CN119542747A - A K/Ka band broadband dual circularly polarized antenna for low-orbit satellite communications - Google Patents
A K/Ka band broadband dual circularly polarized antenna for low-orbit satellite communications Download PDFInfo
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- CN119542747A CN119542747A CN202411687210.2A CN202411687210A CN119542747A CN 119542747 A CN119542747 A CN 119542747A CN 202411687210 A CN202411687210 A CN 202411687210A CN 119542747 A CN119542747 A CN 119542747A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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Abstract
本发明涉及无线通信技术领域，公开了一种低轨卫星通信K/Ka频段宽带双圆极化天线，其技术方案要点是包括：辐射口面、谐振腔、双圆极化器、准TEM传输空气腔层、左极化宽带馈电网络层、右极化宽带馈电网络层、TEM模转换端子、极化切换、收发双工器、第一标准波导口层、第二标准波导口层；天线结构简单、且具有自封装特性，电磁兼容性能好，可实现天线高增益、宽带宽、高圆极化纯度。利用结构堆叠与金属化通孔形成屏蔽空气腔，多个电路集成在一起时，相互干扰较小，结构紧凑，装配方便、电性能优异。
The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and discloses a low-orbit satellite communication K/Ka band broadband dual circular polarization antenna, the technical solution of which includes: a radiation aperture, a resonant cavity, a dual circular polarizer, a quasi-TEM transmission air cavity layer, a left-polarized broadband feeding network layer, a right-polarized broadband feeding network layer, a TEM mode conversion terminal, a polarization switch, a transceiver duplexer, a first standard waveguide port layer, and a second standard waveguide port layer; the antenna has a simple structure, a self-packaging characteristic, good electromagnetic compatibility, and can achieve high gain, wide bandwidth, and high circular polarization purity of the antenna. A shielded air cavity is formed by using structural stacking and metallized through holes, and when multiple circuits are integrated together, mutual interference is small, the structure is compact, assembly is convenient, and electrical performance is excellent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a K/Ka frequency band broadband dual circularly polarized antenna for low-orbit satellite communication.
Background
In the prior art, the complexity of an antenna system is increased by adopting circular polarization and common-caliber design, for an antenna array, the caliber or the number of common-caliber units needs to be increased by improving the overall gain of the antenna, and the microstrip antenna has the characteristic of low profile and is generally selected for design.
However, when the microstrip antenna is assembled, the problems of narrow antenna bandwidth, low working efficiency, complex structure and the like exist, and particularly, the design of a feed network is complex aiming at the requirement of broadband double circular polarization, which is not beneficial to the design, processing and adjustment and measurement of the whole antenna.
Therefore, the invention provides the K/Ka frequency band broadband dual circularly polarized antenna for low-orbit satellite communication, and the technical problems are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides the K/Ka frequency band broadband dual circularly polarized antenna for low-orbit satellite communication, which has the advantages of simple structure, self-packaging property, good electromagnetic compatibility and capability of realizing high gain, wide bandwidth and high circularly polarized purity. The shielding air cavity is formed by the structural stacking and the metallized through holes, so that when a plurality of circuits are integrated together, mutual interference is small, the structure is compact, the assembly is convenient, and the electrical performance is excellent.
The technical aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme that the K/Ka frequency band broadband dual circularly polarized antenna unit for low-orbit satellite communication comprises a radiation port surface, a resonant cavity, a dual circularly polarizer, a quasi-TEM transmission air cavity layer, a left polarization broadband feed network layer, a right polarization broadband feed network layer, a TEM (transmission electron microscope) mode conversion terminal, polarization switching, a receiving and transmitting duplexer, a first standard waveguide port layer and a second standard waveguide port layer;
The radiation port surface is formed by 8 multiplied by 8 unit groups, an isolation metal grid is arranged in the radiation port surface of each unit group, and the isolation metal grid divides the radiation port surface into 4 horn ports for improving the direction coefficient of the antenna;
The radiation port surface is positioned in the resonant cavity, and the resonant cavity is used for improving impedance matching;
A double circular polarizer is arranged below the resonant cavity, the double circular polarizers are formed by 8 multiplied by 8 unit groups to form an array, each double circular polarizer consists of two input ports and one output port, each input port consists of two identical rectangular waveguide ports, and each output port is a square waveguide;
the dual-circularly polarizer is characterized in that a quasi-TEM transmission air cavity layer is arranged below the dual-circularly polarizer, a left polarization broadband feed network layer is arranged below the quasi-TEM transmission air cavity layer, the quasi-TEM transmission air cavity layer is connected with the left polarization broadband feed network layer through a plurality of TEM mode conversion terminals, a first standard waveguide port layer is arranged below the left polarization broadband feed network layer, a right polarization broadband feed network layer is arranged below the first standard waveguide port layer, the first standard waveguide port layer is connected with the right polarization broadband feed network layer through a plurality of TEM mode conversion terminals, and a second standard waveguide port layer is arranged below the right polarization broadband feed network layer;
The upper surfaces of the left polarization broadband feed network layer and the right polarization broadband feed network layer are respectively provided with polarization switching;
And the upper surfaces of the first standard waveguide port layer and the second standard waveguide port layer are respectively provided with a transceiver duplexer.
According to the invention, a metal straight baffle is arranged on the inner surface of each double circular polarizer, and the double circular polarizers can generate linear polarization or circular polarization with any inclination angle by exciting two input ports through the metal straight baffle and simultaneously in proper phase relation.
When the TEM mode conversion terminal is of a quasi-coaxial structure, two ends of the TEM mode conversion terminal adopt different inner diameters and are matched with a quasi-TEM transmission air cavity at the same time, so that the antenna standing wave change caused by impedance change in the mode conversion process is met, extra transmission loss is introduced, and the purity of electromagnetic wave transmission in the cavity is ensured.
As a preferable technical scheme, the isolation metal grid divides the radiation port into 4 horn ports in the plane, the horn ports adopt a stepped gradual change horn and cross grid structure, and impedance matching of the horn antenna can be realized by adjusting the size and the height of the port surface of each step of the stepped horn, wherein the size and the length of the waveguide correspond to the wave resistance of the guide mode, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein E u、Ev transverse electric field, H u、Hv transverse magnetic field, epsilon and mu are dielectric constant and magnetic permeability of medium respectively, omega is angular frequency, beta and kappa variable constants, lambda and lambda c are working wavelength and cut-off wavelength respectively; as an inherent impedance of the medium, to air impedance
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the radiation port surface is formed by an array of 8×8 unit groups, and the condition that the grating lobes do not appear in the array is that:
Wherein d is the spacing between unit antennas, lambda is the wavelength in free space corresponding to the working frequency of the antenna, and theta is the scanning angle of the antenna;
when the antenna is not scanning, θ=0, and the condition that grating lobes do not occur is:
d<λ
The radiation port surface of the square antenna meets the conditions of wave transmission:
λ<2L
Wherein L is the length of the radiation port face.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the calculation formula of the power reflected back to the input port and the power coupled to the non-excited input port of the double circular polarizers is as follows:
the calculation formula of the relative amplitude and phase to determine the axial ratio and the principal axis inclination angle of the elliptically polarized wave is as follows:
Where Γ is the reflection coefficient of the odd mode excitation, b i (i=1) represents the power reflected back to the input port, b i (i=2) represents the power coupling to the non-excitation input, and the relative amplitudes and phases of b i (i=3) and b i (i=4) determine the axial ratio and the principal axis tilt of the elliptically polarized wave.
In summary, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
First, the bandwidth is wide. By adopting a novel mode based on SISL feed network and metal cavity combination, the antenna can work normally in the K/Ka frequency range, has good impedance matching in the K/Ka frequency range, ensures the mode purity, and further reduces the efficiency reduction and gain reduction of the antenna caused by impedance mismatch.
And secondly, the integration level is high. The advanced feed network structure is adopted, so that the input/output interface is various and flexible, can be a standard waveguide port, is coaxial or is directly connected with the TR component, has strong adaptability, can design a passive circuit and an active circuit on the structure at the same time, realizes system integration, and has high integration level.
Thirdly, the volume is small, and the structure is compact. The method solves the miniaturization problem through measures such as loading and lamination, and can place partial circuits at the bottom or the top of the multilayer substrate when being connected and integrated with other circuit systems, so that the whole structure is more compact.
Fourth, convenient assembling. The antenna array main body structure is of a light alloy structure, and is assembled and installed in a stacking and loading mode, welding, debugging and the like are not needed, and the assembly is simple and easy to implement.
Fifth, the electrical property is excellent. The novel antenna structure can enable the antenna to normally work in the K/Ka frequency range, and the antenna unit and the array thereof have lower axial ratio, side lobes and cross polarization and higher caliber efficiency in the full frequency range.
And sixthly, the power bearing capacity is large. Because of the novel mode of combining SISL feed network and metal cavity, the electromagnetic wave of antenna is transmitted as quasi-TEM mode in the cavity, the energy is bound in the cavity to be transmitted along the metal microstrip line and the cavity in quasi-TEM mode, and the bearing power is equivalent to that of conventional rectangular waveguide.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective exploded view of an internal structure of a low-orbit satellite communication K/Ka band broadband dual circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a four-port network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a radiation port surface and a dual circular polarizer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a quasi-TEM transmission air cavity layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
In the figure, a radiation port surface 1, a resonant cavity 2, a double circular polarizer 3, a quasi-TEM transmission air cavity layer 4, a left polarization broadband feed network layer 5, a right polarization broadband feed network layer 6, a TEM mode conversion terminal 7, polarization switching 8, a transceiver duplexer 9, a first standard waveguide port layer 10 and a second standard waveguide port layer 11 are shown.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present application, but are not intended to limit the application in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present application.
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
It should be noted that, if not in conflict, the features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other, which is within the protection scope of the present application. In addition, while functional block division is performed in a device diagram and logical order is shown in a flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than the block division in the device, or in the flowchart. Moreover, the words "first," "second," "third," and the like as used herein do not limit the data and order of execution, but merely distinguish between identical or similar items that have substantially the same function and effect.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in the description of the application herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "and/or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present application described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
The microstrip antenna array structure aims to solve the problems of narrow antenna bandwidth, low working efficiency, complex structure and the like in the prior art when microstrip antennas are assembled, and particularly solves the problems that a feed network is complex in design and is unfavorable for the design, processing and adjustment of an integral antenna under the requirement of broadband double circular polarization. In view of this, the embodiment of the disclosure provides a low-orbit satellite communication K/Ka frequency band broadband dual circularly polarized antenna, which has a simple structure, a self-packaging characteristic and good electromagnetic compatibility, and can realize high gain, wide bandwidth and high circularly polarized purity of the antenna. The shielding air cavity is formed by the structural stacking and the metallized through holes, so that when a plurality of circuits are integrated together, mutual interference is small, the structure is compact, the assembly is convenient, and the electrical performance is excellent.
Referring to fig. 1-2, fig. 1-2 show a schematic structural diagram of a low-orbit satellite communication K/Ka-band wideband dual circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The dual-circularly polarizer comprises a radiation port surface 1, a resonant cavity 2, a dual-circularly polarizer 3, a quasi-TEM transmission air cavity layer 4, a left polarization broadband feed network layer 5, a right polarization broadband feed network layer 6, a TEM mode conversion terminal 7, polarization switching 8, a transceiver duplexer 9, a first standard waveguide port layer 10 and a second standard waveguide port layer 11;
As shown in fig. 4, the radiation port surface 1 of each unit group is internally provided with an isolated metal grid which divides the radiation port surface 1 into 4 horn ports, and the horn port surfaces are used for improving the current uniform distribution, thereby improving the current distribution and improving the direction coefficient of the antenna;
the radiation port surface 1 is positioned in the resonant cavity 2, the resonant cavity 2 ensures that the antenna has good impedance matching in the K/Ka frequency band range, ensures the mode purity, further reduces the efficiency reduction of the antenna caused by impedance mismatch, and reduces the gain;
The double circular polarizers 3 are arranged below the resonant cavity 2, the double circular polarizers 3 are formed into an array by 8 multiplied by 8 unit groups, each double circular polarizer 3 consists of two input ports and one output port, each input port consists of two identical rectangular waveguide ports, each output port is a square waveguide, as shown in fig. 4, a metal straight baffle is arranged on the inner surface of each double circular polarizer 3, the double circular polarizers 3 excite the two input ports through the metal straight baffle and simultaneously with proper phase relation, linear polarization or circular polarization with any inclination angle can be generated, and the broadband polarizer has the characteristics of wide bandwidth and low axial ratio.
The dual circular polarizer 3 is provided with a quasi-TEM transmission air cavity layer 4 below the quasi-TEM transmission air cavity layer 4, a left polarization broadband feed network layer 5 is arranged below the quasi-TEM transmission air cavity layer 4, the quasi-TEM transmission air cavity layer 4 and the left polarization broadband feed network layer 5 are connected through a plurality of TEM mode conversion terminals 7, a first standard waveguide port layer 10 is arranged below the left polarization broadband feed network layer 5, a right polarization broadband feed network layer 6 is arranged below the first standard waveguide port layer 10, the first standard waveguide port layer 10 and the right polarization broadband feed network layer 6 are connected through a plurality of TEM mode conversion terminals 7, and a second standard waveguide port layer 11 is arranged below the right polarization broadband feed network layer 6;
The TEM mode conversion terminal 7 is used for completing mode conversion, namely quasi-TEM mode-TE 01/TE10. When the TEM mode conversion terminal 7 is of a quasi-coaxial structure, different inner diameters are adopted at two ends of the TEM mode conversion terminal 7, and the quasi-TEM mode conversion terminal is matched with the quasi-TEM transmission air cavity layer 4, so that antenna standing wave change caused by impedance change in the mode conversion process is met, extra transmission loss is introduced, and the purity of electromagnetic wave transmission in the cavity is ensured (electromagnetic wave transmission forms of other modes cannot be additionally introduced).
The upper surfaces of the left polarization broadband feed network layer 5 and the right polarization broadband feed network layer 6 are respectively provided with polarization switching 8;
The upper surfaces of the first standard waveguide port layer 10 and the second standard waveguide port layer 11 are respectively provided with a transceiver duplexer 9.
After the impedance of the antenna unit is matched with polarization, the antenna energy is effectively transmitted by matching with a 6-level left polarization broadband feed network and a right polarization broadband feed network, a complete air cavity is formed by matching with a quasi-TEM transmission air cavity layer 4, signals are output after the multi-level broadband network finishes the conversion of the coaxial waveguide TEM mode-quasi-TEM mode transmission air cavity, so that the distribution of microwave energy is completed, meanwhile, the frequency division and the switching of signals are completed by matching with a polarization switching 8 and a receiving and transmitting duplexer 9, and finally, the signals are received and transmitted through a standard waveguide port.
The radiator of the unit antenna adopts a stepped gradual change horn and cross grid structure, and the impedance matching of the horn antenna can be realized by adjusting the size and the height of the opening surface of each step of the stepped horn;
Specifically, the wave resistance of the guided mode corresponding to the size and the length of the waveguide is calculated according to the following calculation formula:
Wherein E u、Ev transverse electric field, H u、Hv transverse magnetic field, epsilon and mu are dielectric constant and magnetic permeability of medium respectively, omega is angular frequency, beta and kappa variable constants, lambda and lambda c are working wavelength and cut-off wavelength respectively; as an inherent impedance of the medium, to air impedance
It can be seen from the above equation that for the square array antenna of the present invention, the condition that the antenna radiates and matches inside the radiation cavity is that the impedance transformation matches from 50Ω to 376.7 Ω.
The condition that grating lobes do not appear in the array is:
where d is the spacing between unit antennas, λ is the wavelength in free space corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna (i.e., the operating wavelength of the antenna), and θ is the scan angle of the antenna. When the antenna is not scanning, θ=0, and the condition that grating lobes do not occur is:
d<λ
For the radiation port face 1 of the square antenna of the invention, the conditions for wave transmission are as follows:
λ<2L
where L is the length of the radiation entrance face 1.
The circular polarizer of the invention is provided with two input ports and one output port, wherein the input port is composed of two identical rectangular waveguide ports, and the output port is a square waveguide. By adding an additional metal straight baffle and simultaneously exciting the two input ports in proper phase relation, linear polarization or circular polarization with any inclination angle can be generated. As in the four-terminal network shown in fig. 3, a relationship between network parameters is established for symmetry of the structure.
For this structure, the traveling wave can be described inside the cavity as being defined as a i and b i (where i=1, 2,3, 4), where a i and b i (where i=1, 2,3, 4) the incident and reflected wave amplitudes.
When the even mode is excited in the rectangular waveguide region (i.e., a 1＝a2＝1,a3＝a4 =0), the electric field and magnetic field in the upper and lower rectangular waveguides are distributed identically, but the current phase directions on the two sidewalls are opposite. Thus, the metal slots located on the common wall between the two waveguides do not interfere with the field distribution in the waveguides. The direction of current flow in the conductors is fixed, so that if the direction of current flow in the two conductors is opposite, the direction of current flow in the first conductor is opposite to the direction of current flow in the second conductor, i.e. 180 out of phase, with amplitude cancellation. In practice, propagation of the even mode wave may transfer all the energy into the TE10 mode of the rectangular waveguide.
When an odd mode is excited in the rectangular waveguide region (i.e. a 1＝1,a2＝-1,a3＝a4 = 0), the upper and lower waveguides are inverted compared to the even mode case. The current is distributed on the top and bottom surface sidewalls in the same direction and the slot on the lower sidewall, which causes field disturbances, resulting in mode coupling and reflection. Thus, the odd mode energy transfers part to the TE01 mode in the square wave guide and part;
Specifically, the power reflected back to the input port and the power coupled to the non-stimulated input port are calculated as:
the calculation formula of the relative amplitude and phase to determine the axial ratio and the principal axis inclination angle of the elliptically polarized wave is as follows:
Where Γ is the reflection coefficient of the odd mode excitation, b i (i=1) represents the power reflected back to the input port (also denoted by standing wave ratio VSWR), and b i (i=2) represents the power coupling to the non-excited input, which determines the isolation between the ports. The relative amplitudes and phases of b i (i=3) and b i (i=4) determine the axial ratio and the principal axis tilt of the elliptically polarized wave.
For a perfectly circularly polarized wave, b i (i=3) and b i (i=4) must be equal in amplitude and phase difference to 90 °. Therefore, it is essential in the design process to find the minimum value of the reflection coefficient of Γ excited in the odd mode, and the output phase angle is as close to 90 ° as possible.
The invention verifies that 8×8 unit groups are formed to form 64 unit array antennas, the array antennas can cover K/Ka frequency bands and have 4 ports (the K/Ka frequency bands are all left and right rotated), port standing waves are all within 1.5, the circular polarization axis ratio is less than 1.0, the antenna gain is greater than 26dB, and the port isolation is greater than 55dB. The left-right rotation input port is formed by combining a SISL feed network with a metal cavity, so that TE 01-quasi-TEM mode-TE 01/TE10 mode conversion and energy transfer are completed. In summary, the wideband dual circularly polarized antenna of the present invention has the characteristics of high gain, high efficiency and low axial ratio.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the present invention may occur to one skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention and are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
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| CN202411687210.2A CN119542747A (en) | 2024-11-25 | 2024-11-25 | A K/Ka band broadband dual circularly polarized antenna for low-orbit satellite communications |
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| CN202411687210.2A CN119542747A (en) | 2024-11-25 | 2024-11-25 | A K/Ka band broadband dual circularly polarized antenna for low-orbit satellite communications |
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-
2024
- 2024-11-25 CN CN202411687210.2A patent/CN119542747A/en active Pending
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| US4929959A (en) * | 1988-03-08 | 1990-05-29 | Communications Satellite Corporation | Dual-polarized printed circuit antenna having its elements capacitively coupled to feedlines |
| EP0437190A2 (en) * | 1990-01-10 | 1991-07-17 | International Telecommunications Satellite Organization | Polarization converter application for accessing linearly polarized satellites with single- or dual-circularly polarized earth station antennas |
| CN106356640A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-25 | 电子科技大学 | Broadband dual circularly polarized planar waveguide array antenna |
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| JIE WU ET AL: ""A wideband dual circularly polarized full-corporate waveguide array antenna fed by triple-resonant cavities"", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION》, vol. 65, no. 4, 22 November 2016 (2016-11-22), pages 2135 - 2139, XP011644850, DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2016.2631953 * |
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