CN119508793A - A method and device for comprehensive utilization of carbon capture and energy recovery - Google Patents
A method and device for comprehensive utilization of carbon capture and energy recovery Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/96—Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
- C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
- C07C29/1516—Multisteps
- C07C29/1518—Multisteps one step being the formation of initial mixture of carbon oxides and hydrogen for synthesis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
- F22B35/007—Control systems for waste heat boilers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
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Abstract
本发明提供一种碳捕集综合利用及能量回收方法和装置，包括气体氧化处理发电系统、热量回收系统、碳捕集系统、二氧化碳精制系统、二氧化碳气化系统、碳转化系统和换热系统。本发明通过二氧化碳精制系统处理具有较高浓度二氧化碳气体的原料气，将其转化为高浓度液态二氧化碳进行存储。原料气中的杂质气通过气体氧化处理发电系统燃烧，回收能量为发电机供电。燃烧后的高温气体经过热量回收和换热后进入碳捕集系统，提浓后再次进入二氧化碳精制系统储存；高浓度液态二氧化碳通过气化系统进入碳转化系统，进一步转化为化学品和燃料。本发明实现了对二氧化碳气体的捕集、精制和转化的高效综合利用，同时回收能量，具有降低能耗，提升资源利用率等优点。
The present invention provides a method and device for comprehensive utilization of carbon capture and energy recovery, including a gas oxidation treatment power generation system, a heat recovery system, a carbon capture system, a carbon dioxide refining system, a carbon dioxide gasification system, a carbon conversion system and a heat exchange system. The present invention processes a raw gas with a relatively high concentration of carbon dioxide gas through a carbon dioxide refining system, and converts it into high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide for storage. The impurity gas in the raw gas is burned through the gas oxidation treatment power generation system, and the energy is recovered to power the generator. The high-temperature gas after combustion enters the carbon capture system after heat recovery and heat exchange, and enters the carbon dioxide refining system again for storage after concentration; the high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide enters the carbon conversion system through the gasification system, and is further converted into chemicals and fuels. The present invention realizes the efficient comprehensive utilization of the capture, refining and conversion of carbon dioxide gas, while recovering energy, and has the advantages of reducing energy consumption and improving resource utilization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon capture recycling and energy recovery, in particular to a method and a device for carbon capture comprehensive utilization and energy recovery.
Background
With the increasing global warming and environmental pollution problems, greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions, are one of the global concerns. Carbon emissions are mainly derived from the use of fossil fuels in industrial production, transportation and power plants. The high carbon emissions in these areas are exacerbating global warming and pose a serious threat to the ecological environment. In order to cope with climate change, many countries have established carbon neutralization targets, which strive to reduce carbon emissions.
Carbon capture, utilization and sequestration (CCUS) technology is therefore one of the key technologies in emission abatement strategies, aimed at reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere from the source by capturing and recovering CO 2, and effectively recycling carbon resources.
The existing carbon capturing and utilizing technology mainly comprises a physical absorption method, a chemical absorption method, an adsorption method and a membrane separation technology. Physical absorption methods generally use organic solvents to absorb CO 2, but the operation process consumes high energy and has limited efficiency. Chemical absorption methods, such as the use of amine solvents to absorb CO 2, are currently a relatively widely used technique, but have the disadvantages of easy degradation and corrosiveness of the solvents and greater energy consumption during absorption and regeneration. The adsorption method captures CO 2 through the solid adsorbent, has better selectivity and lower energy consumption, but the adsorbent is easy to saturate and needs to be regenerated frequently. Membrane separation techniques separate CO 2 by selective separation of the membrane, but membrane materials are expensive and prone to contamination. Although the traditional methods can capture carbon dioxide, the traditional methods have the defects of high energy consumption, complex equipment, limited recovery rate and the like, and are difficult to realize large-scale economical carbon capture.
In response to the urgent need for global carbon emission reduction, existing carbon capture technologies are in need of innovation and improvement. In the future technical direction, not only is the efficiency of CO 2 capturing improved, but also the energy consumption and the operation cost are reduced, and more efficient and economical carbon capturing and recycling are realized. Meanwhile, the carbon capture and energy conversion are combined by combining the energy recovery technology, and the captured CO 2 can be converted into valuable energy or chemicals, so that sustainable development is promoted.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a technical solution capable of capturing CO 2 efficiently and realizing energy recovery and comprehensive utilization, so as to meet the increasingly severe carbon emission target and realize effective recycling of resources.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the technical problems, the method and the device for comprehensively utilizing carbon capture and recovering energy are provided. The invention mainly utilizes a carbon dioxide refining system to treat the raw material gas with higher concentration carbon dioxide gas, and converts the raw material gas into high concentration liquid carbon dioxide for storage. The impurity gas in the raw material gas is burnt by the gas oxidation treatment power generation system, and the recovered energy is used for supplying power to the generator. The high-temperature gas after combustion enters a carbon trapping system after heat recovery and heat exchange, enters a carbon dioxide refining system for storage after concentration, and the high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide enters a carbon conversion system through a gasification system for further conversion into chemicals and fuels. Thereby realizing the high-efficiency comprehensive utilization of the capturing, refining and converting of the carbon dioxide gas, recovering energy, and having the advantages of reducing energy consumption, improving resource utilization rate and the like.
The invention adopts the following technical means:
the comprehensive carbon trapping and energy recovering device includes gas oxidizing treatment power generating system, heat recovering system, carbon trapping system, carbon dioxide refining system, carbon dioxide gasifying system, carbon converting system and heat exchanging system,
The raw material gas to be treated enters the device from the carbon dioxide refining system, and the raw material gas is carbon dioxide gas with higher concentration;
The carbon dioxide refining system is used for generating and storing high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide from higher-concentration carbon dioxide gas;
the carbon dioxide refining system is connected with the gas oxidation treatment power generation system and is used for burning and treating the gas containing impurities discharged from the tops of the rectifying tower and the storage tank in the carbon dioxide refining system through a gas turbine of the gas oxidation treatment power generation system, and recovering energy of high-temperature gas generated by oxidation combustion to supply power for the motor generator and the motor;
The gas oxidation treatment power generation system and the heat recovery system are connected with the carbon capture system, the gas after combustion treatment enters the carbon capture system after passing through the heat recovery system and the heat exchange system, and steam generated after reaction is respectively input into the carbon capture system and the carbon dioxide refining system;
The carbon capture system is connected with the carbon dioxide refining system and is used for generating high-concentration carbon dioxide gas from the gas after combustion treatment and inputting the high-concentration carbon dioxide gas and raw material gas into the carbon dioxide refining system;
The carbon dioxide gasification system is connected with the carbon dioxide refining system and the carbon conversion system and is used for generating high-concentration carbon dioxide gas from the stored high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide through the heat exchange system and inputting the high-concentration carbon dioxide gas into the carbon conversion system to generate chemicals and fuels.
Further, the carbon dioxide refining system comprises a steam turbine compressor unit, a desulfurizing tower, a purifying tower, a pre-cooler, a heat exchanger, a liquefier, a refrigerating system, a rectifying tower and a storage tank which are sequentially connected, and the high-concentration carbon dioxide gas is further purified and liquefied through compression, desulfurization purification, cooling liquefaction and rectification processes to obtain high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide, and the high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide is stored in the storage tank.
Further, the gas oxidation treatment power generation system comprises a gas turbine power generation unit, the gas turbine power generation unit comprises a gas turbine, a gas compressor and a motor generator I, the gas compressor compresses air and then generates oxidation combustion reaction with impurity-containing gas discharged from the tops of a rectifying tower and a storage tank in the carbon dioxide refining system in a combustion chamber of the gas turbine, and the generated high-temperature and high-pressure gas drives the motor generator I to generate power.
Further, the device also comprises a combustible gas supplementing system, the combustible gas supplementing system comprises a compressor and a motor, the compressor pressurizes the combustible gas and then generates oxidation combustion reaction with air compressed by the compressor and gas containing impurities discharged from the tops of the rectifying tower and the storage tank in a combustion chamber of the gas turbine, and the generated high-temperature high-pressure gas drives the motor generator I to generate electricity, so that the generated electricity supplies power for the motor.
Further, the impurity gas contained in the raw gas comprises, but is not limited to, hydrogen, hydrocarbon, nitrogen and gas containing VOCs, the combustible gas is one or more hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide or hydrogen gas, and the combustion value of the gas entering the gas turbine is required to meet the combustion requirement in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine.
The heat recovery system is characterized in that the heat recovery system is a waste heat boiler, high-temperature gas exhausted by the gas turbine generates steam through the waste heat boiler and then enters the carbon capture system and the carbon dioxide refining system, and the gas exhausted by the waste heat boiler enters the heat exchange system for heat exchange and then enters the carbon capture system.
The carbon trapping system comprises three processes of alkaline washing desulfurization, absorption and desorption, wherein the alkaline washing desulfurization process adopts a pretreatment tower, the absorption process adopts an absorption tower, the desorption process adopts a desorption tower, the pretreatment tower, the absorption tower and the desorption tower are sequentially connected, wherein the heat of the desorption tower is provided by steam generated by a heat recovery system, the desorption tower is connected with a tower bottom reboiler, the steam exchanges heat through the tower bottom reboiler and is used for heating an absorbent to realize desorption regeneration, and condensed water after heat exchange is conveyed to a heat recovery system.
Further, the carbon dioxide gasification system comprises a booster pump and a pre-cooler, one side of the booster pump is connected with a storage tank of the carbon dioxide refining system, the other side of the booster pump is connected with the pre-cooler, the pre-cooler is connected with the heat exchange gasifier, the booster pump is used for pressurizing stored liquid carbon dioxide to a required pressure and exchanging heat with gas discharged by the heat recovery system through the heat exchange gasifier, and the liquid carbon dioxide is gasified into gas while the temperature of the gas entering the carbon capture system is reduced.
The invention also discloses a carbon capture comprehensive utilization and energy recovery method, which is carried out by adopting the carbon capture comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device and comprises the following steps:
S1, pressurizing raw material gas by a centrifugal compressor, then, introducing the raw material gas into a desulfurizing tower and a purifying tower, desulfurizing and purifying the raw material gas, then, introducing the raw material gas into a rectifying tower and a storage tank by a precooler, a heat exchanger and a liquefier in sequence, and further purifying and liquefying high-concentration carbon dioxide gas by compression, desulfurizing and purifying, cooling and liquefying and rectifying processes to obtain high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide and storing the high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide in the storage tank;
S2, gas containing impurities discharged from the tops of the rectifying tower and the storage tank enters a gas turbine of a gas oxidation treatment power generation system after passing through a heat exchanger, and air compressed by a gas compressor is subjected to oxidation combustion reaction in a combustion chamber of the gas turbine, the generated high-temperature high-pressure gas drives the gas compressor to pressurize the air, and redundant mechanical energy generated by the gas turbine drives a motor generator I to generate power;
s3, generating steam by the high-temperature gas exhausted by the gas turbine through a waste heat boiler and exhausting the gas;
S31, enabling gas discharged by the waste heat boiler to enter a carbon trapping system through heat exchange and temperature reduction of a heat exchange gasifier, enabling the gas to sequentially pass through a pretreatment tower, an absorption tower and a desorption tower, namely trapping and concentrating low-concentration carbon dioxide into higher-concentration carbon dioxide through alkaline washing desulfurization, absorption and desorption processes;
S32, providing one part of steam generated by the waste heat boiler to a desorption tower in the carbon trapping system, heating the absorbent for desorption and regeneration, and providing the other part of steam to a steam turbine compressor unit of the carbon dioxide refining system to generate mechanical energy to drive a centrifugal compressor to compress carbon dioxide, wherein the redundant steam can drive a motor generator II to generate power through a steam turbine and is provided for other electric equipment in the system;
s4, when chemicals and fuels are prepared, the liquid carbon dioxide in the storage tank is converted into carbon dioxide gas through a pressurizing pump, a precooler and a heat exchange gasifier, and the carbon dioxide gas is further converted into the chemicals and the fuels through a carbon conversion system.
Further, in step S2, when the combustion value of the gas entering the gas turbine does not meet the combustion requirement of the combustion chamber of the gas turbine, a flammable gas is introduced to supplement, after the flammable gas is pressurized, the flammable gas and the air compressed by the gas compressor and the gas containing impurities discharged from the top of the rectifying tower and the storage tank are subjected to an oxidative combustion reaction in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine together, the generated high-temperature and high-pressure gas drives the motor generator I to generate electricity, the generated electric energy supplies power to the motor, and the redundant electric energy is supplied to other electric equipment in the system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the carbon trapping comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device provided by the invention can be used for efficiently refining carbon dioxide, and raw material gas with higher concentration carbon dioxide gas can be converted into high concentration liquid carbon dioxide and stored in the storage tank, so that the carbon trapping efficiency is improved, and the secondary emission in the gas treatment process is reduced.
2. According to the carbon capture comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device provided by the invention, in the carbon dioxide refining process, the gas containing impurities is combusted through the gas turbine in the gas oxidation treatment power generation system, so that the impurities in the gas are removed, and the high-temperature gas generated by combustion can be recovered. The gas turbine is applied to the field of clean energy power generation and industrial waste gas treatment of clean technology treatment, and makes a greater contribution to sustainable development of human beings by virtue of high efficiency and low pollution.
3. According to the carbon capture comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device provided by the invention, high-temperature steam generated by combustion is recovered by the heat recovery system to drive the generator and the motor, so that the energy is effectively recovered, the energy consumption of the device is obviously reduced, the device can generate electric power while capturing and treating carbon dioxide, the overall energy efficiency is improved, and the guarantee is provided for the economy of carbon capture.
4. According to the carbon trapping comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device provided by the invention, the gas generated by combustion is further treated through the heat recovery system and the heat exchange system, so that the carbon dioxide in the waste gas is ensured not to be directly discharged, but is converted into high-concentration gas through the carbon trapping system and recycled, the maximum utilization of carbon resources is realized, the pollution discharge to the atmosphere is reduced, and meanwhile, the condition is created for the subsequent refining and conversion of the carbon dioxide.
5. The carbon capture comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device provided by the invention gasifies high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide, and then converts the high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide into valuable chemicals and fuels, such as high-value products of methanol, ethylene, synthesis gas and the like through a carbon conversion system. The carbon dioxide originally treated as exhaust gas is converted into available resources, driving a cyclic economy mode of carbon.
In conclusion, compared with the traditional single carbon capture device, the technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that the high efficiency and the persistence of capturing and refining are ensured through the synergistic effect of multiple systems, and the economic and environmental benefits are higher because of focusing on resource recovery. By carbon conversion, the direct emission of carbon dioxide is reduced, and the influence of greenhouse gases on the climate is further slowed down.
Based on the above reasons, the invention can be widely popularized in the fields of clean energy efficient utilization, power generation, carbon capture and recycling, energy conservation, environmental protection and the like of clean technology treatment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a carbon capture comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a part of a gas oxidation treatment power generation system and a heat recovery system in the carbon capture comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device provided by the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a carbon capturing system in the carbon capturing comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide purification system in the carbon capture and comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a carbon conversion system in the carbon capture integrated utilization and energy recovery device according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1, combustible gas, 2, air, 3, a compressor, 4, a motor, 5, a gas turbine, 6, a gas compressor, 7, a motor generator I, 8, a waste heat boiler, 9, boiler water supply, 10, steam, 11, a heat exchange gasifier, 12, a pretreatment tower, 13, an absorption tower, 14, a vent I, 15, a desorption tower, 16, a tower bottom reboiler, 17, gaseous carbon dioxide, 18, raw gas, 19, a steam turbine, 20, a centrifugal compressor, 21, a motor generator II, 22, a desulfurizing tower, 23, a purifying tower, 24, vent II, 25, a heater, 26, nitrogen, 27, a precooler, 28, a heat exchanger I, 29, a liquefier, 30, a refrigerating system, 31, a rectifying tower, 32, a storage tank, 33, a pressurizing pump, 34, hydrogen, 35, a gaseous carbon dioxide product, 36, a carbon conversion system, 37, chemicals and fuel, 38, a gas-liquid separation tank I, 39, a heat exchanger II, 40, and a gas-liquid separation tank II.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a carbon capture comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device, which comprises a gas oxidation treatment power generation system, a heat recovery system, a carbon capture system, a carbon dioxide refining system, a carbon dioxide gasification system, a carbon conversion system and a heat exchange system, wherein all the devices of the systems are connected through pipelines, lines and the like.
The feed gas 18 to be treated in the present invention is mainly carbon dioxide gas of a relatively high concentration, that is, carbon dioxide gas of a concentration of 80% or more. On the one hand, the high-concentration carbon dioxide gas is generated into high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide through the carbon dioxide refining system and is stored, on the other hand, the impurity gas remained in the stored raw material gas 18 returns to the gas oxidation treatment power generation system to be mixed with the combustible gas 1, enters the gas turbine 5 to be combusted to generate carbon dioxide gas, enters the carbon capture system to be captured and concentrated, and then enters the carbon dioxide refining system to be treated again.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the raw material gas 18 is introduced into the apparatus from the carbon dioxide refining system for generating and storing the higher concentration carbon dioxide gas into the higher concentration liquid carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide refining system comprises a steam turbine compressor unit (consisting of a steam turbine 19, a centrifugal compressor 20 and a motor generator II 21), a desulfurizing tower 22, a purifying tower 23, a pre-cooler 27, a heat exchanger I28, a liquefier 29, a refrigerating system 30, a rectifying tower 31 and a storage tank 32 which are sequentially connected, and the higher concentration carbon dioxide gas is further purified and liquefied to obtain high concentration liquid carbon dioxide (the liquid carbon dioxide with the concentration of more than 99 percent) through compression, desulfurization purification, cooling liquefaction and rectification processes and is stored in the storage tank 32.
Specifically, the raw material gas 18 enters the centrifugal compressor 20, the raw material gas 18 is provided with a low-pressure part and a non-pressure part, after being pressed to more than 2MPa through the centrifugal compressor 20, the raw material gas enters the desulfurizing tower 22 for desulfurization, and then enters the purifying tower 23 for purification, and preferably, the purifying tower 23 can adopt a double-group structure and a grouping working mode, a heater 25 for nitrogen back blowing regeneration is further arranged on one side of the purifying tower 23, nitrogen 26 enters the purifying tower 23 for regeneration after being heated by the heater 25, a group of purifying towers can be selectively closed for regeneration through a valve, the other group is opened for purification, and the device is ensured to operate normally, purified discharged air II24 is discharged out of the purifying tower, and discharged air II24 is mainly nitrogen.
After purification, the raw material gas 18 is subjected to cold energy recovery through the pre-cooler 27 and the heat exchanger I28, and is liquefied by the liquefier 29 to obtain high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide, and then the high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide enters the rectifying tower 31, wherein the liquefier 29 provides cold energy for the high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide through the refrigerating system 30, the gas is liquefied, and the liquid carbon dioxide enters the storage tank 32 from the bottom of the rectifying tower 31 for storage.
The gas containing impurities discharged from the top of the rectifying tower 31 and the carbon dioxide discharged from the top of the storage tank 32 in the carbon dioxide refining system enter the gas turbine 5 of the gas oxidation treatment power generation system through the heat exchanger I28 to be subjected to combustion treatment, and the energy of the high-temperature gas generated by oxidation combustion is recovered to supply power for the motor generator and the motor.
As shown in fig. 2, specifically, the gas oxidation treatment power generation system includes a gas turbine power generation unit, the gas turbine power generation unit includes a gas turbine 5, a compressor 6 and a motor generator I7, the compressor 6 compresses air 2 and generates oxidation combustion reaction in a combustion chamber of the gas turbine 5 together with impurity-containing gas discharged from a rectifying tower 31 and a top of a storage tank 32 in the carbon dioxide refining system, and the generated high-temperature and high-pressure gas drives the motor generator I7 to generate power.
Preferably, when the combustion value of the gas entering the gas turbine 5 does not meet the requirement of combustion in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine 5, the device further comprises a combustible gas supplementing system, the combustible gas supplementing system comprises a compressor 3 and a motor 4, the compressor 3 pressurizes the combustible gas 1 and then generates an oxidative combustion reaction in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine 5 together with the air 2 compressed by the compressor 6 and the gas containing impurities discharged from the top of the rectifying tower 31 and the storage tank 32, and the generated high-temperature and high-pressure gas drives the motor generator I7 to generate electricity, so that the generated electricity supplies power to the motor 4. It will be appreciated that the energy of the gas turbine 5 may be supplied to the motor generator I7 for generating electricity, may be used for supplying electricity to the motor 4, may be used for supplying electricity to the motor generator II 21 in the carbon dioxide refining system, and similarly, the energy of the centrifugal compressor 20 may be supplied to the motor generator II 21 for generating electricity, and if there is a surplus, the surplus energy may be supplied to other electric appliances in the system, that is, as shown by the dotted line part in the figure.
Further, the impurity gas contained in the raw gas 18 includes, but is not limited to, hydrogen, hydrocarbons, nitrogen and VOCs-containing gas, the combustible gas 1 is one or more hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide or hydrogen gas, and the combustible gas 1 and the air 2 are added to meet the combustion requirement of the combustion chamber of the gas turbine 5 after being mixed with the gas discharged from the rectifying tower 31 and the top of the storage tank 32.
In this embodiment, the gas oxidation treatment power generation system and the heat recovery system are connected with the carbon capture system, the heat recovery system comprises a waste heat boiler 8 and boiler water supply 9, the gas turbine 5 is connected with the waste heat boiler 8, heat generated by the gas turbine 5 is generated by the waste heat boiler 8 to generate steam 10, the steam 10 is provided for a desorption tower 15 in the carbon capture system on one hand, a heating absorbent is used for desorption and regeneration, a steam turbine 19 provided for the carbon dioxide refining system on the other hand drives a centrifugal compressor 20, and gas discharged from the waste heat boiler 8 enters the carbon capture system after heat exchange and cooling by a heat exchange gasifier 11.
The carbon trapping system comprises three processes of alkaline washing desulfurization, absorption and desorption, wherein the alkaline washing desulfurization process adopts a pretreatment tower 12, the absorption process adopts an absorption tower 13, and the desorption process adopts a desorption tower 15.
Specifically, the pretreatment tower 12, the absorption tower 13 and the desorption tower 15 are sequentially connected, the top of the absorption tower 13 is connected with a gas-liquid separation tank I38, gas discharged from the top of the absorption tower 13 is directly discharged in a discharged air I14 through the gas-liquid separation tank I38, absorption liquid containing carbon dioxide from the bottom of the absorption tower 13 enters the desorption tower 15 through a heat exchanger II 39 to be desorbed, and the desorbed gaseous carbon dioxide 17 is converged with the raw material gas 18 through a gas-liquid separation tank II 40 and then enters a centrifugal compressor 20 together for pressurization treatment. The heat of the desorption tower 15 is provided by steam 10 generated by the waste heat boiler 8, the desorption tower 15 is connected with a tower bottom reboiler 16, the steam 10 exchanges heat through the tower bottom reboiler 16 and is used for heating the absorbent to realize desorption regeneration, condensed water after heat exchange is conveyed to a heat recovery system, the whole set of system heat is fully utilized, the external energy consumption is saved, and low-cost operation is realized.
The carbon capture system is connected with the carbon dioxide refining system and is used for generating high-concentration carbon dioxide gas from the gas after combustion treatment, and inputting the high-concentration carbon dioxide gas and the raw material gas 18 into the carbon dioxide refining system together to enter a purifying and liquefying process.
The use of the stored high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide is mainly represented by the fact that the carbon dioxide gasification system is connected to the carbon dioxide refining system and the carbon conversion system 36 for generating high-concentration carbon dioxide gas from the stored high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide via a heat exchange system and for feeding the gas into the carbon conversion system for generating chemicals and fuel 37.
Specifically, the carbon dioxide gasification system comprises a pressurizing pump 33 and a pre-cooler 27, wherein one side of the pressurizing pump 33 is connected with a storage tank 32 of the carbon dioxide refining system, the other side of the pressurizing pump 33 is connected with the pre-cooler 27, the pre-cooler 27 is connected with the heat exchange gasifier 11, the pressurizing pump 33 is used for pressurizing stored liquid carbon dioxide to a required pressure, and the pressurizing pump is used for exchanging heat with gas discharged by the heat recovery system through the heat exchange gasifier 11, so that the temperature of the gas entering the carbon capture system is reduced, and meanwhile, the liquid carbon dioxide is gasified into gas.
As shown in fig. 5, the carbon conversion system 36 is used for converting high-purity carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen-containing substances such as hydrogen 34 into chemicals with high added value, fuel 37 and the like through conversion paths and methods such as thermal catalysis, electro-catalysis, photocatalysis and the like, and in this embodiment, the chemical such as methanol is generated by using the gaseous carbon dioxide product 35 and the hydrogen 34 after heat exchange by the heat exchange gasifier 11.
Example 2
The invention also provides a carbon capture comprehensive utilization and energy recovery method, which is carried out by adopting the carbon capture comprehensive utilization and energy recovery device and comprises the following steps:
S1, pressurizing raw material gas 18 by a centrifugal compressor 20, then entering a desulfurizing tower 22 and a purifying tower 23, desulfurizing and purifying, then sequentially entering a rectifying tower 31 and a storage tank 32 by a pre-cooler 27, a heat exchanger I28 and a liquefier 29, and further purifying and liquefying high-concentration carbon dioxide gas by compression, desulfurizing and purifying, cooling and liquefying and rectifying processes to obtain high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide and storing the high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide in the storage tank 31;
S2, gas containing impurities discharged from the tops of the rectifying tower 31 and the storage tank 32 enters the gas turbine 5 of the gas oxidation treatment power generation system after passing through the heat exchanger I28, and the air 2 compressed by the gas compressor 6 is subjected to oxidation combustion reaction in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine 5, so that the generated high-temperature high-pressure gas drives the gas compressor 6 to pressurize the air, and redundant mechanical energy generated by the gas turbine 5 drives the motor generator I7 to generate power;
Preferably, when the combustion value of the gas entering the gas turbine 5 does not meet the combustion requirement of the combustion chamber of the gas turbine 5, the combustible gas 1 is introduced for supplementing, the combustible gas 1 is pressurized and then subjected to oxidation combustion reaction in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine 5 together with the air 2 compressed by the gas compressor 6 and the gas containing impurities discharged from the top of the rectifying tower 31 and the storage tank 32, the generated high-temperature and high-pressure gas drives the motor generator I7 to generate electricity, the generated electricity is supplied to the motor 4, and the redundant electricity is supplied to other electric equipment in the system.
S3, the high-temperature gas exhausted by the gas turbine 5 is used for generating steam 10 through the waste heat boiler 8 and exhausting the gas;
S31, the gas discharged by the waste heat boiler 8 enters a carbon trapping system through heat exchange and temperature reduction of a heat exchange gasifier 11, and the gas sequentially passes through a pretreatment tower 12, an absorption tower 13 and a desorption tower 15, namely, low-concentration carbon dioxide is trapped and concentrated into higher-concentration carbon dioxide through alkaline washing desulfurization, absorption and desorption processes;
S32, providing one part of steam 10 generated by the waste heat boiler 8 to a desorption tower 15 in a carbon capture system, heating an absorbent for desorption and regeneration, and providing the other part of steam to a steam turbine compressor unit of a carbon dioxide refining system to generate mechanical energy to drive a centrifugal compressor 20 to compress carbon dioxide, wherein the redundant steam can drive a motor generator II21 to generate power through a steam turbine and is provided for other electric equipment in the system;
S4, when chemicals and fuels are prepared, the liquid carbon dioxide in the storage tank 32 is converted into carbon dioxide gas through the pressurizing pump 33, the pre-cooler 27 and the heat exchange gasifier 11, and the carbon dioxide gas is further converted into chemicals and fuels 37 through the carbon conversion system.
Example 3
Specifically, when the device is used for treating a feed gas 18 (4500 Nm 3/h), firstly, high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide at the bottom of the rectifying tower 31 enters a storage tank 32 for storage through a carbon dioxide refining system, after energy is recovered from combustible gas components separated from the top of the rectifying tower 31, the high-concentration liquid carbon dioxide is returned to a gas oxidation treatment power generation system, and is converged with 7100Nm 3/h natural gas and then can generate about 24MW through a gas turbine 5, high-temperature tail gas can generate about 9MW through a waste heat boiler 8, after the tail gas carbon dioxide is concentrated through a carbon capturing system, the tail gas carbon dioxide and the feed gas 18 are converged into a carbon dioxide refining system, about 15 ten thousand tons of liquid carbon dioxide is recovered each year, and then about 10 ten thousand tons of methanol can be produced through a carbon conversion system 36.
The following table shows the parameters of the raw material gas in this example.
| Sequence number | Component (A) | Normal content | Remarks |
| 1 | CO2,10-2(v/v) | 94.5 | |
| 2 | H2O,10-2(v/v) | Saturation | |
| 3 | N2,10-2(v/v) | 1.0 | |
| 4 | O2,10-2(v/v) | 0.2 | |
| 5 | CO,10-2(v/v) | 0.9 | |
| 6 | H2,10-2(v/v) | 0.4 | |
| 7 | CH4,10-2(v/v) | 2.5 | |
| 8 | C2H6,10-2(v/v) | 0.5 | |
| 9 | Gas flow Nm 3/h | 4500 | |
| 10 | Gas pressure MPa (G) | 0.05 | |
| 11 | Gas temperature °c | ≤40 |
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, and that various changes, equivalents, modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (10)
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