CN119373515A - High-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control and construction method thereof - Google Patents
High-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims description 15
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 36
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 23
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006355 external stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-pressure expansion device for preventing and controlling tunnel rock burst and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction process equipment and construction processes. The high-pressure expansion device for preventing and controlling the rock burst during tunnel construction and the construction method thereof are relatively simple in structure, and can effectively perform pressure relief treatment on a high-risk area of the tunnel rock burst, reduce or even prevent the occurrence of the rock burst. The high-pressure expansion device comprises a shell structure, a control assembly and an expansion reaction generator, wherein the control assembly and the expansion reaction generator are both arranged in the shell structure, the expansion reaction generator starts reaction to generate high-pressure gas under the control of the information of deformation information of the tunnel rock body along with tunneling, which is acquired by the control assembly, and the high-pressure gas is used for cracking the tunnel rock body according to the set explosion pressure to release stress to control rock burst.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-pressure expansion device, in particular to a high-pressure expansion device for preventing and controlling tunnel rock burst, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction process equipment and construction processes. The invention also relates to a construction method of the high-pressure expansion device for preventing and controlling the tunnel rock burst.
Background
In the tunnel construction process, as the stress balance state of the original rock is damaged due to the excavation of the rock mass, rock explosion disasters are extremely easy to occur in the process of redistributing surrounding rock stress, and the rock explosion disasters are serious geological disasters and threaten construction safety and stability of a tunnel structure. Because the existing knowledge of the rock burst occurrence mechanism is not completely clear, the field control and management of rock burst disasters still has great limitation. Traditional rock burst prevention and control methods mainly comprise grouting reinforcement, burst pressure relief and the like, and even special rock burst resistant anchor rods are adopted to reinforce rock strata for the purpose of inhibiting rock burst, but the methods have limited effects and are quite passive in some cases. The rock burst is a difficult and rapid process, and at present, the methods are extremely time-consuming and costly, so that the rock burst treatment cost is high and the efficiency is low. Therefore, the device and the method capable of automatically preventing and controlling the rock burst in the tunnel stress redistribution process are developed, and have important significance for improving the safety and the efficiency of tunnel construction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the high-pressure expansion device for preventing and controlling the tunnel rock burst, which has a relatively simple structure, can effectively carry out pressure relief treatment on the high-risk area of the tunnel rock burst, and reduces or even prevents the occurrence of the rock burst, and a construction method for the high-pressure expansion device for preventing and controlling the tunnel rock burst.
The technical scheme is that the high-pressure expansion device for preventing and controlling the tunnel rock burst comprises a shell structure, a control assembly and an expansion reaction generator, wherein the control assembly and the expansion reaction generator are arranged in the shell structure, the expansion reaction generator starts reaction to generate high-pressure gas under the control of deformation information generated by tunneling of a tunnel rock body acquired by the control assembly, and the high-pressure gas ruptures the tunnel rock body according to set bursting pressure to release stress to control the rock burst.
Further, the high-pressure expansion device also comprises an anchor rod hole and a plugging material which are drilled in the corresponding rock body of the tunnel, and the control assembly and the expansion reaction generator are coupled with the rock body of the tunnel at the bottom of the anchor rod hole through the shell structure under the cooperation of the plugging material.
The preferable mode of the scheme is that the plugging material is concreteable cement mortar or concreteable gel material, and at least two pre-slits are arranged on the tunnel rock body at the bottom of the anchor rod hole.
Further, the shell structure comprises a supporting shaping shell and a closed accommodating inner shell, wherein the supporting shaping shell is made of a corrosion-resistant material with the strength matched with the rock mass strength, an exhaust hole is formed in the supporting shaping shell, the closed accommodating inner shell is made of a flexible and easily-broken corrosion-resistant material, the control assembly and the expansion reaction generator are all arranged in the closed accommodating inner shell, the closed accommodating inner shell is sleeved in the supporting shaping shell, and the inner wall of the supporting shaping shell is connected with the outer wall of the closed accommodating inner shell in an adhesive mode.
The preferable mode of above-mentioned scheme is, expansion reaction generator includes expanding agent, reactant and encapsulation isolation subassembly, is provided with the intercommunication mouth on encapsulation isolation subassembly, and the classified arrangement is sealed to hold expanding agent and reactant in the inner shell and is separated through encapsulation isolation subassembly, and the intercommunication mouth opens the intercommunication under the control of control assembly according to the tunnel rock mass that its obtained produces deformation information along with the tunnelling.
Further, the expanding agent is water-soluble reactive powder or water-soluble reactive granule, the reactant is water, the dosage of the expanding agent is controlled according to the pressure of generated gas, the deduction formula is that,
,
Wherein P is the gas pressure, the unit is Pa, n is the number of moles of the gas, the unit is mol, R is the ideal gas constant which takes the value of 8.314J/(mol.K), T is the absolute temperature, the unit is K, and V is the gas volume, the unit is m3.
The preferable mode of above-mentioned scheme is, control assembly includes solenoid valve and piezoelectric sensor, and encapsulation isolation subassembly includes reaction baffle and sealed baffle, and the intercommunication mouth is arranged on the reaction baffle, and expanding agent and reactant are separated through the reaction baffle, and the solenoid valve is arranged on the intercommunication mouth, and the piezoelectric sensor of arranging in the sealed inner shell that holds separates with expanding agent and/or reactant through sealed baffle, and the solenoid valve is opened under the control of the tunnel rock mass that piezoelectric sensor obtained along with tunnel tunnelling production deformation information.
Further, the preset starting pressure value of the piezoelectric sensor is 0.8 times of the rock burst stress value, and the expanding agent is aluminum powder and ferric oxide powder or aluminum particles and ferric oxide particles.
The preferable mode of the scheme is that the outer diameter of the shell structure is matched with the aperture of the anchor rod hole, the length of the shell structure is 20-30 cm, the depth of the anchor rod hole, through which the control component and the expansion reaction generator are arranged, is not less than 1.5 times of the length of the anchor rod, the anchor rod hole, through which the shell structure is arranged, is arranged on at least the vault and the arch shoulder of the tunnel, and the depth of the anchor rod hole, through which the shell structure is filled by the plugging material, is matched with the length of the anchor rod to be installed.
The construction method is characterized in that the high-pressure expansion device is manufactured in a factory, then a tunnel is excavated section by section, anchor rod holes are drilled section by section, the high-pressure expansion device is arranged, anchor rods are installed, and the construction sequence of entering the next tunnel section after the completion is sequentially carried out until the whole tunnel excavation and the construction work for arranging the high-pressure expansion device are completed.
The technical scheme provided by the application has the beneficial effects that the high-pressure expansion device comprising the shell structure, the control component and the expansion reaction generator is arranged in the shell structure, the expansion reaction generator is started to react to generate high-pressure gas under the control of deformation information generated by tunneling of the tunnel rock body acquired by the control component, the high-pressure gas breaks the tunnel rock body according to the set blasting pressure to release stress to control rock burst, and the technical problems that the structure and the method for passively treating the rock burst in the prior art consume time, have high cost and have very limited effect under certain conditions are solved. The high-pressure expansion device is arranged in the tunnel rock body, the structure of the high-pressure expansion device only comprises a shell structure, a control component and the expansion reaction generator, so that the structure is relatively simple, the situation that rock burst exists in any place is not required to be predicted in advance, the situation that an arrangement hole is required to be drilled independently is avoided, only the anchor rod Kong Zuandao which is required to be provided with the high-pressure expansion device is required to be deeper when the anchor rod hole is drilled, then the high-pressure expansion device can be started to react to produce the high-pressure gas burst tunnel rock body to control the rock burst according to the deformation information of the tunnel rock body which is acquired by the control component after the deformation information of the tunnel rock body reaches a specified value, the construction safety of the tunnel is improved, and the construction cost of the tunnel is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a high-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the main sectional structure of the high pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the high pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structural illustration of the arrangement of the high pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control of the present invention within a tunnel;
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a high pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control of the present invention initiating a fractured tunnel rock mass.
The device is characterized by comprising a tunnel rock body 1, a bolt hole 2, a plugging material 3, a support shaping outer shell 4, a closed accommodating inner shell 5, an exhaust hole 6, an expanding agent 7, a reactant 8, an electromagnetic valve 9, a piezoelectric sensor 10, a reaction partition 11, a sealing partition 12, a tunnel 13 and a bolt 14.
Detailed Description
Term interpretation:
The high-pressure expansion device comprises a sensor, an expansion agent, a reactant and the like, when the sensor senses the external pressure to a certain extent, the expansion agent and the reactant react to generate a large amount of gas, the air pressure is rapidly increased in a short period, surrounding rock is broken, the effect of releasing the surrounding rock is achieved, and accordingly rock burst is prevented.
The high-pressure expansion device for preventing and controlling the tunnel rock burst, which is provided by the application, has a relatively simple structure, can effectively carry out pressure relief treatment on a high-risk area of the tunnel rock burst, reduces or even prevents the occurrence of the rock burst, and is a construction method for the high-pressure expansion device for preventing and controlling the tunnel rock burst. The high-pressure expansion device comprises a shell structure, a control assembly and an expansion reaction generator, wherein the control assembly and the expansion reaction generator are both arranged in the shell structure, the expansion reaction generator starts reaction to generate high-pressure gas under the control of deformation information generated by tunneling of the tunnel rock body acquired by the control assembly, and the high-pressure gas ruptures the tunnel rock body 1 according to set bursting pressure to release stress to control rock burst. According to the technical scheme, the high-pressure expansion device comprising the shell structure, the control assembly and the expansion reaction generator is arranged in the shell structure, the expansion reaction generator is started to react to generate high-pressure gas under the control of deformation information generated by tunneling of the tunnel rock body acquired by the control assembly, the tunnel rock body is broken according to the regulation through the high-pressure gas to release stress to control rock burst, and the technical problems that the structure and the method for passively treating the rock burst in the prior art consume time, are high in cost and have very limited effect under certain conditions are solved. The high-pressure expansion device is arranged in the tunnel rock body, and the structure of the high-pressure expansion device only comprises a shell structure, a control component and the expansion reaction generator, so that the structure is relatively simple, the situation that rock burst exists in which places is not needed to be predicted in advance is realized, the situation that the hole bottom of the anchor rod hole is arranged is not needed to be drilled separately, only the anchor rod Kong Zuandao which is needed to be provided with the high-pressure expansion device is needed to be deeper when the anchor rod hole is drilled, then the high-pressure expansion device can be started to generate the high-pressure gas burst tunnel rock body release stress to control the rock burst according to the tunnel rock body deformation information obtained by the control component after the preset value is reached, the safety of tunnel construction is improved, and the construction cost of the tunnel is reduced.
In combination with the actual condition of engineering construction, in order to improve the induction sensitivity of the pressure sensor, the high-pressure expansion device also comprises an anchor rod hole 2 and a plugging material 3 which are drilled in the corresponding rock mass of the tunnel, and the control component and the expansion reaction generator are coupled with the rock mass 1 of the tunnel at the bottom of the anchor rod hole through the shell structure under the cooperation of the plugging material 3. At this time, the plugging material is a concretable cement mortar or a concretable gel material, and at least two pre-slits are further arranged on the tunnel rock body 1 at the bottom of the anchor rod hole. As described above, in order to facilitate the arrangement and improve the sensitivity of induction, the outer diameter of the shell structure of the application is adapted to the aperture of the anchor rod hole 2, the length of the shell structure is 20-30 cm or is determined according to the local rock mass strength and the type of the specific expanding agent selected, the depth of the anchor rod hole 2 provided with the control component and the expansion reaction generator through the shell structure is not less than 1.5 times of the anchor rod length, the anchor rod hole 2 provided with the shell structure is arranged at least on the vault and the arch shoulder of the tunnel 13, and the depth of the anchor rod hole 2 filled with the plugging material 3 to complete the shell structure is adapted to the length of the anchor rod 14 to be installed.
Correspondingly, in combination with the situation of the prior art, the shell structure of the application comprises a supporting and shaping outer shell 4 and a closed accommodating inner shell 5, wherein the supporting and shaping outer shell is made of a corrosion-resistant material with the strength corresponding to the rock mass strength, the supporting and shaping outer shell 4 is provided with an exhaust hole 6, the closed accommodating inner shell 5 is made of a flexible and easily-cracked corrosion-resistant material, the control component and the expansion reaction generator are respectively arranged in the closed accommodating inner shell 5, the closed accommodating inner shell 5 is sleeved in the supporting and shaping outer shell 4, and the inner wall of the supporting and shaping outer shell 4 is connected with the outer wall of the closed accommodating inner shell 5 in an adhesive mode. The expansion reaction generator comprises an expanding agent 7, a reactant 8 and a packaging isolation assembly, wherein a communication port is formed in the packaging isolation assembly, the expanding agent 7 and the reactant 8 which are arranged in a sealed and contained inner shell 5 in a classified manner are isolated by the packaging isolation assembly, and the communication port is communicated under the control of the deformation information of the tunnel rock body 1 obtained by a control assembly. The control assembly of the application comprises an electromagnetic valve 9 and a piezoelectric sensor 10, the packaging isolation assembly comprises a reaction partition 11 and a sealing partition 12, a communication port is arranged on the reaction partition 11, an expanding agent 7 and a reactant 8 are separated by the reaction partition 11, the electromagnetic valve 9 is arranged on the communication port, the piezoelectric sensor 10 arranged in the sealed and contained inner shell 5 is separated from the expanding agent 7 and/or the reactant 8 by the sealing partition 12, and the electromagnetic valve 9 is opened under the control of deformation information of the tunnel rock mass 1 obtained by the piezoelectric sensor 10.
More specifically, the expanding agent 7 is water-soluble reactive powder or water-soluble reactive particles, the reactant 8 is water, the dosage of the expanding agent 7 is controlled according to the pressure of generated gas, the deduction formula is that,
,
Wherein P is the gas pressure, the unit is Pa, n is the number of moles of the gas, the unit is mol, R is the ideal gas constant which takes the value of 8.314J/(mol.K), T is the absolute temperature, the unit is K, and V is the gas volume, the unit is m3. The piezoelectric sensor 10 of the present application has a preset starting pressure value of 0.8 times the value of the rock burst stress. Preferably, the expanding agent 7 is aluminum powder and iron oxide powder or aluminum particles and iron oxide particles.
The high-pressure expansion device can be arranged in the anchor rod hole according to the following steps, firstly, the high-pressure expansion device is manufactured in a factory, then, a tunnel is excavated section by section, the anchor rod hole is drilled section by section, the high-pressure expansion device is arranged, the anchor rod is installed, and after the tunnel is completed, the construction work of the next tunnel section is sequentially carried out until the whole tunnel excavation and the construction work of the high-pressure expansion device arrangement are completed.
In summary, the technical proposal provided by the application has the following advantages,
1. The device is designed in a small size, and the device is combined with the expansion agent in a small size and is easy to install and transport.
2. Compared with the traditional rock burst control method, the device is simple and convenient to construct and easy to operate.
3. The device has low cost, is suitable for rock burst control in large-scale tunnel construction, and can reduce the overall engineering cost to a great extent.
4. Accurate control, namely realizing accurate stress control and pressure relief through a pressure sensor and a trigger mechanism.
5. The rock burst early warning method comprises the steps that sensors are arranged on an anchor rod in a plurality of tunnel projects to monitor the rock burst process, and if the device plays a role, surrounding rocks are broken to generate disturbance stress, and the disturbance stress is easy to be sensed by the sensors due to the fact that the surrounding rocks are close to the anchor rod, so that an early warning signal is sent.
The device can be applied to surrounding rock prevention and control of tunnels or underground chambers in high-ground-stress areas, and effectively improves the safety of the construction process.
The technical scheme of the application is further described by the following specific examples:
The technical scheme of the application mainly comprises the following steps:
the device consists of an outer shell, an inner shell, an expanding agent reservoir, a reaction chamber, a sensor, an electromagnetic valve and a plugging material. The device comprises an outer shell, an inner shell, an expanding agent or high-pressure gas reservoir, a reaction chamber, a sensor, an electromagnetic valve and a blocking material, wherein the outer shell is designed for protecting an inner component and preventing the influence of the external environment on the device, the inner shell is a component for wrapping an inner material and can be broken under a specific stress condition, the expanding agent or the high-pressure gas reservoir is used for storing the expanding agent or the high-pressure gas, the reaction chamber is used for storing a reaction medium, the sensor is used for sensing the stress of surrounding rock, the electromagnetic valve is used for triggering the expanding agent to release and react with the reaction medium when the stress reaches a preset value, and the blocking material is used for blocking an anchor rod hole.
In the process of normally applying the anchor rod in the tunnel, the depth of the drilled hole is larger than the length of the anchor rod when the anchor rod is drilled, then the high-pressure expansion device is placed at the deepest part of the anchor rod hole, then the anchor rod hole is blocked by using a blocking material, and the anchor rod is normally applied after the blocking material is solidified, thus the construction is completed. In the normal forward construction process of the tunnel, along with the redistribution of the surrounding rock stress, after the sensor senses that the stress reaches a preset condition, the electromagnetic valve is opened, so that the expanding agent reacts with the reaction medium to generate a large amount of high-pressure gas, and the surrounding rock is broken and relieved.
Example 1
The following description of the specific implementation steps of the application is given with reference to the accompanying drawings, and is divided into 4 parts in total.
1. The high pressure expansion device is ready. The high-pressure expansion agent device is designed and manufactured according to the stress condition and the rock burst risk of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, as shown in fig. 1 and 2. The device is generally cylindrical with a diameter of about 5cm (depending on the size of the bolt bore) and a length of about 20-30cm to ensure that the device is compact and easy to install. The specific structure of the device comprises an outer shell, an inner shell, an expanding agent container, a reaction chamber, a pressure sensor and an electromagnetic valve. The shell is made of a material with certain strength and corrosion resistance, preferably has the same strength as surrounding rock, can be kept stable under the condition of external stress, and is uniformly distributed with a plurality of round holes serving as flow channels of high-pressure gas. The inner shell can be made of low-strength brittle materials, such as plastics, and can be broken after the internal gas pressure reaches a certain degree, so that high-pressure gas is ensured to overflow. The interior of the expansion agent container contains an expansion agent, typically in powder or granular form, and is sealed in a small container. The reaction chamber is a region where water or other reaction medium (typically liquid) is deposited. It should be noted that the gas pressure generated by the expanding agent and the reaction medium depends on various factors, including the type, amount, ambient temperature and humidity of the expanding agent. In general, the pressure of hydrogen generated by the reaction of a common expanding agent such as aluminum powder and ferric oxide can reach tens to hundreds of megapascals (MPa), which is enough to cause most surrounding rocks to break, and the specific application of the expanding agent or the reactant can be deduced by referring to the following formula in engineering according to practical situations, so as to control the gas pressure.,
Where P is the gas pressure (Pa), n is the number of moles of the gas (mol), R is the ideal gas constant (8.314J/(mol. K)), T is the absolute temperature (K), and V is the gas volume (m 3).
The pressure sensor is used for monitoring the internal pressure, when the pressure reaches a preset value, the swelling agent reaction is triggered, the preset value can be 80% of the surrounding rock strength, and the piezoelectric sensor is used for ensuring that the sensor can continuously work for a long time. The electromagnetic valve is a triggering device and is positioned in a flow channel between the expanding agent container and the reaction chamber to control the connection of the containers at two sides. The sealing device is used for isolating the internal and external spaces of the device.
When the stress of the surrounding rock reaches a certain degree, the pressure sensor detects the change and sends out a preset signal to control the electromagnetic valve to open the valve, so that the expanding agent is triggered to react with the reaction medium and generate a large amount of gas, the pressure in the device is increased sharply, and the inner shell is broken. Then the high-pressure gas overflows along the flow channel of the shell to increase the ambient pressure, and when the air pressure is increased to a certain degree, the surrounding rock is locally broken, so that the aim of pressure relief is achieved, and rock burst is prevented or the rock burst grade is reduced.
2. And (5) drilling construction. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, in the tunnel excavation process, the anchor rod hole is drilled according to the normal design requirement, no additional drilling is needed, but the drilling depth is deeper, and in order to ensure that the anchor rod plays a normal role, the drilling depth is at least 1.5 times the length of the anchor rod. It should be noted that, this deep drilling is to install the high-pressure expansion device, so, in order to reduce the construction procedure and the cost, it is not necessary to drill deep holes on the full section of the tunnel, and only the high-pressure expansion device, such as the dome, the shoulder, etc., is installed at the position crisis of the rock burst. In addition, if the problem of directional expansion of the crack is considered, two pre-cutting fronts can be prefabricated at the bottom of the hole during drilling, and the directional hydraulic fracturing operation mode is referred to, so that the crack is controlled to expand towards the set direction.
3. And (5) installing and plugging the high-pressure expansion device. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the high pressure expansion device is placed at the deepest point of the bolt bore hole, and then the bolt bore hole is plugged with a plugging material to ensure that the expansion device does not slip beyond the predetermined position. It should be noted that the blocking distance is up to the length of the anchor rod which is originally set, so as to ensure that the anchor rod plays a normal role. In addition, in order to ensure that the device is in close contact with surrounding rock, the stress of the surrounding rock is accurately sensed, the plugging material is selected from cement mortar and other fluids, the high-pressure expansion device can be completely wrapped, a certain strength (the proportion is determined according to the strength of the surrounding rock and the proximity of the device and the surrounding rock is ensured) is achieved after solidification, and the stress of the surrounding rock can be transferred to the sensor, as shown in fig. 1.
4. And (5) tunnel construction. After the high-pressure expansion device is installed, the tunnel is subjected to normal construction process, and the anchor rod is required by installation design.
In summary, the innovation point of the application is that,
1. The application provides a device and a method for surrounding rock rupture and pressure relief in tunnel excavation, which can automatically prevent and control rock burst under the condition of preset stress, and effectively prevent the occurrence of rock burst or reduce the rock burst grade.
2. The application provides a structure diagram of the high-pressure expansion device, and each part is independent and has lower cost.
3. The device disclosed by the application is simple in structure and convenient to install, and can actively cope with the rock burst risk in the tunnel construction process, so that the construction safety and efficiency are improved.
4. The device has long effective period, the piezoelectric sensor and the like can generate electricity for a long time under the pressure action, and an independent pressurizing device and an external circuit are not required to be configured;
5. The device has good integral self-stability, and even if the device does not crack in the later period, the device can be connected with surrounding rock into a whole without affecting the integral stability of the surrounding rock.
6. The technical scheme of the application has strong applicability, can flexibly regulate and control early warning pressure, the consumption of the expanding agent and the like according to the working condition, the geological condition and the like of each tunnel, and can be widely applied to each project.
Claims (10)
1. The high-pressure expansion device for preventing and controlling the tunnel rock burst is characterized by comprising a shell structure, a control assembly and an expansion reaction generator, wherein the control assembly and the expansion reaction generator are both arranged in the shell structure, the expansion reaction generator starts reaction to generate high-pressure gas under the control of deformation information of the tunnel rock body along with tunneling, which is acquired by the control assembly, and the high-pressure gas ruptures the tunnel rock body (1) according to a set burst pressure to release stress to control the rock burst.
2. The high-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure expansion device further comprises an anchor rod hole (2) and a plugging material (3) which are drilled in corresponding rock bodies of a tunnel, and the control assembly and the expansion reaction generator are coupled with the tunnel rock body (1) at the bottom of the anchor rod hole through a shell structure under the cooperation of the plugging material (3).
3. The high-pressure expansion device for preventing and controlling tunnel rock burst according to claim 2, wherein the plugging material is a concretionary cement mortar or concretionary gel material, and at least two pre-slits are arranged on the tunnel rock body (1) at the bottom of the anchor rod hole.
4. A high-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control according to claim 1,2 or 3, characterized in that the shell structure comprises a support shaping shell (4) and a closed accommodating inner shell (5), wherein the support shaping shell is made of a corrosion-resistant material with the strength corresponding to the rock mass, an exhaust hole (6) is formed in the support shaping shell (4), the closed accommodating inner shell (5) is made of a flexible and breakable corrosion-resistant material, the control component and the expansion reaction generator are distributed in the closed accommodating inner shell (5), the closed accommodating inner shell (5) is sleeved in the support shaping shell (4), and the inner wall of the support shaping shell (4) is in bonding connection with the outer wall of the closed accommodating inner shell (5).
5. The high-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control according to claim 4, wherein the expansion reaction generator comprises an expansion agent (7), a reactant (8) and a packaging isolation assembly, a communication port is formed in the packaging isolation assembly, the expansion agent (7) and the reactant (8) which are arranged in the sealed accommodating inner shell (5) in a classified manner are separated through the packaging isolation assembly, and the communication port is communicated under the control of deformation information generated by the control assembly along with tunneling of the tunnel rock mass (1) obtained by the control assembly.
6. The high-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control according to claim 5, wherein the expansion agent (7) is water-soluble reactive powder or water-soluble reactive particles, the reactant (8) is water, the amount of the expansion agent (7) is controlled according to the pressure of generated gas, the deduction formula is that,
,
Wherein P is the gas pressure, the unit is Pa, n is the number of moles of the gas, the unit is mol, R is the ideal gas constant, the unit is K, the unit is absolute temperature, and the unit is m3.
7. The high-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control according to claim 6, wherein the control assembly comprises an electromagnetic valve (9) and a piezoelectric sensor (10), the packaging isolation assembly comprises a reaction partition plate (11) and a sealing partition plate (12), the communication port is arranged on the reaction partition plate (11), the expansion agent (7) and the reaction agent (8) are separated through the reaction partition plate (11), the electromagnetic valve (9) is arranged on the communication port, the piezoelectric sensor (10) arranged in the sealed accommodating inner shell (5) is separated from the expansion agent (7) and/or the reaction agent (8) through the sealing partition plate (12), and the electromagnetic valve (9) is opened under the control of deformation information generated by tunneling of a tunnel rock body (1) obtained by the piezoelectric sensor (10).
8. The high-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control according to claim 7, wherein the preset starting pressure value of the piezoelectric sensor (10) is 0.8 times of the rock burst stress value, and the expanding agent (7) is aluminum powder and ferric oxide powder or aluminum particles and ferric oxide particles.
9. A high-pressure expansion device for tunnel rock burst prevention and control according to claim 3, wherein the outer diameter of the shell structure is matched with the aperture of the anchor rod hole (2), the length of the shell structure is 20-30 cm, the depth of the anchor rod hole (2) provided with a control component and an expansion reaction generator through the shell structure is not less than 1.5 times of the length of the anchor rod, the anchor rod hole (2) provided with the shell structure is arranged on at least the vault and the arch shoulder of the tunnel (13), and the depth of the anchor rod hole (2) filled with the blocking material (3) to complete the shell structure is matched with the length of the anchor rod (14) to be installed.
10. A construction method for the high-pressure expansion device for preventing and controlling the tunnel rock burst is characterized in that the construction method comprises the steps of firstly manufacturing the high-pressure expansion device in a factory, then excavating tunnels section by section, drilling anchor rod holes section by section, arranging the high-pressure expansion device and installing anchor rods, and entering the next tunnel section construction sequence after the completion of the construction, wherein the construction work of excavating the whole tunnel and arranging the high-pressure expansion device is sequentially carried out until the completion of the construction work of arranging the high-pressure expansion device.
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