CN119561590A - A microwave photonic broadband direct-modulation multi-beamforming network system - Google Patents
A microwave photonic broadband direct-modulation multi-beamforming network system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a microwave photon broadband direct-tuning multi-beam forming network system, and relates to the fields of microwave photonics, true time delay beam forming, broadband multi-beam forming and the like. The invention comprises a direct modulation transmitting module, an optical delay attenuation module, a photoelectric conversion module, a beam reconstruction module and a beam control module, wherein the photoelectric conversion module comprises an optical wavelength division multiplexer, an optical amplifier and a photoelectric detector, the direct modulation transmitting module comprises 2n paths of electro-optical direct modulation paths, the optical delay attenuation module comprises 2n paths of delay attenuation control paths, the 2n paths of electro-optical direct modulation paths and the 2n paths of delay attenuation control paths are in one-to-one correspondence connection, and the outputs of the 2n paths of delay attenuation control paths are all connected with the optical wavelength division multiplexer. The invention is based on a microwave photon direct-tuning link and a light-operated beam forming network, can improve the working frequency band and the instantaneous working bandwidth of the system, simultaneously realize wide-angle scanning and ultra-wide band, and a beam splitting mode or a beam combining mode, and ensure the high-speed, large-capacity and reliable transmission of an application system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the fields of microwave photonics, true time delay beam formation, broadband multi-beam formation and the like, and particularly relates to a microwave photon broadband direct-tuning multi-beam formation network system.
Background
In the fields of satellite communication, radar, electronic warfare and the like, wave beam forming is a widely adopted array signal processing technology, and the essence of the wave beam forming is that the main lobe of an array pattern is aligned with an expected target and nulls are aligned with interference signals by weighting the phases and amplitudes of signals transmitted by all channels of an array, so that the system performance is improved.
The microwave photon technology is an emerging technology of cross fusion of microwaves and light waves, can modulate microwave signals onto optical carriers, generates, processes, controls, transmits the microwave signals in an optical domain, and has the advantages of wide band, high speed, parallelism, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like.
The phased array based on the optical true time delay phase shift network based on the microwave photonics is adopted to replace the traditional electrical phase shift network and is called as a light control phased array. Because the radio frequency signal is subjected to optical conversion to obtain time delay in an optical domain, the optical true time delay phase shift network simultaneously inherits the advantages of microwave and photon technologies, and has various advantages compared with the traditional electrical phase shift, and the method is as follows:
Firstly, the bandwidth of the phased array is expanded, and because the optical phase-shifting network realizes the true time delay of the electric signal, the system eliminates the beam deflection phenomenon and the aperture transition time, and can reach larger instantaneous bandwidth. In addition, since the microwave photonic device generally has a larger bandwidth, the microwave signal can be directly synthesized into a beam in the optical domain without down-conversion. In addition, the signal transmission loss is reduced, the loss of the optical signal transmitted in the optical fiber is extremely low, the optical transmission loss of 1550nm laser is generally 0.2dB/km, the loss of the equivalent electric signal is 0.4dB/km, and the loss of the equivalent electric signal is almost negligible compared with that of a coaxial cable or a waveguide. Meanwhile, the frequency of the microwave signal is far smaller than that of the light wave, so that the consistency of the loss of the radio frequency signals with different frequencies in the optical fiber is very good. Third, while the weight and volume of the system is reduced, the weight of the fiber is typically 1.7kg/km, and the weight of the coaxial cable is about 567kg/km, the use of fiber to achieve delay will greatly reduce the weight of the system. In addition, the quartz fiber has a smaller cross-sectional diameter and a smaller bending radius than the coaxial cable, so that the volume of the system can be further reduced. Fourth, anti-electromagnetic interference, because the microwave signal is transmitted through the optical fiber on the optical carrier, will not receive the interference of the external electromagnetic radiation in the transmission course, will not produce the electromagnetic radiation at the same time.
The direct modulation microwave photon link has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, easy realization and the like, and is very suitable for a large-scale wave beam forming network. The direct modulation is to directly modulate a radio frequency signal onto an optical carrier by a direct modulation laser, and change the intensity of an output optical wave by changing the driving current of the laser so as to realize light intensity modulation. After passing through the true time delay beam forming network, the beam is converted into an electric signal by photoelectric conversion of a photoelectric detector.
At present, the microwave communication technology adopted by the traditional satellite communication technology has the problems of serious shortage of bandwidth, weak anti-interference capability, limited satellite system load and information processing capability and the like, and cannot meet the increasing communication demands.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a microwave photon broadband direct-tuning multi-beam forming network system based on a microwave photon direct-tuning link and a light-operated beam forming network. The invention is based on a microwave photon direct-tuning link and a light-operated beam forming network, can improve the working frequency band and the instantaneous working bandwidth of the system, can realize a beam splitting mode or a beam combining mode according to the application situation, and realizes the high-speed, large-capacity, flexible and reliable transmission of the application system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The microwave photon broadband direct modulation multi-beam forming network system comprises a direct modulation transmitting module, an optical delay attenuation module, a photoelectric conversion module, a beam reconstruction module and a beam control module, wherein the photoelectric conversion module comprises an optical wavelength division multiplexer, an optical amplifier and a photoelectric detector which are sequentially connected, the direct modulation transmitting module comprises 2n paths of electro-optical direct modulation channels, the optical delay attenuation module comprises 2n paths of delay attenuation control channels, n is more than or equal to 1,2n paths of electro-optical direct modulation channels are in one-to-one correspondence connection with 2n paths of delay attenuation control channels, and the outputs of the 2n paths of delay attenuation control channels are all connected with the optical wavelength division multiplexer;
in the i-th path electro-optical direct modulation path, the low-noise amplifier carries out gain amplification on an input signal, and the amplified signal is modulated onto an optical carrier wave through the direct modulation laser, i=1, 2, & 2n;
The ith delay attenuation control path receives the optical signal output by the ith electro-optical direct modulation path, delays the optical signal through the optical delay line and then attenuates the optical signal through the optical attenuator;
The beam control module calculates a delay value of the optical delay line and an attenuation value of the optical attenuator according to the externally input scanning angle, and controls the optical delay line and the optical attenuator to be adjusted to corresponding delay values and attenuation values;
The optical signals output by the 1 st path to the n th path of delay attenuation control paths are combined through a first optical wavelength division multiplexer, the combined signals are amplified through a first optical amplifier, and the amplified optical signals are subjected to photoelectric conversion through a first photoelectric detector to obtain first output electric signals;
The optical signals output by the (n+1) -th to (2 n) -th delay attenuation control paths are combined through a second optical wavelength division multiplexer, the combined signals are amplified through a second optical amplifier, the amplified optical signals are subjected to photoelectric conversion through a second photoelectric detector to obtain second output electric signals, and the second output electric signals are selected to be in a beam splitting or beam combining mode through second electric switching.
Further, the frequencies of input signals of the 2 n-way electro-optical direct modulation channels are the same, the powers are the same, the range of the frequency is 2-18 GHz, and the range of the power is-60 dBm to-40 dBm.
Further, the beam control module is used for calibrating the optical delay attenuation module, setting the optical delay line to make each path of delay equal, setting the optical attenuator to make each path of attenuation value equal, wherein the specific mode is as follows:
Firstly, calculating a delay value of each path of optical delay line according to an externally input scanning angle:
wherein d is the distance between antenna array elements, θ is the scanning angle, c is the speed of light, τ i is the delay value of the ith path of optical delay line;
Then, each optical delay line is controlled to be adjusted to a corresponding delay value.
Further, the range of delay values of the optical delay line is 0 ps-500 ps, and the range of attenuation values of the optical attenuator is 0 dB-20 dB.
Further, the wavelength of the optical signals in the 1 st path to the 2 nd path electro-optical direct modulation path/delay attenuation control path is gradually decreased by 0.8nm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The invention constructs a broadband direct-tuning beam forming network system by utilizing the direct-tuning light link and the light beam forming network, can improve the working frequency band and the instantaneous working bandwidth, and provides the beam forming network for application systems such as communication, electronic warfare, radar and the like.
2. The invention can improve the working frequency band and the instantaneous working bandwidth of the system, can realize wide bandwidth angle scanning, can realize a beam splitting mode or a beam combining mode according to application conditions, and realizes high-speed, large-capacity, flexible and reliable transmission.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave photon broadband direct-tuning multi-beam forming network system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
The system is based on a direct dimming link and a light-operated beam forming network, constructs a direct-tuning transmitting module comprising a2 n-path low-noise amplifier and a direct-tuning laser, comprises an optical delay attenuation module comprising a2 n-path optical delay line and an attenuation module, comprises a wavelength division multiplexer, 2 sets of photoelectric conversion modules of the optical amplifier and a photoelectric detector, comprises a beam reconstruction module of an electric switch and a power divider and a control module, and constructs the microwave photon broadband direct-tuning multi-beam forming network system.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, it includes a direct modulation transmitting module, an optical delay attenuating module, a photoelectric conversion module, a beam reconstruction module, and a beam control module (not shown).
The direct-tuning transceiver module comprises a first low-noise amplifier, a first direct-tuning laser, a second low-noise amplifier, a second direct-tuning laser, a third low-noise amplifier, a third direct-tuning laser, a fourth low-noise amplifier, a fourth direct-tuning laser, a fifth low-noise amplifier, a fifth direct-tuning laser, a sixth low-noise amplifier, a sixth direct-tuning laser, a seventh low-noise amplifier, a seventh direct-tuning laser, an eighth low-noise amplifier and an eighth direct-tuning laser.
The optical delay attenuation module comprises a first optical delay line, a first optical attenuator, a second optical delay line, a second optical attenuator, a third optical delay line, a third optical attenuator, a fourth optical delay line, a fourth optical attenuator, a fifth optical delay line, a fifth optical attenuator, a sixth optical delay line, a sixth optical attenuator, a seventh optical delay line, a seventh optical attenuator, an eighth optical delay line and an eighth optical attenuator.
The photoelectric conversion module includes an optical wavelength division multiplexer 1, an optical amplifier 1, a photodetector 1, an optical wavelength division multiplexer 2, an optical amplifier 2, and a photodetector 2.
The beam reconstruction module comprises an electric switch 1, an electric switch light 2 and a power divider.
In the direct modulation transceiver module, a first low noise amplifier with the frequency f 1 Into (I) and the power P 1 Into (I) , carries out gain amplification on a first path of input signal, the amplified signal is modulated on an optical carrier wave by a first direct modulation laser, the wavelength of the optical carrier wave is 1552.52nm, and the frequency f 2 Into (I) of a second path of input signal, the second low noise amplifier with power P 2 Into (I) , carries out gain amplification on the second path of input signal, the amplified signal is modulated onto an optical carrier wave by a second direct modulation laser, the wavelength of the optical carrier wave is 1551.72nm, the third path of input signal frequency is f 3 Into (I) , the third low noise amplifier with power P 3 Into (I) , carries out gain amplification on the third path of input signal, the amplified signal is modulated onto the optical carrier wave by a third direct modulation laser, the wavelength of the optical carrier wave is 1550.92nm, the frequency of the fourth path of input signal is f 4 Into (I) , the fourth low noise amplifier with power P 4 Into (I) , carries out gain amplification on the fourth input signal, the amplified signal is modulated onto an optical carrier wave by a fourth direct modulation laser, the wavelength of the optical carrier wave is 1550.12nm, the fifth input signal with frequency f 5 Into (I) and power P 5 Into (I) , carries out gain amplification on the fifth input signal, the amplified signal is modulated onto the optical carrier wave by the fifth direct modulation laser, the wavelength of the optical carrier wave is 1549.32nm, the frequency of the sixth input signal is f 6 Into (I) , The power P 6 Into (I) , sixth low-noise amplifier carries out gain amplification on a sixth input signal, the amplified signal is modulated onto an optical carrier wave by a sixth direct-modulation laser, the wavelength of the optical carrier wave is 1548.51nm, the seventh input signal frequency is f 7 Into (I) , the power P 7 Into (I) , seventh low-noise amplifier carries out gain amplification on the seventh input signal, the amplified signal is modulated onto the optical carrier wave by a seventh direct-modulation laser, the wavelength of the optical carrier wave is 1547.72nm, the frequency of the eighth input signal is f 8 Into (I) , The eighth low-noise amplifier with the power P 8 Into (I) , carries out gain amplification on the eighth input signal, the amplified signal is modulated onto an optical carrier wave through the eighth direct-modulation laser, and the wavelength of the optical carrier wave is 1546.92nm.
In the optical delay attenuation module, the first path of input optical signal optical carrier wave wavelength 1552.52nm is delayed through a first optical delay line and then attenuated through a first attenuator, the second path of input optical signal optical carrier wave wavelength 1551.72nm is delayed through a second optical delay line and then attenuated through a second attenuator, the third path of input optical signal optical carrier wave wavelength 1550.92nm is delayed through a third optical delay line and then attenuated through a third attenuator, the fourth path of input optical signal optical carrier wave wavelength 1550.12nm is delayed through a fourth optical delay line and then attenuated through a fourth attenuator, the fifth path of input optical signal optical carrier wave wavelength 1549.32nm is delayed through a fifth optical delay line and then attenuated through a fifth attenuator, the sixth path of input optical signal optical carrier wave wavelength 1548.51nm is delayed through a sixth optical delay line and then attenuated through a sixth attenuator, the seventh path of input optical signal optical carrier wave wavelength 1547.72nm is delayed through a seventh optical delay line and then attenuated through a eighth optical delay line 1546.92 nm.
In the photoelectric conversion module, the optical signals of the first 4 paths after optical delay and optical attenuation are combined through an optical wavelength division multiplexer 1, the wavelength of a first channel of the optical wavelength division multiplexer is 1552.52nm, the wavelength of a second channel of the optical wavelength division multiplexer is 1551.72nm, the wavelength of a third channel of the optical wavelength division multiplexer is 1550.92nm, the wavelength of a fourth channel of the optical wavelength division multiplexer is 1550.12nm, the combined signals are amplified through an optical amplifier 1, and the amplified optical signals are subjected to photoelectric conversion through a photoelectric detector 1 to obtain an output electric signal 1, wherein the frequency is f Out of 1 and the power is P Out of 1
The optical signals of the last 4 paths after optical delay and optical attenuation are combined through an optical wavelength division multiplexer 2, the wavelength of a fifth channel is 1549.32nm, the wavelength of a sixth channel is 1548.51nm, the wavelength of a seventh channel is 1547.72nm, the wavelength of an eighth channel is 1546.92nm, the combined signals are amplified through light amplification and 2, the amplified optical signals are subjected to photoelectric conversion through a photoelectric detector 2 to obtain an output electric signal 2, the frequency is f Out of 2, and the power is P Out of 2.
In the beam reconstruction module, an electric signal 1 can be selectively output to a beam splitter 1 or transmitted to a power divider according to control through an electric switch 1, an electric signal 2 can be selectively output to a beam splitter 2 or transmitted to the power divider according to control through an electric switch 2, and the power divider outputs a combined beam.
In the direct-tuning transceiver module, f 1 Into (I) 、f2 Into (I) 、f3 Into (I) 、f4 Into (I) 、f5 Into (I) 、f6 Into (I) 、f7 Into (I) 、f8 Into (I) can be set to be in a range of 2-18 GHz, f1 Into (I) ＝f2 Into (I) ＝f3 Into (I) ＝f4 Into (I) ＝f5 Into (I) ＝f6 Into (I) ＝f7 Into (I) ＝f8 Into (I) .P1 Into (I) 、P2 Into (I) 、P3 Into (I) 、P4 Into (I) 、P5 Into (I) 、P6 Into (I) 、P7 Into (I) 、P8 Into (I) can be set to be in a range of-60 dBm to-40 dBm, and P 1 Into (I) ＝P2 Into (I) ＝P3 Into (I) ＝P4 Into (I) ＝P5 Into (I) ＝P6 Into (I) ＝P7 Into (I) ＝P8 Into (I) .
The control module firstly calibrates the delay attenuation module, sets the optical delay line to make each path of delay equal, namely tau 1＝τ2＝τ3＝τ4＝τ5＝τ6＝τ7＝τ8, and sets the optical attenuator to make each path of attenuation value equal, namely A 1＝A2＝A3＝A4＝A5＝A6＝A7＝A8.
The method for setting the optical delay line to make each path of delay equal is as follows:
Firstly, calculating a delay value of an optical delay line according to an externally input scanning angle:
wherein d is the antenna array element spacing, θ is the scanning angle, and c is the light velocity.
Then, each optical delay line is controlled to be simultaneously adjusted to a corresponding delay value.
The optical delay value of the optical delay line can be set to be in the range of 0 ps-500 ps, the scanning angle + -45 DEG can be met, and the optical attenuation value of the optical attenuator can be set to be in the range of 0 dB-20 dB.
In the photoelectric conversion module, the generated output signal frequency f Out of ＝f1 Into (I) ＝f2 Into (I) ＝f3 Into (I) ＝f4 Into (I) ＝f5 Into (I) ＝f6 Into (I) ＝f7 Into (I) ＝f8 Into (I) and the power P Out of ＝P1 Into (I) +A1,A1 are greater than 30dB.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
Firstly, 8 paths of input electric signals are amplified through a direct modulation transceiver module and modulated on optical carriers with different wavelengths, wherein the first path of the electric signals has a wavelength of 1552.52nm, the second path of the electric signals has a wavelength of 1551.72nm, the third path of the electric signals has a wavelength of 1550.92nm, the fourth path of the electric signals has a wavelength of 1550.12nm, the fifth path of the electric signals has a wavelength of 1549.32nm, the sixth path of the electric signals has a wavelength of 1548.51nm, the seventh path of the electric signals has a wavelength of 1547.72nm, and the eighth path of the electric signals has a wavelength of 1546.92nm.
And then, the optical signal modulated to the optical carrier is passed through an optical delay attenuation module, and 8 paths of optical delay lines and optical attenuation values are regulated and controlled according to the scanning angle.
And finally, the regulated optical signal is divided into two beams through a photoelectric conversion module to be combined, optical amplification and photoelectric detection are carried out to obtain an electric signal, and the electric signal is controlled to be in a beam splitting mode or a beam combining mode according to an electric switch to finish direct modulation beam forming.
The direct-tuning multi-beam forming network constructed by the invention can realize 2-18 GHz working frequency band, 500MHz instantaneous working bandwidth, 30dB gain, 4.5 noise coefficient and + -45 DEG scanning angle, and by utilizing the direct-tuning link, the performance is improved, and meanwhile, an expensive modulator is avoided, so that the cost is saved.
In a word, the invention constructs a broadband direct-tuning multi-beam forming network system based on optical devices such as a direct-tuning link, an optical delay line and the like, can improve the working frequency band and the instantaneous working bandwidth, and provides a beam forming network technical support for application systems such as communication, electronic warfare, radar and the like.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that may be easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should be included in the present invention.
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