CN119457272A - Parallel gear processing equipment and technology - Google Patents
Parallel gear processing equipment and technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN119457272A CN119457272A CN202510067781.4A CN202510067781A CN119457272A CN 119457272 A CN119457272 A CN 119457272A CN 202510067781 A CN202510067781 A CN 202510067781A CN 119457272 A CN119457272 A CN 119457272A
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- workpiece
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- movable
- outer ring
- positioning
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F5/00—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
- B23F5/12—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by planing or slotting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
- B23F23/02—Loading, unloading or chucking arrangements for workpieces
- B23F23/06—Chucking arrangements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q7/00—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting
- B23Q7/02—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting by means of drums or rotating tables or discs
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Jigs For Machine Tools (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及并齿齿轮领域，尤其涉及并齿齿轮加工设备及其工艺，立式数控插齿机床本体内转动设置有旋转底座，旋转底座的顶部安装有工件夹具，工件夹具的顶部竖向活动设置有顶针组件，并且工件夹具的一侧通过加工主轴安装有加工刀具。本发明中，通过刀具设计原则设计的加工刀具，可以实现对一些非标并齿的加工，外环能够对活动座进行驱动移动，以实现对挤压弹簧的弹性力的调节，这使得用户只需将工件装配在活动底板上并向下按压即可将工件安装在工件夹具上，并且只需将活动环向下按压并将外环向上提起即可实现对工件的拆除，这种对工件的定位方式简单方便，定位速度较快，便于用户的使用。
The present invention relates to the field of parallel gears, and in particular to parallel gear processing equipment and processes thereof. A rotating base is rotatably arranged in the body of a vertical CNC gear shaping machine tool, a workpiece fixture is installed on the top of the rotating base, a thimble assembly is vertically movably arranged on the top of the workpiece fixture, and a processing tool is installed on one side of the workpiece fixture through a processing spindle. In the present invention, the processing tool designed by the tool design principle can realize the processing of some non-standard parallel gears, and the outer ring can drive the movable seat to move to realize the adjustment of the elastic force of the extrusion spring, so that the user only needs to assemble the workpiece on the movable bottom plate and press downward to install the workpiece on the workpiece fixture, and only needs to press the movable ring downward and lift the outer ring upward to realize the removal of the workpiece. This positioning method for the workpiece is simple and convenient, and the positioning speed is fast, which is convenient for users to use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of parallel tooth gears, in particular to parallel tooth gear processing equipment and a parallel tooth gear processing technology.
Background
Parallel toothed gears are a critical component in mechanical transmission, involving the meshing together of two or more gears so that they can be driven toward each other, thereby effecting the operation of the working mechanism.
The machining of most of the parallel teeth gears can be realized through the vertical numerical control gear shaping machine, but when the vertical numerical control gear shaping machine is used for machining non-standard parallel teeth workpieces in the form of 4*2 (15) and the like, the theoretical number of the reference circle is 15, and the number of the reference circle is an odd number, so that the parallel teeth structure part is actually 3.5 teeth, the parallel teeth part is not uniformly distributed on the circumference, and the conventional standard tool on the market at present often cannot realize the machining of the non-standard parallel teeth workpieces in the form of 4*2 (15) and the like.
And at present, when a traditional vertical numerical control gear shaping machine tool on the market is used for installing and positioning a workpiece, a spanner is often required to rotate a hexagonal thread positioning workpiece, so that the workpiece can be positioned through matching and clamping among threads. The positioning mode for the workpiece is troublesome because of depending on an external tool, and the positioning speed for the workpiece is low, so that the processing efficiency for the workpiece is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides parallel tooth gear processing equipment and a process thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The parallel tooth gear machining equipment comprises a vertical numerical control gear shaping machine body, wherein a rotating base is rotatably arranged in the vertical numerical control gear shaping machine body, a workpiece clamp is arranged at the top of the rotating base, a thimble assembly is vertically and movably arranged at the top of the workpiece clamp, and a machining cutter is arranged at one side of the workpiece clamp through a machining main shaft;
The top of the workpiece clamp is fixedly provided with a positioning ring, a movable bottom plate is vertically and movably arranged in the positioning ring, the top of the movable bottom plate is fixedly provided with positioning pieces, a plurality of connecting columns are fixedly arranged on the periphery of the movable bottom plate, and the other ends of the connecting columns are fixedly connected with an outer ring on the outer side of the positioning ring;
The workpiece clamp is characterized in that movable seats are movably arranged on the outer sides of the positioning rings, adjusting cavities matched with the outer rings are formed in the movable seats, the movable seats are driven to move through the outer rings, and pressing pieces for positioning workpieces are arranged on the movable seats;
limiting grooves are formed in the bottoms of the two sides of the pressing piece, side posts are arranged on the workpiece clamp and located on the two sides of the movable seat, and limiting pieces are arranged on the side posts in an adaptive mode corresponding to the limiting grooves;
the side of outer loop has seted up a plurality of draw-in grooves, and the corresponding draw-in groove all adaptation is provided with the elasticity fastener on the work piece anchor clamps to the activity is provided with the expansion ring that is used for resetting the elasticity fastener in the outer loop.
In addition, the preferred structure is, the fixed holding ring that is provided with in top of work piece holder, the spliced pole chamber has all been seted up to the equal adaptation of corresponding spliced pole on the lateral wall of holding ring, and the spliced pole intracavity is all fixed and is provided with the guide bar to the spliced pole is all through the guide bar direction removal.
In addition, the preferred structure is that the top of the workpiece clamp is fixedly provided with a fixed seat around the positioning ring, the inner wall of the fixed seat is provided with guide grooves, and guide pieces are arranged on two sides of the movable seat in an adapting way corresponding to the guide grooves;
And one side, facing the workpiece clamp, of the movable seat is provided with an extrusion spring, the other end of the extrusion spring is connected with the pressing piece, and the positioning ring is provided with a pressing piece cavity in an adaptive manner corresponding to the pressing piece.
In addition, the structure is preferable, the inner parts of the movable seats are respectively provided with an adjusting cavity in an adapting way corresponding to the outer ring, the middle parts of the adjusting cavities are respectively provided with an arc inclined surface in an adapting way corresponding to the outer ring, when the outer ring moves upwards, the movable seats move outwards, and when the outer ring moves downwards, the movable seats move inwards.
In addition, the preferred structure is, the top of work piece anchor clamps is located the both sides of fixing base and all upwards is fixed and is provided with many second guide posts perpendicularly, and the side post all moves through the second guide post direction, and the top of second guide post is fixed to be provided with second anti-drop spare, and the top of work piece anchor clamps is located the outside of second guide post and all upwards installs the second spring to the other end of second spring all links to each other with the bottom of side post.
In addition, the preferable structure is, the top of outer loop has all offered the annular downwards, and a plurality of draw-in grooves with the annular intercommunication have been offered to the side of outer loop, and the vertical activity is provided with the expansion ring in the annular to the outside of expansion ring is all fixed to be provided with the piece that resets with the draw-in groove adaptation.
In addition, the preferable structure is, upward fixed perpendicular being provided with many first guide posts in the annular, the expansion ring passes through first guide post direction removal, and the top of first guide post is all fixed to be provided with first anti-drop spare, is located the outside of first guide post on the annular and all upwards is provided with first spring to the other end of first spring all links to each other with the bottom of expansion ring.
In addition, the preferable structure is, the top of work piece holder all corresponds the draw-in groove and is provided with the elasticity fastener, and the top of elasticity fastener is provided with the wedge fixture block with the draw-in groove adaptation, and when the wedge fixture block card was established in the draw-in groove, reset piece on the expansion ring all was located the top of wedge fixture block.
The parallel tooth gear processing technology comprises the following steps:
S1, selecting cold-drawn 45 # round steel, cutting off the round steel in sections by using a band saw blade according to the total length of a finished product by adding 3-5 mm on a sawing machine, roughly turning an outer circle to ensure concentricity and end face perpendicularity, taking the total length as a clamping reference surface for a subsequent cold extrusion hole, pre-drilling a counter bore and boring the counter bore to prepare for stable operation of a punch head of an inner octagonal hole for subsequent cold extrusion;
S2, cold extruding the inner octagonal hole by using a special die on a large-tonnage cold extruding machine, firstly correcting the central line of an upper die and a lower die to be not deviated, manufacturing an upper grinding core by using hard alloy to ensure the strength, and manufacturing a lower die cavity to be positively pushed out, so that the ejector rod can easily eject a workpiece during demolding;
S3, finely turning the outer circle on the numerical control lathe by taking the existing inner octagon hole as a reference, correcting and finding out new positioning and clamping references, clamping a positioning reference surface by a three-jaw chuck, finely turning the whole length by semi-fine turning on the MAZAK precise numerical control lathe, and finely turning the outer circle of each step, a clamp spring groove, a transition fillet and a chamfer-like workpiece shape;
S4, centering by using a square mandrel matched with the inner octagonal hole, propping the central hole at the other end, milling the outer four sides on the machining center, and milling an end face groove;
S5, tapping M6 internal threads on a vertical tapping machine, grinding an outer circle on an outer circle grinding machine, and removing residual grinding amount after finish turning;
s6, designing the size of the non-standard cutter, and installing the non-standard cutter on a vertical numerical control gear shaping machine after the design is finished;
S7, installing a workpiece on a workpiece clamp on a vertical numerical control gear shaping machine tool, positioning the top of the workpiece by using a thimble assembly, and then realizing the processing of the workpiece by the vertical numerical control gear shaping machine tool;
s8, checking the position relation between the tooth slot and the inner star of the workpiece by using an angle position checking tool;
s9, finely turning a large outer circle of the workpiece by clamping the workpiece on a MAZAK numerical control lathe, and chamfering the outer circle;
And S10, nitriding the finished product, and packaging and delivering the finished product after the finished product is inspected.
Preferably, the non-standard cutter design principle is that the non-standard cutters are distributed according to single-tooth arc length P=pi m on the total indexing arc length, the cutter tooth number design can be amplified according to integer multiple of 15 times of the workpiece tooth number, each set of cutter tooth-opening parts are 4 complete teeth corresponding to an actual workpiece in terms of 5 teeth, and the P=pi m arc length part which is 2.5 times is cut in the circumferential direction corresponds to the workpiece tooth-combining part.
The invention has the advantages that the machining tool designed according to the tool design principle can realize machining of some nonstandard teeth, the outer ring and the movable bottom plate synchronously move through the connecting column, the outer ring can drive and move the movable seat through the adaptive arrangement between the outer ring and the adjusting cavity so as to realize the adjustment of the elastic force of the extrusion spring, the outer ring can be fixed through the adaptive clamping between the wedge-shaped clamping block and the clamping groove, and the clamping between the wedge-shaped clamping block and the clamping groove can be released through the resetting piece, so that a user can install a workpiece on the workpiece clamp only by assembling the workpiece on the movable bottom plate and pressing downwards, and the workpiece can be removed only by pressing the movable ring downwards and lifting the outer ring upwards.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a parallel tooth gear machining apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged detail view of the workpiece holder of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a workpiece holder according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the movable floor of FIG. 3 moving downward;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the movable seat in FIG. 3 after being hidden;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the movable floor and the outer ring of FIG. 5 after being hidden;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the movable floor and the outer ring proposed in the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a slot according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a wedge-shaped block in the slot of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of an elastic clip according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of the movable ring shown in FIG. 7 after being hidden;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of an exploded construction of the movable ring, the first guide post and the first spring of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the movable seat and follower proposed in the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the construction of the follower and jamb set forth in the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of an exploded construction of the follower and jamb presented in the present invention;
Fig. 16 is a schematic view of a structure of a machining tool according to the present invention.
In the drawing, a vertical numerical control gear shaping machine body, an 11 thimble assembly, a 12 processing main shaft, a 13 processing cutter, a 14 rotating base, a2 workpiece clamp, a 21 positioning ring, a 211 connecting column cavity, a 212 guide rod, a 213 pressing component cavity, a 22 movable bottom plate, a 23 positioning piece, a 24 connecting column, a25 outer ring, a 251 ring groove, a 252 clamping groove, a 26 movable ring, a 261 reset piece, a 27 first guide column, a 271 first anti-drop piece, a 272 first spring, a3 fixed seat, a 301 guide groove, a 31 movable seat, a 311 guide piece, a 312 adjusting cavity, a 32 extrusion spring, a 33 pressing component, a 34 limiting groove, a4 elastic clamping piece, a 41 wedge-shaped clamping block, a5 side column, a 51 limiting piece, a 52 second guide column, a 521 second anti-drop piece and a 522 second spring are shown.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-2, a rotating base 14 is rotatably arranged in a vertical numerical control gear shaping machine body 1, a workpiece clamp 2 is mounted on the top of the rotating base 14, and clamping of a workpiece can be achieved through the workpiece clamp 2. The vertical movable thimble assembly 11 that is located the top of work piece holder 2 in the vertical numerical control gear shaping lathe body 1, through the setting of thimble assembly 11, can realize the fixed to the top of work piece.
A machining spindle 12 is arranged on one side of the workpiece clamp 2 in the vertical numerical control gear shaping machine body 1, and a machining cutter 13 is arranged on the machining spindle 12. When the workpiece is processed, the workpiece can be fixed through the workpiece clamp 2 and the thimble assembly 11, the workpiece can be driven to rotate through the rotating base 14, and the processing tool 13 can be driven to rotate and move to the workpiece through the processing main shaft 12, so that the workpiece is processed. It should be noted that the specific structures and working manners of the vertical type numerically controlled gear shaping machine body 1, the thimble assembly 11, the processing spindle 12 and the rotating base 14 are all the existing technologies currently disclosed in the market, and therefore, a detailed description is omitted.
Referring to fig. 3-6, a positioning ring 21 is fixedly arranged at the top of the workpiece clamp 2, a movable bottom plate 22 is vertically movably arranged in the middle of the positioning ring 21, and a positioning piece 23 is fixedly arranged at the top of the movable bottom plate 22. The bottom of the workpiece is provided with a positioning groove corresponding to the positioning piece 23 in an adapting way, and the workpiece can be positioned by installing the workpiece on the movable bottom plate 22 and arranging the positioning piece 23.
The workpiece clamp 2 is fixedly provided with a plurality of fixing seats 3, guide grooves 301 are formed in the inner walls of the fixing seats 3, movable seats 31 are movably arranged in the fixing seats 3 through the guide grooves 301 in a guiding mode, guide pieces 311 are arranged on the movable seats 31 in a matching mode corresponding to the guide grooves 301, and the movable seats 31 can be guided through the matching arrangement between the guide pieces 311 and the guide grooves 301.
The movable seat 31 is provided with an adjusting cavity 312 adapted to the outer ring 25, and the outer ring 25 is fixedly connected with the movable bottom plate 22 through the connecting column 24. This allows the movable floor 22 to move in synchronism with the outer ring 25 as it moves. When the outer ring 25 moves downward, it can be located in the adjusting cavity 312 on the movable seat 31 to move downward, so that the movable seat 31 can be driven to move to the positioning ring 21 by the slope in the adjusting cavity 312. Therefore, the extrusion spring 32 can be compressed through the movement of the movable seat 31, so that the extrusion spring 32 can provide larger elastic force for the pressing piece 33, and the workpiece can be pressed through the pressing piece 33, so that the workpiece can be positioned. And the corresponding pressing pieces 33 on the positioning ring 21 are provided with pressing piece cavities 213 in a matching way, and the pressing pieces 33 can penetrate through the pressing piece cavities 213 and press the workpieces in the positioning ring 21.
Rubber sleeves are paved on the pressing piece 33, so that the pressing effect on the workpiece can be improved, and the workpiece is not easy to damage. And by the provision of the rubber sleeve, a small number of moving strokes can be provided to the pressing piece 33.
Referring to fig. 6-7, connecting columns 24 are fixedly arranged around the movable bottom plate 22 outwards, the connecting columns 24 extend out of the connecting column cavities 211 on the positioning ring 21, and the other ends of the connecting columns 24 are connected with an outer ring 25. By the arrangement of the connecting posts 24, the movable bottom plate 22 and the outer ring 25 can move synchronously, so that the outer ring 25 can be driven to move in the adjusting cavity 312 when the movable bottom plate 22 moves.
And all vertical fixed guide bars 212 that are provided with in the spliced pole chamber 211, through the setting of guide bars 212, can lead spliced pole 24 to improve movable bottom plate 22, spliced pole 24 and outer loop 25 stability in the removal in-process.
Referring to fig. 3-4 and 8-12, a ring groove 251 is formed at the top of the outer ring 25, and a movable ring 26 is vertically movably arranged in the ring groove 251. A plurality of first guide posts 27 are fixedly arranged upwards in the ring groove 251, first anti-falling pieces 271 are fixedly arranged at the tops of the first guide posts 27, the movable ring 26 moves in a guiding manner through the first guide posts 27, grooves are formed in the tops of the movable ring 26 corresponding to the first anti-falling pieces 271 in an adapting manner, and therefore not only can the guide movement of the movable ring 26 be achieved, but also the movable ring 26 can be prevented from falling from the ring groove 251.
A plurality of first springs 272 are upwardly disposed in the ring groove 251, the other ends of the first springs 272 are connected to the bottom of the movable ring 26, and the first springs 272 are located outside the first guide posts 27. By the arrangement of the first spring 272, the movable ring 26 can be lifted up, and by the arrangement of the first falling-off preventing member 271, the top of the movable ring 26 can be made flush with the top of the outer ring 25.
The side of the movable ring 26 is fixedly provided with a plurality of reset pieces 261, the outer ring 25 is provided with clamping grooves 252 in an adapting mode corresponding to the reset pieces 261, and the clamping grooves 252 are communicated with the ring grooves 251. It is noted that the restoring member 261 is not disposed at the portion where the movable seat 31 is provided, so that the restoring member 261 does not affect the adjusting chamber 312.
The workpiece clamp 2 is provided with elastic clamping pieces 4 corresponding to the clamping grooves 252, the tops of the elastic clamping pieces 4 are provided with wedge-shaped clamping blocks 41, and the wedge-shaped clamping blocks 41 are matched with the clamping grooves 252. It should be noted that the elastic clamping member 4 has elasticity, when the outer ring 25 moves downward, the wedge-shaped clamping block 41 contacts with the bottom of the outer ring 25, and the top of the wedge-shaped clamping block 41 is an inclined surface, so that the elastic clamping member 4 can automatically bend outwards when the outer ring 25 moves downward. When the outer ring 25 moves to the bottommost part, the elastic clamping piece 4 can automatically reset through elastic force, so that the wedge-shaped clamping block 41 can be clamped in the clamping groove 252.
Due to the arrangement of the first spring 272, when the wedge-shaped clamping block 41 is clamped in the clamping groove 252, the reset pieces 261 are all located at the top of the wedge-shaped clamping block 41, and at this time, the movable ring 26 can be pressed downwards by a user, so that all the reset pieces 261 can be driven to move downwards through the movable ring 26. At this time, the wedge-shaped clamping blocks 41 on the elastic clamping piece 4 can be ejected outwards through the movement of the reset piece 261, so that the clamping between all the wedge-shaped clamping blocks 41 and the clamping grooves 252 can be released.
Referring to fig. 13 to 15, the bottom of the movable seat 31 is provided with a guide 311, and the guide 311 is adapted to the guide groove 301 of the fixed seat 3. An adjusting cavity 312 is formed in the movable seat 31, the adjusting cavity 312 is arc-shaped and is matched with the outer ring 25, and a user can control the horizontal movement of the movable seat 31 through the vertical movement of the outer ring 25 by the arrangement of the adjusting cavity 312.
The movable seat 31 is provided with a pressing piece 33 through two pressing springs 32, and both sides of the bottom of the pressing piece 33 are provided with limiting grooves 34. The workpiece clamp 2 is vertically and movably provided with side posts 5 on two sides of the movable seat 31, the end parts of the side posts 5 are fixedly provided with limiting pieces 51, and the limiting pieces 51 are matched with the limiting grooves 34.
The side posts 5 are guided to move through the plurality of second guide posts 52, the bottoms of the second guide posts 52 are fixedly connected with the workpiece clamp 2, the second anti-falling pieces 521 are fixedly arranged at the tops of the second guide posts 52, and the side posts 5 can be prevented from falling off from the second guide posts 52 through the arrangement of the second anti-falling pieces 521.
A plurality of second springs 522 are installed upward at the top of the work holder 2, the other ends of the second springs 522 are connected to the jambs 5, and the second springs 522 are located outside the second guide posts 52. Through the arrangement of the second spring 522, the side column 5 can be jacked up, so that the limiting piece 51 on the side column 5 can be firmly clamped in the limiting groove 34.
When the outer ring 25 moves downward, the bottom of the outer ring 25 contacts the jambs 5, so that all jambs 5 can be pressed downward by the outer ring 25. Therefore, the side column 5 drives the limiting piece 51 to synchronously move downwards, so that the clamping between the limiting piece 51 and the limiting groove 34 can be released.
Referring to fig. 16, a through hole for a machining tool 13 is formed in the middle of the machining tool 13, and the machining tool 13 is mounted on the machining spindle 12 through the through hole in the middle thereof. It should be noted that the machining tool 13 is of a replaceable design, and its specific disassembly structure is the prior art, so that no further description is given.
In the embodiment, the material is cold drawn 45 # round steel, and the saw blade is used for sectionally cutting according to the total length of the finished product by 3-5 mm on a sawing machine. In order to ensure concentricity and end face verticality, an outer circle is roughly turned to ensure concentricity and total length to be used as a clamping reference surface for a subsequent cold extrusion hole, and a counter bore is pre-drilled and bored to be used for stably working of an octagonal hole punch in the subsequent cold extrusion.
And then cold extruding the inner octagonal hole by using a special die on a large-tonnage cold extruding machine, namely firstly correcting the central lines of the upper die and the lower die to be not offset, manufacturing an upper grinding core by using hard alloy to ensure the strength, and manufacturing a lower die cavity to be positively pushed, so that the ejector rod can easily eject a workpiece during demolding, and the depth of the hole meets the technological requirements.
Then, the outer circle of the numerical control lathe is finely turned again by taking the existing inner octagon hole as a reference, a new positioning and clamping reference is corrected and found, a positioning reference surface is clamped by a three-jaw chuck, and semi-fine turning is performed on the numerical control lathe by MAZAK.
And then centering by using a square mandrel matched with the inner octagonal hole, and pushing the center hole at the other end, milling the outer four sides on the machining center, and milling the end face groove, wherein the opposite sides of the four sides and the plane of the groove are parallel to any group of opposite sides of the inner octagonal hole. The linear dimension of the procedure is measured by a digital display vernier card, and the related phase is required to be qualitatively checked by a special position degree gauge and measured by a quartz platform and a dial indicator fixed value first piece.
And then, an M6 internal thread is tapped on a vertical tapping machine, an outer circle is ground on an outer circle grinding machine, and the residual grinding amount after finish turning is removed. The thread accuracy and effective depth were measured with a thread plug gauge.
The tooth number 4*2 (15) of the parallel teeth process is processed, namely the starting tooth angle from the last tooth of the first set of teeth to the second set of teeth is 84 degrees through calculation, namely the parallel teeth part and the common gear tooth position are arranged in a completely different mode, so that the cutter design is subjected to nonstandard design.
The cutter design principle is that the cutter tooth number design can be amplified according to the integral multiple of the workpiece tooth number 15 according to the arrangement of single tooth arc length P=pi m on the total indexing arc length (formula L=pi×cutter design diameter), each group of cutter tooth opening parts are 4 complete teeth of 5 teeth corresponding to an actual workpiece, and the P=pi m arc length part which is 2.5 times of the circumferential direction is cut off corresponding to the workpiece tooth combining part. According to the principle, the number of teeth of the processing tool 13 in this embodiment is 15×3 times the number of teeth of the workpiece, and the diameter of the reference circle is phi=45×25.4/dp7= 163.286, that is, the circumferential arc length of the whole tool is divided into 6 groups, and 60 ° of the groups are uniformly distributed.
Then, the processing cutter 13 and the workpiece are both arranged on the vertical numerical control gear shaping machine body 1 so as to realize the processing of the workpiece.
And then, carrying out finish turning on the large outer circle by clamping the large outer circle on a MAZAK numerical control turning machine, carrying out finish turning on an oil seal groove on the large outer circle, chamfering the outer circle, and carrying out heat treatment deformation empirical values on relevant dimensions. The diameter of the outer circle is measured by an outside micrometer, the groove width is measured by a groove plug gauge, the axial position size is measured by a length clamping plate, and the surface quality is measured by a roughness meter.
And nitriding the finished product, wherein the surface hardness is more than 350HV, and the nitrided layer is subjected to a salt spray test according to ASTM (ASTM) and has red spots of no more than 5% after 1050 hours. And finally, packaging and delivering the finished product after inspection.
In the process of the above embodiment, when a user needs to use the vertical type numerical control gear shaping machine body 1 to process a workpiece, the designed processing tool 13 is only required to be mounted on the processing spindle 12, then the workpiece is mounted on the workpiece clamp 2, and then the thimble assembly 11 is controlled to move downwards to fix the top of the workpiece. Finally, the machining tool 13 is driven to move to the workpiece through the machining spindle 12 to machine the workpiece, and the workpiece clamp 2 and the workpiece can be driven to synchronously rotate through the rotating base 14. It should be noted that, the specific structures and working manners of the vertical numerically controlled gear shaping machine body 1, the thimble assembly 11, the processing spindle 12 and the rotating base 14 are all the prior art, so that no redundant description is given.
Further, the positioning ring 21 is adapted to the workpiece, and when a user needs to install the workpiece on the workpiece holder 2, only the positioning groove at the bottom of the workpiece needs to be adapted to be assembled on the positioning piece 23 at the top of the movable bottom plate 22. The workpiece can then be pressed directly downwards, and the movable bottom plate 22 can move downwards synchronously with the workpiece, and the outer ring 25 can be driven to move downwards synchronously by the arrangement of the connecting posts 24. This allows the movable floor 22, the connecting post 24 and the outer ring 25 to be moved downward simultaneously when the user presses down on the work piece.
Since the outer ring 25 is located in the adjusting cavity 312 on the movable seat 31, when the outer ring 25 moves downward, it can drive the movable seat 31 to move toward the positioning ring 21 through the adjusting cavity 312. Therefore, the extrusion spring 32 can be compressed through the movement of the movable seat 31, so that the thrust provided by the extrusion spring 32 to the pressing piece 33 is improved, and the pressing piece 33 can apply stronger pressure to the workpiece, so that the workpiece is fixed.
And when the outer ring 25 moves downwards to drive the movable seat 31 to compress the compression spring 32, the pressing piece 33 can be pulled by clamping the limiting piece 51 on the side column 5 and the limiting groove 34 on the pressing piece 33, so that the pressure applied by the pressing piece 33 to the workpiece is reduced. This is because the compression spring 32 is already continuously compressed during the downward movement of the workpiece within the retaining ring 21. If the limiting piece 51 is not arranged, the pressing piece 33 can apply larger pressure to the workpiece in the process of moving the workpiece downwards, so that the difficulty of continuing to move the workpiece downwards is increased.
And when the workpiece is about to move to the bottommost position, the outer ring 25 is adapted to move to the top of the jamb 5. This makes at this time when the workpiece continues to move downwards, the side post 5 can be pressed downwards by the outer ring 25, so that the side post 5 can drive the limiting piece 51 to move downwards synchronously, so as to release the fit between the limiting piece 51 and the limiting groove 34. At this time, the pressing member 33 is no longer limited by the limiting member 51, and pressing of the workpiece can be completely realized. And at this point the second springs 522 at the bottom of the jamb 5 are all compressed.
And when the workpiece moves to the bottommost portion, the outer ring 25 also moves to the bottommost portion in synchronization. At this time, the wedge-shaped clamping blocks 41 on the elastic clamping piece 4 can be adaptively clamped in the clamping grooves 252 on the outer ring 25, so that the outer ring 25 can be fixed through the adaptive clamping between the wedge-shaped clamping blocks 41 and the clamping grooves 252, and the workpiece can be fixedly mounted at this time.
Further, when the workpiece is removed after the machining is completed, the user only needs to press the movable ring 26 at the top of the outer ring 25 downward, at this time, the movable ring 26 can press and press the first spring 272 downward, and the reset member 261 moves downward synchronously with the movable ring 26. Since the top of the wedge-shaped clamping block 41 is a slope, when the reset piece 261 moves downwards, the reset piece 261 can squeeze the wedge-shaped clamping block 41 out of the clamping groove 252, so that the clamping between all the wedge-shaped clamping blocks 41 and the clamping groove 252 can be released by downwards pressing the movable ring 26.
The user then lifts the outer ring 25 directly upwards, during which the movable seat 31 can be moved outwards by means of the fitting arrangement between the outer ring 25 and the adjustment chamber 312, whereupon the compression spring 32 is also automatically pulled back, so that the compression element 33 no longer exerts a great pressure on the workpiece. And along with the upward movement of the outer ring 25, the movable bottom plate 22 can be driven to move upwards, so that the workpiece can be driven to synchronously move upwards, and when the outer ring 25 moves to the top, the workpiece can be ejected from the positioning ring 21, so that the workpiece can be dismounted.
After the outer ring 25 moves upwards, the jamb 5 can be automatically restored to the limit groove 34 by the elastic force of the second spring 522, and the movable ring 26 can also be automatically restored upwards by the elastic force of the first spring 272, so as to position the next workpiece.
Further, the adjusting cavity 312 inside the movable seat 31 is arc-shaped and is adapted to the outer ring 25, and the middle part of the adjusting cavity 312 is arc-shaped inclined plane. This allows the movable seat 31 to be driven to move toward the positioning ring 21 by the arc-shaped inclined surface on the adjustment chamber 312 when the outer ring 25 moves downward, and allows the movable seat 31 to be driven to move in the opposite direction by the arc-shaped inclined surface on the adjustment chamber 312 when the outer ring 25 moves upward.
According to the invention, the machining tool designed according to the tool design principle can realize machining of some nonstandard teeth, the outer ring 25 moves synchronously with the movable bottom plate 22 through the connecting column 24, the outer ring 25 can drive the movable seat 31 to move through the adaptive arrangement between the outer ring 25 and the adjusting cavity 312 so as to realize adjustment of the elastic force of the extrusion spring 32, the outer ring 25 can be fixed through the adaptive clamping between the wedge-shaped clamping block 41 and the clamping groove 252, and the clamping between the wedge-shaped clamping block 41 and the clamping groove 252 can be released through the reset piece 261, so that a user can install a workpiece on the workpiece clamp 2 only by assembling the workpiece on the movable bottom plate 22 and pressing down, and can realize dismounting of the workpiece only by pressing down the movable ring 26 and lifting up the outer ring 25.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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| CN119457272B (en) | 2025-05-16 |
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