CN119510264B - A targeted drilling mud annular film formation simulation device and method - Google Patents
A targeted drilling mud annular film formation simulation device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种靶向钻进泥浆环向成膜模拟装置及方法，装置包括支架、模拟井体与密封套筒，模拟井体设在支架上且具有俯仰行程；模拟井体包括第一井腔、第二井腔、环状滤失腔体与泥膜渗透性测试腔体，环状滤失腔体为刚性滤网状半合筒结构，泥膜渗透性测试腔体为刚性半合筒结构，其中一半筒体上有滤网结构；环状滤失腔体的第一端与第一井腔相连，第二端与第二井腔的开口端相连；密封套筒覆盖环状滤失腔体。本发明应用于靶向钻进领域，可更换模拟地层材料实现不同地层条件的模拟、进行不同角度和不同泥浆压力条件下靶向钻进时空间环向泥膜的生成试验，更真实模拟靶向钻进中泥膜在空间维度的形成以及不同空间区域泥膜的渗透性试验。
The present invention discloses a device and method for simulating annular film formation of mud in targeted drilling. The device includes a support, a simulated well body and a sealing sleeve. The simulated well body is arranged on the support and has a pitch stroke. The simulated well body includes a first well cavity, a second well cavity, an annular filtration cavity and a mud film permeability test cavity. The annular filtration cavity is a rigid filter mesh-shaped semi-cylinder structure. The mud film permeability test cavity is a rigid semi-cylinder structure, wherein a filter mesh structure is provided on one half of the cylinder. The first end of the annular filtration cavity is connected to the first well cavity, and the second end is connected to the open end of the second well cavity. The sealing sleeve covers the annular filtration cavity. The present invention is applied to the field of targeted drilling. The simulated formation material can be replaced to realize the simulation of different formation conditions, and the generation test of spatial annular mud film during targeted drilling at different angles and under different mud pressure conditions can be performed. The formation of mud film in spatial dimension in targeted drilling and the permeability test of mud film in different spatial regions can be more realistically simulated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of targeted drilling, in particular to a device and a method for simulating circumferential film formation of targeted drilling mud.
Background
The target drilling technology enables the drill bit to drill according to the designed track by controlling the rotation and the inclination angle of the drill bit, and realizes drilling tracks in different directions such as curves, horizontal and vertical directions. The important reason for causing the instability of the well wall in the targeted drilling process is that free water in slurry enters the stratum in a large amount, so that hydrophilic substances in the stratum are quickly combined with water, the strength of soil layers or rocks in the stratum is reduced, and further accidents such as jamming of the well are caused. The mud film formed on the well wall by the mud can reduce the penetration of free water of the mud, and has an important effect on maintaining the stability of the well wall. The permeability of the mud film is an important index for evaluating the performance of the mud film, and the thinner and denser the mud film is, the lower the permeability is, and the diffusion of free water in mud into the stratum can be effectively prevented.
At present, a circular planar mud film formed by mud in the vertical direction is obtained based on a traditional static pressure filtration device, the preparation of a space circumferential mud film formed in drilling and the permeability test of the space circumferential mud film are not clear, and no standard exists in the industry. Therefore, the preparation device capable of simulating the circumferential mud film and the test analysis method of the permeability of the circumferential mud film during drilling in different drilling inclination angles and different stratum conditions are developed, and have important significance for maintaining the stability of a well wall in a targeted drilling process, reducing accidents in the well and improving the drilling work efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a circumferential film forming simulation device and method for targeted drilling mud, which can more truly simulate the formation of a mud film in space dimension in drilling and provide a basis for the formation process and mechanism of the mud film in drilling.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a circumferential film forming simulation device for a target drilling mud, which comprises a bracket, a simulation well body and a sealing sleeve, wherein the simulation well body is arranged on the bracket and has a pitching stroke on the bracket;
The simulated well body comprises a first well cavity, a second well cavity, an annular fluid loss cavity and a mud membrane permeability test cavity, wherein the annular fluid loss cavity is of an openable rigid filter screen-shaped semi-closed cylinder structure, and the first well cavity and the second well cavity are both of cylindrical structures with one ends open;
The first end of the annular fluid loss cavity is in sealing connection with the opening end of the first well cavity, the second end of the annular fluid loss cavity is in sealing connection with the opening end of the second well cavity, and the inner diameter of the annular fluid loss cavity is larger than the inner diameters of the first well cavity and the second well cavity;
The mud film permeability test cavity is of an openable rigid semi-closed cylinder structure, the middle part of a semi-cylinder body of the mud film permeability test cavity is provided with a filter screen structure, the inner diameter of a filter screen-free structure part is the same as that of the first well cavity and the second well cavity, and the inner diameter of the filter screen structure part is the same as that of the annular fluid loss cavity;
The sealing sleeve is sleeved at the opening ends of the first well cavity and the second well cavity, and the sealing sleeve covers the annular fluid loss cavity;
The first well cavity or the second well cavity is provided with a pressurizing mechanism and a liquid adding mechanism, and the sealing sleeve is provided with a water filtering mechanism.
In one embodiment, the annular fluid loss chamber comprises two rigid semi-cylindrical screens;
the first side edges of the two rigid semi-cylinder filter screens are hinged through hinges, and the second side edges of the two rigid semi-cylinder filter screens are detachably connected through buckles or bolts.
In one embodiment, the mud membrane permeability test cavity comprises two rigid half cylinders, wherein one rigid half cylinder is provided with the filter screen structure;
the first side edges of the two rigid semi-cylinders are hinged through a hinge, and the second side edges of the two rigid semi-cylinders are detachably connected through a buckle or a bolt.
In one embodiment, a first annular groove is formed in the opening end of the first well cavity, and a first sealing ring is arranged in the first annular groove;
The opening end of the second well cavity is provided with a second annular groove, and a second sealing ring is arranged in the second annular groove;
The first end of the annular fluid loss cavity is embedded into the first annular groove and tightly presses the first sealing ring, and the second end of the annular fluid loss cavity is embedded into the second annular groove and tightly presses the second sealing ring.
In one embodiment, a third annular groove is formed in the outer wall of the first well cavity, and a third sealing ring is arranged in the third annular groove;
the first end of the sealing sleeve is connected with the first well cavity through a plurality of first bolts distributed in the circumferential direction and compresses the third sealing ring;
A fourth annular groove is formed in the outer wall of the second well cavity, and a fourth sealing ring is arranged in the fourth annular groove;
the second end of the sealing sleeve is connected with the second well cavity through a plurality of second bolts distributed in the circumferential direction, and the fourth sealing ring is tightly pressed.
In one embodiment, the pressurizing mechanism comprises a gas cylinder, an air inlet valve and an air inlet pipe;
One end of the air inlet pipe is connected with the air storage bottle, and the other end of the air inlet pipe penetrates through the center of the closed end of the first well cavity or the second well cavity and then is communicated with the well cavity of the simulation well body;
the air inlet valve is arranged on the air inlet pipe.
In one embodiment, the liquid adding mechanism comprises a mud pit, a mud injection valve and a mud pipe;
One end of the mud pipe is connected with the mud pit, and the other end of the mud pipe penetrates through the first well cavity or the second well cavity and then is communicated with the well cavity of the simulation well body;
The mud injection valve is arranged on the mud pipe.
In one embodiment, the water filtering mechanism comprises a water filtering pipe and a water filtering measuring cylinder;
One end of the water filtering pipe is connected to the wall of the bottom of the sealing sleeve and is communicated with the inner cavity of the sealing sleeve, and the other end of the water filtering pipe is positioned right above the water filtering measuring cylinder.
In one embodiment, the targeted drilling mud circumferential film forming simulation device further comprises an upper computer and a plurality of seepage pressure sensors;
The seepage pressure sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the annular fluid loss cavity, a plurality of uniformly distributed seepage pressure sensors are arranged in the same circumference of the annular fluid loss cavity, and a plurality of uniformly distributed seepage pressure sensors are also arranged in the axial direction of the annular fluid loss cavity;
Each seepage pressure sensor is connected with the upper computer through a cable wire, and the cable wire passes through the sealing sleeve, the first well cavity or the second well cavity.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention also provides a targeted drilling mud circumferential film forming method, which adopts the targeted drilling mud circumferential film forming simulation device, and the targeted drilling mud circumferential film forming method comprises the following steps:
step 101, after arranging pressure seepage sensors uniformly distributed circumferentially and axially on the inner wall of the annular fluid loss cavity, filling a simulated stratum required by a test on the inner wall of the annular fluid loss cavity, so that the inner wall of the simulated stratum is flush with the inner walls of the first well cavity and the second well cavity;
102, sealing and connecting an annular fluid loss cavity with a first well cavity and a second well cavity to form a simulated well body and connecting a cable between a pressure seepage sensor and an upper computer;
Step 103, after the sealing sleeve, the pressurizing mechanism, the liquid adding mechanism and the water filtering mechanism are installed, adjusting the pitching angle of the simulated well body on the bracket to the simulated drilling angle required by the test;
104, setting a time interval between the output pressure of the pressurizing mechanism and the pressure data acquired by the upper computer, injecting slurry required by an experiment prepared in advance into a well cavity of the simulation well body through the liquid adding mechanism, and stopping injection after the whole well cavity is filled;
step 105, starting a pressurizing mechanism, opening a water filtering mechanism to start a film forming test, and timing at the same time;
Step 106, after the film forming test is finished, closing the pressurizing mechanism and releasing redundant gas, removing the sealing sleeve and taking out the annular fluid loss cavity with the simulated stratum and the annular mud film;
step 107, cutting the simulated stratum and the annular mud film into units with two semi-cylindrical structures along the opening line of the annular fluid loss cavity, opening the annular fluid loss cavity, respectively taking out two simulated stratum units with the mud film, and recording test data;
Step 108, after changing the performance parameters of the simulated stratum, carrying out steps 101 to 107 again to obtain different test schemes, recording test data, and analyzing the characteristics and influencing factors of the annular mud film of the space;
the analysis space annular mud film characteristic and the influencing factors specifically comprise the following steps:
Step 201, cutting two simulated stratum units with mud films obtained under the condition of setting the inclination angle of a drilling hole into a plurality of mud film stratum samples along the axial direction, wherein the size of the mud film stratum samples is the same as that of a filter screen structure on a mud film permeability test cavity;
Step 202, selecting a mud film stratum sample to be filled on the inner wall of a filter screen structure of a mud film permeability test cavity, and then sealing and connecting the mud film permeability test cavity with a first well cavity and a second well cavity to form a simulated well body and connecting a cable between a pressure seepage sensor and an upper computer;
step 203, after the sealing sleeve, the pressurizing mechanism, the liquid adding mechanism and the water filtering mechanism are installed, adjusting the pitching angle of the simulated well body on the bracket to the horizontal of the simulated well body;
204, setting a time interval between the output pressure of the pressurizing mechanism and the pressure data acquired by the upper computer, injecting water into the well cavity of the simulated well body through the liquid adding mechanism, and stopping injection after the whole well cavity is filled;
step 205, starting a pressurizing mechanism, opening a water filtering mechanism to start a fluid loss test, and timing at the same time;
Step 206, after the filtration test is finished, closing the pressurizing mechanism and releasing redundant gas, taking out a mud film stratum sample and recording the permeation quantity of the mud film stratum sample;
Step 207, selecting the next mud film stratum sample, and repeating steps 202-206 until all mud film stratum samples complete the penetration test, so as to analyze the penetration characteristics of the mud film in different space areas.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. The invention not only can flexibly change simulated stratum materials to realize simulation of different stratum conditions and carry out generation tests of the space circumferential mud film when drilling under different angles and different mud pressure conditions, but also can more truly simulate the formation of the mud film in space dimension in the targeted drilling, can monitor pore water pressure change generated when mud is filtered in different directions, and provides basis for the formation process and mechanism of the mud film in the targeted drilling;
2. According to the invention, the simulated well body is arranged to be of a split structure, and the sealing sleeve is matched, so that free water in the well cavity can only flow out from the annular fluid loss cavity, the assembly of the film forming device and the replacement of simulated stratum materials are facilitated, and the structural composition of the film forming device is simplified and the cost is reduced under the condition that the sealing kettle [1] [2] is not used;
3. According to the invention, the annular filtration cavity is provided with the openable rigid screen-shaped semi-closed cylinder structure, so that the simulated stratum and the annular mud membrane can be cut into two blocks along the opening line of the annular filtration cavity before the mud membrane is taken out, namely, the annular mud membrane is taken out after being cut into a plane shape, and the damage of the mud membrane is effectively avoided;
4. The mud film permeability test cavity provided by the invention can be used for respectively carrying out permeability tests on mud films generated in different space regions, and provides a basis for researching the generation mechanism and the permeability characteristic change rule of the space circumferential mud film.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a targeted drilling mud circumferential film forming simulation device in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the annular fluid loss chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals comprise a first well cavity 1, a first end cover 101, a second well cavity 2, a second end cover 201, an annular fluid loss cavity 3, a rigid semi-cylindrical filter screen 301, a sealing sleeve 4, a first bolt 401, a second bolt 402, a first sealing ring 5, a second sealing ring 6, a third sealing ring 7, a fourth sealing ring 8, a gas cylinder 9, an air inlet valve 10, an air inlet pipe 11, a mud tank 12, a mud injection valve 13, a mud pipe 14, a water filtering pipe 15, a water filtering measuring cylinder 16, an upper computer 17, a seepage pressure sensor 18 and a cable 19.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear are used in the embodiments of the present invention) are merely for explaining the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, and the like between the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicators are changed accordingly.
Furthermore, descriptions such as those referred to as "first," "second," and the like, are provided for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implying an order of magnitude of the indicated technical features in the present disclosure. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "fixed" and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "fixed" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection or an integral body, may be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a physical connection or a wireless communication connection, may be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, may be a communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements, unless explicitly specified otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to be based on the fact that those skilled in the art can implement the technical solutions, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be implemented, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered as not existing, and not falling within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a simulation device for circumferential film formation of a targeted drilling mud, which mainly comprises a bracket, a simulation well body and a sealing sleeve 4. The support is a pitching frame and comprises a fixed base and a support hinged on the base, an oil cylinder is hinged between the base and the support, and the support performs pitching action on the base along with the expansion and contraction of the oil cylinder. The simulated well body is fixedly arranged on the support, namely the simulated well body has the freedom degree of pitching along with the support on the support, so that the generation environment of the space annular mud film during drilling under different angle conditions can be simulated.
In this embodiment, the simulation well body includes a first well cavity 1, a second well cavity 2, an annular fluid loss cavity 3 and a mud membrane permeability test cavity, the annular fluid loss cavity 3 is an openable rigid screen-shaped semi-closed cylinder structure, and the first well cavity 1 and the second well cavity 2 are both cylindrical structures with one end open. The first end of the annular fluid loss cavity 3 is connected with the opening end of the first well cavity 1 in a sealing way, the second end of the annular fluid loss cavity 3 is connected with the opening end of the second well cavity 2 in a sealing way, the inner diameter of the annular fluid loss cavity 3 is larger than that of the first well cavity 1 and the second well cavity 2, the sealing sleeve 4 is sleeved at the opening ends of the first well cavity 1 and the second well cavity 2, and the sealing sleeve 4 covers the annular fluid loss cavity 3. During the test, the annular fluid loss cavity 3 can be opened, and then the inner wall of the annular fluid loss cavity 3 is filled with the simulated stratum required by the test, so that the operation is facilitated, and the thickness consistency of the simulated stratum at each position of the annular fluid loss cavity 3 is ensured. The first well cavity 1 or the second well cavity 2 is provided with a pressurizing mechanism and a liquid adding mechanism, and the sealing sleeve 4 is provided with a water filtering mechanism. The liquid adding mechanism is used for injecting slurry into the well cavity of the simulation well body, the pressurizing mechanism is used for adjusting the well cavity pressure of the simulation well body, and the water filtering mechanism is used for discharging free water seeping from the simulation stratum.
The mud film permeability test cavity is of an openable rigid semi-closed cylinder structure, the middle part of a semi-cylinder body of the mud film permeability test cavity is provided with a filter screen structure, and the axial length of the mud film permeability test cavity is the same as that of the annular fluid loss cavity 3. Specifically, the mud membrane permeability test cavity comprises two rigid half-cylinders, wherein one rigid half-cylinder is provided with a filter screen structure. The first side edges of the two rigid half-cylinders are hinged through a hinge, and the second side edges of the two rigid half-cylinders are detachably connected through a buckle or a bolt. In the mud membrane permeability test cavity, the inner diameter of the filter screen-free structure part is the same as the inner diameters of the first well cavity and the second well cavity, and the inner diameter of the filter screen structure part is the same as the inner diameter of the annular fluid loss cavity. After the mud film generation experiment is completed, the simulated stratum with the mud film in the annular fluid loss cavity 3 is cut into a plurality of parts along the axial direction according to the size of the filter screen structure on the mud film permeability test cavity, each part of simulated stratum sample with the mud film is sequentially placed on the inner wall of the filter screen structure of the mud film permeability test cavity, and the annular fluid loss cavity 3 is replaced by the mud film permeability test cavity, so that the targeted drilling mud circumferential film forming simulation device can be used for mud film permeability test, and the permeability characteristics of mud films at different spatial positions are analyzed.
Referring to fig. 2, the annular fluid loss chamber 3 includes two rigid semi-cylindrical filter screens 301, a first side of the two rigid semi-cylindrical filter screens 301 are hinged by a hinge, and a second side of the two rigid semi-cylindrical filter screens 301 are detachably connected by a buckle or a latch. In this embodiment, the annular fluid loss cavity 3 is formed by using two mutually hinged rigid semi-cylindrical filter screens 301, which is not only convenient for filling the simulated stratum, but also can directly cut the annular simulated stratum and the mud membrane by using the opening of the annular fluid loss cavity 3 after the mud membrane is generated, i.e. the annular mud membrane is taken out after being cut into a planar shape, thereby effectively avoiding the damage of the mud membrane.
In this embodiment, the open end of the first well cavity 1 is provided with a first annular groove, a first sealing ring 5 is arranged in the first annular groove, the open end of the second well cavity 2 is provided with a second annular groove, and a second sealing ring 6 is arranged in the second annular groove. The first end of the annular fluid loss chamber 3 is embedded into the first annular groove and compresses the first sealing ring 5, and the second end of the annular fluid loss chamber 3 is embedded into the second annular groove and compresses the second sealing ring 6. Meanwhile, a third annular groove is formed in the outer wall of the first well cavity 1, a third sealing ring 7 is arranged in the third annular groove, and the first end of the sealing sleeve 4 is connected with the first well cavity 1 through a plurality of circumferentially distributed first bolts 401 and compresses the third sealing ring 7. A fourth annular groove is formed in the outer wall of the second well cavity 2, a fourth sealing ring 8 is arranged in the fourth annular groove, and the second end of the sealing sleeve 4 is connected with the second well cavity 2 through a plurality of second bolts 402 distributed in the circumferential direction and compresses the fourth sealing ring 8. Through setting up the simulation well body into split structure, cooperation sealed sleeve 4 for the free water in the well cavity can only flow out from annular fluid loss cavity 3, not only be convenient for the equipment of film forming device and the change of simulation stratum material, can also simplify the structure constitution of film forming device under the condition that does not use sealed cauldron, reduce cost. The mud film permeability testing cavity is respectively provided with annular protrusions corresponding to the first annular groove and the second annular groove, so that the mud film permeability testing cavity can replace the annular fluid loss cavity 3 to realize sealing connection with the first well cavity 1 and the second well cavity 2.
In a specific implementation process, the closed end of the first well cavity 1 is a first end cover 101 which is connected and detachable through threads, the closed end of the second well cavity 2 is a second end cover 201 which is connected and detachable through threads, and the first well cavity 1 and the second well cavity 2 are arranged to be of a split structure so as to clean the first well cavity 1 and the second well cavity 2. The pressurizing mechanism comprises a gas storage bottle 9, an air inlet valve 10 and an air inlet pipe 11, one end of the air inlet pipe 11 is connected with the gas storage bottle 9, the other end of the air inlet pipe 11 penetrates through the center position of the first end cover 101 or the second end cover 201 and then is communicated with a well cavity of the simulation well body, and the air inlet valve 10 is arranged on the air inlet pipe 11. The air inlet valve 10 is opened, so that high-pressure gas in the gas storage bottle 9 can be introduced into the well cavity of the simulation well body, and different stratum pressures required by the test are met. In this embodiment, the pressurizing mechanism may provide a formation pressure in the range of 0mpa to 5.0mpa.
In the specific implementation process, the liquid adding mechanism comprises a mud pit 12, a mud injection valve 13 and a mud pipe 14, one end of the mud pipe 14 is connected with the mud pit 12, the other end of the mud pipe passes through the first well cavity 1 or the second well cavity 2 and then is communicated with the well cavity of the simulation well body, the mud injection valve 13 is arranged on the mud pipe 14, and mud in the mud pit 12 can be introduced into the well cavity of the simulation well body by opening the mud injection valve 13.
In the concrete implementation process, the water filtering mechanism comprises a water filtering pipe 15 and a water filtering barrel 16, one end of the water filtering pipe 15 is connected to the barrel wall at the bottom of the sealing sleeve 4 and is communicated with the inner cavity of the sealing sleeve 4, and the other end of the water filtering pipe 15 is positioned right above the water filtering barrel 16, so that the free water filtration loss in the test process can be measured.
As a preferred embodiment, the circumferential film forming simulation device for the target drilling mud also comprises an upper computer 17 and a plurality of seepage pressure sensors 18, wherein the seepage pressure sensors 18 are arranged on the inner wall of the annular fluid loss cavity 3, a plurality of uniformly distributed seepage pressure sensors 18 are arranged in the same circumference of the annular fluid loss cavity 3, a plurality of uniformly distributed seepage pressure sensors 18 are also arranged in the axial direction of the annular fluid loss cavity 3, each seepage pressure sensor 18 is electrically connected with the upper computer 17 through a cable, the cable 19 passes through the sealing sleeve 4, the first well cavity 1 or the second well cavity 2, and the pressure change after the mud fluid loss can be monitored by utilizing the upper computer 17 and the seepage pressure sensors 18 so as to facilitate the analysis of subsequent test results.
On the basis of the above-mentioned circumferential film forming simulation device for the target drilling mud, the embodiment also discloses a circumferential film forming method for the target drilling mud, which mainly comprises the following steps:
Opening the annular fluid loss cavity 3, arranging pressure seepage sensors uniformly distributed circumferentially and axially on the inner wall of the annular fluid loss cavity 3, and then filling a simulated stratum with 10% sand content on the inner wall of the annular fluid loss cavity 3 to enable the inner wall of the simulated stratum to be flush with the inner walls of the first well cavity 1 and the second well cavity 2;
After the first sealing ring 5 and the second sealing ring 6 are installed, the annular fluid loss cavity 3 is connected with the first well cavity 1 and the second well cavity 2 in a sealing way to form a simulation well body, and meanwhile, a cable 19 between the pressure seepage sensor and the upper computer 17 is connected;
after the third sealing ring 7 and the fourth sealing ring 8 are installed, the sealing sleeve 4 is fixedly connected with the first well cavity 1 and the second well cavity 2 through the first bolt 401 and the second bolt 402, the pressurizing mechanism, the liquid adding mechanism and the water filtering mechanism are respectively connected, and then the pitching angle of the simulated well body on the support is adjusted to be 0 degree of the simulated drilling angle required by the test;
Setting the output pressure of the pressurizing mechanism to be 0.5MPa, setting the time interval for the upper computer 17 to collect pressure data to be 0.1s, injecting the slurry required by the test prepared in advance into the well cavity of the simulation well body through the liquid adding mechanism, and stopping injection after filling the whole well cavity;
Starting a pressurizing mechanism, opening a water filtering mechanism to start a test, and timing at the same time;
After the film forming test is finished, closing the pressurizing mechanism and releasing redundant gas, removing the sealing sleeve 4 and taking out the annular fluid loss cavity 3 with the simulated stratum and the annular mud film;
Cutting the simulated stratum and the annular mud film into two units with a semi-cylindrical structure along the opening line of the annular fluid loss cavity 3, opening the annular fluid loss cavity 3 to obtain two simulated stratum units with the mud film, and recording test data;
After the performance parameters, the device angle and the set pressure of the simulated stratum are changed, the steps are carried out again to obtain different test schemes and record test data, the characteristics of the annular mud film of the space and influencing factors are analyzed, for example, the sand content of the simulated stratum is changed to 15% and 20%, the stratum pressure is changed to 0.6MPa, 0.8MPa and 1MPa, and the device angle is changed to 30 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees.
In the implementation process, if the cable 19 needs to pass through the sealing sleeve 4, the cable 19 is led out of the simulation well body in the step 3, and then the cable 19 is led out of the sealing sleeve 4 in the step 4 of installing the sealing sleeve 4 and then connected with an upper computer.
In this embodiment, the process of analyzing the characteristics of the annular mud film in the space and the influencing factors according to the data recorded in the test is specifically as follows:
After steps 1-7 in the above embodiments are performed under the conditions of drilling inclination angles of set angles (for example, 0 °, 30 °, 60 ° and 90 °), two simulated stratum units with mud films are uniformly divided into 6 samples of mud film stratum along the axial direction, and serial numbers are A, B, C, D, E and F in sequence, and corresponding spatial positions of each sample are recorded;
cutting off the divided mud film stratum sample A, filling the mud film stratum sample A into a filter screen of a mud film permeability test cavity, and replacing the annular fluid loss cavity with the mud film permeability test cavity with the mud film stratum sample A;
Setting the output pressure of the pressurizing mechanism to be 0.7MPa, injecting clear water into the simulated shaft cavity through the liquid adding mechanism, and stopping injection after filling the whole shaft cavity;
Starting a pressurizing mechanism and opening a water filtering mechanism to start a test, and timing for 5 minutes;
Closing the pressurizing mechanism and releasing redundant gas after 5 minutes, taking out a mud film stratum sample A to finish a penetration test, and recording the penetration amount of the sample A within 5 minutes;
Repeating the above operation to complete the permeation test of the residual mud film stratum samples B, C, D, E and F, so that the permeation characteristics of the mud films at different spatial positions can be analyzed.
According to the test steps, the test schemes of setting different formation pressures, formation pressure fluctuation and different simulated formations can be also considered, and the microscopic morphology and structural characteristics of the annular mud film can be explored by carrying out a scanning electron microscope test on the annular mud film.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all the equivalent structural changes made by the description and drawings of the present invention or the direct/indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The circumferential film forming simulation device for the target drilling mud is characterized by comprising a support, a simulation well body and a sealing sleeve, wherein the simulation well body is arranged on the support and has a pitching stroke on the support;
The simulated well body comprises a first well cavity, a second well cavity, an annular fluid loss cavity and a mud membrane permeability test cavity, wherein the annular fluid loss cavity is of an openable rigid filter screen-shaped semi-closed cylinder structure, and the first well cavity and the second well cavity are both of cylindrical structures with one ends open;
The first end of the annular fluid loss cavity is in sealing connection with the opening end of the first well cavity, the second end of the annular fluid loss cavity is in sealing connection with the opening end of the second well cavity, and the inner diameter of the annular fluid loss cavity is larger than the inner diameters of the first well cavity and the second well cavity;
The mud film permeability test cavity is of an openable rigid semi-closed cylinder structure, the middle part of a semi-cylinder body of the mud film permeability test cavity is provided with a filter screen structure, the inner diameter of a filter screen-free structure part is the same as that of the first well cavity and the second well cavity, and the inner diameter of the filter screen structure part is the same as that of the annular fluid loss cavity;
The sealing sleeve is sleeved at the opening ends of the first well cavity and the second well cavity, and the sealing sleeve covers the annular fluid loss cavity;
The first well cavity or the second well cavity is provided with a pressurizing mechanism and a liquid adding mechanism, and the sealing sleeve is provided with a water filtering mechanism.
2. The targeted drilling mud circumferential film formation simulation device of claim 1, wherein the annular fluid loss chamber comprises two rigid semi-cylindrical filter screens;
the first side edges of the two rigid semi-cylinder filter screens are hinged through hinges, and the second side edges of the two rigid semi-cylinder filter screens are detachably connected through buckles or bolts.
3. The circumferential film forming simulation device for the targeted drilling mud of claim 1, wherein the mud film permeability test cavity comprises two rigid half-cylinders, wherein one of the rigid half-cylinders is provided with the filter screen structure;
the first side edges of the two rigid semi-cylinders are hinged through a hinge, and the second side edges of the two rigid semi-cylinders are detachably connected through a buckle or a bolt.
4. The circumferential film forming simulation device for the targeted drilling mud, according to claim 1, wherein a first annular groove is formed in the opening end of the first well cavity, and a first sealing ring is arranged in the first annular groove;
The opening end of the second well cavity is provided with a second annular groove, and a second sealing ring is arranged in the second annular groove;
The first end of the annular fluid loss cavity is embedded into the first annular groove and tightly presses the first sealing ring, and the second end of the annular fluid loss cavity is embedded into the second annular groove and tightly presses the second sealing ring.
5. The circumferential film forming simulation device for the targeted drilling mud according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a third annular groove is formed in the outer wall of the first well cavity, and a third sealing ring is arranged in the third annular groove;
the first end of the sealing sleeve is connected with the first well cavity through a plurality of first bolts distributed in the circumferential direction and compresses the third sealing ring;
A fourth annular groove is formed in the outer wall of the second well cavity, and a fourth sealing ring is arranged in the fourth annular groove;
the second end of the sealing sleeve is connected with the second well cavity through a plurality of second bolts distributed in the circumferential direction, and the fourth sealing ring is tightly pressed.
6. The circumferential film formation simulator of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pressurizing mechanism comprises a gas cylinder, an intake valve, and an intake pipe;
One end of the air inlet pipe is connected with the air storage bottle, and the other end of the air inlet pipe penetrates through the center of the closed end of the first well cavity or the second well cavity and then is communicated with the well cavity of the simulation well body;
the air inlet valve is arranged on the air inlet pipe.
7. The circumferential film forming simulator of the targeted drilling mud of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fluid adding mechanism comprises a mud pit, a mud injection valve and a mud pipe;
One end of the mud pipe is connected with the mud pit, and the other end of the mud pipe penetrates through the first well cavity or the second well cavity and then is communicated with the well cavity of the simulation well body;
The mud injection valve is arranged on the mud pipe.
8. The targeted drilling mud circumferential film formation simulation device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the water filtering mechanism comprises a water filtering pipe and a water filtering measuring cylinder;
One end of the water filtering pipe is connected to the wall of the bottom of the sealing sleeve and is communicated with the inner cavity of the sealing sleeve, and the other end of the water filtering pipe is positioned right above the water filtering measuring cylinder.
9. The circumferential film forming simulation device for the targeted drilling mud according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising an upper computer and a plurality of seepage pressure sensors;
The seepage pressure sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the annular fluid loss cavity, a plurality of uniformly distributed seepage pressure sensors are arranged in the same circumference of the annular fluid loss cavity, and a plurality of uniformly distributed seepage pressure sensors are also arranged in the axial direction of the annular fluid loss cavity;
Each seepage pressure sensor is electrically connected with the upper computer through a cable wire, and the cable wire passes through the sealing sleeve, the first well cavity or the second well cavity.
10. A method for forming a film in a targeted drilling mud circumferential direction is characterized in that the device for simulating the film forming in the targeted drilling mud circumferential direction is adopted, the targeted drilling mud circumferential film forming method comprises the following steps:
step 101, after arranging pressure seepage sensors uniformly distributed circumferentially and axially on the inner wall of the annular fluid loss cavity, filling a simulated stratum required by a test on the inner wall of the annular fluid loss cavity, so that the inner wall of the simulated stratum is flush with the inner walls of the first well cavity and the second well cavity;
102, sealing and connecting an annular fluid loss cavity with a first well cavity and a second well cavity to form a simulated well body and connecting a cable between a pressure seepage sensor and an upper computer;
Step 103, after the sealing sleeve, the pressurizing mechanism, the liquid adding mechanism and the water filtering mechanism are installed, adjusting the pitching angle of the simulated well body on the bracket to the simulated drilling angle required by the test;
104, setting a time interval between the output pressure of the pressurizing mechanism and the pressure data acquired by the upper computer, injecting slurry required by an experiment prepared in advance into a well cavity of the simulation well body through the liquid adding mechanism, and stopping injection after the whole well cavity is filled;
step 105, starting a pressurizing mechanism, opening a water filtering mechanism to start a film forming test, and timing at the same time;
Step 106, after the film forming test is finished, closing the pressurizing mechanism and releasing redundant gas, removing the sealing sleeve and taking out the annular fluid loss cavity with the simulated stratum and the annular mud film;
step 107, cutting the simulated stratum and the annular mud film into units with two semi-cylindrical structures along the opening line of the annular fluid loss cavity, opening the annular fluid loss cavity, respectively taking out two simulated stratum units with the mud film, and recording test data;
Step 108, after changing the performance parameters of the simulated stratum, carrying out steps 101 to 107 again to obtain different test schemes, recording test data, and analyzing the characteristics and influencing factors of the annular mud film of the space;
the analysis space annular mud film characteristic and the influencing factors specifically comprise the following steps:
Step 201, cutting two simulated stratum units with mud films obtained under the condition of setting the inclination angle of a drilling hole into a plurality of mud film stratum samples along the axial direction, wherein the size of the mud film stratum samples is the same as that of a filter screen structure on a mud film permeability test cavity;
Step 202, selecting a mud film stratum sample to be filled on the inner wall of a filter screen structure of a mud film permeability test cavity, and then sealing and connecting the mud film permeability test cavity with a first well cavity and a second well cavity to form a simulated well body and connecting a cable between a pressure seepage sensor and an upper computer;
step 203, after the sealing sleeve, the pressurizing mechanism, the liquid adding mechanism and the water filtering mechanism are installed, adjusting the pitching angle of the simulated well body on the bracket to the horizontal of the simulated well body;
204, setting a time interval between the output pressure of the pressurizing mechanism and the pressure data acquired by the upper computer, injecting water into the well cavity of the simulated well body through the liquid adding mechanism, and stopping injection after the whole well cavity is filled;
step 205, starting a pressurizing mechanism, opening a water filtering mechanism to start a fluid loss test, and timing at the same time;
Step 206, after the filtration test is finished, closing the pressurizing mechanism and releasing redundant gas, taking out a mud film stratum sample and recording the permeation quantity of the mud film stratum sample;
Step 207, selecting the next mud film stratum sample, and repeating steps 202-206 until all mud film stratum samples complete the penetration test, so as to analyze the penetration characteristics of the mud film in different space areas.
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| CN108918390A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-11-30 | 河海大学 | The device and method of mud film forming and measurement mud film amounts of consolidation, air inflow |
| CN115327077A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-11 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Drilling fluid dynamic filtration and mud cake quality evaluation simulation device and test method |
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| CN108918390A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-11-30 | 河海大学 | The device and method of mud film forming and measurement mud film amounts of consolidation, air inflow |
| CN115327077A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-11 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Drilling fluid dynamic filtration and mud cake quality evaluation simulation device and test method |
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