by the invention can efficiently realize light wave and microwave signal light splitting, and the light splitting efficiency is more than 95%.
It will be understood that the application has been described by way of example only, and that various changes in the features and examples may be made, or equivalents may be substituted, by way of illustration, without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation to the teachings of the application without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, it is intended that the application not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this application, but that the application will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
What is not described in detail in the present specification is a well known technology to those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
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| CN102681054A (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2012-09-19 | 太原理工大学 | Full visible light waveband omnidirectional reflector based on photonic crystals |
| WO2017160225A1 (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2017-09-21 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Optical system, method of forming and operating the same |
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| CN110422345A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-11-08 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十三研究所 | A kind of OSR thermal control coating based on photonic crystal |
| CN112904545A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-06-04 | 合肥工业大学 | Secondary condenser based on one-dimensional photonic crystal omnidirectional reflector |
| CN116299822A (en) * | 2023-03-07 | 2023-06-23 | 大连理工大学 | A silicon-based photonic crystal capable of realizing infrared/laser/visible light compatible stealth and its preparation method |
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2024
- 2024-12-05 CN CN202411781440.5A patent/CN119620265A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010123734A (en) * | 2008-11-19 | 2010-06-03 | Sharp Corp | Reflective optical coupling device and electronic equipment mounting the reflective optical coupling device |
| CN102681054A (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2012-09-19 | 太原理工大学 | Full visible light waveband omnidirectional reflector based on photonic crystals |
| WO2017160225A1 (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2017-09-21 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Optical system, method of forming and operating the same |
| CN107290814A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-10-24 | 天津津航技术物理研究所 | A kind of visible ray, laser and middle-infrared band all dielectric film recombination dichroic elements and design method |
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| CN112904545A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-06-04 | 合肥工业大学 | Secondary condenser based on one-dimensional photonic crystal omnidirectional reflector |
| CN116299822A (en) * | 2023-03-07 | 2023-06-23 | 大连理工大学 | A silicon-based photonic crystal capable of realizing infrared/laser/visible light compatible stealth and its preparation method |
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