CN119504309A - Special fertilizer for rapeseed based on the prevention and control of rapeseed sclerotinia and its application - Google Patents
Special fertilizer for rapeseed based on the prevention and control of rapeseed sclerotinia and its application Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN119504309A CN119504309A CN202411650363.XA CN202411650363A CN119504309A CN 119504309 A CN119504309 A CN 119504309A CN 202411650363 A CN202411650363 A CN 202411650363A CN 119504309 A CN119504309 A CN 119504309A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rape
- parts
- chicken manure
- fertilizer
- controlled
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 241000221662 Sclerotinia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 244000188595 Brassica sinapistrum Species 0.000 title 2
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 title 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 241000223259 Trichoderma Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000020706 garlic extract Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000006000 Garlic extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241001558929 Sclerotium <basidiomycota> Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000221696 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011293 Brassica napus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010034133 Pathogen resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008485 antagonism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003124 biologic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002925 chemical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007198 pollen germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010496 root system development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of rape special fertilizer, and discloses rape special fertilizer for preventing and treating sclerotinia rot and application thereof, wherein the rape special fertilizer for preventing and treating sclerotinia rot comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 30-40 parts of urea, 15-25 parts of diammonium phosphate, 10-20 parts of potassium chloride, 20-30 parts of chicken manure, 1-2 parts of borax, 0.5-1 part of zinc sulfate, 5-10 parts of trichoderma biological microbial inoculum, 2-4 parts of garlic extract and 1-3 parts of chitosan. A preparation method of rape special fertilizer for preventing and treating sclerotium disease of rape comprises the following steps of pretreating raw materials, namely crushing urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and chicken manure, and respectively grinding borax and zinc sulfate into fine powder. In the invention, urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium chloride are used for providing basic nutrients, so that the problems of reduced efficacy and even complete loss of the existing rape fertilizer and rape sclerotinia prevention and treatment agent are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rape special fertilizer, in particular to rape special fertilizer for preventing and treating sclerotinia rot of rape and application thereof.
Background
Sclerotinia rot is a very common and serious fungal disease caused by sclerotinia sclerotiorum in rape cultivation. The method mainly damages stems, leaves, flowers and pod of rape, light brown water stain-like lesions appear at stems at the beginning of disease development, then the lesions are gradually enlarged to be grey white, soft rot is generated at the diseased portions when the humidity is high, white hyphae are grown on the surfaces, black mouse manure-like sclerotium is formed in the stems at the later stage, so that rape plants are premature and dead, the yield and quality of the rape are seriously influenced, the rape can occur at all stages of rape growth, especially the disease is heavier at the flowering phase and the pod phase, the propagation and spreading of the rape are facilitated in warm and high-humidity environments, great loss is often brought to the production of rape, and the method is one of the diseases which are mainly controlled in rape production.
The existing rape fertilizer and the raw materials of the medicament for preventing and treating the sclerotinia sclerotiorum have the problem that the chemical effect of the medicament for preventing and treating the sclerotinia sclerotiorum is reduced or even completely lost because chemical reactions or adsorption effects can occur in soil when the prior rape fertilizer and the raw materials of the medicament for preventing and treating the sclerotinia sclerotiorum are applied simultaneously, and the activity, stability and active ingredient release of the medicament are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the special fertilizer for rape based on preventing and treating sclerotinia rot and the application thereof, which solve the problems that the prior rape fertilizer and the prior medicament for preventing and treating sclerotinia rot have incompatible chemical properties, and can generate chemical reaction or adsorption in soil when being applied simultaneously, influence the activity, stability and release of active ingredients of the medicament, so that the medicament for preventing and treating sclerotinia rot has reduced efficacy and even completely lost.
The special fertilizer for rape for preventing and treating sclerotium disease comprises, by weight, 30-40 parts of urea, 15-25 parts of diammonium phosphate, 10-20 parts of potassium chloride, 20-30 parts of chicken manure, 1-2 parts of borax, 0.5-1 part of zinc sulfate, 5-10 parts of trichoderma biological bacterial agents, 2-4 parts of garlic extracts and 1-3 parts of chitosan.
The preparation method of the special rape fertilizer for preventing and treating sclerotinia rot of rape comprises the following steps:
s1, raw material pretreatment, namely crushing urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and chicken manure, respectively grinding borax and zinc sulfate into fine powder, wherein the trichoderma biological microbial inoculum adopts powdery alkali-resistant strains;
S2, mixing and granulating, namely weighing the components of urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, chicken manure, borax, zinc sulfate, garlic extract and chitosan according to a formula, and then putting the components into a stirring granulator to prepare fertilizer granules;
S3, adding the microbial inoculum, namely scattering the trichoderma biological microbial inoculum particles on the surfaces of the fertilizer particles after granulating, and wrapping the trichoderma biological microbial inoculum on the outer layers of the fertilizer particles by using a starch film;
s4, post-treatment, namely drying the coated fertilizer particles, and packaging and warehousing the dried fertilizer particles after passing through a sieving machine.
Preferably, in the step S1, the chicken manure is filled in a composting groove, the height of the chicken manure is not more than 3/4 of the groove depth, then the chicken manure is ventilated through a ventilation pipe, the air quantity is controlled to be 0.05-0.1 cubic meter per minute, the ventilation time is 1-2 hours, the interval time is 2-3 hours, the chicken manure at the bottom and the edge of the composting groove is turned to the upper part for 1-2 months, the rotten chicken manure is obtained, the rotten chicken manure is placed in an air flow dryer, the temperature of the chicken manure is kept at 60-90 ℃ through the air flow dryer, the air speed of the air flow dryer is controlled to be 10-30m/S, the air flow is controlled to be 5-30 minutes, and the water content of the chicken manure is controlled to be 10% -20%, so that the dried rotten chicken manure is formed.
Preferably, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and dried decomposed chicken manure in the step S1 are respectively crushed by an air flow crusher, the feeding speed is guaranteed to be 100-200 kg/h, the air pressure is maintained to be 0.6-0.8 MPa, the air flow is controlled to be 10-30 cubic meters/min, the gas temperature is controlled to be 10-30 ℃, the crushing time is controlled to be 30 seconds to 2 minutes, the particle size of the crushed urea is guaranteed to be 0.5-2 mm, the particle size of the diammonium phosphate is guaranteed to be 0.5-1.5 mm, the particle size of the potassium chloride is guaranteed to be 0.3-1 mm, and the particle size of the chicken manure is 1-3 mm.
Preferably, in the step S2, the stirring time is controlled to be 20-30 minutes, the stirring rotating speed is controlled to be 15-60 revolutions per minute, and the fertilizer particles are granulated by flowing into a granulating chamber through a channel after stirring, and the particle size of the fertilizer particles is controlled to be 2-4 mm.
Preferably, in the step S3, starch in the starch film and water are mixed according to a proportion of 1:5-1:10, the mixture is stirred for 20-30 minutes at 60-80 ℃ and 100-200 r/min in a stirrer to prepare starch paste, and the starch paste is sprayed on the surface of fertilizer particles to form a coating film by using a fluidized bed coating machine at 40-60 ℃ under a spraying pressure of 0.2-0.5 megapascal, wherein the thickness of the coating film is controlled to be 0.1-0.3 millimeter.
Preferably, in the step S4, the fertilizer particles are dried by a dryer, the drying temperature is controlled to be 45-55 ℃ for 25-30 minutes, and the water content is ensured to be 5% -8%.
The special fertilizer for rape based on preventing and treating sclerotinia rot is applied to preventing and treating sclerotinia rot, promoting rape growth and improving rape yield.
The invention provides a special fertilizer for rape based on prevention and treatment of sclerotinia rot of rape and application thereof. The device comprises the following
The beneficial effects are that:
1. According to the invention, urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium chloride are used for providing basic nutrients, chicken manure is used as an organic fertilizer to supplement organic matters, trace elements such as borax and zinc sulfate are used for meeting specific requirements of rape growth, trichoderma biological inoculant, garlic extract and chitosan are used for preventing and treating sclerotinia rot, and when the requirements of rape growth and disease prevention are met, the chemical incompatibility risks caused by direct contact among certain components are reduced through mutual matching of the components, so that the problems that the chemical reaction or adsorption effect occurs in soil and the activity, stability and active ingredient release of the rape sclerotinia rot prevention and treatment agent are influenced when the existing rape fertilizer and the raw materials of the rape sclerotinia rot prevention and treatment agent are applied simultaneously are improved.
2. In the invention, various raw materials can be stirred by the stirring granulator, so that the raw materials are fully fused, and then granulation work can be carried out at the same time, so that the time for transferring from the stirring granulator to the granulator can be saved, and the working efficiency can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the manufacturing process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made more apparent and fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a special fertilizer for rape based on prevention and treatment of sclerotinia rot of rape, which comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 30-40 parts of urea, 15-25 parts of diammonium phosphate, 10-20 parts of potassium chloride, 20-30 parts of chicken manure, 1-2 parts of borax, 0.5-1 part of zinc sulfate, 5-10 parts of trichoderma biological microbial inoculum, 2-4 parts of garlic extract and 1-3 parts of chitosan.
Specifically, the urea can provide high-content nitrogen nutrition to promote the growth of rape stems and leaves and enhance photosynthesis, and simultaneously regulate the soil fertility condition after transformation in soil, so that the foundation key effects are laid for rape growth and development and yield formation, the diammonium phosphate can provide phosphorus, nitrogen and other nutrients to promote rape root system development, flower bud differentiation and stress resistance enhancement, the rape growth and yield enhancement can be ensured, the potassium chloride can provide potassium elements to promote the stem health of rape plants, enhance lodging resistance and disease resistance, the rape quality and yield enhancement can provide abundant organic matters and various nutrient elements through chicken manure, improve the soil structure, enhance the soil fertility, promote rape growth and development through borax, provide boron elements to promote rape pollen germination and pollen tube elongation, improve rape fruit setting rate and setting rate, the zinc element can be provided through zinc sulfate, promote rape growth and development, enhance photosynthesis and stress resistance, the rape yield and the rape quality can produce antagonism through trichoderma biological agents, thereby inhibiting the growth of sclerotium, enhancing the rape plant stalk, enhancing the resistance to the growth of the rape, enhancing the resistance to the growth of the brassica napus, and simultaneously, the resistance to the growth of the brassica napus can be improved through the improvement of the plant stalk, and the resistance to the bacterial and the bacterial resistance can be also satisfied.
The preparation method of the special rape fertilizer for preventing and treating sclerotinia rot of rape comprises the following steps:
S1, raw material pretreatment, namely crushing urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and chicken manure, respectively grinding borax and zinc sulfate into fine powder, and adopting powdery alkali-resistant strains as trichoderma biological bacterial agents;
S2, mixing and granulating, namely weighing the components of urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, chicken manure, borax, zinc sulfate, garlic extract and chitosan according to a formula, and then putting the components into a stirring granulator to prepare fertilizer granules;
S3, adding the microbial inoculum, namely scattering the trichoderma biological microbial inoculum particles on the surfaces of the fertilizer particles after granulating, and wrapping the trichoderma biological microbial inoculum on the outer layers of the fertilizer particles by using a starch film;
s4, post-treatment, namely drying the coated fertilizer particles, and packaging and warehousing the dried fertilizer particles after passing through a sieving machine.
In S1, chicken manure is filled in a composting groove, the height of the chicken manure is not more than 3/4 of the groove depth, then the chicken manure is ventilated through a ventilation pipe, the air quantity is controlled to be 0.05-0.1 cubic meter per minute, the ventilation time is 1-2 hours, the interval time is 2-3 hours, the chicken manure at the bottom and the edge of the composting groove is turned to the upper part for 1-2 months 2 times per week, the rotten chicken manure is obtained, the rotten chicken manure is placed in an air flow dryer, the temperature of the chicken manure is kept at 60-90 ℃ through the air flow dryer, the air speed of the air flow dryer is controlled to be 10-30m/S, the air flow is controlled to last for 5-30 minutes, and the water content of the chicken manure is controlled to be 10% -20%, so that the dry rotten chicken manure is formed.
Specifically, through ventilation in the compost tank and turning over the chicken manure at the bottom and the edge of the compost tank to the upper part, the chicken manure is thoroughly decomposed, harmful bacteria, ova and the like in the chicken manure are effectively killed, macromolecular organic matters are decomposed into micromolecular matters which are easier to be absorbed and utilized by rape, meanwhile, the risk of seedling burning possibly brought by direct application of the non-decomposed chicken manure is reduced, and the decomposed chicken manure is placed into an air flow dryer to prevent mildew deterioration caused by overhigh moisture, influence the quality of the fertilizer and initiate chemical reaction with other components, so that the stability, the effectiveness and the safety of the fertilizer are ensured, high-quality organic nutrients are provided for rape growth, and the soil environment is optimized.
In S1, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and dried decomposed chicken manure are respectively crushed by an air flow crusher, the feeding speed is guaranteed to be 100-200 kg/h, the air pressure is maintained to be 0.6-0.8 MPa, the air flow is controlled to be 10-30 cubic meters/min, the gas temperature is controlled to be 10-30 ℃, the crushing time is controlled to be 30 seconds to 2 minutes, the particle size of the crushed urea is guaranteed to be 0.5-2 mm, the particle size of the diammonium phosphate is 0.5-1.5 mm, the particle size of the potassium chloride is 0.3-1 mm, and the particle size of the chicken manure is 1-3 mm.
Specifically, the air flow pulverizer is used for pulverizing, so that the uniformity of mixing of all components can be improved, each part of fertilizer can be ensured to accurately provide balanced nutrients for rape, the contact area between raw materials can be increased by the proper particle size, the consistency of chemical reaction and nutrient release is promoted, the subsequent processes and using effects of fertilizer granulation, fertilizer efficiency exertion and the like caused by the change of physical and chemical properties of the raw materials due to excessive pulverization or the influence of insufficient pulverization are avoided, and the efficient production and high-quality performance of the special fertilizer for rape are ensured.
And S2, controlling the stirring time to be 20-30 minutes, controlling the stirring rotating speed to be 15-60 revolutions per minute, and granulating by flowing into a granulating chamber through a channel after stirring, wherein the particle size of the fertilizer particles is controlled to be 2-4 mm.
Specifically, the uniform distribution of fertilizer components can be ensured by controlling the stirring time and the stirring rotating speed, so that various nutrients can be uniformly absorbed by the rape in the growth process, and the growth effect is prevented from being influenced by local nutrient difference.
And S3, mixing starch in the starch film and water according to a ratio of 1:5-1:10, stirring in a stirrer at 60-80 ℃ for 20-30 minutes at 100-200 r/min to prepare starch paste, spraying the starch paste on the surface of fertilizer particles by using a fluidized bed coating machine at 40-60 ℃ under a spraying pressure of 0.2-0.5 megapascal to form a coating, and controlling the thickness of the coating to be 0.1-0.3 millimeter.
Specifically, the starch film can effectively isolate the trichoderma biological microbial inoculum from other components in the fertilizer particles, so that the microbial inoculum is prevented from being deactivated or the performance of the fertilizer is prevented from being reduced due to incompatibility of chemical properties, and meanwhile, the release speed of the microbial inoculum can be controlled to a certain extent by the coating, so that the microbial inoculum can be slowly released in soil and can play a role in preventing and treating the sclerotinia rot of rape for a long time, and in addition, the physical properties such as the moisture resistance, the wear resistance and the like of the fertilizer particles can be improved, and the fertilizer particles are convenient to store and apply.
And S4, drying the fertilizer particles by a dryer, wherein the drying temperature is controlled to be 45-55 ℃ and is kept for 25-30 minutes, and the water content is ensured to be 5-8%.
Specifically, the moisture content of fertilizer particles can be effectively reduced through the dryer, the use is prevented from being influenced by mildew and deterioration and caking of the fertilizer caused by overhigh moisture, and meanwhile, the physical property and chemical stability of the fertilizer are ensured, so that the long-term storage and transportation are facilitated.
The special fertilizer for rape based on preventing and treating sclerotinia rot is applied to preventing and treating sclerotinia rot, promoting rape growth and improving rape yield.
Specifically, urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium chloride can provide basic nutrients to promote rape growth, and trichoderma biological inoculant, garlic extract and chitosan can prevent and treat rape sclerotinia so as to improve rape yield.
The following is further described in connection with specific embodiments:
Example 1:
Based on the weight parts of the raw materials in the special fertilizer for rape in preventing and treating sclerotinia rot of rape, the fertilizer comprises 30 parts of urea, 15 parts of diammonium phosphate, 10 parts of potassium chloride, 20 parts of chicken manure, 1 part of borax, 0.5 part of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of trichoderma biological microbial inoculum, 2 parts of garlic extract and 1 part of chitosan.
The preparation method of the special rape fertilizer for preventing and treating sclerotinia rot of rape comprises the following steps:
S1, raw material pretreatment, namely crushing urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and chicken manure, respectively grinding borax and zinc sulfate into fine powder, and adopting powdery alkali-resistant strains as trichoderma biological bacterial agents;
S2, mixing and granulating, namely weighing the components of urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, chicken manure, borax, zinc sulfate, garlic extract and chitosan according to a formula, and then putting the components into a stirring granulator to prepare fertilizer granules;
S3, adding the microbial inoculum, namely scattering the trichoderma biological microbial inoculum particles on the surfaces of the fertilizer particles after granulating, and wrapping the trichoderma biological microbial inoculum on the outer layers of the fertilizer particles by using a starch film;
s4, post-treatment, namely drying the coated fertilizer particles, and packaging and warehousing the dried fertilizer particles after passing through a sieving machine.
Example 2:
this embodiment is different from embodiment 1 described above in that:
35 parts of urea, 20 parts of diammonium phosphate, 15 parts of potassium chloride, 25 parts of chicken manure, 1.5 parts of borax, 0.75 part of zinc sulfate, 7.5 parts of trichoderma biological microbial agent, 3 parts of garlic extract and 2 parts of chitosan.
Example 3:
this embodiment is different from the above-described embodiments 1 and 2 in that:
40 parts of urea, 25 parts of diammonium phosphate, 20 parts of potassium chloride, 30 parts of chicken manure, 2 parts of borax, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 10 parts of trichoderma biological microbial agent, 4 parts of garlic extract and 3 parts of chitosan.
Table 1:
| Comparison | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Standard value |
| Index of disease (%) | 30 | 20 | 10 | 50 |
| Rape height (mm) | 100 | 150 | 200 | 75 |
The comparison in the above table 1 is the disease index and the rape height, the ratio of the number of the rapes with disease to the total number of the rapes investigated after applying the rape special fertilizer based on the sclerotium disease of the examples 1 to 3 under the same condition is the disease index, the standard value in the above table 1 is obtained from the experimental examples without using any fertilizer and disease preventing agent, the results of the examples 1 to 3 in the table 1 are obtained through the experiment by changing the raw material components in the respective examples, and the table 1 can show that the disease can be reduced while the rape growth can be effectively improved by the present raw material combination.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The special fertilizer for rape based on preventing and treating sclerotinia rot of rape is characterized by comprising the following raw materials, by weight, 30-40 parts of urea, 15-25 parts of diammonium phosphate, 10-20 parts of potassium chloride, 20-30 parts of chicken manure, 1-2 parts of borax, 0.5-1 part of zinc sulfate, 5-10 parts of trichoderma biological microbial inoculum, 2-4 parts of garlic extract and 1-3 parts of chitosan.
2. The preparation method of the rape special fertilizer for preventing and treating sclerotinia rot of rape according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
s1, raw material pretreatment, namely crushing urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and chicken manure, respectively grinding borax and zinc sulfate into fine powder, wherein the trichoderma biological microbial inoculum adopts powdery alkali-resistant strains;
S2, mixing and granulating, namely weighing the components of urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, chicken manure, borax, zinc sulfate, garlic extract and chitosan according to a formula, and then putting the components into a stirring granulator to prepare fertilizer granules;
S3, adding the microbial inoculum, namely scattering the trichoderma biological microbial inoculum particles on the surfaces of the fertilizer particles after granulating, and wrapping the trichoderma biological microbial inoculum on the outer layers of the fertilizer particles by using a starch film;
s4, post-treatment, namely drying the coated fertilizer particles, and packaging and warehousing the dried fertilizer particles after passing through a sieving machine.
3. The preparation method of the special fertilizer for rape based on prevention and treatment of sclerotinia rot of rape according to claim 2, wherein in the step S1, the chicken manure is filled in a composting trough with the height not exceeding 3/4 of the trough depth, then the chicken manure is ventilated through a ventilation pipe, the air quantity is controlled to be 0.05-0.1 cubic meter per minute, the ventilation time is 1-2 hours, the interval time is 2-3 hours, the chicken manure at the bottom and the edge of the composting trough is turned to the upper part for 1-2 months 2-3 times per week, the rotten chicken manure is obtained, the rotten chicken manure is placed in an air flow dryer, the temperature of the chicken manure is kept at 60-90 ℃ through the air flow dryer, the air speed of the air flow dryer is controlled to be 10-30m/S, the water content of the chicken manure is controlled to be 10% -20%, and thus the dried rotten chicken manure is formed.
4. The preparation method of the special fertilizer for rape based on prevention and treatment of sclerotium disease of rape of claim 2, wherein urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and dried decomposed chicken manure in S1 are crushed by an air flow crusher respectively, the feeding speed is guaranteed to be 100-200 kg/h, the air pressure is maintained to be 0.6-0.8 MPa, the air flow is controlled to be 10-30 cubic meters/min, the gas temperature is controlled to be 10-30 ℃, the crushing time is controlled to be 30 seconds to 2 minutes, the particle size of the crushed urea is guaranteed to be 0.5-2 mm, the particle size of the diammonium phosphate is 0.5-1.5 mm, the particle size of the potassium chloride is 0.3-1 mm, and the particle size of the chicken manure is 1-3 mm.
5. The preparation method of the special fertilizer for rape based on prevention and treatment of sclerotinia rot of rape according to claim 2, wherein in the step S2, stirring time is controlled to be 20-30 minutes, stirring rotating speed is controlled to be 15-60 revolutions per minute, the fertilizer flows into a granulating chamber through a channel for granulating after stirring is completed, and particle size of the fertilizer particles is controlled to be 2-4 mm.
6. The preparation method of the special fertilizer for rape based on preventing and treating sclerotinia rot of rape according to claim 2, wherein in the step S3, starch in the starch film is mixed with water according to a proportion of 1:5-1:10, the mixture is stirred for 20-30 minutes at 60-80 ℃ and 100-200 r/min in a stirrer to prepare starch paste, and a fluidized bed coating machine is used for spraying the starch paste on the surface of fertilizer particles at 40-60 ℃ under a spraying pressure of 0.2-0.5 megapascals to form a coating, and the thickness of the coating is controlled to be 0.1-0.3 mm.
7. The preparation method of the special fertilizer for rape based on preventing and treating sclerotinia rot of rape according to claim 2, wherein in the step S4, the fertilizer particles are dried by a dryer, the drying temperature is controlled to be 45-55 ℃ for 25-30 minutes, and the water content is ensured to be 5-8%.
8. The use of a fertilizer for rape based on the control of sclerotinia rot according to claim 1, for controlling sclerotinia rot and for promoting rape growth and increasing rape yield.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202411650363.XA CN119504309A (en) | 2024-11-18 | 2024-11-18 | Special fertilizer for rapeseed based on the prevention and control of rapeseed sclerotinia and its application |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202411650363.XA CN119504309A (en) | 2024-11-18 | 2024-11-18 | Special fertilizer for rapeseed based on the prevention and control of rapeseed sclerotinia and its application |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN119504309A true CN119504309A (en) | 2025-02-25 |
Family
ID=94653319
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202411650363.XA Pending CN119504309A (en) | 2024-11-18 | 2024-11-18 | Special fertilizer for rapeseed based on the prevention and control of rapeseed sclerotinia and its application |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN119504309A (en) |
-
2024
- 2024-11-18 CN CN202411650363.XA patent/CN119504309A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103936507B (en) | A kind of preparation method of microbial organic fertilizer | |
| AU2018101437A4 (en) | Special film-coated controlled release calcium fertilizer for peanut and preparation process thereof | |
| CN101665383B (en) | Fertilizer for coating paddy seeds | |
| CN103044146A (en) | Complex control type long-acting controlled-release organic and inorganic biological fertilizer | |
| CN104446874A (en) | Special organic fertilizer for dendrobe and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105777434A (en) | Slow release water-retaining compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104609971A (en) | Special slow-released fertilizer for flowers and plants and preparation method of fertilizer | |
| CN104761395A (en) | Carbon-based fertilizer for improving cold resistance capability of shiny-leaved yellowhorn and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107162848A (en) | A kind of beach saline land wheat dedicated functionality organic-inorganic controlled-release Blending Fertilizer | |
| CN112062634A (en) | Rice slow-release fertilizer and preparation and application methods thereof | |
| CN107759328A (en) | Poor rainfed land special peanut film-coating Controlled Release Fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107500921A (en) | A kind of process of high tower production nitric fulvic acid composite fertilizer and its composite fertilizer | |
| CN107032925A (en) | Method for producing tea tree special fertilizer by taking jasmine flower residue and tea dust as raw materials | |
| CN115594546A (en) | Broccoli planting fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN113331009B (en) | Planting method of rice with high trace elements and high SOD (superoxide dismutase) | |
| CN106518344A (en) | Phyllostachys heterocycla special biological fertilizer capable of avoiding waterlogging and increasing oxygen, and production method thereof | |
| CN110256146A (en) | A kind of slow-releasing granules compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof of stalk film forming | |
| CN105061110A (en) | Compound fertilizer specially used for eucalyptus, and preparation method thereof | |
| CN110028358B (en) | Coastal saline-alkali soil salt-control alkali-reduction soil improvement method based on dominant compatibility of controlled release fertilizer, plant immunity inducer and organic fertilizer | |
| CN112645774A (en) | Preparation and application method of special slow-release bulk blended fertilizer for saline-alkali soil corns | |
| KR100993007B1 (en) | Fertilizer composition for direct sowing and preparation method thereof | |
| CN119504309A (en) | Special fertilizer for rapeseed based on the prevention and control of rapeseed sclerotinia and its application | |
| CN108558585A (en) | Ammonium sulfate coated carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer, ammonium sulfate coated carbamide slow-release or control-release fertilizer and preparation and application | |
| CN107226757A (en) | A kind of carbon enzyme functional compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102674982B (en) | Rapeseed Coating Fertilizer |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |