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CN119340418B - Reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell - Google Patents

Reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell

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Publication number
CN119340418B
CN119340418B CN202411482651.9A CN202411482651A CN119340418B CN 119340418 B CN119340418 B CN 119340418B CN 202411482651 A CN202411482651 A CN 202411482651A CN 119340418 B CN119340418 B CN 119340418B
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metal
electrochemical cell
substrate
cathode
anode
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CN119340418A (en
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卓昱杭
史翊翔
李爽
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02Details
    • H01M8/0271Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H01M8/0276Sealing means characterised by their form
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell. The reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell comprises a hydrogen electrochemical component and a packaging structure, wherein the hydrogen electrochemical component comprises an anode substrate and a cathode substrate which are oppositely arranged, the anode substrate and the cathode substrate are made of porous materials, an anode catalyst layer is arranged on the surface of the anode substrate, which is close to the cathode substrate, a cathode catalyst layer is arranged on the surface of the cathode substrate, which is close to the anode substrate, an alkaline composite electrolyte is arranged between the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer and is of a porous structure, and the packaging structure is provided with at least one sealing opening, and a sealing piece is used for sealing the sealing opening. The reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell can realize high-efficiency conversion between electric energy and chemical energy, can avoid rapid loss of the electrode and electrolyte at high temperature, can realize conversion between electric energy and chemical energy in a single device, and has the advantages of more compact overall structure and lower cost compared with a split type electrolytic cell and a fuel cell.

Description

Reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electrochemistry, and particularly relates to a reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell.
Background
With the continuous growth of global population and the continuous expansion of industrialization, the utilization of traditional fossil energy sources by human society is greatly increased, and the problems of series climates such as greenhouse gas emission and the like are caused. The large-scale utilization of renewable energy sources such as wind power, photovoltaic and water energy is important for the long-term stable sustainable development of the social economy and ecological civilization construction of China, but the generated electric power naturally has strong time fluctuation and space dependence, and unstable electric energy needs to be efficiently converted into stable chemical energy for storage so as to meet the subsequent utilization requirement.
Clean energy carriers such as green hydrogen, green ammonia, green alcohol and green hydrocarbon are considered to be expected to replace traditional fossil fuels, so that power devices such as fuel cells, gas turbines and internal combustion engines realize near zero emission, carbon-based clean energy prepared by taking carbon dioxide and green hydrogen as raw materials is expected to replace traditional fuels on the basis of not causing huge impact on the market of traditional power devices, and the aim of forcefully pushing double carbon is successfully realized.
Therefore, the preparation and utilization of the Guan Jianneng source carrier and the green chemical raw material surrounding the green hydrogen is needed to develop a corresponding efficient electrochemical conversion device.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. It is therefore an object of the present invention to propose a reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell capable of achieving an efficient conversion between electrical energy and chemical energy, capable of avoiding rapid loss of electrodes and electrolytes at high temperatures, or capable of achieving a conversion between electrical energy and chemical energy in a single device.
In one aspect of the invention, a reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell is provided. According to an embodiment of the invention, the reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell comprises a hydrogen electrochemical component and a packaging structure for packaging the hydrogen electrochemical component, wherein the hydrogen electrochemical component comprises an anode substrate and a cathode substrate which are oppositely arranged, the anode substrate and the cathode substrate are made of porous materials, an anode catalyst layer is arranged on the surface of the anode substrate close to the cathode substrate, a cathode catalyst layer is arranged on the surface of the cathode substrate close to the anode substrate, an alkaline composite electrolyte is arranged between the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer, the alkaline composite electrolyte is of a porous structure, and the packaging structure is provided with at least one sealing opening, and a sealing piece is arranged in the sealing opening and is used for sealing the sealing opening. Therefore, the reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell can realize high-efficiency conversion between electric energy and chemical energy, can avoid rapid loss of the electrode and electrolyte at high temperature, can realize conversion between electric energy and chemical energy in a single device, and has the advantages of more compact integral structure and lower cost compared with a split type electrolytic cell and a fuel cell.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the alkaline composite electrolyte includes a porous skeleton and a metal compound including at least one of a metal hydroxide and a metal oxide, and a metal element of the metal compound includes at least one of lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, strontium, cesium.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the alkaline composite electrolyte, the porous skeleton and the metal compound are mixed as one body, or the metal compound is attached to the pore surfaces in the porous skeleton.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the porous framework is made of at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyether ether ketone, polybenzimidazole, polyphenylene sulfide, polyimide, zirconia, nickel oxide, potassium titanate, strontium titanate and zirconium titanate.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the materials of the cathode substrate and the anode substrate each independently include at least one of nickel foam, platinum foam, palladium foam, stainless steel foam, titanium felt, platinum felt, palladium felt, raney nickel, and carbon paper.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer each independently include at least one of a simple metal, an alloy of the metal, an oxide of the metal, a sulfide of the metal, and/or a hydroxide of the metal, wherein the metal includes at least one of nickel, palladium, platinum, iridium, ruthenium, gold, silver, copper, and iron.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the package structure comprises a metal flow field plate and/or a graphite flow field plate, wherein the metal in the metal flow field plate comprises at least one of nickel, palladium, platinum, iridium, ruthenium, gold, silver, copper and iron.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sealing member is at least one of a polytetrafluoroethylene sealing sheet, a perfluoroether rubber sealing sheet, and a dense ceramic sealing sheet.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the preparation process of the alkaline composite electrolyte comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the porous framework and the metal compound and sintering to obtain the alkaline composite electrolyte, or the preparation process of the alkaline composite electrolyte comprises the steps of placing the porous framework in molten metal compound solution or in metal compound aqueous solution for infiltration so that the metal compound is adsorbed on the pore surfaces of the porous framework, and cooling and solidifying at room temperature to obtain the alkaline composite electrolyte.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cathode substrate has a fuel gas flow path and the anode substrate has an oxidizing gas flow path.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell in an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals 1 cathode substrate, 2 cathode catalyst layer, 3 alkaline composite electrolyte, 4 anode catalyst layer, 5 anode substrate, 6 packaging structure, 7 sealing member.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is intended to be illustrative of the invention and is not to be taken as limiting the invention.
In one aspect of the invention, a reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell is provided. According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell includes a hydrogen electrochemical component and a packaging structure 6 for packaging the hydrogen electrochemical component, wherein the hydrogen electrochemical component includes an anode substrate 5 and a cathode substrate 1 disposed opposite to each other, the anode substrate 5 and the cathode substrate 1 are both porous materials, an anode catalyst layer 4 disposed on a surface of the anode substrate 5 adjacent to the cathode substrate 1, a cathode catalyst layer 2 disposed on a surface of the cathode substrate 1 adjacent to the anode substrate 5, an alkaline composite electrolyte 3 disposed between the anode catalyst layer 4 and the cathode catalyst layer 2, and the alkaline composite electrolyte 3 is porous, the packaging structure 6 has at least one sealing port in which a sealing member 7 is disposed, the sealing member 7 being for sealing the sealing port. Therefore, in the reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell, the alkaline composite electrolyte 3 is of a porous structure, the anode substrate 5 and the cathode substrate 1 are made of porous materials, namely, the alkaline composite electrolyte, the anode substrate and the cathode substrate are of pore structures, and the porous structures can realize the circulation of gas and ions, so that the reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell can realize the efficient conversion between electric energy and chemical energy, can avoid the rapid loss of electrodes and electrolyte at high temperature, can realize the conversion between electric energy and chemical energy in a single device, and has the advantages of more compact overall structure and lower cost compared with a split type electrolytic cell and a fuel cell.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the cathode substrate 1 has a fuel gas flow path and the anode substrate 5 has an oxidation gas flow path. The fuel gas flow passage can be filled with hydrogen, ammonia and the like so as to enable electrochemical reaction of the reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell on the cathode side under the working condition of the fuel cell, and the oxidation gas flow passage can be filled with oxygen, air and the like so as to enable electrochemical reaction of the reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell on the anode side under the working condition of the fuel cell.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the working process of the reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell comprises an electrolysis working condition and a battery working condition, and the working process is specifically as follows:
Under the electrolysis working condition, the water vapor is introduced into the cathode and anode of the reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell, and voltage is applied to the reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell. The water vapor reacts at the cathode to produce 1 hydrogen molecule with 2 hydroxyl anions in combination with 2 electrons per 2 water molecules, half-reactions are as follows:
2H2O+2e-→H2+2OH-;
The water vapor at the anode reacts, giving off 4 electrons every 4 hydroxyl anions and producing 2 water molecules with 1 oxygen molecule, the half reaction is as follows:
4OH-→4e-+O2+2H2O
in the process of switching from the electrolysis working condition to the battery working condition, water vapor is cut off, hydrogen is introduced into the cathode side of the reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell, oxygen is introduced into the anode side of the reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell, and the power supply is disconnected and switched to the load.
Under the working condition of the fuel cell, the reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell is provided with a load, wherein hydrogen is introduced into the cathode side of the reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell, and oxygen is introduced into the anode side of the reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell, and the amounts of the introduced hydrogen and oxygen are determined according to the generated energy.
The hydrogen gas reacts at the cathode, combining with 2 hydroxyl anions per 1 hydrogen molecule to produce 2 water molecules and 2 electrons, half-reacting as follows:
H2+2OH-→2H2O+2e-
Oxygen reacts at the anode, absorbing 4 electrons with 2 water molecules per 1 oxygen molecule and generating 4 hydroxyl anions, half-reacting as follows:
4e-+O2+2H2O→4OH-
In the process of switching from the working condition of the fuel cell to the electrolysis working condition, the hydrogen and the oxygen are cut off, the water vapor is introduced into the cathode and the anode of the reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell, and the load is disconnected and switched to the power supply.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the alkaline composite electrolyte comprises a porous skeleton and a metal compound, the metal compound comprising at least one of a metal hydroxide and a metal oxide, the metal element in the metal compound comprising an alkali metal comprising at least one of lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, strontium, cesium. The porous framework provides a good porous structure for the alkaline composite electrolyte, so that the alkaline composite electrolyte has a larger contact area, the metal compound is alkali metal, the alkaline composite electrolyte has good service performance, the alkaline composite electrolyte plays a role in isolating a cathode and an anode and transmitting hydroxyl ions in the reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell, and also plays a role in catalyzing chemical reactions of the cell, so that the reaction rate and the efficiency are improved.
The existence mode between the porous framework and the metal compound in the alkaline composite electrolyte can comprise two modes that in some embodiments, the porous framework and the metal compound are mixed into a whole, namely the metal compound is doped in the porous framework, and in the preparation process, the preparation process of the alkaline composite electrolyte with the structure comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the porous framework and the metal compound, and sintering to obtain the alkaline composite electrolyte with the integrated structure. In other embodiments of the invention, the metal compound is attached to the pore surface of the porous skeleton, and in the preparation process, the preparation process of the alkaline composite electrolyte of the structure comprises the steps of placing the porous skeleton in molten metal compound solution or placing the porous skeleton in metal compound aqueous solution for infiltration, so that the metal compound is adsorbed on the pore surface of the porous skeleton, and cooling and solidifying at room temperature to obtain the alkaline composite electrolyte. The alkaline composite electrolyte with the structure has good structural stability, can still keep the structural stability in the long-time use process of the battery, and can bring the alkaline composite electrolyte into play with better use effect.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the porous skeleton comprises at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyetheretherketone, polybenzimidazole, polyphenylene sulfide, polyimide, etc. and zirconia, nickel oxide, potassium titanate, strontium titanate, zirconium titanate, etc. as an organic material. Therefore, the alkaline composite electrolyte of the porous framework made of the material has better stability, is not easy to corrode in the long-time use process of the battery, can provide a good porous structure, and is beneficial to realizing the technical effect of converting electric energy and chemical energy in a single device.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the alkaline composite electrolyte with the structure and the material can effectively protect electrochemical synthesis of products such as hydrogen and oxygen and electrochemical conversion of fuels such as hydrogen and oxygen and combustion promoters for generating various direct current and alternating current electric power from 170 ℃ to 400 ℃ by using the reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell based on the alkaline composite electrolyte. Specifically, the directional movement of hydroxide anions in the molten metal hydroxide at 170-400 ℃ under the action of an electric field can realize ion transmission, and the electrochemical reaction between a cathode and an anode under the action of potential can realize the electrolytic reaction of water and the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. In the molten metal hydroxide at 170-400 ℃, hydroxide anions move from the cathode to the anode under the action of an electric field. Wherein, if the temperature is lower than 170 ℃, the conductivity of the alkaline composite electrolyte is reduced, and the alkaline composite electrolyte is possibly caused to be locally solidified to affect the gas barrier property of the battery, and if the temperature is higher than 400 ℃, the sealing member is possibly damaged, and meanwhile, the electrode attenuation is enhanced, so that the battery is possibly damaged rapidly under the strong alkaline environment.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the materials of the cathode substrate and the anode substrate each independently include at least one of nickel foam, platinum foam, palladium foam, stainless steel foam, titanium felt, platinum felt, palladium felt, raney nickel, and carbon paper. Therefore, the cathode substrate and the anode substrate made of the materials can provide good gas flow passages for the cathode substrate and the anode substrate respectively, and the materials are good in alkali resistance and not suitable for being corroded in the use process of the battery. In some embodiments, the cathode substrate and the anode substrate may each use stamped or milled channeled nickel-based or titanium-based alloy plates. Thereby ensuring the passage of the gas-liquid stream.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer each independently comprise at least one of elemental metal, an alloy of metal, an oxide of metal, a sulfide of metal, and/or a hydroxide of metal, wherein the metal comprises at least one of nickel, palladium, platinum, iridium, ruthenium, gold, silver, copper, and iron. Thus, the catalyst of the material can effectively promote the reaction and improve the battery efficiency.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the catalyst layer may be prepared by adhering a catalyst to the surface of the cathode substrate and/or the anode substrate by using an electrodeposition or hydrothermal synthesis method in a catalyst precursor solution, and in other embodiments of the present invention, the catalyst layer may be prepared by preparing a catalyst alloy material into a porous catalyst layer independently or adhered to the surface of the cathode substrate and/or the anode substrate by a casting method or a solid powder additive manufacturing technique or an impregnation slurry method or vapor deposition method, etc.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the package structure comprises a metal flow field plate and/or a graphite flow field plate, wherein the metal in the metal flow field plate comprises at least one of nickel, palladium, platinum, iridium, ruthenium, gold, silver, copper, and iron. Therefore, the sealing performance of the packaging structure of the material is good, the material is not easy to react with the solution in the battery, and the overall safety of the battery is further improved. In some embodiments, the package structure may be obtained by metal milling or metal/graphite additive manufacturing molding or stamping. In some embodiments of the present invention, the packaging structure is provided with a gas flow channel, and gas enters the cathode substrate and the anode substrate from two sides of the packaging structure, which are close to the cathode substrate and the anode substrate, respectively, to perform electrochemical reaction.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the seal is at least one of a polytetrafluoroethylene seal, a perfluoroether rubber seal, and a dense ceramic seal. Thus, the sealing effect of the sealing member made of the above material is good. In some embodiments of the invention, the seal may be obtained by stamping, shearing and forming. According to one embodiment of the invention, the seal is not provided with air intake capability, and is a part for sealing between two sides of the packaging structure to ensure that no air leakage occurs.
The invention will now be described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting in any way.
Examples
Example 1
And sequentially clamping and assembling the cathode substrate, the cathode catalyst layer, the alkaline composite electrolyte, the anode catalyst layer, the anode substrate, the packaging part and the sealing part which are adhered to the cathode substrate, the alkaline composite electrolyte and the anode catalyst layer by using a group of clamps to obtain the reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell, wherein the clamps adopt nickel-containing stainless steel or titanium alloy with nickel or gold or silver plating layers on the surfaces, the cathode substrate and the anode substrate adopt foam nickel, the cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer are made of palladium, the alkaline composite electrolyte adopts a zirconium oxide porous framework, barium hydroxide is adhered to the surface of the porous framework after being melted, and the packaging part and the sealing part are made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
Heating the obtained reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell to 170-250 ℃ and working pressure of 0.1-10 MPa, introducing saturated water vapor into the cathode substrate and the anode substrate under the working pressure, and electrifying to realize electrolysis. After electrolysis for a period of time, stopping injecting water vapor, introducing hydrogen into the cathode substrate side and oxygen into the anode substrate side, disconnecting the power supply and switching to the load to realize power generation of the fuel cell. And in the process of switching from the battery working condition to the electrolysis working condition, stopping introducing hydrogen and oxygen, introducing water vapor into the cathode and anode of the device, and disconnecting and switching the load to a power supply.
The performance of the cells in example 1 above was verified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and voltammetric characterization using an electrochemical workstation. The test results show that when pure hydrogen and pure oxygen are produced and used, the ohmic impedance of the fuel cell is not more than 0.1 Ω & cm 2,1000mA·cm-2 at 170 ℃ and 250 ℃ in an electrolysis mode, the electrolysis voltage is less than 1.8V, and the power generation voltage is more than 0.64V at 170 ℃ and 250 ℃ and not more than 0.1 Ω & cm 2,1000mA·cm-2 in a fuel cell mode. Thus, the reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell in the embodiment 1 has good electrolysis mode and fuel cell mode, that is, the reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell of the invention has good working performance, and can effectively realize the conversion of electric energy and chemical energy in a single device.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种可逆氢电化学池,其特征在于,包括氢电化学组件和用于封装所述氢电化学组件的封装结构,其中,1. A reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell, comprising a hydrogen electrochemical component and a packaging structure for packaging the hydrogen electrochemical component, wherein: 所述氢电化学组件包括:The hydrogen electrochemical component comprises: 相对设置的阳极基底和阴极基底,所述阳极基底和所述阴极基底均为多孔材料;An anode substrate and a cathode substrate are arranged opposite to each other, and both the anode substrate and the cathode substrate are made of porous materials; 阳极催化剂层,所述阳极催化剂层设置在所述阳极基底靠近所述阴极基底的表面上;an anode catalyst layer, the anode catalyst layer being disposed on a surface of the anode substrate close to the cathode substrate; 阴极催化剂层,所述阴极催化剂层设置在所述阴极基底靠近所述阳极基底的表面上;a cathode catalyst layer, the cathode catalyst layer being disposed on a surface of the cathode substrate close to the anode substrate; 碱性复合电解质,所述碱性复合电解质设置在所述阳极催化剂层和所述阴极催化剂层之间,且所述碱性复合电解质为多孔结构;an alkaline composite electrolyte, wherein the alkaline composite electrolyte is disposed between the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer, and the alkaline composite electrolyte has a porous structure; 所述封装结构具有至少一个密封口,所述密封口中设置有密封件,所述密封件用于密封所述密封口。The packaging structure has at least one sealing opening, in which a sealing member is provided, and the sealing member is used to seal the sealing opening. 2.根据权利要求1所述的可逆氢电化学池,其特征在于,所述碱性复合电解质包括多孔骨架和金属化合物,所述金属化合物包括金属氢氧化物和金属氧化物中的至少之一,所述金属化合物的金属元素包括含锂、钠、钾、钙、钡、锶、铯中的至少之一。2. The reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that the alkaline composite electrolyte comprises a porous skeleton and a metal compound, the metal compound comprises at least one of a metal hydroxide and a metal oxide, and the metal element of the metal compound comprises at least one of lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, strontium, and cesium. 3.根据权利要求2所述的可逆氢电化学池,其特征在于,所述碱性复合电解质中,所述多孔骨架和所述金属化合物混合为一体,或者,所述金属化合物附着在所述多孔骨架中的孔隙表面。3. The reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, in the alkaline composite electrolyte, the porous skeleton and the metal compound are mixed into one, or the metal compound is attached to the pore surface in the porous skeleton. 4.根据权利要求2所述的可逆氢电化学池,其特征在于,所述多孔骨架的材质包括聚四氟乙烯、聚醚醚酮、聚苯并咪唑、聚苯硫醚、聚酰亚胺、氧化锆、氧化镍、钛酸钾、钛酸锶、钛酸锆中的至少之一。4. The reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell according to claim 2, wherein the material of the porous skeleton comprises at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyetheretherketone, polybenzimidazole, polyphenylene sulfide, polyimide, zirconium oxide, nickel oxide, potassium titanate, strontium titanate, and zirconium titanate. 5.根据权利要求1所述的可逆氢电化学池,其特征在于,所述阴极基底和所述阳极基底的材料各自独立的包括泡沫镍、泡沫铂、泡沫钯、泡沫不锈钢、钛毡、铂毡、钯毡、雷尼镍和碳纸中的至少一种。5. The reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell according to claim 1, wherein the material of the cathode substrate and the anode substrate independently comprises at least one of foamed nickel, foamed platinum, foamed palladium, foamed stainless steel, titanium felt, platinum felt, palladium felt, Raney nickel and carbon paper. 6.根据权利要求1所述的可逆氢电化学池,其特征在于,所述阴极催化剂层和所述阳极催化剂层各自独立的包括金属单质、所述金属的合金、所述金属的氧化物、所述金属的硫化物和/或所述金属的氢氧化物中的至少一种,其中,所述金属包括镍、钯、铂、铱、钌、金、银、铜和铁中的至少之一。6. The reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer independently include at least one of a metal element, an alloy of the metal, an oxide of the metal, a sulfide of the metal and/or a hydroxide of the metal, wherein the metal includes at least one of nickel, palladium, platinum, iridium, ruthenium, gold, silver, copper and iron. 7.根据权利要求1所述的可逆氢电化学池,其特征在于,所述封装结构包括金属流场板和/或石墨流场板,其中所述金属流场板中的金属包括镍、钯、铂、铱、钌、金、银、铜和铁中的至少一种。7. The reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the packaging structure includes a metal flow field plate and/or a graphite flow field plate, wherein the metal in the metal flow field plate includes at least one of nickel, palladium, platinum, iridium, ruthenium, gold, silver, copper and iron. 8.根据权利要求1所述的可逆氢电化学池,其特征在于,所述密封件为聚四氟乙烯密封片、全氟醚橡胶密封片和致密陶瓷密封片中的至少一种。8 . The reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein the sealing member is at least one of a polytetrafluoroethylene sealing sheet, a perfluoroether rubber sealing sheet, and a dense ceramic sealing sheet. 9.根据权利要求3所述的可逆氢电化学池,其特征在于,所述碱性复合电解质的制备过程包括:将所述多孔骨架与所述金属化合物混合均匀,烧结得到所述碱性复合电解质;9. The reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell according to claim 3, wherein the preparation process of the alkaline composite electrolyte comprises: uniformly mixing the porous skeleton and the metal compound, and sintering to obtain the alkaline composite electrolyte; 或者,所述碱性复合电解质的制备过程包括:将所述多孔骨架放置在熔融的金属化合物熔液中或者放置在金属化合物水溶液中浸润,使得所述金属化合物吸附在所述多孔骨架的孔隙表面;室温冷却固化,得到所述碱性复合电解质。Alternatively, the preparation process of the alkaline composite electrolyte includes: placing the porous skeleton in a molten metal compound solution or infiltrating it in a metal compound aqueous solution so that the metal compound is adsorbed on the pore surface of the porous skeleton; cooling and solidifying at room temperature to obtain the alkaline composite electrolyte. 10.根据权利要求1所述的可逆氢电化学池,其特征在于,所述阴极基底具有燃料气流道,所述阳极基底具有氧化气流道。10 . The reversible hydrogen electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein the cathode substrate has a fuel gas flow channel, and the anode substrate has an oxidizing gas flow channel.
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